Chapter 2 - Analysis and Design of Beams 81 eT ONE-WAY SLAB Reinforced concrete slabs are large flat plates that are supported at its sides by reinforced concrete beams, walls, columns, steel beams, or by the ground. Ifa slab supported on two opposite sides only, they are referred to a one-way slabs since the bending occurs in one direction only. If the slab is supported on all four sides, it is called two-way slab since the bending occurs in both direction, {fa rectangular slab is supported in all four sides but the long side is two or more times the short side, the slab will, for all practical purposes, act as a one way slab, with bending occurring in the short direction, Figure 2.15: One-way slab on simple support 4 one-way slab is considered as a wide, shallow, rectangular beam, The reinforcing Steel is usually spaced uniformly over its width. One-way slabs are analyzed by Ginsidering one-meter strip, which is assumed independent of the adjacent strips. This method of analysis is somewhat conservative because we neglect the lateral restraint provided by the adjacent strips, MAXIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT According to Section 407.7.5, the flexural reinforcement shall not be spaced farther %part than 3 times the slab thickness, nor 450 mm, SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT, py Concrete shrinks as it hardens. In addition, temperature changes occur that causes pansi stand contraction of concrete. In this effect, the code (407.13) requires that one. rn Where flexural reinforcement extends in one direction only, should be Sinforced fo shrinkage and temperature stresses perpendicular to. flexural meee nt. According to Section 407.13.2.1, the area of shrinkage reinforcement shall tig” 3 least the following ratios of gross concrete area bh, (where h is the slab "#8s) but not less than 0.0014, Scanned with CamScannerChapter 2 - Analysts and Design of Beany 5 deformed bars are used... Sy, Where Grades 230 & 275 : a w Where Grade 415 deformed bars or welded wire 0029 10014 rose fabric (plain or deformed) are use o ne Peinforcement with f > 415 MPa measured at OB x15 | y i ure reinforcement may not be spaced not farther apart thang. tion 407.13.2.2) : yield strain of 0.35% are used... Shrinkage and temperat times the slab thickness, nor 450 mm (Sec STEPS IN THE DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS (FLEXURE) |. Identify the uniform floor pressure (Pa) to be carried by the slab. This a may consist of: 1) Live load pressure 2) Dead load pressure 3) Ceiling load and other attachments below the slab Il. Determine the minimum slab thickness “h” from Table 2.1. If necessate adjust this value depending on your judgment. TIL Compute the weight of slab (Pa) Weight = Yeoue XH IV. Calculate the factored moment (Mu) to be carried by the slab. Uniform load, wa = Factored pressure x 1m V. Compute the effective depth, d: d= h- covering (usually 20 mm) - % (main bar diameter) VI. Compute the required steel ratio p: Solve for Ra from Mu= 6 Ra bd? where b= 1000 mm 2k, | oasr, Solve for pax and pin {fis less than max and Breater than Pain, use p fis greater than pan, increase the depth of slab to ensure ductile failure Mp is less than pra, use p Cony ‘om pute the required main bar spacing: Pbd=p(1000)d > pbh = Pain VIL 5 A Spacing, S;= Aww. a * 1000 4 Scanned with CamScannerChapter 2 - Analysis and Design of Beams 83 Use the small t of the following for the main bar spacing: b) 3xh ) 450mm Vill. Temperature bars: See Page 81 for the required steel ratio, px As=prbh A Se= —™ x 1000 re Use the smallest of the followin, a) & b) Sxh 3) 450mm 8 for temperature bar spacing: ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS PROBLEM 2.26 Design a one-way slab having a simple span of 3 m. The slab is to carry a uniform live load of 7,500 Pa. Assume fc = 27.6 MPa and fy’= 276 MPa for main. and temperature bars. The slab is not exposed to earth or weather. Use unit: ‘weight of concrete ye = 23.5 kN/m’, : : 4 SOLUTION Consider 1 m strip of slab, b = 1000 mm Uniform live load, w. = 7.5 kPa x 1 m= 7.5 