MACROCOSM AND MICROCOSM

O R, TIIB'

UNIVERSE WITHOUT AND THE UNIVERSE WITHIN

B EIN G

AN U N F OL D IN G O F T H E PL AN OF C R E AT I O N AN D T H E C O R R E SPON D '

EN C E O F T RU T H S , B OTH IN

THE WORLD OF SENSE AND THE WORL D OF SOUL .

Kn Em u 39m m .

BY W IL L I AM IS H B O U G H
FI
.

PART I .

THE M ACROC OSM ; OR, THE UN I VERSE W ITHOUT .

N at u ha rp of nu nT m " n e w “ s t rl n
re i s a gs ,
O nw lu c h , b y G o d s o w nh a nd 18 ge nt ly p la v ed
'
,

The e v e r- v a ne d m u sw of the s p he re s.

N EW Y O RK ‘

F O W L ER S AN D W EL L S , PU B L I S H ER S ,
CL INTON HALL , 1 31 NASSAU S TREET .

Bosto n 1 4 2 W ngt o ns t ) I L o u don 4 8tr an

, No 1 2
d
'

as h i
1 85 2
- . .
. fl
fl
 Entered , accord i ng to Act of C ng
o ress, i nth e y ear 1 852, by
WILLIAM F ISHB OU G H,

inth e Cl er k s Ofli ce of th e D istri ct Co

’
u rt of th e Uni t d St t
e a es for th e S ou D
th ern istri c t
of N ew Y kor .

201 Willi am St
ree t, N . Y
.
 PREF AC E .

IN su b m i tti ng th e a c com p
nyi ng Tr ea ti s e to th e pu bl i c i t m ay b e
a ,

r ep er to pr ec e d e i t b y a few fa c ts a n r em a r k s r el a ti v e t o i ts or i i n
'

p d g ,

l an an d u r pos e In t h e s u m m er of 1 849 on r e ti r i n fr om th e e d i
p , p .
, g
t or i al c h a r ge of a P hi l osophi c a l J ou r n al th e w r i ter a n
, nou nc ed h i s
i ntenti on t o pr ep a r e and p u b l i sh as s oon a s c onv eni ent a w or k on
, ,

P sy c hol ogy — a su bj ec t then as now e x ci ti ng m u ch i nter est am ong a

, , .

c l ass of r e a d er s w i th w h om h e h a d b een h ol d i ng w eek l y c om m u ni on .

A m anu sc r i pt of su ch a w or k w a s d u r i ng the few ensu i ng m onth s

, ,

near l y fi ni sh ed ; b u t v ar i ou s c i r c u m s ta nc es and c ons i d er a ti ons ar ose to

pr ev ent i ts pu bl ic ati on am ong the chi ef of w hich w er e fi r s t th at w i th
, , ,

th e m a ter i a l s of psy ch ol og i c a l s c i en ce th enu n fol d ed I fou nd i t i m p g s

,

S i bl e to b r i n g th e w o r k t o a d es i r e d s t a te o f p e r f e c t i o n ; a n d s e c on d ly , ,

th a t fa c ts a n d pr i nc ipl es s u ch I w a s then a bl e on l y to s et for th w er e

, , ,

a l r ea d y r a p i d l y for c i n g t h e m se l v es i n to g e n e r a l n o t i ce i n a n othe r w ay .

I conc l u d ed th er efor e to a w a i t the u nfol d i ng of fu r th er l ig h t u p ona

, ,

su bj e c t of w hi c h a t th a t t i m e n
, o on , e c ou l d c la i m m or e t h a n a v e r y
.

s u per fi c i l k n ow l ed g e a n d to pos tp one t h e pu bl i c a ti on of th e r es u l ts

a ,

of m y i n v es ti g a ti on s u n ti l th ey w er e fu r th er m a tu r ed an d u nti l t h e
,

s ta te of th e p u bl i c m i n d u ponq u esti on
, s to w hi c h t hey r el a te d g a v e a ,

fa i r i nd i c a ti onth at som e pa r ti c u l a r u se not accom pl ish ed b y oth er d c

,

v elop m en ts m i gh t b e poss i bl y s u b ser v ed i nsu b m i tti n

. g th e m to g en e r al

p e r u sa l . T h e s e s t a te m e n ts i n v o l v e a n e x p l a n a t i o n a n d ap ol o
gy t o a

lar g e p or ti onof m y for m er r ead er s w h o as I l ea r n fel t d is app oi nted

, , ,

a t th e n on a p p ear an
-
ce of t h e a n nou nced pu bl ica ti ona t the ti m e i t w as
e x p ec te d a n , d w h ose l etter s of i nq u i r y r esp ec ti n g i t I h a v e i n s o m e ,

i nsta nces be en , r e l u c ta n tl y c om p ell e d t ol e a v e u n an sw er ed .

As i nv es ti g a ti ons h av e b een c onti nu e d u pon t h e gr ea t su bj ect of

P sy ch ol ogy tog ether w i th i ts c ognate and sti ll h igh er th em es i t h as
, , ,

of c ou r s e g r e a tl y e x pan
, d e d ; u nti l i n th e asp ec t w hi c h t h e q u es
,

ti onfi nall y as su m ed i t w as p er c ei v ed to b e i m p ossi bl e to g i v e an

, y ade
q u ate exposi ti onof th e
g r e a t r e a l m o f b e i n g w i th i n m a n , w i th o u t the
IV PREF AC E .

a i d of som e m ore e nl ar ged , sy stem a ti c , a nd i nter i or ex pos i ti o nth anany

w h i ch w as y et ge ner a ll y e x tant , b ei ng w i thou t
of th e gr ea t l
r ea m of ,

w h i ch ser v es t o th e for m er a s a na tu r al c ou n ter par t an d e x ponent .

F e el i ng th er efor e anem b ar r assm ent a t th e th ou ght of w r i ti ng u pon

, ,

th e i nter i or c on s ti tu ti on l aw s a n d s u scep ti ldli ti es of m a n w i th ou t th e

, , ,

c om pr eh en s i v e b a s i s of a g en er al m a te r i a l p h i l osophy s o u n i v er s a ll y
h a r m oni z ed a n d c om p ac ted a s t o b r i ng na tu r e w i th ou t i nto th e oh
,

v i cu s an al ogy of a si n l u m an b ein n d h u s in a n as p ec t i n
‘

g e h g a t t o ,

w h i ch i t m i g h t b e con s ta n tl y d r a w nu ponfor c om par i son s an d i llfis tr a

t i on s I a cc or d in
, g l y d e t erm in e d t o p r eced e m y pr opos ed a n th r op ol og i c a l

Tr eati s e b y a g ener a l d i s q u i s i ti on u pon th e r ea l m of ex t er i or b ei ng ,

w hi ch I h a v e c a ll e d th e
“ M Ac noc osm ”
i n c ontr adi s ti ncti on t o the ,

h u m an phy s i ca l and p sy ch i ca l c on s ti tu ti on w hi c h I h a v e c a ll ed th e ,

B oth Tr ea ti s es w er e a t fi r s t d esi gned to b e su b m i tte d

”
M c a oc os m
i .
, ,

i non v ol u m e ; b u t as i t w as pe r c ei v ed th a t eac h w ou l d em b r a c e a su b
e

j cet w hi ch i s c om pl ete i ni tsel f th ou gh i nti m atel y connec ted w i th the ,

oth er i t w a s fi n
, all y d eterm i n ed t o i ssu e th em s e a r a te l y
p .

Inspe ak i ng b r i efly of th e fu r th er obj ec ts a nd g ener a l pl anof th e pr es

en t w or k I w i ll pr em i s e t h a t th e w h ol e r e al m of c r e a t ed b ei n
, g na tu r a l , ,

s c h o l og i c a l an d e v en Spi r i tu a l for m s ( a t l e as t i nth e gen e r a l se n se)

p y , ,

on e p er fec tl y u n i te d Sy s tem c onsi s tent a nd h ar m oni ou s i nall i ts pa r ts

,

a nd i nter a c ti v i ti es To th i s p r oposi ti onth e r e as onand i ntu i ti onof ev er y

.

w e ll c on-
sti t u t ed h u m a n m i n d r es p onds a n i n s ta nt a ssen t B u t a r el i .

a bl e c on c epti onof th e u n i v er sa l p la n of thi s c om pl e x u ni ty of c r ea te d

b ei ng h a s h i th er to u n
, d eni a bl y b een a gr and d esi d er a tu m of phi l os
op h y ; a n d r e as oni ng su per fi c i a ll y onl y fr om th e obj ec ts w h i c h c om e
,

w i th i nth e sc op e of th e fiv e e x te r i or s en ses a n d w i th ou t th e a i d of a ny ,

g r and fu nd a m enta l a nd i nter i or P r i nc i pl e to c onnect a n d h arm oni ze a ll

t hi n gs i nse r i a l a nd g r a d u a ted or d er s fr om th e com m onpr i m a r y c a u se
, ,

t o u l ti m a te e ffec ts — m enh a v e c h er i sh ed theor i es e v er c on fli c ti ng ev er ,

v ar y i n g a nd necessar i l y ev er d i sfi gu r ed m or e or l ess w i th essenti a l

, , ,

e r r or s a n d i m p er fec ti ons I h av e v entu r e d to h ope th a t thi s d efec t i n

.

th e m od e of p h i l osoph i zi n g m i gh t p r ov e to b e i nsom e good d egr ee su p

pl i ed b y a d i scov er y the fu nd am enta l pri ncipl es of w hi ch c am e i nto
,

m y m in d s om e fo ur y ea r s a g o i na m anner qu i te ex tr aor di nar y b u t of

, ,

k
w h i ch I need not now sp e a p ar ti cu l ar l y This di sc ov er y w hi ch I h av e .
,

c all ed “ the la w of the s ev enf old c or r esp ond enti a l s er i es -

”
or the ,

ha r m oni a l s ca le of cr ea ti on i s to som e e x ten

”
t, u n fol d ed and
, ,
 PREFACE .
V

a ppli ed i nthe nt v ol u m e thou gh b u t a sm a ll por ti onof the ev i

p r ese ,

d enc es of i ts tr u th and th e i n
, s ta nces of i ts a p pl i c a b i l i ty a r e h er ein ,

e x hib i ted .

n i d ea b r a c ed i n th e d i s c ov er y
‘

The m ai em r efer r ed to i s , th a t e a ch
'

com pl ete syste m , or su b -

sy st em of c r e a ti o n h ow ev er gre a t or sm a ll i s
, ,

l bl e into sev ens er i a l par ts or e l em

r eso v a ent a l d egr e es c or r espond i n
,g
to th e s ev ennotes of the d i a toni c sc a l e ; th a t , a s c om p
os ed of s u c h p a rt s ;

th e sys tem s ng ed si d e b y si d e or one a b ov e a noth er a s so

ar e ar r a , ,

m an y o c ta v es c or r e s p on, di ng t o t h e oc t a v e s i n m u si c ; a n d t h at l i e ,
k
th em ea ch on
, e s er v es a s a g en er a l e x p on en t of a ll th e oth e r s w h et h er ,

ona hi g h er or l ow er sc a l e Thi s i d e a w i th i ts na tu r a l a dj u nc ts of
.
, ,

w h i ch I c a nn ot h er e sp ea p a r t i c k
u l a r l y b y h a r m on i z i ng a n d u
, ni ti zi n
g
a ll n a tu r a l S er i es a n d d egr e es of c r ea ti on a l s o c l e ar l y i ll u s tr a t es th e ,

fa c t tha t a ll tr u ths ar e i nv ol v e d i n a nd e v ol v e d fr om one gr a nd c en , ,

t r a l Tr u th ; th a t th ey ar e i nd ee d b u t p a r ts an , d d eg r ees of th a t one
,

fu nd am ental tr u th w hi ch ar e u l ti m a ted i n the v ar i ou s for m s of em

,

b od i m ent w h i ch c om p ose th e su m tota l of c r e ated e x i s tenc e By pu r .

su i n g th e m e th o d o f r e as o ni ng w h i c h t hi s i d e a u n fol d s I h a v e en d e av ,

or ed to m a e on k e por ti onof th e s st em of n
y a tu re e x p os e th e s e c re ts of

an oth er an , d c au s ed v i si bl e fa c ts a nd i nv i si bl e pr i ncip l es to m u tu a l l y
c as t th ei r l i gh t u p on e a c h oth er .

Tha t thi s m e th od m i gh t b e pu r su ed i nth e m os t r el i a bl e m a n ner oh ,

ser v a t i on s a r e c om m en c ed u p on th e su rf a c e of th e sy stem of t h i n g s ,

c om p osed of th ose obj ec ts w hi ch ar e appr e c i a bl e to th e ou ter sen s es ,

an , k
d thence b y fac ts now n par ti c u l ar l y to g eol ogi c al a nd a s tr onom i
c a l sc i en c e I h a v e en
, d e a v or ed to r a ti ona ll y tr a c e th e sys tem of ou ter
b e i ng to i ts or i gin to th e p r i m a l c ond i ti onof i ts m a ter i a l s a nd t o i ts
, ,

D i v i ne C a u se Assu m i ng thu s a p osi ti on a t th e c enter of th e u ni

.
, ,

v er s a l fi el d of th ou gh t w h er e all p r i n , c ip l e s c on v er ge to a c om m on

foc u s I h av e end e av or ed to s u r v ey s o far a s p ossi bl e th e v i s ta s of

, , ,

cr e a ti v e d ev e l op m en t w hi ch th en c e d i v e r g e i n all di r ec ti on s an d to ,

ob s er v e t r u th i n i ts p r ogr es si v e s e r i a l a n d or d er l y u nfol d i ngs fr om

, , ,

c en ter to su p er fic es fr om ge n er a l s t o p a r ti c u l a r s fr om c au ses to effec ts ,

, ,

fr om or i gi n s to u l ti m ates F i nd i ng a t thi s c entr al p osi ti on th e p r i nci

.
,

p l es a n d g er m s of g en e r a l u n i ty a n d s y s t em a ti c or d er w h i c h m u s t of ,

necess i ty b e p er petu al th r ou gh ou t all su b s equ ent u nfol d i ngs I h av e ,

a t tem p te d thr ou gh a u n
, i tar y and sy s tem a ti c or d er of c om b i ned anal y si s
a n
d sy nth esis , to sh ow how the sy stem of cr eati o n m u st hav e b een
VI P R E F AC E .

gr a d u a ll y u nfol ded i nto i ts pr esent for m and to i ll u str a te the b ar m o ,

ni ons p i nc i pl es for m s m ov em ents l a w s a nd i nter ac ti v i ti es w h i ch

r , , , ,

now c h r ac te r i z e i t a s a w h ol e a nd i nall i ts p ar ts
a .

I t h a s th s b eenth e obj ec t to d r a w th e b ol d ou t l i nes of a c om p r eh en

u

s i v e pr i or di a l phi l os ophy a n
m d to c ont i b u te so far as possi bl e to th e
, r , ,

e s ta bl i shm e n t of a sy s tem of th ou gh t i nw h i ch a ll t r th s m ay b e v i ew ed ,
u

i nth ei r s e i a l or d er ly a nd m u tu lly e p la na to y r el a ti ons fr om g en

r , , a x r ,

er a ls to pa r ti c u l a r s — a sy s tem w h os e i n ter n al v i ta l i i n g p r in ci p l e w i ll , z

c on s ta n tl y t e nd to the a b s or pti onof a ll tr u th s a nd th e e l i m i na ti onof ,

a ll err or s i nth e s a m e w a y i nw hi c h th e pr i n
, c i p l es of m u si c c on Sta ntly
t end t o th e appr opr i a ti onof h a r m oni es and t he e l i m i na ti onof d i sc or d s , .

If I h a v e s ccee d ed ev ent o th e e x tent of u nfol d i n

u
g w i th g en er a l cor ,

r ec tn es s th e m os t g ene a l p i n
, c ipl e s of su c h a p hi l os oph y th e su r e
r r ,

g i d e b oa d s and i nd i c es to s om e thi n
u r v a s t l y m o r e e r fe c t o f t h e s am e

k i nd m ay b e cons i d e r ed a s esta bl ish ed ; a nd th e k

g p
-

ey to a ll c on c ei v a bl e

t r u th w h e th er r el a t i n
, g to na t r e w i th ou t th e so l w i thi n th e Spi r i t
u , u ,

w or l d a b ov e or t o th e D i v i n, e Au th or a n d G ov er nor of a ll thi ngs m ay , ,

i ns om ns e he c onsi d e r ed as i nou r p oss ess m n; for no one c ane ss en

e se ,

t i ally e r r i nr eg ar d to e i th er of th es e s u bj ec ts s o l on g as h e s tan ds in ,

t h e l i gh t of a sy s tem w h i ch m a e s a ll tr u th s th e c l ea r a n kd c er tai nex

p o nen te of e a c h oth er .

I w ou l d i nv i te p a r ti c u l a r a ttenti on to th a t fea tu r e of th e pr e sen

'

t
v ol u m e b y w h i ch t h e fu n
, d a m enta l s of a n el ev a te d th eol og y a r e p r e
ser v e d a n d es ta bl i sh ed u p on th e v er y b as i s of th os e fa c ts i ns ci en ce

w h i ch h a v e b eenth ou gh t to b e r a th er pa n th ei s ti c i nth ei r i n ti m a ti on s .

F oll ow i ng a s i t d oes i n s om e r espec ts a c om par a ti v el y u nb ea ten

, , ,
‘

path thi s Tr ea ti se c an not of cou r s e r ea sona bl y cl ai m enti r e ex em p

, , ,

t i onfr om er r or s a n d i m per fec ti ons S u ch a s i t i s h ow ev er i t i s r e

.
, ,

s p e c tfu lly s u b m i tted to a c a n d i d and d i sc er nin g p u bl i c w i th th e h ep e ,

th a t an y c r i ti c i s m i t m ay e x c i te m ay not b e e x c l u si v e l y d es tr u ct i v e b u t ,

i ns om e d egr ee a l so cons tr u c ti v e— tha t i t m ay not only e x pose er r or s

an d i m p e r fec ti on s ( w h i ch sh ou l d b e fai thfu ll
y d one) b u t su gges t i m ,

p r ov em e nts — so th a t b y th e c om b i ned i nte ll ig enc e of m any, s om e

l
c oser a pp x i m
ns t o th e tr u th m ay b e m a d e th a nI d ar e pr esu m e
ro a ti o

to h av e y et a t ta i ned notw i th s tand i n th e d e r ee of c on

g ,
g fi d ence I m ay
h a v e i nthe g e ner a l c or r ec tn ess of t h e m e th od w hi ch h as b een u r
p
su ed a n d the r es u l ts to w hi c h i t h a s c ond u c ed W F
'

, . . .

WI L L I AM S B U R G H , S ep tem b er 7 th, 1 85 2 .
 C ON TEN TS .

C H AP TE R I .

THE C O GNIZA B L E AND TH E C O GNI ZING .

Inn —Cer ou rse to be P u rsu ed

C H AP TE R II .

DES C E N D IN G
OF TE RREST RIAL F O RM S SC A LE .

Th The King d m —G l g i l F
r ee ti n—D
o Snt th gh th St t —Alm i a
eo o ca orm a o s esce r ou e ra a er ,

D ih i l T ti y S
ev a nd y nd Eer i ti n F
ar ti n—Thi k n
ec o f St t
ar a m o orm a o s c ess o r a a.
—Si p li i ty f Old F i l —P i y R k —O i ginl Fl i d i ty f H t—P
, , ,

m c o er oss s r m ar oc s r a u rom ea res .

nt S t t f th E th C ent —P i i ti S t t f th E th M t i l
'

e a e o e ar
’
s 14
er i
-
r m ve a e o e ar
’
s a er a s .

C H AP TE R III .

THE NA T U RAL H I ST ORY O F TH E S OLAR S Y STE M ANALOGI C ALLY

R ETRA UED .

y—i t C n
Th eor s o ce p ti o nby H er sc h e l— N b l e u ou sS ta rs— F u rth er P roofs of th e Th eor y
—Obl t ly Sp h
a e eroid a lF or m s a nd th e i r S i gni ficati on i— G ra d ati o nof nsi ti es—Re
D e

N M Z d i l Li ght —C om ets— C C al cu l a ti on s— Ki r k
si d u a l eb u lou s ”
a tte r
’
o aca om te
p s
w ood s
’
L aw —Th e C nl o c u si o n 22

C H APTE R I V .

THE NA T U RAL H I ST O RY OF S IDE R E AL U NIVERS E

TH E AN AL O G I
C ALLY ET RA G B ED .

Stars are Su ns Ohi ster s—Jl h e-

a e
‘
e a v e s ouMil ky W y—Th H n S nd d — Cl
e u ste rs be y ond
C
lu sters—Th eir Sh ap es and D ensi ties—Gr av i ta ti oni nd i c ated —Proof of oth er Law s
—V ari able Stars—Rev olv i ng D ou ble Stars—Im m ense Per iod s of som e of th em
Uni v ersali ty of Rev olu ti onary Moti on— M oti onof th e w h ole Solar System —M ae dler s ’

C
en tr al Su n—S till h i gh er Sy ste m s—“M agellans lou d s”—Th e System of all S ys l ’
C -

tem s — Th e I n n fi
i te a nd th e In fin i te sirnal— Ne bu l ar Th eory u ni v er sall y Ap p li ed

C H AP TE R V .

MATE RIAL B E GINNING S AS P OIN T IN G TO A S U PE R MA TE RIAL C AUS E -

.

M tte Phy i l S b t n n t Et n l—L gi c l E i d n f Sp i i t l C

a r , as s ca u s a ce, o er a o a v e ce s o a r ua au se

Th t th i Sp i t l C
a s Un d P n l nd D I —M tt F d f
ir ua au se w as cau se e rso a a IV N E a er orm e rom

Sp i i t l S b t n —M ti nn t Inh nt i nM tt —M t h i t O igininSp i i t
, ,

r ua u s a ce o o o ere a er us av e s r r
V11 1 C O NTENTS .

C H AP TE R V I .

P RIN C I P L ES OF U NIVE R S AL S YN T H ES I S .

Pr ti bili ty f Synth i —Eff t nt in d i nC —M t i l G

ac ca o a es s nd th irec s co a e au ses a er a e rm s a e

D l p nt —Uni
ev e o m e l M t i l ty nd Infi ni t Sp i it— R l ti n f S i n
s v e rsa a er a i a e r ec a m a o o c e ce

f
rom P nth ti T nd n i —D i in Th gh t A h typ —Th y f C ti n
a ei s c e e c es v e ou s as rc e es eor o r ea o

th n d d
e i bl —Wh t M n
ce e uc y k ne n n i ng G od —Th
a S n Sp i i t f
a m a ow co cer e ev e r s o

G d —C
o
” ti n h n S re a nf ld — Uni
o s l C p nd n Th H
e ce e ve ni l o v ersa o rr es o e ce s- e a rm o a

S a l f Cr ti n nd g
c e o tM i l O g n
ea o —Th Ti b
, a nd th T p l
r ea 51u s ca r a e m ers a e em e

C H AP TE R VII .

THE SE V E N F U N D AM E N T AL LAW S AN D T H E IR IN T IMA T ION S ,

RE
SPE C T ING H ORIGIN AN ST R U C T U R E OF THE U NIVE R SE
T E D .

Pi
r m or d i a lM atte r —Ori ginof M ti o o n—I ts Sev en aw s— i v i ne L D
L H t nd E ov e , ea , a x

PAN S I ON — Di v ineWi d s om , Li gh t , and TTRAC TI ON —ori gi nof

A C nt l S n—O igin e ra u r

of Rotar yM oti o n—E n ti m a a on—L a w oi

‘

Cm C U L ATI ON —L f A GG G T —C
aw o RE A I ON OD

ce ntri c Nb e u l ou s Ri ngs —Their Exi sti ng A nalogu es —L f S G GAT —S g

aw o E RE I ON e le
‘

ga ted M asses —S te llar Cl u s te rs for m ed from th ese -

C nfi t y C l ti l Ap p
o r m a or e es a ear

a nces —I m m ensi ty of Cr ea ti o A
n— nal ogy of As te ro i d —G n l F
s ti n f S n
e era orm a o o ce e

65

CH AP TE R VIII .

THE SE V E N D YNAMI C AG E N TS O R P O TE N T IAL M ED IA OF NA T UR E , .

H Li gh nd El i i y—A C p nd ing T ini y In d —P d by R i h n

e a t, t, a ec tr c t orres o r t ferre r ov e e c e

b h Exp i n —Fl
ac
’
s f M gn C y l
e r m e ts —S n C l f h i
am es rom a e ts, r sta s, e tc ev e o ors o t e r

l i g h t— Ex lp a i ns th e Au r or a B or ea li s— e a t nfe rre d — E the r ea l Em a na ti ons, and H I

th e ir S i nl O
gu a r Efiec ts H d i e
” e
'

at,
a nd i ts O ffices i
d c ” i gh t, and i ts Offices O L
“Od i e” u ra and i ts Office s—Th e atter a ni v ersa S m ath eti c
A L di — Its U l y M
, p e u m

I d nti ty i th “Ani l M gn t
e w m a a e i sm
” —M d i e u m of Di vi ne A ti
c on—D i v i ne Em b odi
m e nt—D i tin ti nb t nN t
s c o e w ee a u re a nd God . 91

C H AP TE R IX .

