ADVANCE PRACTICLES

Course Code:

Dr. Huusain Ullah

Ph.D (Chemistry)
Email: chem.hussain@gmail.com/chem_hussain@uo.edu.pk

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Estimation of Na+ and K+ in Unknown Sample using flame Photometer
Theory
Flame photometry or flame emission is the name given to the technique that measures the intensity of the
light emitted by analyte atoms. It is used mostly for the analysis of inorganic ions in solutions like Na, K ,
Ca and Mag

Procedure

It involves excitation by spraying the sample into a flame. Radiation from the flame enters a
dispersing device to isolate the desired region of the spectrum. The intensity
of the isolated radiation is then measured. The use of a solution spray permits the uniform
distribution of the sample throughout the body of the flame and difficulties associated with an arc or
spark are avoided. A flame photometer is composed of a pressure regulator and flow meter for fuel
gases, an atomizer, a burner, an optical system, a photosensitive detector and the recording output of
the detector 2
Apparatus and Instrumentation
Beaker, Volumetric Flask, pipit, pipette filler, Flame photometer, Graph Paper

Chemical/Solutions

NaCl, KCl, H2O

Procedure

Stock solution

First 100 ppm stock solution were prepared for Na and K ions in 100 mL distilled water by using the
given formula.
Wt in mg = mg X VL x Molar mass of compound
VL Molar mass of cation

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Standard solution
First 100 ppm stock solution standard solution of 4, 8 and 12 ppm were prepared for Na and K using
dilution formula.
C1V1 = C2V2

Stock solution Standard solution

Unknown solution

Unknown solution of a mixture of Na and K were taken from the lab and also tap water solution
Operation
First the instrument was set on, and the pressure of air and fuel was adjusted, and the flame was allowed
to stable for 5 minutes then calibrated with distilled water by rotating the fine knob and keeping the
capillary in blank solution. The emission was set at 0 and then with maximum solution concentration at
100 (keeping in view the max concentration)

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Now first the standard solution for Na and K were run, started from 4 -12 ppm and the reading was
noted. Then solution of unknown was run, and the reading were also noted. A graph emission VS
stranded concentration were plotted, and the emission value of unknown solution was extrapolated,
and the concentration of unknown sample were determined using the graph paer.

172

emission
124

100
81
0
4ppm 8ppm 12 ppm
Concentration

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Calculations
Standard Solution
1000 ppm stock solution in 1000 mL NaCl Prepare 100 ppm from
it as a secondary stock
C1V1 = C2V2
mg
Wt in mg = X VL x Molar mass of compound
VL Molar mass of cation Stock solution Standard solution
1000 mg
Wt in mg = X L x 58.5 gm = 2543.4 mg = 2.54 gm/L = 1000 ppm
L 23 gm 4ppm/50 mL

1000 ppm stock solution in 1000 mL KCl

C1V1 = C2V2
mg 100  V1 = 4  50 mL =
Wt in mg = X VL x Molar mass of compound 2mL/50mL = 2ppm
VL Molar mass of cation
1000 mg 8ppm/50 mL
Wt in mg = X L x 75.5 gm
L
= 1910.2 mg = 1.91 gm/L = 1000 ppm C1V1 = C2V2
39 gm
12ppm/50 mL 100  V1 = 8  50 mL =
C1V1 = C2V2 4mL/50mL = 8ppm
100  V1 = 12  50 mL
= 6mL/50mL = 12ppm 6
Results
S.NO Emission Intensity Concentration (ppm)
10 4
18 8
36 12
14 Unknown (5)

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The concentration of the Unknow

emission

18
the sample is 5 ppm
14
10
5 ppm
0
4ppm 8ppm 12 ppm
Concentration

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