kN/m. Minimum stab thickness from Table 2.1: L ( is _ 3000 04s 76) hase = 5 [O44 hnin= Sy [O44 Dimin = 119 mm (use 120 mm) F covers v2 Effective depth: YOmmtembae | 12 mn main bars Scanned with CamScannerchapter 2 - Analysis and Desig, ,, y, bar diameter (12 mm) d= 120 ~ 20 mm (covering) ~ d=94mm Weight of slab: or 23.5(1)(0.12) Ws = Yoon Xb .82 KN/m Factored floor pressure load: Wo = 14s +1.7 we A(2.82) + 1.7(7.5) wu = 16.698 kN/m _ 16.698(3)" My= Mu = 18.785 kN-m w,U 8 Mu=ORsba@ 18.785 x 108 = 0.90 Rx (1000)(94)2 Ry = 2.362 MPa p= 2850276) [1 22362) 276 | 0.85(27.6) = 0.009039 Check for Pmin and Pmax: Pmin= = =0,00507 OK y Pax = 0.75 2-85f'.B,600 Prax = 0.75 9:85(27.6)(0.85}600 £,(600+6,) 276(600+276) Pmax = 0.037 > 0.009039 (OK) As= pbd As = 0.009039(1000)(94) = 850 mn? per meter width of slab Using 12-mm main bars: Spacing, s = Aue 1999 - hazy A 850 $= 138 mm say 135 mm Maximum spacing re quired by the Cod, a) 3h) = 3(120) = wer 5) 450mm s «1000 Scanned with CamScannerChapter 2 - Analysis and Design of Beams 85 Thus, use 12 mm main bars at 135 mm o.c. Teinperature bars: (Grade 275) A.=0.002bh Ax = 0.002(1000)(120) ‘Ac= 240 mm? Au (oy cing = "= x 1000 +t Spacing An x10 zag * 1000 8 = 327 mm say 325 mm Maximum spacing required by the Code: a) 5h=5(120)=600mm b) 450mm 0K Thus, use 10 mm temperature bars at 325 mm o., {ommm temperature 12mm main bars ars @ 325 mm oc. @ 135 mmo, PROBLEM 2.27 ja.one-way slab to carry a service live load of 4000 Pa, The slab has a length “964 nt with both ends continuous. Assume f= 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa for main | bars and f, = 276 MPa for temperature bars. Steel cover is 20 mm, Unit weight of | is 23.5 N/m? SOLUTION Consider 1m strip, b = 1000 mm. Uniform live load, wi = 4 kPa x 1m = 4 kN/m Minimum slab thickness from Table 2.1: L 4000 bhnin = eee 28 h 28 . houn = 143 mm (use 150 mm) Scanned with CamScannernalysis and Design A Weight of beam (DL): ' vneyouxbeh y= 3.525 KPa wy = 1.4(3.525) + 1.7(4) Wee 14 wot LAWL we t735 KN/m Maximum factored moment, Section 408.4 (See Page 29) LL<3DL Column i column Column i. wise whing wens White ~ Lia b= +L Effective depth, d = 150 ~ 20 ~ Bective depth, d= 124mm 22) At-nidspan: My= Mob? we My= 247354 Mu= OR bdz 11.73 1.735 x 106 = 0.90 Ry = 0.90 Ra(1000)(124) Ru= 0.848 MPa ceca p= 28821) |, [2088] ais. [fyi 0.85(21) | = 0.0021 1 Prnig = f = 0.003375 0.0021 Use ps Paw = 0.00397 Scanned with CamScannerchapter 2 ~ Analysis aud Design of Beams: .00337(1000)(124) 8 mmz 32 s 418 $= 271 say 270 mm *« 1000 Maximum spacing required by the Code: a) 3h=3(150)= 450mm b) 450mm ‘Thus, use 12 mm bottom bars at 270 mm o.c. at midspan At support: Me wh? 735(4)° 10 Ma = 18.776 kN-m Mu @ Ra bd? 18.776 x 105 = 0.90 Ra (1000)(124)2 Rn = 1.357 MPa p = 2:85(21) |, _ f 20357) ~ 4S 0.85(21) = 0.0034 > pain a 0.85f',8,600 £,(600+5) 415(600+415) . Pmax = 0.0162 > 0.0034 se = 0,75 2:85(21)(0.85}600 pmax = 0: Pe Use p = 0.0034 ‘As=pbd As = 0.0034(1000)(124) As= 422 mm? A, ~ 102% Spacing s= 7#%1000 = 47> x 1000 Spacing = 268 say 265 mm Thus, use 12 mm top bars @ 265 mm o.c. at support Scanned with CamScanner~~) {| Temperature bars (10 mm): (1 A,=0.002bh =(1077 A, _ $20) spacing,s= 42% 1000 $= so 1000 s=261 say 260 mm Maximum spacing required by the Code: a) Sh=5(150) = 750 mm Aa b) 450mm Thus, use 10 mm temperature bars @ 260 mm oc, 10mmtemperature a bars @ 260 mm oc, 12. mm main bars @265mmo.. 4 Fy SOLUTION Consider 1m strip of slab, b = 1000 m: Dead load: a Effective depth: d= 160-29 - d= 134mm (12) Scanned with CamScanneroA P* bd _ 0.85f';B,600 ¥,(600+8,) Ro=fe@ (10.590) @Rab d2 we 78 Wu= 1.4 wow + 1.7 wi “Wu, = Uniform pressure x b As = 807.8 mm? . _ 807.8 1000(134) = 0.006028 0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600) 275(600+275) P» = 0.037 > p (steel yields) po= = 2.006028(275) 207 = 0.08009 Re = 20.7(0.0801)f1 - 0.59(0.0801)] Rn= 1.58 MPa Mu= .90(1.58)(1000)(134)2 Mu= 5.5334 kKN-m 2 25.5334 = =r Wu = 22.696 KN/m 22.696 = 1.4(3.76) + 1.7 wi wi = 10.25 KN/m “+ - 10.25 = Uniform pressure x 1 Uniform live load pressure = 10.25 kPa Scanned with CamScanner