DE F E C TS OF P R E VAILING C O S MOLOGI C AL T H E ORI ES .

N t n I d f P i y I p l —Of C nt if g l nd C nt ip t l F
ew o
’
s ea o a r m ar m u se e r u a a e r e a or ces —Di in
cu lti es inresp ec t to th e S ta i i t bl y of th e S y t —Th
s em eir So l u ti on L l
— i fe essness of N ew
tons
’
Sy t s em —It is a D a ng erou s 1 18

C H AP TE R X .

GRO UN DS OF ST AB ILI T Y G E N E RAL E C ONOMY OF THE C O S MI

AN D
C AL ST R U C T U R E .

N ew Th eor yP rop ou nd e d —q t ti n kl jf f th Sy t —N V i ty in Sp
s ra o fi e o e s em o ac u a ce

Eqili b u ri u m —B ecu p era ti F ve t orce, e c. 119

 CO NTENTS . 1X

C H AP TE R XI .

PAR T I C ULAR C ON S I DE RAT ION S C ON C E RNING G E N ES IS AN D TH E

MO D U S O PE RAN D I O F TH E S OLAR S Y STE M .

Th S l
e nd th Uni
o ar a l S y t —O igi n f C t —Th Z d i l Li ght
e v ersa s em s r o om e s e o a ca .

C H AP TE R XII .

S YN T H ET I C AL VI EW OF THE ORIGIN O F THE E AR T H AN D I TS ,

G E OLOGI C AL FORMA T ION S .

S nSt g f P g e —Th O
ev e a es o S A —N l ti n f E th nd M n
ro r ss e u orrc
'
T GE u c ea o o ar a oo
P l Op p iti n—Anl gy f B i n y S t ll Sy t —C
.

o ar os o a o nEth
o l En l p
ar e ar s em s om m o ere a ve o e

Efi t nS n b l i t t —C nC nt — M d i fi d Th y f Ti d —S
'
-
ec s o om am u s s, e a om m o e er o e eor o es mo
ON DST G —TH STAG —F TH S —At p h i C nd ti n—E ly S n y
A E IRD E OU R TAG E m os er c o i o s ar ce er

D i b d —F
esc r e S TAG —N R d S nd t n—F t k Bi d t k t
m E ew e a s o e ros m ar
-
s, r -
ra c s, e c .

D i i ty f S n—M p i l —e S
v ers o e aso s —In g ni nd O g ni P g
arsu a s m
'
m e ar or a c a r a c r o ress

1 31

C H AP TE R XIII .

THE G E OLOGI C AL AN D TH E MO S AI C R E V E LA T ION S .

nd ce—P r inci p le s of I nte rp r e ta ti on Mean

— in —Work of First D ay
”
i en f D
—
a Sc g o a y
—S eco nd D ay—Thi r d D ay—F ou rth D a y— F ifth D ay—S i xth D ay S abbati c Peri od
1 48

C H APTE R XIV
TH E MIN E RAL K ING D OM OR ,
THE K ING D OM OF C H E MI C AL FORM S .

1 69

C H AP TE R XV .

THE V E G ET A B L E K ING D OM .

C H AP TE R X VI .

THE ANIMAL KING D OM .

C H AP TE R XVII .

THE W H OL E AN D I TS P AR TS .

Gn l
e era s a nd P arti cu at el —Com p rehe nsi v e C lassifica ti on— Ill u strati o n by Pi
r sm ati c

1 71

C HAP TE R XVIII .

D U ALI S M OF P RO D U C TIV E FOR C ES OR THE D IA ST OLE AN D SYST OLE ,

O F NA T U R E .

Th e Tw o F u nd am nt l F
e a —E m in th C
orcee i l Min l V g t bl
xam nd es e osm ca , era , e e a e, a
X CO NTENTS .

CHAP TE R XIX .

C IR CL ES .

The P inip l
r c e of th e Ci l rc e ap p li cabl e to all Th i ngs— Wh eels w ithi n Wheels—The
M achi ne not Self p rop elling
-
1 94

CHAP TE R XX .

THE D O C T RIN E OF DE GR EE S .

CH AP TE R XXI .

THE D O C T RIN E OF C ORR ESP ON DE N C ES .

THE D O C T RIN E OF P ROGR ESS IV E DE VE L OP M E N T .

d enta l O g n—An l gy
r a s a o of H um a n F oetal and Z ol gi l D l
o o ca e v e op m e nts —Th y eor

21 1

CH AP TE R XXIII .

F URTHER V IE W OF THE S Y STE M or V FORM S

LI IN G ,
Es S U GG EST
I N G I TS MO DE O DE V E LO P M E N T
F .

L
P
Their rogress an d S ignifican
P l
Th e i ght of ou r h i osop h — rogressi on and
ce —Th e G rea t Tr ee
y P
etrogressi on

enesis of
—Ex b ry onic orm s

ni m a i ngd om 224
R
—G n
A lK
F

CH AP TE R XXIV .

L AW AG E N C Y AN D D IVIN E AG E N C Y .

L aw D e fined —ItsUni li ty—It i n t F —A h typ

v ersa s o or ce rc e nd th eir loth i ng—Hu
es a C
m a n nd D i i n B il d —D i i n D lling p l
a v e u C ti
er v e w e -
aces- rea ond i d not D ev el op i tself

CH AP TE R XXV .

P ROVIDE N C ES .
 T H E M A C R O C O S M;

THE U N I VER S E W I T HO U T .

C H A PT ER I .

T HE COG NI ZA B L E AN D TH E COG NI ZI N G .

THE st ar t i ng p oi nt of all th ou ght and i nve s tigation wi th

e v e r y hu m anb e i n g is hi s ow n i nte r i or co ns cio u sness T hi s
, .
,

to e v e r y o n e ,
i s t he m o s t a b s ol u te ly fi x e d of a ll fac t s — the
m os t po s i tiv e ly ce r ta i nof all c er tai n ti e s ; a n d i t i s h en ce the
p o si ti on fr om w hi ch all oth er c er tai nti es and u nc er ta i nti e s ,

r ob ab i li ti e s a n d i m p r ob abili ti e s p o s s ibili ti e s an d i m p oss ibili

p y ,

t i es a re e sti m ate d
,
B u t a s fr om ou r i nd ivi d u al c ente rs of
.

consci ou sness and i ntelle oti on w e Op en ou r ey es and l ook

,

w i th ou t u s w e fin
,
d ou rselv es su rr ou nd e d by app ea rances of
v ariou s form s and cond i ti ons near and r em ote w hich act
, ,

u p onou r phy sical i n ,

tell e c tu al a n,
d m o ral natu r es an , d ar e r e
a cted u po nby u s ; an d th e se a c tive and r e ac tiv e i n
-
fl u ences
a r e i n s o m e s en
,
se a t a con
,
stan t e qu ipoi s e . Th ere i s thu s
a u n ive r se w i thou t and a u niv er s e w i thi n u s— a u niv er se of
,

cogniz abl e form s p ri nci pl es and cond i tions and a u niv er se

, , ,
12 TH E COG N I ZA B L E A N D TH E COG N I ZI N G .

of cognizi ng facu l ti es the one b ei ng rel ated to and corre

, ,

s on d i n w i th t he other It i s a l e i ti m at e obj e c t a nd p r ivi

p g , g .

l ege of e v e r y i nq u i ri ng m i nd to u nd e r stand i ns om e d eg r e e , ,

b oth of thes e u nive r se s ; a nd i nor d e r to d o thi s to the fu ll es t

e x te nt on
,
e m u st i n v e s ti gate e ach w i th a constant r egar d to
i ts anal ogi es w i th and r el ati on
,
s to th e othe r F or the p u r
,
.

p os e of m appi ng ou t i f p ossibl e ce r ta i n g r e at ou tli nes of

, ,

t he o n e u n i te d and har m oni ou s sy stem of tru th as e m b r ac i ng

b oth of these d ep ar tm ents an inv e s tig ati on of thi s kind i s
,

now p r opo se d .

The for m s of the ou te r u ni v erse

i ncl u d ed i na few si m
are

l e an d o m p re h en si v e cl assifica ti on t h y r r an e d
p c s a s e a r e,
a g
ab ov e or b en ea th ea ch o ther i nthe s cal e o f c r ea ti on Th os e .

b eneath m an and w hi ch a t p r e s ent form the sp eci al su bj e ct

,

of i n v estigati on ar e em b ra ced i nthe com p rehens iv e d i v i s i ons

,

of a n i m al v eg etabl e m i neral g eol ogical and a str onom i cal or

, , , ,

c osm i ca l form s Of these si ng u l a rly and i n u ni ted g r ou p s

.
, ,

tog eth e r w i th thei r m or e su p e r fi c i al p rop e r ti e s the in t e r i or ,

s ou l ai ns a p e r c e p ti on thr ou gh s om e on e o r m or e of the
g
s en s ati on al c h an nel s kno w n as Tou ch Tas te S ig ht H ea r i ng
, , , , ,

an d S m ell . Pr oc ee d i ng u p on the b asi s o f the i m p r essi ons

r e c e iv e d thr o u gh the s e a v en u e s of s e n se the r a ti oci na ti v e
,

fac u l ty b e co m es the m ed i u m of s om e k now l e d ge of the p u r

o s e s an d m u tu a l r el ati on s of th e se an d f t h l a s by w hi ch
p o e ,
w

t he y a r e gov erne d ; an d av aili n g i tsel f of the co ntr ib u ti ons of

,

bo th S ense and R eason at the sam e ti m e tha t i t d raw s fr om

, ,

i ts ow n i n te r i or an d i nd ep end ent r esou r ce s the fa cu l ty of

"

I ntu i ti on d e ci d es u p onth e i r cau ses th ei r life fo rce s an ,

d th e i r ,

m or e i n te r io r si gn i ficati on s .

C o nfo rm i ng th erefor e to w h at i n t hi s w o r k w ill b e r e cog

, , , ,

niz ed as the tru e m etho d of r easoni ng i t sh all b e ou r first ,

 CO URSE TO BE PURSUED . 13

e nd e a v or by the
,
a i d of S ens e ,
R e as on, and Intu i tio n,
to tr ac e

a na ly ti ca lly the d escend i ng s cal e of c r ea ti on, fr om x ter ior s to

e

i nte r i or s , fr om effe cts to cau s es, from u l tim ates to or igi n s If .

w e c a n su cc ee d by thi s p r oc e ss i n e s tabli shi n g any r eli abl e

c on cl u s i on s r el a t iv e t o t he fi rs t the e lem eri tal a n
, d h en
,
ce
g e rm i n a l for m an d co nd i t i on w h e n c e s p ra n g th i s u n i v ers a l
sy s tem of thi n s w e m a th e n i n the li ht of th e s e c on
g , y , g
el u s i on s p r ocee d t o r etrac e ou r s tep s sy ntheti ca lly u p w ar d
,

thr ou gh the su cc ess iv e s e r i e s a n d d eg re es of n a tu r al u n fol d i ng ,

an d i na g ene ra l w ay d i scov er; how the sy stem of c r eati on i n ,

i ts p r e s e n t co m pl e te d for m ca m e t o e xi s t an
,
d al s o w ha t ar e
,

the p r om i n en t p rin cipl e s of i ts co n s ti tu ti on an d gov e rn m en t .

It i s obvi ou s tha t these com bi n e d p r o ce s se s of An aly s i s an d

S y nthe si s i f c orr ectly p u r s u e d w ill b e fa r m or e effic i ent i n
, ,

u n fol d i n t he p r in c i p l e s an d l a w s h ar m on i ou sly p er vad i n g a n d

g
g o v e rn i n g a ll p a r ts of the u n i t e d s y s te m o f t h i n s an
g k d i n
e x hibi ti n the vi ta l rel ati on s an d sy m p athi e s su b s i s ti n g b e
g
t w een all for m s a n d ki n g d om s of natu r e than e i ther one of ,

the s e p r oce ss e s p u r su ed s i n gly and wi thou t r eference to the

,

o th er .

In p u rs u i n g thi s p r oces s of i nqu i r y stri c t attention of , ,

co u r se shall b e p ai d to facts and p r i ncipl e s al read y fi rm ly

,

fix ed u pon a tru e s ci entifi c b as i s : b u t so long a s th ese a re

.

m a d e the b a s i s of fu rt h er r eas on i ng and the li ne of i nv e sti

,

a ti on i s pu r s u e d i n str ic t ob e d i en c e to the es ta bli sh ed l a w s

g
of i n d u c ti on a n d the i ntu i ti ons of the i nte r i or m i n d I shall ,

not consi d e r m y s el f r e str i c ted fr om e xhibi ting, and i n s o m e ,

i nstances p erhap s ev en insi sti ng u p on the concl u sions to

, , ,

whi ch thi s p r ocess m ay cond u ct e v en thou gh these m ay i n , ,

m an y cases b e u nk nownt o the p rev aili ng p hilo sophy

, .

2
 C H AP T E R I I .

D E S C E N D IN G S C AL E OF T E RR E S T R IAL F O RM S .

AMONG the s y ste m s of for m s w hi ch su r r uo nd m a n in t h e

~

o u te r w orl d that m ost i m m edigtely r el ated to hi m

, ,
and ne xt

b el ow hi m i n the scal e of c r ea ti on i s the Ani m a l Ki ng dom ,

. .

I m m ed i a te ly b ene ath thi s s er v i ng a s a su b stratu m onw hi ch

,

i t r es ts a nd the sou r ce from w hi ch i t d e r iv e s i ts s u b si s tence i s

, ,

the Veg eta b le Ki n g do m Th i s a g a i

. n r e s t,
s u p o n th e M,
in e r al

Ki ng dom from w hi ch as the ne x t d egr e e b el ow i t i n the

, ,
.

sca l e of e xi s ten i t d er iv es i ts no u r i sh m en t an d p hy s ical

'

ce ,

s u ppo r t .

Then b eneath all th es e k i ngd o m s as ananter i or cond i ti on

, ,

on whi ch th ei r p hy sica l d e v el op m en ts as com p lete sy stem s , ,

nece s sa r ily d ep end i s the sy stem of Geolog i ca l F or m a ti ons

, .

Th ese consi st of v ar i ou s g ra dations or of l ow er and higher ,

s tr a ti fica ti ons w hi ch wer e d e v el op e d by d e r e e s a n d i n su c

, g ,

ce ssiv e pe r i od s of ti m e Eac h g e ologi cal form a tionabov e the

.

p ri m ar y conta ins p e tri facti ons of p l ants and ani m al s of a d e

,

gr ee of organiz ati onco rr esp ondi ng to the d egr e e of p rog ression

in the ea r th s cru st m ar k e d by the p a r ti cu l ar s tr ati fi ca ti oni n
’

w hich th e y a r e fou n d the l ow es t organiz ati on s b ei n ass oci a te d

, g
w i th the m o st an ci ent fossili fe r ou s r o ck s and the high es t wi th ,

the m ost r ece n t sho w i n a c o i nc i d n t p r og r e s si nt he i n g n i

g
,
e o r a c

an d o r g an ic d ev el op m ents L et u s now trace d ownw a rd the

.

v ar io u s geol ogical stratifica ti ons fr o m high est to l ow est in , ,

o rd er that ou r m i nd s m ay by su ccessiv e step s b e condu cted

, ,
 DESCENDING V IEW . 15

to the terr estr i al cond itions which p r ece d ed them all and ,

s e r v ed a s the m a te r i al G er m of th e i r u n fol d i ng .

If w e co u l d fin d a sectio nof the e ar th s c r u st i nwhich all

’

the g e ol ogical str a ti fica ti on s e xi s te d i nth e i r co m pl e te n e ss an d ,

w er e ar rang e d on h or iz ontal pl ane s i nth ei r natu ral or d er of

,

su p e r p osi ti on an
,
d i f w e sh ou l d th enp r oce ed t o d i g v er tical ly
d ow nw ar d thr o u gh the s tra ta w e w o u l d fi rst p a ss thr ou gh
,
.

l ay e r s of l oam fine sand and grav el of no v er y gr eat or v er y

, , ,

d efini te thi c k n es s W e m igh t find i n thi s d epo si t the r e

.

m a in s of p la n ts an d an i m al s of exi sting sp eci e s tog eth er wi th ,

t he r em a i n s of m anan d of hi s wo rk s Thi s i s the m o s t r e cen

. t ,

or wh at i s call e d the Allu v i a l F or m a ti on N e xt w e wo u l d .

p ene tr ate ani r r egu l ar d ep osi t of cl ay sand g r av el and s m all , , ,

an d l ar ge s ton e s m o r e or l e ss r ou n
,
d ed by fr i cti on an d w hi ch ,

i s c all e d the D i lu v ia l F or ma ti on W e w ou l d n . e x t p a ss

t h r o u gh l ay e r s of cl a y sa n d g r a v el m arl e tc i n gr eat e r or
, , , , .
,

l e ss d egr e e s of c onsoli d ati on p o r tions of which ab ou nd w i th

,

the re m a i n s of an im al s and plants of sp eci es now m o stly ex

t in ct. Th e se d ep osi ts h av e b e enr ou ghly e sti m ated as h avi ng
the a gg r e g ate thi ck n e ss of a bo u t thi r teen h u n d r e d fe e t a nd ,

c onsti tu te w hat i s call ed the Ter ti a ry F or m a ti on N ex t w e .

wo u l d p ene trate thr o u gh d ep os i ts of chalk and s tr ata of m arl ,

s to n e i r on
,
ston e r ed s an
,
d sto ne e tc to the d ep th of not l ess
,
.
,
/
th an fiv e thou san d fee t e xhu m i n ,
g a s w e p r oce ed ed the
, ,

r em a i n s of h u g e sau r i an s an d oth er an i m als of a co m p ar ativ ely

low o rg aniz ati on and w hi ch b ecam e enti r ely e x ti nct b efor e
,

the n e x t s u p e r i or for m ati onco m m en c ed Th ese strata wi th

.
,

th ei r d i s ti n c t iv e fos s il s a r e co m p r i s e d i nw h a t i s call ed the

,

S econd a r y F or m a ti on W e w ou l d then d escend th r o u gh a

.

s y s tem of d e p os i te s of n ot l e ss th an thr e e th ou san d fe e t i n

thi ck n ess ,
c onsi s ti ng of strata of li m estone sl ate i r ons tone , , ,

an d m i ne ral co al consti tu ti ng wha t i s ca ll ed the C oa l F or

,
16 G E OLOGIC AL F O R MAT I ON S .

m a ti o n W e w ou l d after thi s d es cend , i n su cc e ss io n th ro u gh

.
,

s tra ta o f li m e s to n e call ed the m ou ntai n or carbo ni fer ou s

,

li m e s tone ; throu gh w ha t i s call ed the Old Re d S and s tone and ,

the n ce thr ou h w hat i s k n ow n as the S il u r i anan d C am b r i a n

g
sy s tem s of d e p os i ts Th e se stratificati ons, tak en t oge th er ,
.

h av e b eenes ti m ated by D r J ohnPy e S m i th as m easu ri ng a

.
,

thi c k n e ss of n ot l e s s th an on e hu n d r ed a nd thi rty tho u sa n d

fe et . Th ey abo u nd w i th fo ssil s whi ch, wi th p e rhap s slight
e x c ep ti on s, an d th e se c on fine d to th e i r higher p o r tion s , a re

e x cl u s i v ely m ar i n e ; an d the cha r acter an d m agn i tu d e of so m e

‘

of these a n ,
d the i r i nv ar i abl eness of s iz e and co n st i tu ti on a s

they o ccu r i n all l a t i tu d e s , sh ow tha t a high an

-

d u nv ar yi n g
t em p e ra tu r e p r e v a il e d on all p a rt s of ou r glob e d u r i n g the
p er i od w h enthe y fl ou ri sh e d , w hich cou l d not hav e d ep end ed ,
inan g r ea t d eg r e e , u p onthe s ol ar r ay s , b u t i s g en er ally su
y p
p o sed t o h av e b een cau sed by radi ations fr om su b te rranea n
fir e, th en m o r e i n ten se th an at s u b s e q u en t p er io d s Thi s.

w hol e s er i e s of s tra ti fica ti on s has b een call e d the Tr a n si ti on

F or m a ti on, co m p r i sing i n the p e r i od of i ts p r od u c ti on

, ,
t ho se

chang es i nthe phy si ca l cond i ti ons of the ear th s su rface, w hi ch

’

w er e nece ssa r y to qu ali fy i t for the p r od u cti onof terr es tr i al

v egeta ti onand the hea l thy su stenance of ai r b r ea thing ani m al s -
.

Thi s c o m pl e tes the enu m erati onof the fossili fer ou s strati fi
cati ons w hich, a ccord i ng to s om e e sti m ates a re of anaggro
, ,

a t e th ic k n e s s e xc e e d i n g t w enty m il es " Th es e all, i n cl d i ng

g u

t he r em ai n s of the pl an ts an d ani m al s which su b si ste d d u ri ng

t h ei r p ctiv e ep ochs w er e qu i etly d epo si te d a t the bo ttom s
r es e ,

of oc ea n s estu ar i es an
,
d l ak e s an
,
d su b se qu ently con
,
s oli d a te d

an d p etr ifi ed and thu s a s fa i th fu l r eco rd s of the n

, , a tu ra l hi s

tor y of ou r pl an et th ey h a v e b een p r e ser v ed throu gh the

,

un tol d ag es w hich h av e e l ap se d fro m the p eri od of th e i r li v in

g
e xi ste nce u ntil p resen t ti m e "
 D I S T U R BAN C E S OF TH E STRATA . 17

As w e ha v e thu s p ro cee d ed th r o u gh the d escend ing scal e of

g eol ogi cal and p al aeo ntol ogical c r e a ti ons w e h av e s e en that ,

an i m al and v eg e tabl e o rg ani sm s w hos e r em ai ns ar e entom b e d ,

i nthe r ock s b e com e m or e and m or e s i m pl e nthe l ow est

,
I .

of the fos s ili fe r o u s r o ck s t he p r i n c ip a l an i m al r em ai ns a r e of

,

the cl a ss call e d the Ra di a ta w hi c h s o m e w h at r e s em bl e pl an

,
ts,
an d form the con ne cti ng li nk wi th the V eg e tabl e Ki ngd om ;
whil e the pl ants ar e m a i nly of a si m pl e sp e ci es of sea w e ed ,

call ed j u coi des It i s h ow e v er p r esu m abl e th at m ore m i nu te

.
, , ,

an d s till m ore s i m pl e sp e c i e s p r e ce d ed thes e b u t of w hi ch i n , ,

conse qu enc e of the d eli cacy of th ei r tex tu r e all t races hav e ,

b ecom e obli tera ted .

I m m ed i a tely b eneath the fossili fe r o u s r oc k s w e c am e to ,

thick s t ra ta o f c l ay sl a te h or n bl end e sl a te m i ca sl a te g nei ss

, , ,
-
,

etc w hi c h c on ta i n n o orga n ic r e m ai ns and ar e call ed the

k
.
, ,

Pr i m a r y S tr a tified R oc s I m m ed i at ely b e nea th the se Jost

.

s tr a ta li es the Gr a n
,
i te w hi c h i s u n st r a ti fie d an
,
d app ea r s to ,

b e the or igi nal an d p ar ent r o ck from the c o m m i nu te d and ,

pu lv er iz ed m ater i als of w hi ch com bi ne d w i th m ate r i al s ,

d es cen din g fr om the a tm osp her e and e v olv e d fro m the ce nt ral ,

m a ss of the e a r th all the s tr a tifi e d r ock s w e r e su b s e q u en

,
tly
for m ed .

S om e of m h av e n
r ea d e rs , w
o t m a d e g eol ogy a
ho a r
y p
ti cu lar su bj e c t of s tu d y m ay b e d i sp ose d to i n ,
qu i r e w hether
a n on e ha s t hu s a c tu a lly d i gg e d i nt o the e a r th t o t he d ep th
y
of ov e r t w en ty m il es an d a scer ta i ne d the cha rac ter a nd o r d er
,

of ge ol ogica l fo rm a ti on s to b e a s I h a v e d e scr ib e d them " I

an sw e r n o ; n ,
or w ou l d s u c h a m od e of e xpl or a tio nh a v e b e en

nece s s ar y O w i ng to the i m m ense and fre qu ent d i stu rb a nc es

.

to w hi ch th e e a r th s c ru st has b e en s u bj e c te d i n d i ffe r en
’
t ,

a e s fr om th e e xpl os iv e for c es of i n t nal fi ll t h l d er

g ,
er r e s a e o ,

s tra ta h av e i nv a rio u s p l ace s b eenb r o k en an d th ei r u p hea v ed

, , ,
18 GEOLOGICA L F O RM ATIONS .

g es hav e thu s b eene xp o s ed at the su rface of the e ar th and

“

ed ,

m ay b e m e a su r ed w i th li ttl e d i ffi c u l ty And al tho u gh i n .

