PER DEV COGNITIVE CHANGES

- proposed by Jean Piagel

ELEMENTS OF SELF: - progression of thinking from the way a
Body child does to the way an adult do
- physical appearance 4 Main Areas of Cognitive Development
- posture 1. Sensorimotor Stage (0 to 2 y/o)
- poise 2. Pre-operational Stage (2 to 7 y/o)
Sensation 3. Concrete Operatioal Stage (7 to 11 y/o)
- five sense (hearing,touch,smell,sight,taste) 4. Formal Operational Stage ( 12 y/o and
Thoughts beyond)
- what we think Three Simple Stage of Cognitive
Emotion Development:
- feelings (can be instantaneous and short- 1st Stage - adolescents develop more
term) advanced reasoning skills and become
- emotions (are already there,emotions comes concrete thinkers
first before feelings 2nd Stage - develops the ability to think
- temperament ( prevailing changes of mood) abstractly. They can imagine things not seen
Adolescence nor
- period of transition between childhood and experienced
adulthood 3rd Stage - enables adolescents to think about
thinking(meta-cognition). They can now think
THREE STAGES OF ADOLESCENCE about what they are feeling and how others
1) Early Adolescence (Ages 10-13) perceive them.
- rapid growth PSYCHOLOGICAL OR EMOTIONAL CHANGES
- identity crisis (questioning your role in society) - gradually increasing ability to
- egocentrism (self-centered) perceive,assess,and manage emotions
• id < ego > superego - they become more aware of their feelings
- black and white thinking(good and bad) SOCIAL CHANGES
- in need of privacy - refers to relationship with family,friends,and
2) Middle Adolescence (Ages 14-17) other people
- physical changes from puberty continues - questions "Who am I?" and "Who do I want
- interest in intimate relationship to be?"
- struggle for independence - they pull away from their parents and peer
- maturation of brain continues but not as much groups becomes very important
as an adult think MORAL AND SPIRITUAL CHANGES
3) Late Adolescence (18-21 and beyond) - Morality refers to how people choose to live
- completed physical growth and development their lives
- have more impulse control - in late adolescence, teens are less rebellious
- stronger sense of individuality and they to begin to establish their own
- can identify their own values identity,belief system,and their own place in
- seek stable relationship the world
- emotionally and physically seperated from Puberty:
their family In girls
•breast development
CHANGES IN ADOLESCENCE •menstruation
PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGE In boys
- physical change is the growth of physical body •enlargement of penis and testicles
(i.e hair,bones,muscles) •hair growth in armpits and pubic area
- physiological development refers to•muscle grows,voice deepens,facial hair
body's capacity to increase certain develops
function (ie. stamina)
Self-Management- managing their own •Learning an appropriate sex role.
emotions •Developing skills in
- learning strenght and weaknesses reading,writing,and calculating.
- considering consequences befor acting •Developing concepts necessary for
rashly everyday living.
•Developing conscience,morality,and a
Risky behavior scale of value.
- factors that can influence risky behaviors:
family,peers,socio-economic status,and Adolescence (13 to 18)
immediate •Achieving mature relations with both sexes.
environment •Achieving muscular or feminine social role.
- spending more time with peers can cause •Accepting one's physique.
negative effects on attitude and behavior •Achieving emotional independence of adults.
- friends who have negative attitude has a •Preparing for marriage and family life.
great possibility of you having the same •Preparing for an economic career.
unhealthy •Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide
behaviors behavior.
- rejection may cause low self-esteem and •Desiring and achieving socially responsible
depression behavior.
- this can contribute in engaging in risky
behaviors,such as drinking alcohol,smoking EARLY ADULTHOOD (19 to 30)
•Selecting a mate.
Biological Factors •Learning to live with a partner.
- genes,puberty,hormones •Starting a family.
- it can be linked to higher rate of depression •Rearing children.
and heightened sex drives •Managing a home.
•Starting an occupation.
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK •Assuming civic responsibility.
- refer to the specific
knowledge,skills,attitudes,and functions that MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (30 to 60)
a person need to achieve in •Helping teenage children to become happy and
order to demonstrate particular periods in responsible.
his/her life. •Achieving adult social and civic responsibility.
•Satisfactory career achievement.
INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD (0 to 5) •Developing adult leisure time activities.
•Learning to walk. •Relating to one's spouse as a person.
•Learning to take solid foods. •Accepting physiological changes of middle age.
•Learning to talk. •Adjusting to aging parent.
•Learning sex differences and sexual modesty.
•Acquiring concepts and language to describe LATER MATURITY (61+)
social and physical reality. •Adjusting to decreasing health and strength.
•Readiness for reading. •Adjusting to retirement and reduced income.
•Developing conscience,distinguishing right and •Adjusting to death of spouse.
wrong •Establishing relations with one's own age group.
•Meeting social and civic obligations.
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (6 to 12) •Establishing satisfactory living quarters.
•Learning physical skills necessary for
ordinary games. Culture of Instant Result
•Building a wholesome attitude toward- refers to how modern technology makes it
oneself. easier for people to do things.
•Learning to get along with age mates.
- i.e sending messages through mobile phone.
Materialism
- tendency to consider material possessions and
physicl comfort as more important than spiritual
values.
- it is the desire of having material things.

Status Symbols
- are prestige symbols that tell others that the
owner is of higher status.
- these symbols become the bases of their own
security,being accepted,and their personality.

Tech-savvy
- capability of using modern technologies.
- teenagers are deemed as "digital natives".

Family Structure
- a vital role in shaping the personality of
adolescents.

Self-awarness
- starts with assessing yourself

Introspection
- ability to respect and think about your own
thoughts, feeling, and actions

Robert Havighurst
- a chemist and a physicist; expert on human
development and aging.
- proposed the concept of developmental task