,

m o s t if n
,
ot all pl ac e s s om e of the s tr a ta a r e w an
, ,
ti n g yet , ,

by ob s er vi ng a nu m b er of the associ ated li nk s I nthe chai nof

d e v el op m ent i n one pl a c e and c on ne c ti ng and m atc hi ng them
,

w i th cor re sp on din g s ecti ons of the chainfou nd i nother pl ac es ,

an d w hi ch e x tend hig her or l ow er t he w h ol e s er i es m ay b e , ,

—
an d ha s b e en r e cons tr u c te d w i th a pp r oxi m at e a ccu racy7 a n
,
d
c e r tai nty .And by c om p ar i ng the li th ol ogica l char ac te r s of
r o ck s ,
an d e sp eci ally the fos sil s w hi ch they c on tai n i t i s ,

fou nd that the or d er of d e v el op m en t is in v ari ably su ch a s

I ha v e d e scr ib e d and i s the sam e i n all p a rts of the
,

w or l d .

It w a s sa i d tha t the G r ani te w hi ch s eem s t o b e the ol d es t

,

O f the r o ck s u n ,
d e rl y i ng a s i t d oe s all t he s tra tifi e d s e r i e s i s
, , ,

i tsel f u ns tr a tifi ed Thi s i s tr u e al so of i ts v a ri ou s m od ifica

.
, ,

t io n s i n the P o rp hy r y B a sa l t an d G r e en
,
sto n,
e These r ock s .
,

th e r e for e co u l d n
,
ot ha v e b e en for m e d a s oth e r r ock s w e r e , ,

by s e di m enta ry d ep os i ts a t the b otto m of oc eans and l ak es .

Onthe co ntr ar y the y b ear u nm i stak abl e ev i d enc e s of h av i ng

,

b e enori ginally i n a m ol ten stat e fr om the a ctionof i ntens e

h eat Tha t no li nk s m ay b e w anti ng i n the c ha in of ou r
.

fu r the r i nd u cti ons s om e of thes e evi d en

,
c es r e q u i r e t o b e
b r i efly s tate d as foll ow s :
,

It app ears that i n m any i nstance s afte r thi c k b e d s of

, ,

s t ra tifi e d r ock s incl u d i ng som e of the ol d e r m em b e r s of thc

,

foss ili fer ou s s er i es w er e for m ed i m m e d i ately ov er the g rani ti c

,

r oc k s the l atter h a v e flo w nu pw a r d n
, ot o n ly i nh em i sp her i cal
,

an d c oni cal b u t s om e ti m e s i nsha r ply an

,
g u l ar for m s d isp lac ,

in g th e su p e r i nc u m b en t s tr a ta and p r od u c i n g
,
m ou n t ai ne l e v a

t i on s Inthe u p heav i ng e ffor t i t ha s app ar ently by i n j e cti on

k
.
, ,

fill e d u p the sm all es t cr evi ces of the con tigu o u s r ee s fr e ,

 F USION BY HE AT . 19

qu entl y b u r sti ng thr o u gh th em i nv a rio u s d i r ecti ons form i ng ,

d yk e s and v e ins w i th nu m er ou s b r anch es fr o m a ni nc h to

"

hu nd re d s of fe et i n d i am eter ; and com i ng u p fr e qu ently ,

thr ou gh the e n ti r e thi ck n e s s o f the s tr a ta i t ha s fl ow nov er ,

the t op ; w he r e i t has ofte ni nl a rge m a ss e s su b se qu en

,
tly co n
,

soli da te d These dyk e s a r e O ften fou nd to c ontai ni m b ed d ed

.

fr agm ents of the i d en ti ca l r oc k s thr ou gh whi c h they app ea r

to ha v e for c e d thei r p a s sag e i nthe i r u p w a r d m ov e m en t The .

m an ner i nw hi ch thes e fr agm ents a r e i m b e dd ed p r ov es to a ,

d e m o ns tra ti on th at the m a s s by w hi ch they ar e su r r o u nd ed

,

w a s on c e i n a flu i d s ta te and that i t su b se qu ently b ecam e

,

s oli d a s w e n
,
ow fin d it .

Th a t the o ri gi nal fl u i d i ty of th e se i nj ecte d r ock s w as p ro

d u ce d by hea t i s e vi d e nt fr om the foll o w i n
,
g a m ong o ther ,

c ons i d erati ons l The c r y staline charac ter of s o m e of th ese

.

r oc k s i s s u ch as c ou l d ha v e b e e n p r od u c e d on ly by h eat " 2 .

The ch e m i ca l e ffe cts p r o d u ce d u p on t he str a tifi e d r ock s by

con tac t of the u n s tr a tifie d on e s a r e s i m il a r to t h os e p r od u c e d
,

by d yk es of r ec ent l av a 3 The d i ffer ent u nstratifie d r ock s

. .

i ns ensibly p ass i nto each othe r and ind e ed i nto m od ernl av as

, .

B e si d e s the m i neral com p os i ti onof the r o ck s a s w ell as the

, ,

form and p os i ti on o f the d yk es show s th a t the i r or i gi nal ,

fl u i d i ty c ou ld not ha v e b e enthe r es u l t of w a ter w hi c h i s the

/
,

on ly k now nnatu r al el em ent b e si d e s fire to w hi ch thei r s ol u

“

t io ncou l d p oss ibly b e a ttr ib u te d i nan y ca se .

B u t a s the r ock s o f w hi ch w e h a v e sp ok en a r e p r i m a ry
r o c k s an
,
d s e r v e a s the b a si s of all s tr a tifi e d r ock s i nall pl ace s ,

an d a s th ey m u s t th er e fo r e h a v e u niv e rs ally p r e v ail e d ov e r

, ,

the s u r fa c e of the e ar th b e for e an y o th e r r o c k s w e r e fo rm e d ,

i f th e i r or i gi nal s tate w a s tha t of i gn e o u s fl u i d i ty i t m a

y b e ,

a s su m e d th a t su ch w a s the c on d i ti on of the w hol e gl ob e

th at i t w as on e v a st b all of m ol tenl a va " Thi s i s n ow g en er
20 GEOLOGIC AL F O RM ATION S .

a lly the O pi ni onof l i s ts an

eo o d i s co nfi rm e d by the follo w
g g ,

in g ,
a m on o the r con
g s i d e r a ti on s :

1 The e ar th IS not a p e r fe c t gl ob e b u t a n obl a t e sp he r oi d

.
, ,

n h —
fl atte e d at t e p ol e s the p ol a r d i am ete r b e i ng ab ou t t w enty
si x m il e s s hor t e r thanthe e qu ator i a l Thi s i s the form w hi c h
.

i t w ou l d n e ce ss ar ily ha v e a s s u m e d fr om the c e n tr i fu gal for c e

ca u s e d by d i u rn al r e vol u ti on su ppo si n ,
g i t to ha v e b een o r i g:
i nally i na fl u i d s ta te .

2 The r e i s good e vi d en
. c e th a t ou r pl an e t i s s till a v a st b all

O f liqu i d fir e su rr ou n ,
d ed by a thi nc r u s t w hi ch i nthick ne ss , , ,

b ea r s no grea te r p r op or t i onto the g ene r al m ass of the ea r th ,

thanthe egg she ll b e a rs to the g e n

-
era l m a s s of the egg F r om .

car efu l ob se r va ti ons whi ch hav e b e en m ad e d u ri ng m any

y ear s u p onthe tem p er a tu re of d eep m i ne s and the w ate r s of
,

a r te si an w ell s i nv a r i ou s p a r ts of the w or ld i t i s fou n d tha t

'

, , ,

a fter d e s c e n din b e y on d th e r ea c h o f sol ar i n fl u en c e the t em

g ,

er a tu r e i n v a r i a bly i n cr ea ses i n a ll p la ces a t t he a v e r a e r a te

p , g ,

of ab o u t on e d e g re e F a hr e n he i t for e v e ry for ty fiv e o r fi fty -

fe e t of d e s c ent And thi s r u l e u ni for m ly hol d s g ood to the

.
-

g reates t d ep ths to w hi ch the ea r th has b e enp ene tr ated .

N ow as s u m i n
, g fi ft y d e r e e s a s the a v erag e te m p er a tu r e a t
g
t he su r fa c e of the ea r th an d taki n the m eanra ti o of i n c r ea s e
, g
a t on e d e r e e for e v e r y fi fty fee t of d e s c en t w e shou l d a t thi s
g , ,

ra te a t a d ep th of a li t tl e m or e th an s ix ty fiv e m il es re ach a
,
-

t e m p e r a tu r e of s ev e nt hou s an d d egr e e s w hi ch w ou l d b e s u ffi
,

ci en t t o m el t all k n ow nroc k s S u pp os i ng thi s s tate O f i gne ou s

.

fu s i onto e x te nd fr om the com p ar ativ ely thi nc ru s t of the ea rth

onall s i d e s to the c en
,
te r w e h a v e s till a m as s of m ol te nl a v a
,

O f m or e thans e v e nth ou san d m il es i nd i am eter If w e s u pp os e .

thi s m ass to b e com e s om eti m es agi ta te d i ni ts hi ghe r p or ti on s

by inte rnal ga ss es or by the p er col a ti on of w ater thr ou gh

,

fiss u r es i n the su per incu m b ent strata w e h ave a su ffi ci ent ex ,

 TH E PRIM ITIVE STATE . 21

pl anati onof hqu ak e s v olc anic eru p ti ons and of the i m

e art , ,

m en s e m ou n tai n u p heav els w hi c h h av e occu r r e d a t d i ffere n t

e p och s d u ri n g the g eol ogi cal for m ati ons ; w hil e a si d e fr om ,

the hyp oth es i s of i n te r nal fu s i on the s ol u ti onO

,
f th es e l a tter
p henom ena w ou l d b e e x trem ely d iffi cu l t if not i m p oss ibl e, .

Thu s h av e g e ol ogi s ts r ea soned fr o m su b stanti al d ata con

, ,

c er n i ng the early sta te O f ou r p l anet B u t th ou gh a t thi s p oi nt

.
,

the d ata of r etr osp e ctiv e r ea s o n i ng s b ec o m e l e ss c e r tai nthan

those w hi ch h a v e hi th er to g u i d e d u s w e m a y p r es u m e as
, ,

highly p r ob abl e not to say ab sol u te ly c er tai n that not e v e n

, ,

thi s w as s tr i c tly the p r i m i ti v e s ta te of ou r p l an et —th a t the

m a tter w hich com p os es i t w a s i nc on d i ti on s an t er io r and ge r

m in al e v e nto thi s a n d i f w e e x te n d b ac k w ar d ou r cha i nof
;
an al ogi c a l i nd u cti ons i na di r ect li ne i t w ill l e ad u s to a con
,

d i ti onof still m or e i ntense h ea t— h ea t tha t w ou l d b e cm n p a t

ibl e only w i th the e xi stence Of m atter i n the form of v ap or .

It i s then to s ay the l e as t anhyp oth e s i s c e r tai n

, , ,
ly not u nr ea
s on a ble th a t the m atter of ou r e ar th w a s o n ce i nthe state Of
,

ig ne ou s gas from the cooli ng and c ond ensati onof w hi ch i t

,

a s su m e d s u cc es s iv ely the fl u i d an,

d th eni ts p r es ent su p e rfi
ally s oli d s ta te B u t for the p r es en
. t w e offe r thi s only a s an
hyp oth esi s to w hi ch anal ogi es thu s far d ev el op e d d i r ec tly ,

p oint S u ch fu r ther and m or e concl u siv e e vi d ences of i ts

.

t ru th as s ci en
,
tific d ata n ow affo r d wi ll b e i n
,
ci d entally b r ou ght
i nto vi ew as w e p roceed .
 C H A PT E R I I I .

THE NA T U R A L H I S TO R Y OF THE S O L A R S YS TE M AN A
L O G I C A L L Y R E T RA C E D .

A D MI TT ING tha t the for e g oing hy p oth esi s a s to the or igi nal
c on d i ti onof the ear th s m ater i al s ha s any fou nd ati oni nt ru th
’
,

w e fin d i ni t the li n k w hi ch c onnects g eol ogy w i th a s tronom y

It m u s t b e b or ne i nm i nd th at the ear th i s o n ly one m em b e r
o f the r e a t fa m ily of pl a n e ts b el on i n g t th s ol ar sy s tem
g g o e

an d i t i s fa i r to p r esu m e that the b r othe r s and s i s te r s of the

sa m e pl an e ta ry fam ily hav e t he s a m e or a s i m il ar or i in
, , g
e sp ec i ally a s th e y ha v e the sa m e obl a te ly s ph e r oi d al form ,

an d O b ser v e the sam e l a w s of d i u rn a l an d or b i tu al r ov olu ti on .

If the e arth th en w a s or i gi nally i na st ate O f ig neou s ga s s o

, , ,

s u pp o s e w e r e they ; a n b e for e the i n c ipi en

( w e m a
y ) d t p ro

c e s s es o f s p he r oi d a t i on com m e n c ed,
the m ate r i a l s of all of

them m ay hav e c om m i n l ed an d p r ob ably d i d co m m i n gl

g , ,
e

t oge th e r i non e u n d i s ti ng u i shabl e m a s s .

Thou gh thi s hyp othe si s of anorigi nal g aseou s state of the

e ar th an d pl ane ts r e s ts u p ona fou nd ati onO f i ts ow n (b ei n g a

p or tion of the c ha in of anal ogou s d e v el op m ents p r ol ong e d

d i r ectly b ack w a r d fr om the li nk s of su b stanti al geol ogi c a l
fac ts ) i t i s p r e ci sely i na c cor d anc e w i th the nebu la r theor y of
,

the or i gi nof w o r l d s a n d sy s te m s w hich the or y al s o r e s ts u p on

,

i nd ep end ent g r ou nd s of r e asoni ng AS a conv icti on of t he

.

en e ra l t r u th fu l n e s s o f thi s theor y i s i m po r tan t a s a b a si s of

g
u l te r io r i d eas to b e p r esen ted i n thi s tr eati s e the p ati en
, t
 R ESOLUTION OF NEBULE . 23

a tte ntion Of the r ead er i s soli c i te d w hil e w e b ri efly e xpl ai n

nat u r e, and u nfol d a su m m ary of the e vi d enc es onwhi ch
'

i ts
i t i s fou nd ed .

The i d ea that neb u l ae, l oo s e m asses of fi e r y Vap or w hi ch

or ,

s e em e d t o b e fl oa ti n g i nthe d e p th s of i m m ens i ty m i ght for m ,

the m ate r i als ou t of w hich n a tu r e el ab or a t e d su n s an d pl ane ts ,

w a s or i g i n ally p r opo u n de d a s a c on j e ctu r e by Si r Willi am ,

H er sche l ; b u t i t w a s su b se qu ently b r ou ght i nto m or e d efini te

,

an d tangibl e for m by La pl ac e C o m te N ich ol and o th er s , , ,

.

The theor y su p p os es t ha t l oo se m asses of neb u l ou s v apo r at ,

fi r s t w i tho u t d efi ni te form or m ov em ent g rad u ally assu m e d , ,

by vi rtu e of g ravi tati on a r egu l ar spher oi d al and r otati ng form

, ,

lighte st at the ci rcu m fe r ence and g r ad u ally i nc re asi ng i nd en

,

si ty tow a r d the c e n ter a t w hi ch p oi n

,
t the g r ea tes t d en si ty i s

a ttai n ed . It su pp ose s tha t s u ch fo rm s w ere the or i gi nal for m s

of s u n s— that the s u b stan ce Of the s e i n thi s d iffu s e d s tat e
, ,

o riginally e x tend ed fr om the i r p r e s ent cond ense d sol ar sp he r es , ,

t o the o u te rm o st li m i ts of the pl a n e ta r y sy s te m s whi ch n ow

r e v olv e abo u t th em
; a nd t h a t by t he co m bi ne d p r oc e s s e s of
ro tati on an d fu r th er con d en sa ti on su cc e ssiv e an d c onc entr ic
,

rin gs w e r e form ed onthe ou ter li m its of the neb u lou s d i sk s ,

of w hich w e ha v e a fa i n t ill u str a ti on i n the r i n g s of S a tu rn

'

Th ese r i ng s i t i s tho u ght su b se qu ently b ecam e b r ok enu p

, , ,

whe nthe m atte r com p osi ng th e m natu rally aggl om e rated i nto
s p h er e s w hich by anan
, al ogou s p r oc e s s of c on d ensa ti onan d
,

e v ol u ti onof r i n g s p rodu ce d pl ane ts and thei r satelli tes

, .

It i s b u t j u st to r em ar k tha t m any of the su pp osed nebu la

w hich H er sch e l tho u gh t m ight for m t he m ater i al s of fu tu r e
su n s an d sy stem s h av e su b s e qu en tly by the appli ca tio n of
, ,

p ow erfu l tel esco p es and e sp e ci ally that of L or d R oss b een

, ,

r esolv ed i n to s ta r s app ar en tly s o c lo s e tog e the r a s to c au se

,

the g en eral h az y app ear an ce which th e y p r e sen t wh env i e w ed

24 THE NEBULAR H YP OTHESIS .

wi th the nak e d ey e , or thr ou gh a te l e scop e of low p ower .

It i s r ea s onably p ected that ny ill u nresolv e d

of the
“

su s m a st

neb u l ae m i gh t yi el d to a s till hi ghe r tele scop i c p ow e r w e re ,

s u c h a v a il abl e t o s c i en ce a n d a r t ; an d a c ti ng u p onthi s su p
p osi ti on s om e few a s tr onom ers hav e ab and oned the neb u l ar
,

the or y i nw hich the y p r e vi o u sly b e li e v e d an

,
d atte m p te d to
,

p r ov e i ts i m p o ss ibili ty B u t i n r efe rence to thi s c han

.
g e of

as tr on om ica l fa i th fr o m s uch a cau se Pr ofe s sor M i ch ell “

for cibly r e m ar k s t h a t “ H e r schel o nly a d op ted the "neb u l ar]

,

th e or y a fter he ha d r e s olve d m an y h u nd red of the neb u l ae i nto

s ta r s
; a nd i,
f th er e e v e r e xi s te d a r ea s on for a cce p ti ng the
tr u th O f thi s r e m ar k abl e sp ecu l a t io n t h a t r e a son has b e en ,
”
s ca r c e ly a ffe c te d i nan d e r e e by r e c en t d i scov e r i e s
y g ,
.

The ph enom enonO f nebu lou s s ta r s e sp e ci ally s till re m ai ns , ,

i ni ts u ni m p a i r e d for c e a s ana rgu m e nt for the p r ob abl e t ru th

,

O f the th eor y i n u e s ti on
q T
. h e s e s ta r s a r e sph e r i cal b od i e s ,

b ri ght i n the ce nter from w hi ch th er e i s a g rad u al sh ad i ng

,

O ff i n to u n d i sti n u i s h abl e d i m n e ss a s the c i r cu m fe ren ce i s a

g p
r oac hed Th y xi t i n ll d g r ee s of a pp a r en t c on c en tra t i on
p . e e s a e ,

fr om a d i ffu s e d bl u r w i th a no v e r y d i s ti nc t nu cl eu s to a w ell ,

d e fine d s tar su rr ou n d e d by a ha z e What canthese b odi es b e

.

b u t m ass es of p r i m e v al m at ter i n v a r i ou s d egr e e s of p r o

,

r e s s i onb e tw e enthe i r o r i i n al or m os t c h aotic s tate a n d t h at

g g , ,

O f fu lly d e v el op e d su n s an d pl an ets " B u t the s e ar e p re

c i se ly the v ar i ou s c on d i ti ons w hich the n eb u l ar th e or y s u p

p o se s to ta k e pl a ce d u r i ng the d iffer ent and p r og res siv e

s tag e s of the p r oc es s by which su n s an d pl anets a r e u l ti m ately
fo rm ed .

A b ri ef su m m ar y of the fu r th er p r oo fs of the neb u l ar th eo r y

m a b e p r e s en te d a s follo w s
y
1 It has a l r ead y b e enr em ar k ed t hat the ear th i s anobl ate
.

sph er oi d ,
fl attened at the p ol es and b u lg ed at the e qu ato r .
 F O RM O F P LAN E T S . 25

Thi s s am e l b ser v e d i n r el ati onto oth er pl ane ts

fa c t i s a so o ,

the ou ter on es ow i n g to the g r ea te r rapi d i ty of thei r r otator y

,

m oti on s b ein,
g m u ch m or e b u l ged and fl att ene d thanthe i nner
o nes To the w r i te r i t i s not a li ttl e s u r p r is i ng that thi s for m
.

of pl a n e ta r y b od i e s has n ot O f i ts e l f e s tabli s he d am on
, g ,

a s tr on om e r s the u n iv e r sal c onvi cti on that the s e b od i e s w e r e

for m ed by a contr a cti on of the i r m ater i al s from a p r e vi ou sly
d iflu s ed s tate S u ch i t ap p ear s m u st ne ce ssa r ily hav e b e en
'

.
, ,

the case i f the i r s u p e r i or e qu a tor i a l d i am e t e r ha d i ni t s o i gi n

, ,
r
,

an con ne cti onw i th the c e n t r i fu g a l for c e p r od u ce d by r o ta to r y

y
m o ti on .F or i f the m ate r i al s O f the pl ane t w hil e i n a n ,

O rigi nally gl ob u l ar for m had com m enced b ei ng throw nou tw a r d

,

a t the e qu a tor by the c en tr i fu g al for c e g ene r ate d by r e v o

,

lu ti on no k now n c ou nte r for c e cou l d h a v e p r e v ente d them

,
-

from b e i ng all or ne ar ly all thr o w nou tw a r d and c ont i nu ally

, , ,

far the r and fa r th er fr om the c enter u ntil the pl ane t w ou l d ,

hav e l ost i ts i d ent i ty Esp e ci ally w ou l d thi s ha v e b eenthe

.

r e su l t i f the or i gi n
,
a l v e l oc i ty of r e v ol u t i onhad c on ti n u ed n u

d im in i shed F or i t is ev i d ent that the far the r a p ar ti cl e or

.
,

c oll e cti onof p ar ti cl e s i s throw n fr om an a xi s a r o u nd w hi ch

,

th e y i na giv enp e r i od m ay r e v olv e the g rea t er i s the c en

, , tr i
,

fu gal for c e g e n r a te d by the r ota ti on and h ence the g rea ter

e ,

i s i ts t end enc y t o fly off s till fa r th e r ; w hil e on the othe r ,

h and the far the r a p arti cl e i s thr o w n fiom a c enter of

,

at tr acti on the l ess b e com e s the a ttr a c tiv e or c en

,
tr ip e tal for c e

t o r e tai ni t fr om flyi n g off still fa r th e r .

The for c es w hi c h p r od u c e d the b u l ge d for m of pl ane ts a t

the e qu a tor a r e u n d ou b te d ly t he sam e a s thos e w hi ch p r o
d u c e d the r i ng s of S atu r n N ow t he r i n g s of S atu rn com
.
,

le te a r e v ol u ti on i n ] 0 hou r s 3 2 m i n u te s an d 1 5 se c on d
p s
;
w hil e the p r i m ar y i tse l f r e v olv e s i n 1 0 hou rs 1 6 m i n u te s an d
I s e co n d or i n a pe r io d of o n
,
ly 1 6 m inu te s and 1 4 second s
3
26 TH E N E B U LAR HYP O THESIS .

l ess . If, the r e for e , th e r e i gi nally gener ate d by r otatory

w a s or ,

m o ti on a t S a tu r ns e qu a tor an am o u n t O f c en tr i fu g al for ce
’
, ,

s u ffi c i e nt t o thr ow O ff p a r t i cl e s to the p r e s en t p os i ti onof the

r i n s O f th at b od y c e r ta i n ly t h e i m m en sely i n cr eas ed c en tr i fu
g ,

al for ce ene r a t e d by the r e v ol u ti onof the s e r i n s i nab ou t

g g g
t he sa m e p er i od w ou l d h a v e thr ow n the sa m e p a r ti cl e s s till
,

fa r ther and w ou l d p rob ably ha v e d i s sip ated them i nto chaos

,

e sp ec i ally a s the a ttr ac tiv e for c e of the p r i m a r y a t t h at d i s ,

tan ce ,
m u s t h a v e e x e r te d c on s i d era bly l es s in fl u ence Up on
the m .

The sam e r ea s o ppli e s w i th e qu al for c e to that r i ng or

ni ng a ,

c i r cl e O f a tta ched m a tt e r w hi c h r i s es ab ov e the li n e of s he

, p
a t S at u rns e q u a t or an a l s o a t the e qu a to rs of o the r
’
r i ci t d
y ,

pl anets and of the e ar th The a c ti ng for c es a r e of the s am e

,
.

na tu r e and b ear s i m il ar r el ati ons t o ea ch other i nb oth pl a c e s

, ,

t he on ly d iffe r enc e b gi ng a d i ffe r ence i n the d egr e es of i n

t en si ty w i th w hi ch t hey a ct i n the d i ffe r e n t p osi ti ons .

These c ons i d e ra ti ons s how that i nall s tage s Of the p r o ce ss

by w hi ch pl ane tar y b od i e s w e r e for m e d the a ttr a cti v e con , ,

tr a c ti v e, f
or ce ntr ip
h eta l
a d d eci d ed
p r ed om i n
or ce, an ce ov er the

c entr ifu g a l S u pp osi ng the t w o for ces t o hav e al w ay s a cte d

.

t og e the r a fte r b oth b e cam e e s tabli sh e d , the c e n tr i fu g a l for c e ,

i t i s t ru e , h av e al w ay s r es tr a i ned a nd m od ified the

m u st

i nte nsi ty O f the c e ntrip e ta l i n the d i r e cti on of the pl ane of

,

r ota ti on b u t c o u l d n
, e v er t h row fa r th e r i nt o sp a c e a p a r ti cl e

w hi ch the c e n tr ip e tal o r a tt r a c tiv e had su c c e e d e d i nd e fi an

,
ce ,

O f the opp os i n g for ce i n b r inging from a g reate r t o a l e ss

, ,

d i s tance fr om the c ent er .

The b u lge d for m of the ear th and othe r plane ts ther e for e , ,

cou ld n o t ha v e b e en p r od u c e d by a thr ow i n ou t o f p ar ti cl e s
g
a t the e qu a to r b u t r a the r by a d r a w i n i n O f p ar ti cl e s fr om
, g
the p ol es w h ere the a ttrac tiv e for ce w as co m p a r at iv ely u u r a
,
a
 G RADAT IO N O F DENSITIES . 27

s tr a i ne d by the c entr ifu gal ; w hil e thi s l atte r for ce attaining ,

i ts m a xi m u m a t the e qu ator m e e ts a nd w ar d s off the gra vi

,

ta t i n p a r ti cl e s i n the i r r u sh t ow a r d the ce n t e r and t hu s the

g ,

t w o for c es fi n ally s e ttl e i n to ane x a ct e qu ip oi s e, of w hi ch the

obl a te ly sp her oi d al for m of the pl an e t i s a n e qu al ly e x ac t

e xp r e s s i on .

Th e se consi d e rations s e am to su ffi ci ently p rov e tha t the

b e fore s h ow n to h a v e b e e n o r i gi n ally i n a s ta te o f
e a r th
(
i gne o u s i f not g a s eou s fl u i d ) w a s for m e d by the p r e d om i na t
,

in g fo r c e of a t tra c ti on an ,
d h enc e con tr a cti on a c ti n
,
g u p on
m a te r i al s i na r ar er s ta te an d r ed u cing them to thei r p r esen
, t
d ense for m .The a ttra c ti v e and contractiv e O p e r a ti on m u st ,

o f c ou r se ,
h av e p r oc ee d ed thr ou gh a p rogr es siv e s er i e s of
an a l o ou s s t a e s w hi c h s om ew h e r e m u s t h a v e ha d a b e i n
g g , g
ni ng and w e cannot c once i v e of any p ossibl e b egi nni ng shor t
o f the r e a t e s t p os s ibl e d i ffu s i on— a s tat e O f d i ffu si onwhi ch
g ’
,

o r igi n ally a pplyi n g to the m a ter i al s of all pl ane ts m u st hav e ,

b rou ght them all i nto the for m of one com m on v ap ory
‘

m a ss .

Tho u gh thi s arg u m ent i n p r o of of the neb u l a r th e or y

, ,

se em s hi th er to to h av e g ene r ally e s cap e d the noti ce of

a s tr on om i ca l w r i te r s i t i s on
,
e w hich n e v e r thel e ss d es e r v e s to
, ,

b e p on d e r e d an d bo rne i nm i n d .

2 An
. other ar gu m en t for the sam e th eor y i s d er i v ed from
,

the r egu l ar gr ad ati on s of d e n si ti es of plan et s fr om

,
i nnerm o st
to ou te r m ost Th u s i t i s stat e d onthe b asi s of m athem a ti cal
.
,

cal c u l a t i on s t h at M e r cu r y m u s t b e a b ou t the w e i ht of s o
, g
m u ch l e a d ; V e n u s is n ea r ly s i x t i m e s t he w e i ht of s o m u ch
g
w at er ; the Ear th a s a w hol e i s fou r a n
, ,
d a hal f ti m es the
w ei ht of w a t e r ; M a r s i s a li ttl e o v e r thr e e t i m es the w e i ht
g g
of w a t e r ; J u pi te r i s a sm all fra c ti on o v e r the w e i ght O f s o

m u c h w a ter S a t u r ni s l ess th an h al f th at sp ecifi c w eigh t or

; ,
28 TH E N E B ULA R H YPOTHESIS .

a b ou t the ight of s o m u ch co rk ; and H er sch el m ani fe sts a

w e

cor r espond ing d ecr eas e of d ensity Thi s r egu l ar g ra d ati oni n .

the s p ec ifi c d en s i ti es of the pl an e ts i n the or d er of the i r

,

occ u rr e n c e fr om , i nnerm ost to ou term os t i s p r e ci s ely w hat i t ,

sh ou l d b e su ppo si n
,
g that th ey w er e all form ed by the op e r
e ti on s of a c o m m on la w fr o m an o r igi nal sp h e r e of fl u i d
,

m a tter w hi ch m u s t h av e b een m o s t d en
,
se n ea r the c e n t er ,

an d m ost r a r e oni ts o u t e r e x tr em i ti e s .

T her e i s a si m il ar r el ati on b etw e en the d i sta nces of the

d i ffe r ent pl ane ts ; for p r oce ed i n , g o u tw a r d fr om M e r c u r y eac h ,

s u cc es s iv e pl an et in cl u d in g e a s te r o i d s as e qu iv a l e n o on
( th t t e

pl anet) i s abou t d ou ble the d i s tance of the p revi ou s pl anet

fr om the s u n Thi s c u r i ou s r el a ti on of d i stance s s e e m s i n
.
,

lik e m anner to a rgu e the i r p r od u c ti on by a com m on ca u se

, ,

an d by the O p e ra ti ons of a com m onlaw o f w hi ch the only ,

e xpl an at i on e t fou n d s eem s t o b e giv en i nthe n eb u l a r

y
th e or y .

3 If the th e o r y i nqu e s tio ni s a d m i tte d a s the tru e one i t

.
,

m i gh t acc o r d i n ly b e su pp ose d t h a t a fte r the e v ol u ti onof

g ,

M er cu r y w hi ch i s the pl ane t nea res t the s u n the r e w o u l d s till

, ,

b e a r e s i d u u m of neb u l ou s or pl ane ta r y m atter i nanu nform e d

'

s tat e s u r r ou n di n t he m o re d en s e m a ss of t he s u n A c cor d
, g .

i ngly ther e a ctu ally app ear s to b e ane x tensi v e m a ss of a tte nu

a te d m a tt e r s u r r ou n d i ng the su n a nd i s s om e t i m e s vi s ibl e
,

i m m edi ately a fter su nset or b efor e su nri se as a c oni c lu m i n

, , ,

ou s s tr eak p roj e c te d from

,
the hor iz oni nthe d i r ec ti onof the

p ath of the s u n and w hi ch i s call ed the Z

,
od i a ca l light
”
.

4 T her e a r e s till m an
. y pl ane ts or w a nd er i ng c el es ti a l
,

b od i es i n a nebu lou s s ta te i n w hi ch s tate they a r e call e d

, ,

c o m e ts
”
.
Thes e app ear t o h av e b e en for m e d from a r e
si d u u m of atte n u a te d m a tte r a fter the aggl om e r at i onO f the
,

d enser m ate ri al s t ook place .

 K I E K w oo ns ’
L AW . 29

5 . M . C o m te, cco rd i ng to p r inci p l es

of P ar i s, has p r ov ed ,
a

by whi ch p e rio d s of r o tatio n m ai ntaina r el ation to the m a ss

o f the giv enr ota ti n g b ody that the si d er eal y ear; of each pl ane t,

a ct u ally co r r e sp on d s t o the p er io d i nw hi c h the su nm u st h av e

r o ta te d onhi s a xi s s u pp os i n g hi s m as s to hav e e xtend ed to
,
'

the or bi ts of s u ch p l a n et s ; an d he al s o a sc e r tai ned th at the

p e r i od s of r o tationof the pr i m ar y p l anets w i th the i r m ass i n ,

a s tate of v ap or e x ten d ing to the or bi ts of th ei r s atelli te s

, ,

m u s t i nlik e m an
,
ner h av e c o r r esp o nd ed wi th the p resent or
,

b i tu al p er i od s of th ose sa telli te s .

6 An. ew p l anetar y la w has r ecently be en d i scov er e d by

M r Ki r k w oo d w hi c h se e m s to h av e ani m po rtant b ear i ng on
.
,

the q u es ti on a t i ssu e Thi s law as I u nd er s tand i t i s tha t

.
, , ,

the s qu ar e O f the n u m b er of r o tati on s of an giv en lan

y p e t i ni ts

y ear i s to the s qu ar e of the nu m b er of r o ta ti ons of au r other

,

pl anet i ni ts y ea r as the cu b e of the d iam e te r of the sphere

,

o f a t tr actiono f the fi r s t p l an et i s to the cu b e of the d i a m e ter ,

o f the sph er e of a ttr actio nO f the s econ d p l anet *

Th u s for .
,

instance the nu m b er of r o tati ons of the ear th i ni ts y ear b ear s

, ,

a d efin i te rel ationto the qu anti ty of m atter (or the am ou nt of

a ttract iv e for ce i nthe Ea r th i nM a r s an n en
) d i V u s , , .

H er e th en i s ani nd icationo f anoth er r el a tio ne xi sti ng b e

, ,

t w e en the for c es an d m ov em en ts of the d i ffe r en t pl an e ts so ,

d efi ni te a s to p re cl u d e e v e r y r e asonabl e s u pp os i ti on tha t i t
cam e by cha nce and a r el a ti onw hich i n c om m onw i th fa cts
, ,

b e fore notic ed se em s to r e fer all the pl ane ts to a c om m o n

,

p ar entage and com m onlaw of p r od u cti on w hi ch i s acco u nte d

, ,

for on ly by the ne b u l ar th e or y C er tai nly so m any r em ar k .

Th e sp h ere of attr ac ti o nof a p l

net, is a cir cl e w h ose rad iu s i s d eterm ined by th e
a

p oint b etw ee ntw o conti gu ou s p l an ets i n con j u ncti on, w h er e an obj ec t w ou l d b e at

tr acted to n ei th er of th em , b u t w ou l d b e exa ctly p oised be tw eenth e tw o con tend ing
for ces F or anaccou n t of Ki r k w ood ’s d iscov ery, see Silli m ans Am eri canJ ou rnal of
’
.

S ci ence, Vol i x , S econd Series, p 395

. . . .
30 TH E NE B ULAE H YPOTHESIS .

a bly concu rr ent facts p oi nting to the sam e concl u si on as t o

,

the or i gi n of ou r pl an e ta r y sy s t e m c ann ot r e a son

,
ably b e s e t

d ow na s so m any m e r e for tu i tou s coi nci d ences .

F i nally the the or y i nq u e s ti on i s the only one w hi ch d o es

,

not e i the r i nv olv e i ne xp li cab le and i nconce ivabl e m y s te r i e s or

‘
,

s u pp o s i ti ons t o tally u n fou nd e d i n any of the k now nl a w s of

cau sati on Thi s theor y on the o ther hand com m end s i tse l f
.
, ,

t o h u m a nr ea s onan d i ntu i ti on wi th ou t b e i n
, g en c u m b er e d w i t h
an s er i ou s d i ffi cu l t i e s ; an d a s i t i s con fe s s e d ly u n hi loso hi
y , p p
c al t o l ook for a ne xpl an ati on of a p he n om en onw i thou t the
s p he r e O f k n ow n n a tu r al l a w s w he n a fu ll e x p l an a ti on m a
, y
b e fou nd w i t hi n the sph er e O f those l a w s the neb u l ar the or y,

m a b e con s i d e r e d a s es ta bli shed at l e as t u n til i t i s in v ali d a t ed

y ,

by fu r th e r d i scov er i e s .
 C H A PT E R IV .

THE NA T U RA L H I S T O R Y O F T H E S I D E R E A L U N I VE R S E
ANA L O G I C A L L Y R E T R A C E D .

'

F ROM ntem
co p l ati ons of ou r ow n s ol ar sy stem let u s now ,

e x te n d ou r O b s er va t i ons and r e fl ecti ons i n to the i m m e a su r abl e

r eal m s of t he s tell a r u n iv er se b ey ond and se e w h at gl eam s of
,

ligh t w e c anO b tai ni nr efer ence t o the natu r al hi s tor y of that

g r and S y stem of sy s tem s of w hi ch ou r ow n conger i e s O f
,

w or l d s form s a s i t w er e b u t anatom
, ,
. F a cts and ang ogi e s
w hi ch n eed n ot he r e b e p a r ti cu l a r iz e d ha v e e s tabli she d the
,

u n i v ers al b eli e f am ong astr onom e r s that the so call e d fix e d -

“ ”

s ta r s ar e b u t s o m a n y r em ote su ns shini ng to other sy s tem s .

The se ar e not d i s tr ibu te d e qu ally thr ou gh the c el esti al sp ace s ,

a s t hou gh th ey ha d b e ens catter e d a t r an d om fr om anO m n ip

oten t h an d ; b u t th e y ar e a r r an e d i nd i s t i n c t c lu s ter s or fir m s
g ,

m en ts s o cal e d w hi ch h av e li ttl e or n
, l ,
o a pp a r e n t con n e c t i on

w i th e a ch othe r Te leSC Op ic ob s e r v a ti ons h av e p r ov e d tha t

.

“ M ilky W ay w hi ch su rr ou nd s
”
the b ri ght gi r d l e call e d the ,

o u r hea v e n s i s on
,
ly a gr and conger i e s of star s s o r em ote and , ,

ow i n t o t h e i r r e m o te n e ss fr om u s app are n tly so n ear t o e a ch

g ,

o the r tha t the i r i n

,
ter m i n li
g g n ra y s r eac h u s o n ly i n th e a
p
ear an c e of a c on fu se d w h i t i sh li ght O f thi s v a s t z on e of
p .

shi n ing orb s all the l e s s r e m ote s tar s i ncl u d ing ou r ow nsu n
, , ,

a r e m e m b e r s the i r v a ryi n d i r ec t i on s b ein i n a m e a s u r e t he

, g g , ,

r e su l t O f d i ffe re n ces i nt he i r d i stan c e s fr om the p oi n t o f O b s e r va

tio n an d h enc e of the d i fler ent an l e s a t whi c h th ey a r e vi ew e d

'

, , g .
32 TH E SIDE REAL UN IVER S E .

N ot only h av e l iv e d i s tances of va r i ou s p orti ons of

the r e at

thi s g r an d cl u s te r b ee np r oxi m at ely d e te rm i ne d b u t the sp a c e s ,

b ey ond hav e b e en s ou nd e d The p r oce ss by w hi ch thes e r e

.

su lts h a v e b e en a cc om pli s he d m a b e e a sily b r ou ht w i t hi n

y , g
t he r e a d e r s com p r e he n si on by the foll ow i ng ill u tr a ti ons :
’
s

S u pp os e a ny giv enobj ect i s r e m ov ed fr om a p oi nt of ob se rv a

ti on to a d i s tan c e a t w hi ch i t i s b a r ely d i sc e rn ibl e by the
nak e d e y e N ow a tel e scop e w hi ch ha s the p ow er of p ene
.
,

t ra ti n sp ace to t en t i m es the d i s ta n c th t n b e r ea che d

g e a ca

w i th t he n a k e d e e w o u l d s how tha t s a m e O bj e c t w i th the

y , ,

sa m e d egr ee O f d i s ti n c tne s s t enti m e s a s far Off Tak e then .

, , ,

a t el e s cop e of t w e n ty d egr e e s of s p a c e p en e tr a ti n p ow e r a n d
g
-

r em ov e the obj e c t t w e n ty ti m e s i ts fi r s t d i s tan c e and i t w ill ,

s t ill b e s e en wi th e qu al d i s tin ctn ess an d app ar e nt nearness .

And s o al so of s till l ar g er t el e s cop es and corr e sp ond i ngly

far ther d i s ta n c es .

N ow w h enw e gaz e i nto the h eav ens ona c lear ni ght w i th

, ,

the n ak e d e e w e O b s e r v e i nan giv e np or ti onof t he M ilky

y , y ,

W ay a d i stinc t nu m b e r of sta r s the fa i ntest O f w hi ch a r e ,

b ar ely d i sce rnibl e If the as tr onom e r then tak es a tel e s cop e

.
, ,

of tenp ow e r s a s c om p a re d w i th the u n
,
a ss i s te d e e a n
y d su r ,

v ey s the sa m e fi el d all the s tar s b e for e Ob s er v e d w ill a pp e a r

,

w i th i n cr e a s e d b r illi an c y b e s i d e s w hi ch m an
,
y m ore w ill b e
V i s ibl e the r e m ote st and fai nt e s t of w hi ch m ay b e p r e su m e d
,

t o b e t ent i m e s a s far off as the fa r the s t on e s w hi c h p r evi ou sly

app e ar e d . He then tak e s a s till l ar ge r tel e s cop e and s till ,

m or e O bj ec ts app e a r the r e m ote s t of w hich m a

, y i n lik e m an ,

ne r b e p r e s u m ed t o b e si tu ate d i na r el a tiv e d ep th of sp a c e
,

p r op or ti one d to the i ncr e a se d d eg re e of tele S OOp i c p ow er S o .

c or r e sp on d in ly of a l a r e r an d s till l a r e r i n st r u m en t u n til
g g , g , ,

on e i s O b ta i n e d w hi ch r e v e al s n o m or e s ta rs b u t on ,
ly show s
tho se i nthe s am e fi e l d of V i e w i ni n cr e ased b r i ghtness The
,
.
 THE H EAV E N S S O U N D E D . 33

s p ac e p enetrati ng pow er i s aga inau gm ente d and s till no m or e

-
,

s tars a r e b r ou g ht in t o V i ew The ob ser v er the r e for e legi ti

.
, ,

m a te ly co n cl u d e s tha t he has r ea che d the ou ter li m i ts of the

g r ea t c l u s te r to w hi ch w e b el on g a n d ,
i s n ow tr a v e rs i n g the
bl ank voi d b eyond .

B u t i s he to c oncl u d e th at he ha s sou nd e d the sy s te m of

s tell ar c r ea tio n s to i ts r em ote s t d ep ths a n d that b ey ond these
,

b ou nd ar i es th ere a r e no m or e v e stig es of the C reator s

,
’

en er gy 4 L et hi m au g m ent the op tical p ow er b u t one d egr e e

"

m ore a n ,
d p erhap s i n the d i m a nd a w fu l d i s tanc e he w ill b e
hol d a fai nt and s ca r cely d i scer nibl e sp eck or s tr eak of w hi ti sh
light Int he e xci te m ent of i r r ep r e ss ibl e cu ri osi ty he hastens
.
,

t o d i r e c t t o the sp ot the l ar g e st te l esc op e t he ob s er va tor y

a ffor ds an ,
d that sam e w hi ti sh sp ot glo w s i nto m y r i a d s of b eau
t i fu l s ta rs— an othe r g al a xy or M ilky W a — an
y oth e r
Q m a

m en t p er ch an c e d i spl ayi n g i ts glo r i e s to i ts ow nu nnu m b er ed

"

, ,

w orl d s an ,
d p eali n g i ts ow n no tes of si l ent ha r m ony r esp on ,

s iv e to the m ov e m en ts of all ki n d r e d sy s tem s "

As by the i nd efatig abl e e x e rt ions of the tw o H er sch el s the ,

h eav ens hav e b een sw ep t by the tel e scop e i n all d i rections ,

m or e thantw o th ou s an d fiv e h u nd r ed of th es e i sol a te d ste ll ar

s y stem s h av e b een b r ou ght t o li ht s o m e sm all e r a n d s o m e
g ,

l arg er th an the grand clu ster i nthe m i d st of whi ch ou r ow n

su nan d sy stem ar e si tu a ted .

L et u s now l ook a t s o m e of the p he no m en a whi ch th es e v a s t

s tar r y c on reg at i on
g s p r e s ent a nd f r o m w hi c h i n
,
fere n c e m ay
b e d ra wna s to w h ether i n r egar d to th e ir i n
,
tern al s tru c tu r e

an d lavv s an d hence thei r m od e s of Or igi n th ey h av e an h i n g

‘

,
‘

, y t
i ncom m onw i th ou r ow nSolar sy s tem an d wh et he r the an al
‘

ogi es of one m ay b e appli ed inu nfol di ng the m y ster i es of the

o th er .

And the firs t thin th n lly c n io n i n h

‘

g a t a tu ra a ttr a ts atte t su c
34 THE SIDEREAL UNIVERSE .

a n
ni v es ti ga ti on i s p es and app ar ent r el ativ e d ensi ti es
,
the s ha

o f thes e s ta r r y c l u s t er s By te l es copi c m easu rem ents of r el a

.

tiv e d i stan ce s i nr e l a t iv e d i r e c ti on s a cc om pli she d i nthe m an

,

ner b efor e ill u s tr ate d S i r Willi am H er s chel d e ci d e d tha t the

,

g r eat cl u ster of w hi ch ou r ow nsu ni s a m em b er and of w hi c h

, ,

the g r ea ter po r ti onof s tar s o w i n g to th e ir i m m ense d i stances

, ,

se em t o r e s t on on e en e r a l pl a i n an d s u rr ou n d u s i n the
g ,
“
g r eat z one c all e d the Milky W ay i s of an i r r egu l ar for m
”
, ,

a pp roa chi n g that of a ci r cl e b u t thick i nthe m i d d l e and thi n

‘

, ,

t o w a r d the e d ge s i n on e of w hi ch th e r e i s a ho r iz on
,
ta l spli t
or op en i ng O ther cl u s te r s a r e of all c once ivabl e for m s b u t
.
,

of the s e for m s the r ou n d or obl a tely sp he roi d al m ost p r e

, ,

v ail s Ev en i n e l ong ated c u r v e d angu l a r and b r anchi ng

.
, , ,

c l u st e r s the r e a r e oftena pp a r en
,
tly s e v e ra l c e n t e r s of i n cip i

en t r otu n d i ty G enerally thes e c enters a r e w ell d efined and

.
,

to w a r d th e m the s ta rs t hou gh w i th ani n ,

app r ec i abl e m oti on ,

a r e app are n tly fl ow i n fr om a ll d i r ec ti on s b ec om i n thi c k er

g g ,

an d m ore com p r e ss e d a s they app r o a ch and b ei ng thi n ,

ne r ,

an d gr a d u ally shad i n b i n i n vi s ibili ty m or e d i s tan

'

g fi to a t ,
t
r em o v e s .

The g ener al u ni for m i ty i nthe app ea r anc e s of the se s phe r i cal

agg r ega ti on s an d e sp eci ally of the i r c om p a rat iv e d ens e ne s s i n
,

t he c en t e r w hi c h then
,
c e g r ad u ally an d r egu l a r ly d i m i ni shes ,

i nall d i r e cti ons t o w a r d the c i r cu m fer enc e show s tha t the i r

, ,

a g re ati on i s g ov ern d by s om e g r an d la w ; an d w ha t c an
g g e

t i b e b u t the fa m ili a r law of G

h s r a v i ta ti on — that i d en ti ca l la w

w hi ch i n the s am e for m of a c ti on i s s o p ote n

, ,
t i n ou r ow n

s y s te m givi ng sp her i ci ty to e v ery c oll ec ti onof fl u i d p art icl e s

, ,

fr om tho s e w hi ch c om p os e the p l ane t t o those w hi ch form the ,

d e w d r op " It i s g r ati fy i n t o fin d i n t h o s e r e m o te c r eat i on s

g
-

su c h di s ti n ct i nd icati ons of a p r op e r ty w hi ch i s p ossessed i n

c o m m onwi th ou r ow n sy st em an d whi ch bi n ,
d s the nearest
 V A R I AB L E S TA R S . 35

a nd r em ote st form s i n the c el es ti al sp aces i n one co mm on

,

bo nd of sy m p a thy and b r othe rhoo d .

B u t the d i scov e r y of the la w of g r a vi tation a s applicabl e to ,

th es e d i s tan t w or l d s a s w ell a s t o the or b s o f ou row npl a n e ta r y

Sy stem na tu ra lly engend e r s the p r e su m p ti on tha t the w ho le

,

ser i es of l aw s a n d g ene r al op e r a ti ons w i th w hi ch gr a vi ta ti oni s

h er e ne ces sar ily connec te d appli es to them al so w i th li ttl e or
, ,

no m od ificati on And a fu r ther i nqu i ry w ill d i scl ose c el e sti al

.

p heno m ena w hi ch tend g reatly to str eng thenthi s p r e su m p ti on ,

if n ot t o c on v e r t i t i nto a p osi tiv e convi c ti on .

C o ntem pl a ti ng ou r ow n s ol a r s y s tem w e a r e s tr u ck w i th
,

the fa c t that r ev ol u ti on ar y m o ti one v e r y w h er e r e v a il s T he

p .

pl anets ar e const antly w hi rling u p on th ei r ax e s and p er form ,

in t h e i r g r an d o rb i tu al c i r cu i ts i nt he hea v en s T h e s u nhim
g .

s e l f r otates u p onhi s ow n ce n te r o n c e i nab ou t t w en t — s e v en

,
y
d ay s . . Thi s r e v ol u ti onhas b e en a sce r tai ned by the p er i od i cal
v a ri a ti onof the p osi ti onof sp ots onhis d i s k .

B u t s e v e r al of the s ta r s of ou r fir m a m e nt e xhibi t a p he
'
nom enons i m il ar to thi s fr om w hi ch ou r su ns r o ta tor y m oti on
,
’

has b een i n fe rr e d
. That i s they al ternately and i n r eg u la r
, ,

er i ods giv e for th a g r e a t er an d a l e ss d eg r ee of li ht a s

p , g ,

thou gh they ad a b r igh te s t s i d e an d a s i d e of a l e ss d egr e e of

h
b rightne s s w hi ch w er e al ter nately and a t r egu l ar i nter v al s
, , ,

p r e s ente d to u s by a r ev ol u ti onu p on the i r a x es: Thi s i s one

o f the fac ts w hi ch h a v e c on fi r m e d a str onom ers i nthe other wi s e
v e r y na tu ral p r e su m p ti on that the star s ar e su ns lik e ou r ow n
, ,

an d whose app a r ent d i m inu tiv eness i s o n ly ow m g to th ei r

i m m ense d i sta nces .

Ther e ar e al s o m any instan ce s i nw hi ch the v ar yi n g r el ativ e

po si ti ons of tw o or m ore s tars ar e su ch as to ind i cate a r evo
lu ti onar o u n d e a ch other an ,
d a ro u n d a com m oncenter S om e .

O f these s tars hav e v ast p er io d s as for i n , ,

stan ce the d o u bl e ,
36 TH E SIDEREAL bN IVER SE .

s ta r C a stor , w hos e co nsti tu ents r ev olv e a r ou nd each o ther i n

2 1 5 y e a r s ; G a m m a i nthe cons tell ati onof the V i r gi n, w hose
,

c on s ti tu en t s r e v ol v e i n6 2 8 y ea r s ; G am m a of t he L i on ,
w hos e

c on s ti tu en ts r e v olv e i n 1 2 0 0 y ea r s ; a n d M iz ar a nd Al cor i n ,

the t a il of the G r e a t B ear , w hi ch a c cor d i n , g t o P r ofe s s or

N i chol , w ou l d p r ob ably c onsu m e not m u ch l e s s thanthe i n

c on c e iv a bl e p e r i od of y ear s i n c om pl e ti ng a S i ngl e
r e v ol u ti ona r ou n d e ach o the r " O thers a c c om pli s h th ei r r evo -

l u ti ons i nm u ch l e ss than 1 0 0 y ear s .

By e stabli shing the fac t that r ota tor y and orb i tu al m oti ons
a r e e xp e r i e n ce d by m an y of the s ta rs , the e x tr e m e p r ob abili ty
i s a t the s am e t i m e e stabli she d on anal ogi cal gr ou nd s that ,

s i m il a r m o ti on s a r e e xp e r i en c e d , w i th p e r hap s s om e m od i fi
, ,

c at i on s , by a ll s tars . W e a r e a t l e as t, no t w i thou t s tr ong,

,
‘

not t o s ay d e m onst ra tiv e e vi d e nc e , that m oti ons of thi s ki nd

a r e goi n o n i n th e c e l es ti al sp a ce s ona m u c h ran d e r s ca l e
g , g
thana n y w e ha v e
y e t d e s cr ib e d. B y c om p a r i n t he p os i ti on
g s

o f the s tar s i nthe m od er nhea v en s w i th the i r p os i ti on s a s re

p
r e s en ted i n an ci en t ca tal ogu e s , S i r Willi a m H e r s che l fou n d
that in on e q u a r t e r of the firm a m en t, the y w e r e a pp a r e n tly

d r aw i n n i h er t o e the r , w hil e i n t he opp os i te q u a r te r the y

g g g
w e r e app a r e n tly r e c e d i n g fr om ea ch o the r . T o a c c o u nt for

these chan i n a pp e ar an c e s H e r s ch e l c on j e c t u r e d tha t o u r o w n

g g ,

su n i th ll h i s r e ti nu e o f pl an e ts , w a s m ov i n i ns om e r an d
,
w a g g
p ath tow a r d a p oi nt i n the constell a ti on H e r cu l e s Afte r .

m u ch d ou b t an d m a ny c r i ti cal e x am i na ti ons su b s e qu ent ,

i nv e s ti ga tor s hav e su ccee d ed i n es tabli shi ng thi s opini on on

ani n d u bi tabl e b a s i s .

B u t i nthe hand s of Argel and e r S tru v e , Pe te rs , and e sp eci

,

ally o f M a e dle r the th e o ry of t hi s s ol a r m o ti onw a s m ad e to

,

a s su m e s till m or e d e fi n i te for m . Inferr i ng w i th other s , from

,

an alogy , that the p ath d escrib ed by ou r l u m i n ar y m u st b e the

 M AE D L E E
’
S C EN T RAL S UN 37

cu r v e of a n or bi t ar o u nd som e r em ote c enter , the l atter of

these a str on om e r s b e took hi m sel f to the e x am i nati on of
an c i en t c a ta l ogu e s of s ta r s, w i th a vi e w to a s c e r ta i ni f the r e

w a s an y d i s co v e r abl e d i s tr i c t i nthe hea v e n s w h e r e all the a

p
p ar ent m oti ons of the s ta r s w e r e su ch as to c om ply w i th the
cond i ti ons w hi ch m u st nece ssa r ily characte r iz e a c entr al r egi on .

S u ch a d i s tr i ct w as fou nd ; and the s tar AL C YONE, i n the

c l u s ter Pl e i ad e s , w a s d e c i d e d t o b ei ts cen te r
. Ar ou nd thi s
p oi nt ther efor e, ou r ow n su n and the w hol e firm am ental
, ,
’

c l u ster to w hi c h i t b el on g s, w e re su pp os ed to b e r e v olvi ng
w i th 1 m m e n s e v e l oc i ty , m or bi ts c oi n c i d en t w i th the ge n er al

pl ane of the M ilky W ay , and r e qu i r i ng no l e ss thanei ghteen

m illi on s of y ea rs to a cco m pli sh a s i n l e r e v ol u ti on"
g
W hate v er d i v e rsi ty of opi ni on the r e m ay e xi st r el ativ e to
the l egi ti m a cy of the c o n cl u s i ono f M ae d le r , w hi ch l oca te s the

cen te r of a ll ege d or b i tu al m oti ona t the p oi n t occ u p i e d by the

‘

s ta r Al c y on e I b e li e v e i t i s n ow en e r ally , i f n o t u n iv e rs ally
, g
a d m i tt e d by a s tr on om e rs , tha t su ch orb i tu al m o ti ond oes e xi st

a r ou n d som e c enter , not v e r y r e m ote fr o m that regi on .

The e vi d enc e u p on thi s p oi nt g r eatly s tr eng thens the

an al o y w hi ch o f i tsel f p oi n t s t o the c on cl u s i on that thos e
g , ,

i s ol ate d gl ob u la r and othe r cl u s te r s of s tars , si tu ate d i nthe r e

m ote r r e al m s of s p a c e , an d w hi ch app e ar to h av e b e enaggre
g ate d by i nte rnal p ow er of gr a v i tati on, a r e al s o sc ene s of p er
e t u al r ota t or y an d orb i tu al m oti on D i d n ot th ese m oti on s,
p .

w i th th e i r r e su l tan t c entr i fu gal for c e s , e xi s t t o cou nte r v ail , i n

som e d e r e e , the for c e o f i n t ern al r a v i ty thos e firm a m en t l

g g , a

cl u s te r s w ou l d d ou b tl e s s e xi s t i n m u c h m o r e d e n
'

s e m a s se s

th a nthos e i nw hi ch the y n ow app ea r .

B u t i f thi s concl u s i on thu s app r oxi m ate s to a c er tai nty ,

ther e are fa c ts w hi c h p oi n t to a s till m or e e x te n d e d ap p li

cationof i ts p r incip l es In the sou thern h eav ens, a d qu i te
'

. n
38 TH E SIDEREAL U N I V ER S E

k
.

d etach ed fr om the M il y W ay ,
ar e tw o b ri ght sp ots w hi ch
o u ther nnavigators h av e d esi gnate d by the nam e of
“rl
’
f ag el
s

D u r i ng hi s a s tr onom i cal r esi d enc e

”
la ns C lou ds a t the C ap e
’
.

of G ood H op e s om e y e a rs a go S i r J oh nH e r s chel by the a i d

, ,

of hi s t w en ty fee t t el e s c op e su cc ee d e d i nan ,
aly z i n g these ob
j ec t s an d,
f ou n d t h a t ea ch o f them an d e sp e c i ally t he l ar e r
, g
on r m a m en s c om bi n i n g m an y e x t en s i ve
e w a s a sy s tem
,
o
ffi t ,

c l u s te rs i n to on e " O f the s e a s sy s tem s a nal ogy w ou l d

, ,

a u thor i z e u s t o p r e d i ca te i n
-

te r n a l g r a vi ty a n d g en e r a l an d p ar
t i c u la r r ota tor y an d orb i tu al m oti on s B u t the m agni t u d e of
.

thi s c om pl e x u n i ty how e v er i nconce i v ably gr eat m ay after

, , ,

all b e b u t anat om i nthe i m m en

,
s i t y of u l t e r i or c r e a tio n s to

w hi ch i t b el on g ;s a nd o n t he
,
b a s es of i ts a n a l og i e s w e m a
y ,

i
r e o t t he i d ea l f
o a s t ill hi h e r s y s t e m — a s y s te m w hi ch m a
s
g y
b e su pp os e d to em b race i n i ts s tru c tu r e all the firm am ental
c l u ster s n eb u l a
,
an d sy s tem s of sy s te m s h er etofor e k now nt o
,

t ele s0 0 p i c ob s er ver s an d c ou ntl es s m or e b es i d e s

, .

N or i s the i d ea of su ch a nall com p r ehens iv e s y s tem of sys

-

t em s w i thou t the su pp or t of fa c ts as w ell a s of a n ,

al ogi e s It i s .

s ai d that al thou h n eb u l ae r e s olv abl ean d i r re solv abl e app ea r

g , ,

in e v e r y qu ar te r of t he hea v ens the y a pp ear i n g r ea tes t ,

ab u n d anc e i n a com p a r ativ ely na rr ow z one w hi c h e n c i rcl e s

the h e a v e n s cu tti n the pl an

g e of t h e M ilky W a a t r i ht
, y g
an l e s Thi s arr ang e m ent goes far to e stabli sh the i d e a of a
g .

F r i m a m ent of firm am ents a G al a xy of gal axi es i nw hi ch all

, ,

s i d er e al c r eati on s whi c h ha v e c om e wi thi n the r ea c h of the

m o s t po w er fu l tel esc op es a r e b ou n d tog e th e r i non e com m on

,

s tru ctu re b r ou ght w i thi nthe s pher e of t he s am e c o m m onl aw s

, ,

an d m ad e to ob s er v e thr ou gho u t s i m il a r r ota tor y and orb i tu al

,

m o ti on s wi th tho se w hi c h p r e v a il i n ou r o w n s ol a r s s
y
tem which l atter m ay b e cons i d ere d a s an ep i to m e and
,

r ep r esen ta tiv e of the whol e "

 TH E G R E A T C E N TE R . 39

W e h av e thu s s een that w h e r ev e r the w o nd er s of the

c elesti al sp ac es h av e b e en d i sti nctly u nfol d e d the r e v ol u ti on ,

o f sa te lli t es a r ou nd pl a ne ts of pl ane ts a r ou n
,
d su ns of s u n s ,

ar ou nd ill g reate r su ns of sy s tem s ar o u nd s till g reater

st ,

sy stem s of cl u s t ers a r ou n
,
d s till gr eater c l u ster s i s re v ea l ed ,

as anom n ip r eval ent law And se eing the com pl ete u ni ty of

.

p l anand h arm ony of op era ti ons s o fa r as w e h a v e g one— se e

in t h e affe c ti onat e c o r el at io n s w hich a r e e x hibi te d b e tw e en
g
-

m ol e c u l e s an d wo r l d s an
,
d sy stem s and all stellar co n
, ,
g re
.

ati on s w i th all th e i r i n cl u d e d p art s— m a e n o t p r ol on

g , y w g
the chai nof an al ogy on e li nk farther and concl u d e that they
,

all t og e th e rw i th the m y r i a d s of S i m il a r c r ea ti on
,
s w hich d w ell

i nd ep ths of sp a c e which n o op tica l p o w er c ane v e r p en e tr a te ,

ow e the bo n d of u n i ty whi c h c onne cts th em and the har ,

m on i al i nfl u ence w hi ch w i el ds th em i n the i r m i gh ty c ou rs es ,

t o on e g r an d S ou r ce of c entral p ow er wh ose a ttr ac ti ons they

,

all i m pli c i tly ob e y an ,

d fr om wh ose g eni a l r ad i atio ns all
r e c e iv e the i r li fe " If the link s of the anal ogi cal chai n hav e
b een fou nd to cl osely a dh ere th r o u gh all the l aby r i nth s of
e v e r y r eal m of b e i n w hose e xi s t en c e m a b e v er ifi e d by
g y
o th e r p r oc e ss es w ho sh a ll b egi nt o d i s tr u st th a t ch a i nfor the
,

fi rs t ti m e after i t ha s cond u cted u s safely th u s far "

,
"

Th ou gh the hyp othe s i s of a c o m m onP ivot and C e nter of

g r a vi ty of the w hol e u n iv e r se m a
y not i n th e n a tu r e of
,

thi n g s b e su sc ep tibl e of anoc u l ar or com p le te m a them atical

,
'

d em ons tr a ti on y e t th er e i s i nter i or e vi d en
,
ce— I ha d a l m o s t

sa i d e v en the e vi d en ce of i ntu i ti on— that i t i s tru e i n som e

for m ; and I b eli e v e thi s i d ea i s now e x te nsiv ely r e c e iv e d a s
ana r ti cl e of a st r on o m ical fai th .

L et no one 1 s u pp ose that a m i d th ese i nco nc e iv abl e d i s .

t an ces and m ag ni tu d e s the fix ed p r i ncipl es of r easo ni ng lo se

,

th e ir vali di ty an d b eco m e u ntr u stwo r thy It i s tru e that i n

.
40 TH E S I D E R EAL U N IVE R S E .

t he s e gi d dy flights the i m agi nati on and concep tiv e p ow er s

,

b ecom e l ost and b e w ild e r e d ; b u t s o they d o i na g reat d e ,

g r e e b e for e w e ha v e t r av e l e d b e y on d th e i m m e d i a te n ei h
, g
b or hood of ou r ow nm u nd ane sp her e The d i s tanc e fr om the
.

ea r th to ou r ow n s u n i s m eas u r e d by m illi on s of m il e s a n d
;
e v enthi s a s on ,
e of the s hor te s t o f a s tr o n om i ca l d i s ta n ce s the ,

i m agi nati on can b u t fa intly conce i v e The d i s tance fr om the .

s u nt o the s ta r s i s m ea su re d by m illion s o f d i am et ers of the

e a r th s or bi t ; t he d i s tan c e fr om firm am ent to fir m am ent i s

’

m ea su r e d by m illi on s o f in ter s tell ar sp a ce s ; the d i s tan ce

e v enof the m os t i n ter i or fir m am e n t fr om the g r ea t C e n te r of

all c en ter s m ay i nthe e flor ts of the i m agi n a t i on b e m ea su r e d

'

, , ,

by m illions or e v enbilli ons of i nter firm am ental sp a c es ; and

,
-

the cir cu m feren ce of t he w h ol e G r a n d S tr u c tu r e m ay e v en ,

tr an s cen d all h u m an c onc ep ti ons of i n fi n i t u de

y e t f or m ,

l ocali ty r el ativ e p o si ti on c enter c i r cu m fer ence and h e nce

, , , ,

li m i ts m u st e xi st a s ab s ol u t e ly a s the y e xi s t i nthe s m all e s t

,

s p her u le of m a tt er vi s ibl e to the hu m ane e ; an d t o th e vi ew

y
of an ab s ol u te ly in fini te B e ing the w hol e Univ e rs e of u ni
,

v ers es m ay b e of com p ar ativ e d i m ensi ons not gr ea ter thana

si n l e ra i nof sa n d " A nd i f E h r en b e r g co u l d by the a i d of
g g ,

t he m i c r os c op e d e sc r y a w h ol e an
,
i m a l ki ngd o m i n a s ingl e
d r op of w ate r e ach i nd i v i d u al of the m y r i a d s of w h ose an
,
i
m a t e d for m s m u s t h a v e ha d e y e s t e e th s tom ach i n , ,
t esti n,
es ,

an d all the ap p u rt enanc es of a com p l e te anatom ica l s tru ctu r e ,

g o v e rn e d by u nv a r yi n g p hy s i ol o
g i c a l l a w s
; a nd i f by t h e

sam e m e an s he c ou l d d e m on s tr a te tha t a p a r ti cu l a r e ol o i ca l
g g
d ep osi t fou r teenfe e t thi ck and m il e s i n e x tent w a s m a d e u p
, ,

al m os t e x cl u s iv ely of the sk el e ton s of a n i m al s fo r ty one bil

,
-

li ons of w hi ch cou l d exi s t i na si ngl e cu bic i nch th enw e m ay ,

r est assu r e d that the p r i n cipl e s of n a tu r e e xi s t i n n o g r e a t er

co m pl eteness and i nno hi gh er or m o re inconce iv abl e co m p li

,
 A G E N E R A L I Z A TI O N . 41

cat o i ns ini n
, fi n i te s t h an th e y d o i n i n
fi ni tes i m a ls W. e m a
y ,

then w i thou t c r ow d in
,
g ou t any natu ral p r i ncipl e or d oi ng ,

vi ol ence to any j u s t m e thod of r e as oni ng r e d u c e the s cal e of

,

the u niv er s e i nou r 1 m agi n

,
ati on t o d i m en
,
si on s c on v eni ent to
b e conte m pl a ted 0 11 all s i d e s and foll ow ou t ou r r e asom n
, g s

w i th e a se a n d c om p ar at iv e c er tai nty r e sp e c ti ng i ts p r op e r ti e s ,

for c e s l a w s i nter nal a r r an

, ,
g em ents and p r og r es siv e p roce sses
,

of for m ati on fr om ,
b egi nni ng s t o u l ti m ate s .

C ons i d e r i ng then all g ene ral nat u ral p r i ncipl es as applyi ng

, ,

e q u ally to r e a te s t an d t o s m all e s t an al o ou s cosm i c al for m s

g g ,

an d to the w hol e u niv er sa l s tr u c tu re a s w ell a s to i ts i nd i

v i d u al p a r t s w e p r oce e d t o a n
,
othe r b r an c h of the ch ai nof

an al o i ca l r e a s on i n hi c h w i ll s p e e d ily c on d u c t u s to the
g g ,
w

p r i m al cond i ti onof the su bsta nce fr om w hich the m ateri al u ni

v e rs e a nd all i t c ontains w a s o rganiz e d
,
.

The neb u l a r the or y of pl a n e ta r y an d s ol ar for m ati ons a s ,

a pplyi n to ou r s ol a r sy s te m h as b e en s h ow n t o r es t ons o
g ,

m an y p r ob abili ti es a s s eem ingly to j u s ti fy the u nd oub ti ng

c on v i c ti onof i ts t r u th . B u t i f thi s the or y i s ad m i tte d a s ap
pli cabl e to ou r ow n s ol ar sy stem i ts applicabili ty to for m a
,

t i on s i nthe s i d e r eal r e al m s w ill a ft e r th e for e oi n sy s te m

, g g of
u n iv er s al analogi es has b e en t raced ou t scar cely b e d i sp u te d
, ,

p
e s e ci ally a s i t w a s i nthe s i d e r eal r eal m s tha t the fi r s t fa ct s

w e r e ob s e r v e d w hi c h s ee m e d t o i n ti m a te i ts tr u th And if all
.

plane tar y and s ol ar a ggl om erati ons origi nated fiom p r evio u sly *

d i ffu s e d neb u l ou s m a ss e s the n i nvi e w of the u nb r ok encha i n

, ,

w hi c h w e ha v e s e en b i n
, ,
d s a ll sy stem s t oge the r a s one s y s tem ,

t he foll ow i n s ta t e m en t i s i ts ow ns u ffi c i e n t p r oof
g
As the sa telli te s w er e fb r m ed fr om t he s a m e or i gi nal neb u
l ou s m ass fr om w hi ch the p l ane ts o rigi nate d s o a p r ior s tate ,

o f tha t m a ss w a s a s ta t e of u n i ty and i nter d iffu si onw i th the

m a s s w hich com p osed the su n The m ate r i al s of tha t m ass
.
,
42 TH E S I D ER EAL UN IVERSE
‘

i n lik e nner, p r evi ou sly c onne c te d and inter d iflu sed

'
‘

m a w er e

w i th the m a ss w hi ch form e d the m or e i nter i or s u n arou nd

w hi ch i t r e v olv e s an d ou t o f w hi ch w e r e for m e d all su ch o the r
,

u l ti m a te s u n s a s i ncom m onw i th ou r ow n n
,
o w r e v olv e a r ou nd ,

the s am e c e n ter The su b s tanc e o f all su ns a nd sy s tem s c orn

.

p osi ng ou r firm am ent m ay b e su pp os e d al so to hav e b e en

,

p r e v i ou sly i nte r d iflu s ed i n one a m orp hou s u nd i s ti ngu i shabl e

'

m as s . S o the su b s tanc e of the s u ns a n d sy ste m s of all o the r

fir m am ents toge ther w i th the s u b s tance of the gr ea t c entr al
,

s p he r e o f u n iv er sal a ttra cti onw hi ch bi nd s and s u bo r d i nate s

t he m a ll w a s
,
i n lik e m an
,
ne r i n an or i gi nal neb u l o u s and
,

f rm l e s s s tat e ; a nd the w h ol e u niv e r sal su b s tanc e w a s then

o

b u t one su b s ta nc e s o hi ghly a ttenu ate d and e xp and e d a s to b e

,

w i thou t d efi n i te for m s d ivi si ons o r c om p a r tm ents— an i n

, ,

d e finab le u niv e r sal MONAD

,
Ins hor t a s ou r ow n s ol a r sy s ,

t em i s a chil d of t he g r e a t Un i v e r sal S y s te m and i s for m ed i n ,

t he i m ag e of i ts p ar e n t the p r i m al con ,
di ti onof the m a te r i al s
o f on e ,
m u s t h a v e b e en p r ec i s ely an al og ou s to tha t of the

o the r ; an d if the sol a r sy s tem ger m i nate d fr om an or igi n al

neb u l ae so d i d the sy s tem of the w hol e u ni v e rs e

, .

B u t i n thu s u nr a v eli ng the c om pl e xi ty of all m ate ri al for

m a t i on s
,
an d tr a c i n g t h em al l t o a n o r igi na l u ni ta r y n
a d , ,

c ha oti c s ta te w e a t the s am e t i m e u n
, r a v e l the c om pl e xi t y of

m oti on an ,
d not on ly a r r iv e at i ts o r igi nal a nd s i m pl e s t for m ,

b u t a t a s tate i nw hi ch i t m u st nec e s sar ily h a v e ha d no form — x

a sta te i nw hi ch i ts p r i n cipl e s w e r e a s c haoti c a s or 1 1 n al m at

g
t e r i tsel f or w h a t i s the sam e thi n
, ,
g at a s tate i nw hi ch no ,

es ta b li shed m oti o nex i s ted .

W e h av e thu s ar r iv e d by ane asy a nd a d m i tti ng ou r p r e , ,

m i s es an a pp ar ently c er t ai n p r o c e ss , at the v e r y r oot of the

, ,

Tr e e of u niv er sal m ateri al creati ons at the gre at u ni tar y -

G erm of all firm am ents, su ns , sy stem s, and wo rl d s, wi th the

 A NA L Y S I S AN D SY N TH E S I S
“
. 43

m i neral Veg etabl e ani m al a nd h u m an form s whi ch d w ell

, , ,

u p on thei r s u r fa c e s . If the r e ha s b e enany e rr or inthe for e

g o i ng r e a s on i ng s ,
i t h a s p r ob ably b e e n a n e r r or i n th e
f or m

r a th er t hani n the r in ci les of o u r c on l i n s an d t he e rr or

p p c u s o ,

the r e for e d oes n ot e sse n ti ally e ffe c t the m a i n obj e c t c on tem

pl ate d i nthi s d i s qu i si ti on B u t of the t r u th of the p os i ti ont o

.

w hi ch w e h a v e a r r iv e d by thi s a n aly tica l p r oc e s s fr om ,

u l ti

m a t e s t o o ri i n
g s or fr om
,
e ffe c ts to cau s e s a dd i t i on
,
a l e vi d en ce s

w ill her ea fte r i n c i d en tally occu r a s w e p r oc e e d by a nopp os i te

,

an d sy ntheti ca l p r oc e s s fr om ca u s e s to e ffe c ts
,
. The t w o p r o
c ess es w ill s e r v e a s m u t u al c or r e c tiv e s of e ach oth e r ; an d by
the ai d of b oth u n i te d w e h op e to s om e w hat e nl ar g e ou r
,

t r u thfu l con c e p ti on s i nr el a tio n t o t hos e p r i n c ipl e s l aw s

, ,
an d
op e r ati on s of the u n i v e r se w i thou t w hi ch na tu r ally lie b ey ond
,

t he p r ovi n ce of m athe m ati c s and ocu l ar d e m onstrati on b u t ,

w hi ch n,
t e v e r thele s s ha v e t he i r c ou n
,
terp ar ts r ep r e s en
,
ta tiv e s
,

an d e xp o n en ts i nthe u n iv er se w i thi n.
 C H A P TE R V .

MA T ER I AL B E G I N N I N G S A S P O I N T I N G TO A
S U P E R MA T E R IA L C A U S E
-
.

HAV ING thu s tr ace d the sy s tem of m ater i al cr eatio nthr ou gh

a se r i es o f a nte r i or cond i ti ons c om p r ehend i n
, g p e r i od s w hi c h ,

p erhap s ,
n o a s s em bl a e of a r i thm e t i ca l fi u r es c ou l d e xp r e ss
g g ,

t o a s tat e inw hi ch the m a te r i al s of a ll w o r l d s , sy s t e m s , a n d

fir m am ents , w ere i na c ond i ti on of d i ffu s ed a ttenu a te d v ap or ,
w i th n o d efi n i te or establi she d m oti ons, the i nqu i ry ne x t
ar i s e s W a s e v e nthi s the ab s ol u tely p r i m i ti v e sta te of m a te r i a l
,

thi n m a tt e r e v e r e xi s t i na n or m s p r e vi ou s
g s" D i d yf or m or
f
to thi s s ta te of chaos " or , i f n o t , w as i t , i n t hi s s ta te , e t e r nal "

or , i f n ot a b s ol u t ely e ter n al e i the r i nthe s ta te o f for m s or of

ch aos , w he n c e an d how d i d i t or i gi na t e "

The i d ea t ha t m a tte r e v er e xi st e d i n any m u nd ane form s
p r evi ou s to thi s , a nd b e cam e su b s e qu ently d i ssolv ed , not only
has no a nal ogy t o su ppo r t i t, b u t se em s t o b e contr a d i c te d b y
an e s tabli she d law of n a tu r e
. I r e fer to t hat law by w hi ch
a m or ph ou s or c ha oti c m a tter i n m o ti on ha s the e n e r al a n d
g
p r ed om i nant t end ency to assu m e and m u l tiply for m s It i s .

not d eni e d tha t m oti onof p ar ti cl es t end s al so t o the d i ssolu

ti onof m at e ri al for m s b u t t h a t d i s sol u t i on i s a l w a y s s u b s e r
,

vi ent to i m m ed i a te and hi ghe r r e com bi nati ons The ki ngd om .

o f m oti on an d form s , ther e for e , ha v e e v er b een a n d s t ill a re

,

an n
( d w e m a
y co fi d e nt ly b eli e v e e ver will b e ), m aki ng far ther
an d farth er en cr oachm ents u p on the r eal m s of ch ao s and
 '

S U P E R M A T ER I A L C A U S E
-
. 45

i ne r ti a ; and w o nqu e re d by the for m e r can nev er

ha te v er i s c

b e fu lly r e conq u e r e d by the l a tte r And thi s i s b e cau s e the .

form er p ow e r i s p os i tiv e a n d the l a tter i s n ,

e a ti y e
g .

If m a t te r the r efore w a s e v er i na s ta te of m u ndane or or

, ,

a n i z e d for m s p r e vi ou s t o the c h a oti c s ta te n ow u n d er c on t em

g
l ati on i t m u st hav e for e v e r c on ti n u e d i nth a t s a m e g en e r al
p ,

s ta te a n,
d e v ento p rog r e s s iv ely u nfol d the tend en ci e s by w hich

i ts for m s w e r e as su m e d ; and no n a tu r al po w er c o u l d h a v e

b r ou gh t i t b a ck aga i n to the form l es s s tate The cha oti c or .

neb u l ou s s tate i nw hi ch w e ha v e s e eni t m u s t neces sa r ily h av e

e xi s te d at the b e i n n i n f th e c os m ical c r ea tio n m a t h er e
g g o y , ,

for e b e i nfe r r e d to b e i ts p r i m i ti v e s ta te
,
.

B u t that m atter e v e ni nthi s i nd e fi ni te s ta te w a s ab s ol u tely

, ,

eter n a l i s a ni d e a w hi ch an
,
al ogy s o fa r a s i t s p ea k s u p onthe ,

s u bj e c t d i s ti nctly contr a d i c ts *
The m a te r i al of e ach for m
‘

gd om i n na tu r e m a y b e tr ac ed ba ck
.
,

an d ki n w a r d fr o m high est
t o l ow e s t d e v el op m en ts i m m e d i a te ly b e y ond w hi ch l a tter i t
,

l os es i t s el f ina m or e ru d i m ental c r e ati on w hi ch s e r v e s a s i ts ,

r ou n d w or k T h u s the a n i m al ki n g d o m t ra c e d d o w n a r d to
g . w ,

i ts l ow e st an d s i m pl e st form s fi nally l os es i ts c ha ra c te r a s ,

an i m al and m erg es i nto the v ege tabl e ; the v ege tabl e i nlik e
, ,

m an ne r fi nal ly l os e s i ts el f i n the m i ne r al the m i ne r al or

,

c r s talli n e fo r m s p as s d ow n w ar d i n t o t h e n r a l a m or ph ou s
y ’
g e e

m a s s of pl a n eta r y m a tt e r ; pl an e ta r y m a tt e r m a b e t r ace d
y
d ow n w a r d thr ou h m or e r u d i m en t al e o l o i ca l c on d i t i ons an d
g g g ,

thr ou gh i gn e ou s liq u i d an d a er i form fl u i d u ntil i ts d i s tincti on

, ,

i s l o st i n pl ane ta r y neb u l a ; thi s i n i m agi n a ti on m a ,y b e ,

tr a ce d i nlik e m an
,
ner u nti l i t i s l os t i nthe gene r al ga s e ou s
,

m a s s of the u n c on d ens e d s u n; and s o w e m ay p r ocee d i nr e ,

tr ogr a d e st ep s u n til w e fin ,
d the m ater i al s of all fo r m s and

L t it b
e k d n f ll th t by
e r em ar e , o ce tt ” I
or a np hy i l b t n in
,
a m a e r, m ea s ca su sa ce

contradi stm cn
onto sp i r i tu a l su bstance .
46 MATER IA L B E G I N N I N G S A N D

k i ng d om s ar e l ost i nthe g r eat com m o nm a s s of or igi nal cha

i
o t c m a tter .

B u t i nthu s tr aci ng b ac k all form s and ki ng d om s to the i r

r e sp e c ti v e a n d i m m e d i a te p re d e c e s sors w e a t t he s a m e t i m e
,

t ra c e b ac k w a r d t he on e an d a nal ogou s ki n g d om o f Un i v er sa l

M a tter a s su ch ( w hi ch i ncl u d e s all the othe r ki ng d o m s ) from ,

i ts hi ghe st t o i ts l ow e s t for m s ; and a s ther e i s a p oi nt b e neat h .

w hi ch a ll ki n d om s l ose th e i r i d en ti t y an d th e i r e ss e nce s a r e
g ,

m e r e d i nanan t er i or ki n d om so a n al o y w o u l d s e em t o in
g g , g
d i ca t e that the r e i s a p r i or p oi nt of a t tenu a ti onand r e finem ent
a t w hi ch the g re a t ki n d om of M a tt e r a l s o l oses i ts c har a c ter
g
as m a tte r or p hy s i c al su b s tan c e an
,
d thu s tha t i t or i gi nate d as
m a tte r fr om a p r i or sou r ce a s d i d all i t s i n
, ,
c l u d e d s u b ki n -

g
d om s . Thi s i d e a w ou l d app e ar i ngreater cl e arne s s and for ce
of p r ob abili t f on m pl a te d i nt he li ht of the d oc t ri n e of
y i
,
c t e g
S e ri e s D egr e e s a nd C o r r e sp ond enc es he r eafter t o b e b r ou ght
, , ,

i nto vi ew ; and i t w ill r e ceiv e i nc i d ental confi rm ation a s w e

p r ocee d to consi d er the o ri gi nof M oti on .

'

If (c ontr a r y to ane x t r e m e p rob abili ty n ot to say ab sol u te

,

ce r tai n ty e s ta bli she d i n p r e vi ou s r e m ar k s the hyp o the s i s i s

, )
s till i n s i s t e d u p on t hat the cha oti c m a tter of w hi c h thi s u n
,
i
v e r se i s com p os e d c onsi st s of the d i ssol v e d el em ents of a p r e
,

v i ou s m ate r i al u n iv erse the qu e sti onw ill s till a r i s e Wh enc e

, ,

ori gi n ated the m a tter c om po s i n tha t u n iv e rse " And s o w e

g
x en d u r in q u i r i e s b ac k t hr ou gh a th o u san d i m a in
m a
y e t o g ed
r e e xi s t en t u n iv b u t the m i n d u s t c om e t o a r e s ti n
p e r se s m
g
-

p l a ce som ew her e It i s l ogi ca lly j u st a s c er ta i nthat the r e w a s

.

a fi r s t u n i v er s e (i f w e are m i s ta k en i ns u pp osi ng that thi s i

t he fi rs t) a s i t i s tha t ther e w a s a fi rs t v ege ta bl e for m or cl a s s
,

o f for m s w hi c h l a t te r p r op osi ti on i s p osi t i v ely d e m on s tr a t e d

,

by fa cts i ng eol ogy And a fte r w e hav e g one b ac k i ni m agi

.

nation to an ab s ol u tely fir s t u niv er se the qu esti onw ill s till

, ,
 S UPER M A TE R I A L C A U S E
-
. 47

r e tu rnu nansw er ed , Wh enc e o ri ginate d the phy s i cal s u b stanc e

c om p osi ng tha t u niv erse "
As the li ne of p r ogr e ssi ontr ac ed b ac k w ar d necessar ily l ea d s
to a beg i nni n o f th e s y st em o f d e v e l op m e n t s t o w hi ch i t
g
appli e s , s o the li n e of cau s a ti on ,
i nv e r se ly t r a c e d n,
ec e ss a r ily

l ead s to a F i r st C au se, whi ch i s i tse l f u nca u sed, thou gh c onta i n

i ng i n i ts el f the el e m ents of all cau s e s, an d h enc e all e xi s t
en ce s . And a s the wh ol e Ani m al King d om , for e x a m pl e ,
ne c e ssar ily r ests u p on the b asi s of a p r i or and i m m e d i a tely
cor e l a te d an d c o rr espo n d en t Ki n g d om — the Ki ng d om of Veg
e ta ti on — s o the w h ol e Ki n g d om o f u n i v er sa l m a ter i a li ty , s o t o

sp eak , a s n e c e ss ar ily r e sts u p onthe b as i s of a p r io r an d im m e

d i ately co r el at e d and cor r e sp ond ent Ki n g d om . Th i s Ki n g
d om , then, m u s t b e u ltr a phy s ical i n the sam e w ay a s the
-
,

V ege t abl e K i n d o m i s u l tr a an i m al ; a n d i t m u s t d i ffe r i n n a

g
-
-

t u r e an d cons ti tu ti on fr om the w hol e Ki n g d om of p hy si cal

s u b sta n c e , at l ea s t a s m u ch a s the V eg etabl e Ki n g d om d i ffe r s
fr om the Ani m al , or a s t he i m p elli ng and m ovi ng e ss ence of
the hu m anm i n d d i ffe r s fr om the i m p ell e d an d m ov ed e ssen ce

of the hu m anb od y .

N ow , u n l e ss w e s u ppo se thi s u l tra phy sical (and h ence u n

-

phy si c al ) Ki n g d om to b e a Ki n g d om o f S p i r i tu a li t , t her e i s
y
no conc ep tiv e p ow e r c or r e sp ond i ng to i t i n the hu m anm i nd ,
an d henc e i t i s t o the hu m anm i nd a nothi ng , and cann ot e v en
’

b e anobj e c t of thou ght m u ch l ess of fa i th, .

B u t i t m ay b e a s k e d W hence origi nated thi s Ki ng d om of

,

S pi r i tu ali ty ,
w hi ch i t i s h e re all eged m u st ha v e v ed a s the
s er
”
b asi s of p hy s i cal cre a ti on" If w e shou l d answ er that i t

o ri gi nate d i na hi ghe r and u l te r i or spi r i tu ali ty and that tha t ,

o r igi na te d ina s till hi he r a nd th a t i n a s till high e r nd i f

g , ; a

w e c ou l d thu s p r ol on o u r thou hts to an ab s ol u te e ter n i t y

g g
an d i ns ear ch of the O r igi nof o r igi n s w e wo u l d s till hav e o n ly
,
48 MATE R I A L B E G I N N I N G S A N D

sp i r i tu a li ty — a n INFINI T E R EAL M of S pi r i tu ali ty b ey ond ,

the
i d ea of w hi ch ou r thou ghts l d not p os sibly go W e m ay
c ou .

s e t i t d o w n the n a s a c o n cl u s i onw hi ch all a n al ogy affir m s

, , ,

an d w hi ch the r e i s no c once iv abl e r ea son t o d ou b t that thi s ,

w hol e r eal m o f M a te r i ali ty o r i i n a te d i n thi s p r i or an d o

g , c r

r e sp on d ent R eal m o f S PI RI T UAL I T Y .

N ow spi r i tu ali ty i ni ts i nte r i or n

, ,
a tu r e po s s e s s e s the p r op ,

e r ti e s of a ec ti on thou g h t a n d v oli ti on an d h e s e ag ai n a r e
fi
'

, ,
t , , ,

the a tt r ib u t e s o f p er son a li ty Thi s u l ti m ate and hence i nfi ni te

.
, ,

R e al m of S pi ri tu ali ty the r efor e i nv olv es the i d ea w hi ch w e

, ,

m ean to c on v e y by the t er m G O D : a nd the i nfini te s er i es of

deg r ees of s pi r i tu ali ty of w hi ch the m i nd ha s j u s t c onc e i v e d i n
i ts s ea rch a fter the O rigino f or i gi ns m ay b e su pp os e d to cor ,

r e s p on d t o the i nfi n i te ser i es of d eg r e e s of the ha rm oni ou s

fa cu l ti e s of the one I nfi ni te G od a s the se m ay b e s u ppo s e d to ,

b e r ep r e se nte d i nthei r a sce nd i ng s cal e fr om the m ost e x te r i or ,

p or ti onof the D ivi ne natu r e w hi ch conne cts w i th M ate r i ali ty ,

t o the m os t i n te r i or p or ti on s of the D i v i n e S ou l w hich ro

p ,

j e c ts, g e n e r a te s an,
d vi ta liz e s a ll t hi n s
g .

In s ayi n g the r e fore that the w h ol e Ki ngd om of Phy si ca l

, ,

S u b s ta nce a s su ch or igi nated i n a p r io r a nd c o r r e sp ond i ng

,

Ki ngd om of S pi r i tu ali ty w e i n effe ct s ay th a t i t o ri gi nated

, , ,

i na S ou r ce p oss e s si n g affec ti on i ntelli genc e v oli ti on and hence

, ,

p er s o na li ty
— i n a B e i n g w h o w i thou t a n r e str a i n
, , y t o r c on s t r a i n t
fr om ou te r and p hy s i ca l i n fl u ences (w hi ch d id not thene xi st) ,

c ou l d fr e e ly c r ea t e o r a b s ta i n fr om
,
c r e a ti ng accor d i ng to the ,

i nte rnal p r om p ti ngs of hi s o w nInfini te M i nd .

B u t le t m e not b e u nd er stood a s a rgu i n g th at the m a tt e r o f

thi s u n iv er s e w a s c r eate d by G od ou t of nothi ng The m i nd .

c a nn ot c on c e iv e o f an s u ch thi n a s n othi n o r of s om e thi n

y g g g ,

c om i n ou t of n o th i n n d th r e fo re the i d e a m a b e a t on ce
g g; a e y
d i sm i ss ed from the m i nd as b ei n g i tse l f a m e n ta l n o thi n g B ut .
 S U P E R M ATER I A L C A U S E
-
. 49

if w e su pp ose th at spi ri t i s anessence and that m a tter a s su ch , , ,

w as c r ea te d ou t of thi s e ss en ce ther e w ill a t l e a s t i n thi s

,

b e no vi ol a ti on of the l aw s of tho u ght ; and the r e a so ns on

w hi ch s u ch su pp osi ti ons m ay b e g rou nd ed w ill i nc i d entally and
m or e d i s ti n c tly ap p e a r a s w e p r oc ee d .

The re i s a p hil osop hy e x tant w hi ch i nsi sts th at m atter has

n n n m oti on an y
f
o i tse
lf a i he e t p o w e r o f d t h a t m a t te r
( o r p h s
'

r ,

ical s u b s tanc e ) i s eter na l B u t that thi s a ssu m p tioni s u nten

.

abl e i s obvio u s fr om
,
the foll ow i n g consi d e r ati ons : M otioni n
m att er a s show n b e for e
, nec essar ily t end s t o b r i ng m atter
,

i nto for m s and i f m o ti onw as fr o m e ter ni ty i ne te rnal m a tter ,

t h e nm a tter m u s t fr om e ter n i ty ha v e b eenbr ou gh t i nto for m s

— nay i nto the u lti m a te and hig hes t for m s w hi ch that m oti on
,

i s qu alifi e d t o eng end e r B u t a s i t i s sens ibly c er tai n that

.

t h e s e hi ghe st form s d i d n ot e xi s t fore v er a n d r a ti onallyce r

‘

tai n tha t t h e y m u st hav e u l ti m a t e ly S p ru n g f r om a s t a t e o f

p r im eval chaos i t follo w s of necess i ty that m oti oni nm a tter
, , ,

cou l d not hav e b eenfr om e te rni ty .

M o r eo v e r i f m oti oni s ani nh er ent p r op er ty of m a tter th at

, ,

m o ti onm u s t b e the r e s u l t of a for ce a d e qu a t e to p r od u c e i t

;
an d tha t for c e m u s t b e e i ther m echa ni ca l or chem i ca l Bu t
s of i tse l f an
.

tha t m at te r co n tai n d i ni ts el f n
,
o m echa n i ca l for c e
, ,

i s s el f ev i d e nt
-
. C onc e iv e of any b od y of m atter w heth e r an ,

a tom or a w or l d b e i n , g i n a S tat e of p e r fe ct r e st : i t i s e vi d en t
that th a t b o d y has wi thi ni ts e l f n o m e chan i cal for ce a d e qu ate
t o m ov e i tsel f m
,
u c h l es s t o ac t u p on k i nd r e d b od i es It i s .

cl ear th er efor e that m a tter ha s w i thi ni tsel f and originally of

, , ,

i tsel f, no m e chani cal force a d e q u a te to p r o d u ce m oti on i n

an case ; a n d t h e r efor e i f a b od y a t r e st i s n t t d p n
y , ,
o ac e u o

by ane x tra neou s m ovi ng for ce i t w ill nec es sar ily r em ai n for
, ,

a u g h t m echa n i ca l for ce s can d o i n p r e c i sely the sam e p lac e

, ,

an d will p o ssess p reci sely the sam e b u l k an d co nsti tu en t s to ,

5
50 M ATE R I A L B E G I N N I N G S .

a ll e ter ni ty . Thi s sel f evi d ent and gener ally

-
r e co gniz e d p rop
e r ty of m a tter is ca ll ed i ts i ner ti a .

It i s not d eni ed tha t a c hem i ca l p ow e r— a p ow e r of e xp an

s i ona n d cond ensa ti on, or of al t e r i n g t h e in t er nal a r r a n e m e n
g ts

o f p a r ti cl e s— m a b e l od e d i n b o d i e s of m a tt e r ; b u t thi s
y g
p ow e r i s on ly the s tr iv in g fp
o a r ti cles or a n e u i li br i u m
f q B u t .

un l e ss the r e i s a c onstantly ac ti v e i nfl u enc e rec eiv e d fr dm a

q
n s ou r ce, the e u i li br i u m m u s t necessa r i ly be fina lly a t
ta i ned , an d all a c ti onw ou l d then cea se , ne v er to b e ren ew ed

by any i nhe rent for ce , s i m ply b e cau se s u ch for c e i s exha u s te d .

If w e then cons i d e r the w hol e u n i v e r s al m a s s of p hy sica l

su b s t a n c e a s the m ass of p a rti cl e s s u pp os e d t o b e su bj ec t to
,

thi s i n te r n al che m i ca l a c t i on ,
t ha t a c t i on ,
an d i ts p r od u c i n g
for c e , c ou l d not b e e te r na l a nd u no ri gina te d , b e ca u se i nt ha t
ca s e i t w ou l d m an i festly fr om e te rni ty , hav e a tta i ne d t o an
,

i nte rnal e qu ilib r i u m , and all a cti onw ou l d h av e c ea s e d The se .

c on s i d e ra ti on s show tha t e v e n che m i ca l a c ti on a nd t h e r e fo r e

,

che m i ca l forc e , m u s t ha v e ha d a b eg i n ni ng , and th er e for e a

ca u se, i n s om e p ow er or con tr ivi n g agent bey ond the m s el v e s ,
an d ou ts i d e o f the m a tte r i nw hi ch they i nher e *
B u t a s the r e
.

w as n o othe r r e al m o f p hy s i ca l m a tte r fr o m w hi ch the y cou l d

‘

b e su ppli e d , w e a r e d r iv ento the on ly other al te r na tiv e of su n

p osi ng that they w ere s u ppli ed fr om a Sp ir i tu a l S ou r ce — fr om
the p e r son al Re a l m of a ffe c ti on ,
i nt e lli g e n c e ,
a nd v oli ti on ,
w h i ch
w e h av e b e for e p r ov e d t o b e u n or ig i n ate d , a n d henc e i n n
fi e i t .

If thi s r e asoning i s c or r ect then the concl u si oni s ob v i ou s ,

,

t h a t a ll m oti onof w hat ev e r ki n d a s w ell a s the phy s i ca l s u b

,

s tan c e a cte d u p onby i t, m u s t hav e ha d a n u l ti m a te or1 g 1n1 n

Spir i t— IN GC D "

It m ay be a d d ed , th at ch em i c al for ces, as inh erent p rop er ti es or or i gi nal , am or

bl
p h ou s, ne u ou s m a tter , m u s t h av e e ene b x ceedi n ly k
g w ea , i f i n su h m atte r
c su ch in
h eren l x
t forces cou d hav e e is ted at all, w hi ch is e xt
rem e ly d btf l
ou u .
 C H A P TE R V I .

P RI N C I P L E S OF U N I VERS AL S Y N T HE S I S .

W E h av e now c om pl e ted ou r d escendi ng vi e w of the r eal m

of B ei ng w i thou t u s and tra ce d the m
,
a t e r i al c r e a ti on t o i ts

s u p er m a ter i al
- — h ence spi ri tu al— hence D i v i ne C au se The ,
.

c om pl e t i onof thi s g en e r al a n a ly si s u nfol d s to u s the tr u e b a s i s

of all sy n thesi s ; a n d k e epi ng i nv i e w the S pi r i tu ali ty S el f
, ,

e xi s te nce an ,
d D i v i ni ty of the O r igi nal C a u s e w e m ay now ,

p r ocee d to i nqu i r e w hat m ay b e k now n or l egi ti m ately

, ,

b eli e v ed i nr el ati onto the or igi n m odu s op er a nd i and gov e rn

, , ,

m en t o f M a tt e r a n d M oti on and of all the s u b s e q u ently

,

e s tabli s he d Cre a ti on s s y s te m s a n
,
d ki n g d om s now co m p r i se d
,

i nthe g en e r a l fab r ic of o u ter B e in g"

I am aw ar e ho w ev e r th at m a ny w ill b e lik ely to c onsi d er
, ,

q u e sti ons of thi s natu r e as too far abov e the sp here of the hu
m ani n tell e c t t C j u sti fy a n at tem p t e v ena t the m os t g ener a l
,

s ol u ti on . B u t let u s not b e d i sc o u r ag e d It w a s i nti m ate d i n

.

the ou t s et of the p r es en t t r eati s e tha t nothi n g e x

,
i s ts i n the

r ea lm o
f b ei n g W I THO U T m a n w hi ch ha s n,
o t an an t i typ e a nd
c or r esp on dent i n the r ea lm of bei n g W I TH I N hi m a n d t h a t all ,

w hi ch e xi s t s w i tho u t an d all w hi ch e xi sts w i thi n p ossess

, ,

tow ar d ea ch o ther the r ela ti o ns f

o cog ni za ble j
ob ec ts a nd
p rin c ip les ,
a nd c og ni z i ng f acu l ti es B e s i d e s ,
w e hav e al r e a d y
.

fou nd r e a son t o b eli e v e tha t L aw i s u nv a ry i n g; a n d i f s o ,

i t
m a b e tr ac e d i ni ts op e r ati on s, n t n ly i n l f o l t i
y o o v er s e y r m u

m a te s to or i i n s of c r e a tio ns u n l i n l
’
g fo d g ,
s b u t a s o d i e tly
‘

r c
52 PRINCIPLES O F S Y N TH E S I S .

fr om o r i gi ns to u l ti m ates And as the w ond erfu l p ow e rs

.

of a n al o y h a v e con d u c te d u s w i t h a pp a r ent s afe ty thr ou h

g g
the i m m en s e l aby r i nths of the s tell ar c r e ati on s i nou r effor t s ,

t o t r ac e the m d ow n w a r d to the i r co m m ons ou r ce w e shou l d ,

not d e sp ai r of d er iving s om e s u b stanti al a id fr om the sa m e

m od e of r eas on i ng w henappli e d to the s ol u ti onof th ose m or e
,

p r ofou nd and i m p ortant qu esti ons w hi ch ar e e m b rac ed In a

sy n theti ca l i n v e s tigati onof the sy stem of B ei ng .

As form i ng the b a si s of the p r ocess of i nv e sti gati onnow to

b e p u r su ed w e her e lay i t d ow n a s a s el f e vi d ent p r op osi ti on
, ,
-

tha t ea ch a nd j i s g er m i n
ev er y e ec t a lly con tained i n i ts ca u se,

a nd hence, w hen d ev elo ed n

p ,
ecess a r i ly cor r esp onds to i ts ca u se .

W e r e thi s not the ca se, ne i ther c au se nor e ffe ct cou l d p r op e rly

b e call e d su ch and ther e co u l d b e no conce ivabl e s e qu en
, ti a l
r el ati onb e tw eenthe t w o .

F or e x am pl e i n the o r d er of tan
,
gibl e d ev el op m ents by
w hi ch m an i s su rrou n d e d the V eg e tabl e Ki n
,
g d om p r e ce d es ,

an d ser v e s a s the m at e ri a l s ou r ce of the An i m al Ki ngd om It

, .

there for e for m s the m a ter i a l el e m e n t of the cau s e of the

Ani m al Ki ng d om thou gh a m o r e e s s enti al e l e m ent of the

,

cau s e of thi s a n d all other cr e ati ons i s of a sp i r i tu a l c h ar a c te r

, ,

s u ppli e d fr om a s ou r c e that i s a b ov e the p a r ti cu l a r cr e a ti onto

w hi ch i t a ppli e s a s w ill b e fu r th e r ill u s tr a te d he r e a fte r

,
Bu t .

the tw o ki n g dom s su stai ni ng t ow a rd each oth er a s the y d o

, , ,

the r el ati on s of t he m a t e r i a l el e m e nt of a c au s e an d the ,

m at e r i al e l e m en t of an e ffe c t s tan d thu s fa r a s m u tu al cor

, , ,

r e sp on d en ts an d e xp onents of ea ch other Inl i k e m anne r the .

,

V e getabl e Ki ngd om s tand s a s a m at er i al c orr e sp ond ent a nd

e xp on en t of the M i n e r a l Ki n d o m w hi ch i s i ts m a t er i a l s ou r ce
g ,

an d ca u s e and c ontai n
,
s the fu n d am ental p r i ncip les o f i ts c om
p osi ti ona nd phy si cal p r op er ti e s thou gh i na low er deg r ee S o
,
.

the M in e r al Ki n gd om in lik e m anner has i ts phy sical co ne

, ,
 PRINCIPLES O F S YN TH E S I S . 53

s
p nd ent i n the
o m a ss o f a m o rph ou s pl anetary m atter w hi ch
s er v e d a s i ts s o u r c e ; an d s o by lik e g ra d a tions the chai nof
, ,

an al ogy c a r r i es ou r m i n d s b ack w a r d thr ou gh pl aneta r y ne b u lm ,

s ol a r n e b u l ae e tc
,
. u n
,
til w e com e to the on e g r e at u n iv e rs al , ,

u n d ivi d e d m a s s of cha otl c m atte r w hich m u s t ne c e ss ar ily,

ha v e co n tai n e d w i thi n i tse l f u n d e v el op ed the m a te r i al ele

, ,

m en t s of s tell ar s y ste m s s ol a r sy s tem s pl an

,
e ts m in
,
e r al s , ,

v egetabl e s ani m al s and e v en the p hy si cal el em ents of the

, ,

h u m an constitu ti on Thou gh i nd e fini te i n the e x tr em e thi s

.
, ,

i n i ts occ u l t p r op er ti e s and a d ap tatio ns m u s t a s a u n ,

iv er sal
,

m ater i al G e r m ,
h av e i nvolv e d the p hy si cal co rr e sp ond ence s of
all the c re a ti on s w hi ch su b s e qu e n tly sp r a n g fr om i t i n the ,

s the a c orni n v olv e s the p hy s i ca l c or r e sp on d en c

k
sa m e w a a es
y
of the fu tu r e oa ; a n d by a n i n t ellig en c e c a p abl e of
p e rc ei v

i ng i ts i nt er io r p r op er ti es an d a d ap tat i ons i t m i ght ha v e b e en

,

p r edi c ted
,
i n a g e n e r al w a
y w h a t
,
ki nd o f c re a t io n s w er e d e s

ti n e d to s p r i n g fr om i t .

B u t a s the Ani m al King d om p h y si cally sp eaki n

,
g a s ,
w

p r e viou sly contained i n the V eg etabl e and the V eg e t abl e ,

Ki ngd om w a s contai ned i nthe Mi ner al and so onthrou gho u t ,

the d e sc en di n g sca l e so the , g reat o r i i n

g a l u niv er sa l Ki n d om
, g
of u n fo rm e d m a tter a n ,
d w hose u n d e v el op e d p r o p e r ti es and
p ri ncipl e s w ere typi cal of all su b se qu ent a nd s u b or d i nate
Kingd om s w as i tse l f as one Ki ngd om p r evi ou sly i nv olv ed
, ,

i n the i nfini te e ternal an

,
d un
,
o r iginated Ki ng d om of S pi r i t
u ali ty which as b e fo r e s h ow n con
, ,
sti tu te s the D I V INE PE R
,

Thi s Kingd o m of S pi r i t u ali ty— in oth er wo r d s

”

S ON AL I TY .
,

n
the D ivi e P rs o al B e i g
e n n — com p r i se s th er efor e not only the
, ,

m a te r i a l or su b s tan i al u t the spi r i tu a l an v li i n l n

( t ) b ,
d o t o a a d ,

h ence the enti re el em ents of the C au se of all thi ngs i nu niv ersal
c r ea tio n; an d h en c e the C r eat o r an d the cr eated m u st s tan d as
m u tu al e x p o n en ts of ea ch o th er .
54 PRINCIPLES OF S YNTHES IS .

That the g reat Ki ng d om of u nive rsal m atter and w hat for , ,

the sak e of p ers picu i ty w e h a v e call e d the gr ea t Ki n

, g d om o f
u n iv ersal S pi ri t stand in r el ati ons to each oth er s i m il ar to
,

ou gh m ore c om p r ehen s iv e an e rfe c t t ha n the r el ati on

( th d p ) s

s u b s i s ti n g b et w een any tw o c onj oi ne d su b ord i nate kingd om s

i nn a tu re i s ani d ea w hich i t i s d e s i r e d the r ea d er sh ou l d d i s
,

tinc tly co m p r e h e n d a s i t li es at the fou nd ati on of all t ru e

, _ ,

m ate ri al an d spi r i tu a l p hilo sop hy an

,
d w ill a s i t i s b eli e v e d
, , ,

t en d to entir ely r e cl ai m s ci ence fr om the g en e r al te n

d eney whi c h i t has lon g app arently had to P anthe i sm and
,
,

Athe i sm .

C onsi d er m g th a t m atter a s s u ch or igi n ,

a te d i n the c r ea t iv e
,

e ffor ts of S pi r i t an d h en ce M i n
,
d ther e i s anothe r p oi n
,
t of

v i ew ,
fr om w hi ch i t will app e ar that m atter bo th i n i ts ,

p r i m e v al sta te and i n all i ts su b s e qu ent s tates of m u nd ane

,

for m s m u s t ne cessar ily h a v e b een i n e x ac t co rr esp ond e nc e

,

w i th i ts S ou r c e a n d p r od u ci ng C au se W e k now s om ething .

of the n a tu r e a n d op e ra ti on S of M i n d by e xp e r i enc e and c on

'

s ci ou s n es s W e k now tha t the m i nd of the a r chi tect for

.
,

i nstance c ons tr u cts an e di fice wi thi n i ts el f or w i thi n i ts ow n

, ,

co ncep ti ons and th ou ghts cons tru cts i t as an i nv i si ble and

-

sp i r i tu a l e dific e— b efor e p roc ee d i n g to giv e i t a phy si ca l

for m i n the ou ter wo r l d After the b u il d i ng i s p hysi ca lly
.

e r ecte d th e r efore i t s tan

,
d s a s a p r e ci se i m ag e and c o rr e
,

s on
p d en t of i t s ar ch e ty p e o r co nc ep t io n which fi rs t e xi st e d i n
the m i n d .

Appl y i ng th ese p r i ncipl es to the su bj ec t u nd er p r esent i n

v e s tiga ti on w e m a co n si d e r the D ivi n Th u ght as the Ar chi
y , e o

t e et a n
,
d the u n iv ers e or any of i ts sy s tem ati cally organiz ed
,

stag es of d e v el op m en t a s the Edific e N ot only th en m u s t.

, , ,

the ar ch ety p e of the u n iv ers e i ni ts m atu ri ty w i th all i ts har ,

~

m on i ou s wo rl d s an d sy stem s b u t e v en the ar ch ety p es of

,
 P RI N C I P L E S OF S Y N TH ES I S . 55

t ho se ato m ic a nd i nfi ni tesi m al fo r m s c ons ti tu ti ng or i gi na l

C h a oti c m a tte r h av e d i s ti nctly p r e e xi s te d i n the D ivi ne
,
‘

s pi r i tu a l a n
,
d m ental c ons ti tu ti onfi i

The D e i ty and the u niv e r s e— the r eal m of S pi r i t and the

r eal m of M at te r— the r e fo r e s tan ,
d to each othe r i nthe r el a ti on
of Ar che typ e an d Anti typ e— o f C au se an d Effe c t— and ther e
for e t he t w o a s b e fo r e r e m a r k ed s tand a s m u tu al e xp onent s
, ,

of e ach o the r .Inor d e r there for e to arr iv e a t s om e gene ra l

, , ,

con cl u s i on s i n r e feren c e t o the c on s ti tu ti on an d p r i nc ipl es of

c r ea t i ona s a w hole a n d al s o i nr esp e ct to the consti tu ti onand
,

p r i ncipl e s of i ts i ncl u d e d and c orr espond ent su b sy stem s le t -

u s fi r st b r i efly i n te rr og ate R ea s o nan d In tu i ti oni nr e fe r e n ce to

s om e su ch g e n e r al fa c t s a s w e canc om p r e h en d r esp ec ti n g the

,

con s ti tu tio nof the D ivin e B ei n g .

The o nly w ay i nw hi ch w e c anob tai nany d e fi ni te an d p ro

r c on ep t i onof the D i v i n e B ei n g i s by fi r st c on c e ivi n o f
p e c , g
a t ru e a n d u nd egene rat e d hu m a nb ei ng— su c h b ei ng the c u l m i
na ti ng p oint of all D ivi ne c r eati ons and hence the e m b od i e d ,

r ep re s en ta tiv e of all the D ivi n e affe c ti on s Al thou gh i t i s not

.

the i n te n ti on t o b a s e the p r op os i ti on s of thi s w or k onthe e u

thor i ty of i n s pi r e d w r i ti n s
g ( w ha t e v e r con r m a ti on
fi s of s u c h

w r i ti n g s m ay/b e i nci denta lly d e v el op ed i n the c ou r s e of ou r ,

oso hi ca l i n v i a t i on e ca n n n hi s pl ace v i
p hi l p e s t g s
) w ,
o t i t ,
a o d ,

no ti c i ng the b ibli cal d e cl ar ati ontha t G od c r ea te d m ani nhis

c tio n
”
ow ni m a e a s i m pli ed ly s an i n g ane n d ea v or onou r p a r t
g ,

to u n d er s tand all t hat w e m ay com p r e h end of G od by a c o m ,

p ar i sonof the k now l e d ge w e h av e of m an Spi r i t i nd e e d i s .

, ,

e s s en ti ally of the sa m e n a tu r e w her e v er fou n d w h e ther e xi s t,

i ng i na fi n i te or ani nfini te d eg re e thou gh i t i s ack no w l e dged

,

Th e i d e a of h er e p r ese n
Ar chetyp es, as te d , w as ori g i nal ly n
co ce i v e d by Pl ato,

an d form ed a p rom i nen l

t fe atu r e of h is p h i osop h ; th ou gh th e y au th or h ere d eri v e s i t
from sou rces ind ep end ent of ’
Pl
ato s teach i n gs .
56 PRINCIPLES OF S Y N TH E S I S .

t h at it m a xi s t i n d i ffe r en
e t shad e s of m o r a l c h ar ac te r as
y
r e s u l ti ng fr om d i ffer ent com binati ons d ev el op m ents and d i rec , ,

t i on s of the fa cu l ti e s C onc e i v e th e n of a p erfectly cons t i

.
, ,

t u te d m an a m an w h os e p hy s i cal i ntell ec tu al a n ,
d m or a l ,

natu r e s a r e i n h ar m oni ou s d e v el op m ent and then c once iv e ,

t hi s m ant o b e e xp an d e d to i n fi n i tu de an d y o u h a v e the t r u e s t
,

an d hi gh e st conc ep ti onof G od of w hi ch the hu m an m i n d is

ca p abl e .

B u t i t w ou l d b e d iv er ti ng the r ead e r too far fr om the obj ect

o f thi s p or ti on o f ou r tr eat i s e to e nter a t p r e s en
,
t in to a n

e l ab or ate d i scu s s i on of the qu es ti on Wh a t i s m an" Thi s

,

qu es ti onshall b e d i scu s se d a t l ength i nthe se cond p art of thi s

w or k B u t for the p r esent w e m u st c onfi ne o u r selv e s t o a fe w
.

p r op osi ti ons w hi ch to i ntellig ent m i nd s w ill app ear m or e or

, ,

l e s s s el f ev i d ent and of the tru th of w hi ch a s w ell a s of the

-

, ,

u l te r i or p os i ti on s w hi c h th e y w ill s er v e t o ill u s tra te c on fir m a ,

t io n w ill a ccu m u l a te a s w e p r oc e e d u n til an y r e a s on a bl

,
e

d ou b ts w i th w hi ch som e m i nd s m aya t fi rst r eg ar d th e m w ill , ,

i t i s b eli e v e d b e e i ther gr e a tly d i m i ni she d or enti r ely d iss i

,

p ated .

L et i t b e pp r ehend e d th en that the m ost g ener a l consti tu

a , ,

en t s of hu m anp e rs on ali t y a r e thr e e viz 1 S o u l o r int e r i or

;
,
.
,
.
,

V i tali ty w hi ch i s the s e a t of the affecti ons ; 2 S pi r i t or the

, .
,

o rganiz ed p e r va d i ng ne r v e el e m ent whi ch i n i ts l ow e r d e

,
-

, ,

r e e s i s the v ehi cl e of s en s a ti on an d i n i ts hi gher d eg r ee s i s

g , , ,

t he s e a t of the u n d e rs ta nd i ng ; and 3 B od y or v ehi cl e of .

,

o u te r m a n i fe sta ti onand ac ti on .

P r e ci s ely cor r e sp ond i ng to the s e a re the thr ee m ost c om p r e

hens i v e c onsti tu ents of t he D i v i ne B ei ng ; v i z 1 In te r i or .
,
.

S ou l L i fe o r L ov e ; 2 Spi ri t or Wi sd om ; 3 O u ter spher e

, , . .

or v ehi cl e of o p er ative En er gy the l atter co rr e sp on di ng to the

,

body i nm a n
.
 TH E S EVE N FOL D SERIE S-
. 57

B u t the c ons ti tu ents b oth of the h u m anand D ivi ne p er son

,

ali ty c on
,
s i d e r e d i nm o r e d e ta il e d r e fere n ce to e l em ents form s , ,

an d o u te r obj e c tivi ti e s a re a l s o i n each c ase s u sc ep tibl e of a

, , ,

sev en old d ivi s io n w hich m ay b e b r i e fly s tate d as foll ow s : 1

f ,
.

S u bj e ctiv e L ov e or L ov e as anab str act qu ali ty of the p er s onal

,

ess en ce ; 2 S u bj ectiv e Wi sd om or Wi s d om as an ab str act

.
,

qu ali ty of the p er s onal e ssenc e ; 3 S u bj ectiv e v oli ti on or .

,

voli tionas anab stract p o w er of the tw o p r evio u s el em ents com

b ine d and a p r oc ed u re fr om th e m b oth ; 4 The e ssences
,
.

h avi ng the p r op erti es of L ov e W i sd om and V oli ti on e m , , ,

bo d i ed i np er sona l org a ni sm ; 5 O bj ec tiv e L ov e or L ov e as .

,

r el ate d to o u te r form s 6 O bj e ctiv e Wi s d o m or VVi S d om as

'

.
,

r el ate d t o o u ter for m s

; 7 H a bi ta
. tio n o r a c o m pl e te sy s tem
,

of o u te r obj e cts an d c ond i ti ons r el ated to the whol e p er s ona l

natu r e and d esi res and i nw hi ch su ch natu r e and d esi fes b e
,

co m e e m b od i ed and r ep resented .

In m an the el em ents of thi s s e v enfol d cl assifica ti on c on -

t ai n wi thi n th em selv e s m an y co r r e spond i ng su b d ivi si ons -

s o m e of whi c h a r e m u ch m or e obvi ou s th an the fo r e g oi n g

g eneral d ivi s io ns a s will b e seenw h en i n the cou rs e of ou r
, ,

m
q u 1 r1 e s r e sp ec ti n g t he M I C R O C O S M or the u n iv erse w i thi n i t ,

com es i nor d er to d i s cu s s th em InG od the el em ents of thi s

.

s e v enfol d d ivi s ion m a

-

y b e p r e su m e d t o c on ta i n a n i n fi n i te

nu m b er of su b d ivi sions all of w hi c h ar e i nlik e m anner su s

-
, , ,

c ep tib le of corr esp o n d i ng s e v enfol d cl as sificati on

-
s ; an d thei r
co r el ation
-
s an d in te r c om m u n
-
ica ti ons m ay b e su pp osed to
consti tu te the i nfini te harm oni es and b e ati tu d es of the D ivine
sou l " O u r obj e ct a t thi s s tag e of ou r tre ati s e ho w e v er i s
.

, ,

li ttl e m ore thanto u nfol d the i dea of th ese cl assifications a s a

b asi s onwhi ch the g reat p l anwo r k of creation m ay b e c on -

c ei v ed l ea vi n
, g su ch evi d ences of the ir tru thfu l ness as exi st in
the n atu re of thi n s to b e in c i d n t lly d v lo p d a p o d
g e a e e e s w e r cee .
58 P R I NC I PLES OF S Y NT H E S I S .

Thi s se v enfol d cl assifi cati onof the p r i ncipl es of the D ivi ne

-

c on s ti tu ti on i s p rob ably w ha t the i n

,
spi r e d s e e r S t J ohnh ad .

r efer en
“
ce to w henhe sp ok e of the s e v enS pi r i ts of G od whi ch
go ou t i nto all the ear th ”
And i t w as u nd ou b te d ly the o u t
.

g oi ngs and effici ent op e ra ti ons of the se w hi ch p r o d u ce d the

v ar i ou s s e v enfol d D ivi ne anti typ es w hi ch w er e show n to the
-

sa m e i n sp i r e d s e e r u n d e r the fo r m s of the se v enc hu r ch e s of

Asi a M i nor ; the L a m b w i th s e v enhorns and s e v eney e s the
bo ok w i th se v ens eal s and the i r su cce ssiv e Op ening s a t se v en
,

d i ffe r ent ep och s ; the s e v enangel s w i th se v en t ru m p ets ; the

sev enth u n d er s ; the s e v enl a st p l agu e s e tc *
,
.

If i t b e tru e th en th at ther e a r e the se s e v en natu ral

, ,

d ivi sio n s i n the co n s t i tu ent s of the on e D ivi n e B e ing i t is ,

obvio u s th at an s y s t em of c r ea ti on or op e r a ti on w hi c h
y
p r esents a c om pl ete r e fl e x of w hat i s co ntai ned i n the
D ivi ne S o u r ce fr om which i t sp r ang m u st c ontai n a r e ,

p r esentation and ou ter e xp res si on of ea ch one of th es e D i

vine co ns ti tu ents and m u s t th erefor e as a whol e b e al so
, , ,

sev e nfold
-
.

Bu t
,
w e nthat N atu r e, as a Wh ol e , i s d ivi d ed i nto
ha v e s ee

m an y S y stem s, King d om s, or m o r e p rop erly sp eaking D i s ,

cr eet D eg r ees, r i s i ng one ab ov e another Each o ne of th e se .

Kingd om s or D eg rees (as w ill g ra du ally b e ill u strate d i nw h at

foll ow s ) co ntai n s w i thi n i tse l f the se v e nfol d s er i e s of p a rt s , -

a s the n atu r al e vol u tion ,

a n d r e p r o d u ctio n ona high e r s ca l e ,
,

The nu m ber sevenap p ears to h av e beenanci ently recogniz ed as a general nu m b er

of com p leten ess an d as su c h i t ap p ears to h av e b een h abi tu al ly e m p loyed by th e
,

sacr ed w ri te rs . fi
Th u s , i n th eir c las s i ca ti ons, th er e w ere se v en d ays ( or p er i od s ) of
crea ti on; sev end a ys of t h e w e e k se v e ny e a rs from on e sa bb a ti c y ear to ano th er ; sev en

ti m es sev eny ears from on e j u b il e e to an oth er , e tc.

( se e by th e ai d of th e concor d ance
, ,

th e n s tan
u m er ou s i n ces i nw h i ch th e n u m ber se v en occu rs i nth e Ol a d N ew Testa
m en ts)
. Som e of th e anci ent h eath ennati ons, also, ad op ted th e sev enfold classifica -

ti onas of e xten si v e ap p li cati on ,

esp e ci ally to sp i ri tu al an d Di v i n e thi ngs ; an d i t w as
in trod u ced by Pythagor as from In d ia i nto Greece .
 H A R M O N I AL S C AL E O E C R E A T I ON . 59

of the v enfol d s er i es of the D eg r ee or King d o m i m

'

se -

m e d i ately b el ow i t i n the o r d er of d e v el op m en t ; an d all o f

th e s e sep ar a tely an
,
d c oll e ctiv ely are e v ol u tion s from ,
an d ,

co rr esp ond ents of the D i v i ne s e v enfol d C o nsti tu ti on w hi ch

,
-

i s the O rigi nato r and C au se of all Each one O f th ese s ev e n

.

fol d se r i es m or e ov er co rr esp o nd s to the d i a tonic scal e i n

, ,

m u sic an d whi c h wi th i ts s e v enco n

, ,
s ti tu en t not e s i s th e r e fore ,

i ts natu r al oral i n te rp r e ter an d e x p onen t Thu s the v a r i ou s ,

D egr ees or Ki ng d om s of natu ra l d ev el op m ents m ay b e con ,

s i d e re d a s octa v es r i si ng one abov e a noth er the sam e as the

, .

octav es i n m u sic Ea ch octa v e exactly cor r esp onds to a nd

.
,

ha r m o ni zes, note by note, w i th a ll other oc ta v es, w hether they

be o n a hig her or low er sca le ; so tha t f s
f yll
w e u n d u
er s ta nd
a ny oc ta v e, D eg r ee, or Ki ng dom of na tu r a l dev elop m ent, w e
ha v e i n i t a m ea su r e and exp onent of a ll o ther s . Thu s the
s y s t em natu r e , as a W hol e m ay b e c ons i d er ed a s one
of ,

r an d M u s i ca l O r g an c om p i ng all t h e o ta v e s a nd hi ch
g ,
a s s e s c ,
w ,

i n the h and s of the G r ea t O r gani s t the D i v i ne B e i ng i n , ,

w h os e i n fi ni te se r i e s of octa v es of L ov e and Wi s dom , e xi s ts

the v er y s ou l an d or igi n of a ll h a rm o ny , i s cap abl e of
s en d i ng for th e v er y w her e tho se s il en t n ote s O f har m o n y
an d m u si c w hi ch ha v e b een p er c eive d a n d d e eply fel t ,

by e v er y tru ly el ev ate d and i nter io rly d ev el op ed h u m an

s ou l"
Thei d ea of the “m
u si c of the sph e r e s th er e for e i s not
”
, ,

m er ely a p o e t ic fa ncy b u t a su bli m e r eali ty who se b asi s and

, ,

o rigi nare exhibi te d i nthe for egoi ng s i m pl e p ri nci pl es .

Th at thi s h arm oni al s cal e of cr eati on a s c or r e sp ondi ng to ,

the h arm o n i al scal e of d egrees of L ove and Wi sd o m of the

D ivi ne M i nd i s not a m er e fanci fu l concep ti on will b e com e
, ,

m o r e an d m o r e obvi ou s a s w e p r oceed It wi ll b e shown . ,

that n ot o n ly d o es each one of these d eg rees or o ctav es of

60 PRINCIPLES O F S Y N TH E S I S .

cr eati on by i ts corre sp ond ence w i th all oth ers s er v e as th ei r

, ,

natu ral e xp onent b u t that e ach o ctav e if i ts consti tu ents

, ,

a r e corr ec tly cl a s s ifi e d r e s ts u p on i n
,
te rn a l e vi d e nc e O f i ts

ow n . And i f thi s s er i al o r d er of g r ad u ate d p r ogr e ssi on i s

d u ly r ecog n iz ed and i ts l aw s ar e p rop er ly u nd erstood w e
s e v enfol d cl as sifi ca ti on k
, ,

m ay u s e an now nto b e c orr ec t i n

y
-

, ,

corr ec ting the e rrors of oth ers j u st a s the m u sici an w ou l d

,

cor r ect the di sc or d s of one o c tav e by the harm oni es of

an o th er .

Bu t b efor e p r oc e e d i ng fu r th er w e m u st s p e a k b r i e fly of
,

the la w s whi ch a s w e p r ocee d w ill b e s e en to gov er n the

, ,

s e ti n
p a r
y cl a ssifi ca t io ns a n d by which
,
i t m a
y b e g en er ally

k now nw h eth er a ny cl assifi ca ti on i s c o r re c t In e ach c or re ct .

cl assifi cati on the m em b ers i nth e i r nu m erical o r d e r m ay i n

, , , ,

g e n er a l ter m s b e d i sti n
,
g u i s h e d a s follo w s

N u m b er ON E i s the nu m b er of si m p le u ni ty .

Tw o i s the nu m b er of p r odu cti v e u ni ty and i n g ener al ,

term s c om p r i ses p o s i tiv e a n d neg at i v e a ctiv e an d p a ssiv e or

, ,

m al e a n d fem al e p r i ncipl e s ,
.

T H REE i s the nu m b er of self su sta i ni ng u ni ty -

.

F O UR i s the nu m b er of Or g a ni za ti on .

F I VE i s the nu m b er of ex ter i or com pl e teness Th er e b ei ng .

fiv e ex ter i or p r op er ti es to o u ter thi ngs m an h en c e has fiv e, , ,

ex ter i or s en s e s w h os e obj e ct i s t o iv e i nf r m ati onof th e m t

, g o o

the i n ter i or s ou l As the fiv e ex ter i or p r op er ti es al s o e xi s t

.
,

wi th exp r ess r efer ence to tw o i nter i or and hig her p rop e r ti es ,

the n u m b er fiv e i s al s o a n u m b er of as i r a ti on a s w ill b e
p ,

b etter u nd er sto od h ereafter .

S IX i s the n u m b er of s u bo r d i nal as soci ati on an d of ,

h arm oni al p er iph eral r evol u tion as ar ou nd a g overni ng

, ,

center .

S EVEN is the n u m b er of fin al co m p l eten ess em b racin g bo th ,

 N UMERICAL CLASSIFICATION . 61

e x teri ors and i nter i or s H enc e i t i s the p ivo tal and gov erni ng
.

nu m b e r of the s e r i e s *
.

Thi s s ep ti nar y cl as sifi cati onm ay al so b e em b od i ed i n the

tr i a d . Thu s the fi r st s e cond and thi r d m emb ers of any , ,

s e v e nfol d se r i es for m on
-
e tr i n i ty and ther efor e m ay c ou nt as
, ,

a un i t ; the fou r th fifth and S ix th m em b e r s form a s e cond

, ,

tri n i ty and c o u nt anoth er u ni t ; whil e the sev enth m em b er

, ,

w hi ch i s al w ay s e q u al or ra th er su p e r io r t o all the r e st u t
, p ,

tog e the r for m s a thi r d u n

,
i t and com pl e te s a g ener a l tr i ni ty , .

As a g u i d e to cor r ec tness i n any sep tinar y cl as sificati on i t i s ,

i m po r tant to ob se r ve that the fir s t and s ec ond tr i ni ti e s i n the

ser i es s h ou l d b e ar a c e r tai ng en
,
era l and p a r ticu l ar cor r esp on d
en ce wi th e ac h othe r .

Whatever ob scu r i ti es m ay at fi rst exi st i n the for eg oing

sta te m en t will b e a b u n d antly clar ifie d b y the ill u s tra tiv e '

e x am pl es w hich w ill i n ci d entally occu r as w e p roc e ed It i s h ere .

gi v enm ai nly as a hi nt t o the r ead er that the cl assificati ons in ,

whi ch w e S hall hav e to d eal are not a r bi tr a r y b u t fou nd ed , ,

i n the n atu r e of thi n g s C onsi d er i ng ther efor e that each .

, ,

natu r al s e v enfol d s e ri es c o r r e sp ond s to and ill u str ate s e v e r y

-

o the r and that this s ep tinar y arrangem ent ru ns thr ou gh e v e ry

,

com p l e te cre atio n sy ste m and Ki ngd om i nnatu r e the d egr ee

, , ,

of r eli an ce w hich m ay b e pl aced onthe l egi ti m ate r esu l ts of

the m etho d of i n v estig a ti on now p r op osed a s w ell a s the ,

chara cter and e x tent of those r e su l ts a s com p are d w i th w hat ,

m a b e O b ta i ne d by o th e r p r oc es s e s m ay b e ill u s tra te d a s
y ,

foll ow s : S u pp ose ther e a re a l arge nu m b er O f ti m b er s ,

h ew n s qu ar ed m or tic ed etc and pil ed c onfu sed ly t og ether

, , , .
,
.

The anci ent i nsp i red r e cor d s a so l d ea ll ar g e ly i n th e nu m b er tw elve and its

l
m u l tip es, as a n i nteriorly Si g ni fi
nt nu m b er I t m ay b e r em ar e d th at th e
ca . k nu m b er
tw l
e ve is ev o v edl from th e sev enfol d ser i e s, an
-
d is si m p ly th e nu m b er of si x p ro

d u cti v e u ni ti es , p osi ti v e
or an d neg ati v e , acti v e an d p assi v e or m ale an d fem al e, .

n
p ri cip es. l It is th erefore, a so, l a nu m be r of su b brd inal associ ati on .

6
62 PRINCIPLES O F S Y N TH E S I S .

The su p er fi cial ob ser v er u ninstru cted i n the sy nth etica l

,

p r i ncipl es of a rchi tectu r e m ay tak e m ost a ccu r ate m easu r e

,

m en t s of e ach of th os e ti m b e r s an d m ay giv e m os t c or r e c t
,

d e sc r ip ti ons of the i r s h ap e s ab s tract qu ali ti e s e tc j u s t a s

, ,
.
,

s ci e n c e a s or d i n
,
a r ily p u r su e d giv e s accu r a t e d es c r ip t io n
,
s of

a b s t ra ct fa cts w hi ch c o n sti tu te the t i m b e rs of the g r e a t t e m p l e

of N a tu r e . S u ch an Ob s er v e r how e v er m ay not b e ab le to
, ,

en e d con n ecti on b etw e en m an of thos e

.

d i sc ov er an y i nt d y
ti m b ers ; m ay b e abl e to for m li ttl e or n o i d ea of the fo r m ,

p r opo r ti ons or c or r el ativ e p a rts of the b u il d i ng w hi ch th e y

,

wou l d c onsti tu te i f all p u t tog ether and m ay e v end ou b t that

, ,

th ey w e r e e v e r all i n ten d e d to go tog e ther i n any d efini te

for m ; and tha t s ci ence w hi ch m er ely a na ly z es b u t d o es not ,

sy n thesy z e exp er i en
,
ces m u ch the sam e d ifficu l ty i n vi ew i ng
the t i m b ers of the t e m pl e of N atu r e B u t su pp ose now th at
.
, ,

a s k ill fu l a r c hi tect com e s onthe g r o u n d : he vi ew s t ho s e ap

r en h e te r og en u s t i m b er s n n ly n aly tically r in
p a tly e o ot o a , ( o

i sol ate d d etail ) b u t al so sy nthe ti cally or i nthe i r r el ati ons to

, ,

ea ch o th e r ; an d by the ob ser va nce Of s i m pl e r u l es he p r o

, ,

ce e ds — w i th ou t a n p ar i n o r for cin g — p erh ap s w i tho u t e v en

y g
the
“ noi s e of the h am m er ”—
to e r ec t a m agn ificent and
gl or i ou s tem pl e i nw hi ch th er e i s a pl ac e for e v ery ti m b er
, ,

fr o m g r ea tes t t o sm all est an d a t i m b er for e v er y p l ac e w hi ch

,

r e q u i r e s on e Thene v enthe p r evi ou s su p er fici al and m erely

k
.

an a ly ti ca l ob ser v e r of the ti m b ers will now i f he s u r v ey s ,

the e di fic e th at t h ose ti m b e rs w er e i n
, te n d e d t o go t og eth er
p r eci s ely i n the r el ati ons i nw hich he now fi nd s them ; and
th at the ru l e or t h e o r y by which th e y a r e b r o u gh t tog e ther
,

i s tr u e.

S u ppo se b ser v er notice d how ev er th at inthe e re c ti on

the o , ,

of the b u il di ng s om e of the t i m b ers w ere a li ttl e p ar ed

, ,

or fo r ced or w arp ed i n o rd er to m ak e th em j oi n wi th
, ,
 TH E T EMPLE AND I TS P A R TS . 63

o th er s : still i f the b u il d i ng w hen er ec te d exhibi ts u nm i s

, , ,

tak abl e i n d ica ti ons of or d er and sy m m etr y and h a rm ony , ,

of i t s n u m e r o u s p a r ts i t s tan d s a s e vi d enc e of g ener a l tru th

,

fu l ness of the a r c hi te c tu ral r u l e s by w hi ch i t wa s e rec ted ;

an d i f i t i s th enk now nth a t the h ew e r of those ti m b er s w a s
,

a bsolu tely p erfec t i nhi s a r t the i n fe r enc e w ou l d b e l egi t i m a te

, ,

th at the p a r i n g and d is to r tionu sed i np u tti ng th em tog eth er ,

w ere o w i ng to the ig no rance or u nskill fu l ne ss on the p ar t

of the b u il d e r by whi c h a j oi s t or a p o s t w a s occ a s io n
,
ally

i nv er ted or m ad e to tak e the i ntend ed p l ace of ano th er of

,

s o m ew h at s i m i l ar for m .

N ow all n
,
atu r al fac ts ( w hi ch i t m u st he co n fes s ed
, ,

the sc i en ce and p hilo sophy of the d ay vi e w i n an a sp ect

som ew ha t h e ter og e n e o u s a r e ti m ber s of the g reat t em p l e of
)
N atu re A sy stem of cl assifica tion and r easoni ng th er efor e
.
, ,

by whi ch th es e v ari ou s fa cts as ti m b er s m ay b e wi thou t , , ,

an y w a r pi ng o r for c i n g b r o u gh t i nt,
o th e fo rm of on e

g rand sy ste m am ong the m y r i ad s of the co m p li cate d p arts

,

of w hich th er e m a
y b e ob s er v e d a m u tu al d ep en d e nce a n d
h ar m ony so p er fect that the lo ss of a si ngl e p ar t w o u l d
,

s en sibly m ar the s y m m etr y of the w hol e ; t h enw e m a b e

y
a ssu r e d th at /t hi s sy s tem i s the tr u e on e an d tha t the ,

s tr u ctu r e e r e c te d by i t i s a s tr u ct u r e of tr u th N ow a
k
.
,

sy stem o
f c la ss ifica ti on o
f thi s i nd m u s t ex i s t som ew her e i n
na tu r e, if i t b e a d m i tted tha t na tu r e i s not, a
f ter a ll, a m or e or

less heter og eneou s a nd di sconnected m a ss . If the r ea d er ca n

not b eli e v e w i th m e th at the d oc tri ne of the s ev e nfol d s e r i es
, ,
-

an d i ts natu r al a dj u ncts a s h er ei nb r i efly u nfol d ed co ns ti tu tes

, ,

that sy s tem i t i s con ,

fi d ently b eli e v ed that he w ill at l east find i t
i m m ens ely su gg e stive c o m p elli ng natu r e i nm any i ns tance s
, ,
‘

to t ell her ow n s to r y an d to giv e u p s e cr ets w hich s ci en ce

q
,

an d p hilo sop hy h av e hi th er to b e en inad e u ate to w r est fr o m

6 4: PRINCIPLES O F SY NTHESIS .

her gr a sp . F or the s e v eral y e a rs w hi ch h a v e l p s e d s i nc e I

e a

w a s so for tu nate as t o b e le d t o the d i s cove r y o f t hi s m e thod

O f c o rre spo n d enti al r ea soni n g I hav e p u r su e d i t w i th r esu l ts

,

w hi ch t o m ow n m i n d a t l e a st h a v e b e e ni nt en s ely s a ti s
, y , ,

facto r y ; an d I c on
,
fe ss t h at wi tho u t i ts a i d I cou l d not h a v e
,

had an y co nce p t io ns w hi ch m igh t h av e b e enr eg ar d e d e v ena s

an app r oxi m at ion t o a s ol u tio n of m an y of the qu estio ns

‘

d i s cu s sed i nthi s wo rk .
 C H A P TE R V I I .

THE S V E EN FU DAMENTAL LAWS AN D THEIR INTIMATIONS RE

N
,

S PE CTING THE O RIGIN AN D S TRU CTURE OF THE UNI VE RSE .

D EE M ING the for egoing a su ffici ent e x p osi ti onof the p r i n

c ip le s w hi ch shall gu i d e u s i n ou r fu r ther i n qu i ri e s w e now
,

p r oce ed to ou r p r op os ed sy ntheti ca l i nv e s ti ga ti o nof the sy s tem

Of b e in g w i thou t u s Pu rsu i ng the natu r al or d e r of p r o
.
‘

g r e ssi on fr om
,
fun d am e n t a l s and g en e r al s t o u l ti m a te s and
p ar ti c u l ars w e w ill fi r s t i nsti tu t e s om e com p rehens i ve 1 n
,

q u i r i e s r e sp e c ti n t he o ri i n s tr u c tu r e
g g , , g ov e r nm en t e tc
,
o f .
,

the p hy si cal u n iv er s e as a w hol e ; and afte r w a r d si m il ar ,

i nqu i r i e s shall b e p u r su e d i nr el a ti onto the S ol ar S y ste m the ,

p l ane t onw hich w e d w ell and the var i ou s sy s te m s of i nani

,

m at e an d ani m ate c r ea ti onw hi ch e xi st u p on i ts su r fac e of ,

whi ch the u l ti m a te and hi ghest i s the hu m anorganiza ti on .

And i n v i éw of the new m e th od of r ea s oni ng w hi ch w e

,

hav e u nfol d ed let i t b e b orne i nm ind that i f the ori gi n con

, ,

sti tu ti on l aw s fu n
, ,
ct i onal op er a t i on
,
s e tc
.
,
of a n y one of the
sy stem a tic c r ea t i on s p rop os e d for i n v e s ti gati on can b e elu ci
,

d ate d d i r ec tly and m or e cl ea r ly than a ny o ther i t w ill s er v e ,

a s a cor r e sp on d en ti al gu i d e to the fu r ther e l u ci d at io nof a ll the

o the r s Thu s w i th a p r op er cl assi ficati onof the corr e sp ond
.
,

i ng s er i e s a nd d e gr e es of natu r e s u nfol di n g s and op era ti ons

’
,

the k n ow nw ill c a s t the w hol e ligh t of i ts an a l o i es u p o nthe

'

g
u n k now n— j u s t as e ach ti m b er of a tem pl e hints the shap e and
natu r e of the ti m b er s w ith which i t i s to b e con joined and ,
66 L A W S A N D D E V E L O P M E N TS .

t h u s s er v es as a gu i d e to the e r e c tionof the e d ifi c e ; or a s a ,

s i n l e fos s il b on e of a n e x t i n ct a n d p r e vi ou s ly u n k n ow n
g
an i m al enabl es the com p ar ati v e anatom i s t to d e sc r ib e w i th
,

a cc u ra cy the a n ,
i m al as i t li v e d and m ov e d u p onthe e ar th i n
i ts o rgan i c c om pl etene s s O u r m e thod i f su cc e ssfu lly p u r
.
,

s u e d w ill m or e o v e r d e v el op the u n
, , ,
i ty of p r i ncipl e p e r va d i ng ,

i nd i ffe r ent d egre e s all c r ea t io ns fr om l ow e s t t o hi ghe s t— Zthe

‘

, ,

u n i ty and ha r m ohy ther efor e of the one and only sy s te m of

, ,

u n i v e r sa l tr u th ; and as w e p u rs u e the r e v el a ti ons of the

,

p hy si ca l u niv e rs e from i ts r u d i m e nts to i ts higher u nfol d i ngs

, ,

o u r thou hts fr o m
g ,
the a cc u m u l a ti n g an a l o i e s w ill
g g ai n su ch ,

an u p w a rd i m p e tu s a s m a h er e a fte r ca rr y th em d i r e c tly
y
thr ou gh the li n e of thos e hig he r a n d c orr esp ond i ng tr u ths ,

w hi ch r el ate to m an p hy s i ol ogi cally p sy chol ogi ca lly sp i r i tu , ,

ally — s oci a l ] y p oli ti ca lly a n

,
d r eligi ou sly ,
.

Wi th r e sp ec t to the ori gi n str u c tu re l aw s e tc of the u ni , , ,

.
,

v e rsal cos m i cal sy s te m w e c om m ence ou r r ea soni ngs w i th a

,

p ostu l ate w hi ch w hethe r s tr i c tl y t ru e or not c annot l ead u s

, ,

i nto i m p or tant e rr or i n ou r s u b se qu ent d e d u cti ons s i nce w e ,

h av e so m any corr ec ti v e s o f i nha r m ony as i nv ol v e d i n the ,

en e r a l s e r i e s O f cor r e s p on d i n an d h arm on i ou s o c ta v e s o f
g g
d e v e l op m e nts thr ou gh w hi ch the p a th of ou r inv e s ti ga ti on s

w ill l ead u s The p os tu l a te i s T hat G od fro m the p r om p t

.
, ,

i ngs of his ow n i nte ri or sou l w hi ch i s L ov e u nd e r the , ,

d i r ec ti onof hi s Wi s d om w hi ch ga v e o r d e r a nd for m to the

,

op er a ti on s of L o v e for m e d fr o m ,
the m os t e x te r i or or i f the , ,

e xp e s s i onm a b e all ow ed the l e ast D i v i n e an d m os t n e a r ly

r
y ,

p hy s i cal p or ti onO f hi s ow np e rsonal e m ana ti ons a s m any d e

, ,

r e e s v a r i e t i e s or p e r hap s c l a s s e s O f a tom i c p a rt i cl e s a s co r
g , , ,

r e sp on d e d to the gener al se v enfol d ha r m oni e s of hi s o w n -

I nfini te nat u r e The su pp os i ti on that the v a r i e ti e s of the se

.

p r im i tive a to m s are i nnu m b er j u st se v en or a m u l ti p l e of

, , ,
 P R I M O R D I A L M A T T ER . 67

se v en i s ad m i tted to b e p u r ely a p r i or i b u t i s a l egi ti m ate

, ,

d e d u cti on fr o m p r incipl e s b efor e e stabli sh ed : i t i s h e r e

O ffe r e d a s an i ntr o d u cti on to p rop osi ti ons m or e ce r tai n and .
,

fr om w hi ch i t i n i t s t u r n w ill r e c eiv e confi rm ati on; tho u gh

, , ,

i f i t c ou l d b e p r ov e d to b e u n t ru e i t w ou l d n ot e s s e n
,
ti ally

affe c t ou r m a in a rgu m en t These v ari e ti es O f atom s then

.
,

w ha tev er the i r n u m b er m a h av e b ee n m a su pp os e d to
( y ) y b e ,

h av e consti tu te d Matte r ini ts p r i m i tiv e s tate whi ch p r ob ab ly ,

w as cha r a c ter iz e d by n on e of the d i sti n cti v e p r op er ti e s of ox

y
e n hy d r og en n i tr o en calci u m p o ta ss i u m or an o the r s o f
g , g , , , y ,

the s o call e d -
“ e l e m en ts
”
k now n t o chem i s tr y In b ei ng .

e v olv e d i n p a r ti cle iz ed for m

,
fr om the em an ,
a te d p e rs on al

Essence of the D ivi ne B ei ng the su b s tanc e th u s p a r ti clei z e d

,

cea s ed to con s ti tu t e an n e ces sa r y p or tio n of the D ivi n

y e

P e rs o n and for m e d a Re al m or d egr e e of B ei ng by i ts elfr b u t

,

s till a R eal m of B e i n g cor r esp ond i ng to i m m ed i a tely connected ,

w i th a n d cap a ble of r ecei v i ng di r ec t i n u x o v i ta l en

, fl f f
er gy r om ,

the g r ea t Per sona l Rea lm f f o Sp i r i t

hi ch i t
pr om
r oceed ed w .

Thi s vi ta l i nfl u x , h ow ev er , m ay b e su pp osed t o hav e b een

al tog e ther op ti on a l onthe p ar t of the r e at G en e r a tiv e S pi ri t,
g
e v en a s w a s the e v ol u ti on a n d p a r ti cleiz ati on of ess e nce

i tsel f ; and w ithou t the d i r ec t com m u ni ca ti onto i t of ani m

, ,

p elling energy fr om the D ivi ne s ou r ce of all ene rgy m atter , ,

thu s c on s ti t u t e d wou l d as b efore show n h av e for ev er r e

, , ,

m ai n ed i n er t .

W e ar e ne x t th er efor e to i nqu i r e i nto the o r igi nand l aw s

,

of MOT I O N i nthi s p r i m e v al chaotic m as s .

Ad m i tti ng w h at w as b efor e p r ov ed that i ner ti a i s an

, ,

i ns ep ar abl e p r op er ty of m atter l eft sol ely to i tself i t i s sel f ,

e vi d en t th at M oti on cob ld h av e b e en the p r o d u c t on ly of a

F or ce ad e qu ate to ov er com e the ten d ency of m atter to r em a i n
fix ed Thou g h forc e i s essentially of the sam e g eneral natu re
.
68 L Aw s A N D D E V E L O P M EN TS .

i nwh a ts o e v er d i rec ti oni t y m a ac t, the r e v er al m od i fica

ar e s e

t i on s of the d y n am i c a en t s i nw hi c h for c e o r i in ate s T h es e

g g .
,

r e q u i r in a s the y d o a s ep a r a te c hap te r for th e i r p r op er e lu ci

g , ,

d a ti on shall on
,
ly r ece i v e su ch all u si ons i n thi s pl a ce a s w ill
b e nec es sar y to the e xpli ca t i on of the la w s by w hi ch for ce
a c ts i np r o d u c i n m oti on a gr eg ati on s eg r eg a ti on reci p roca l
g g, , ,

t r an s fe r ence and s tr u ctu ral s tabili ty

,
.

It has b e for e b e en r ep eated ly r em a r k e d that the u niv e rs e ,

w i thou t c o rre sp on d s t o the u niv e rs e w i thi n m an a nd tha t ,

ther e for e a ll p r i n cipl e s a nd d ev el op m ents O f the ou te r u ni v e r s e

m a b e co n c e iv e d O f by t he fu lly u n fol d e d hu m a n fa c u l ti e s
y .

Thi s i s b e ca u se m ani s p hy s i cally and spi ri tu ally a n ep i tom e

, ,

of a ll p re vi ou s D ivi n e un fol d i ng s an d
,
th e r e fo r e i s a m i cr ocosm

o r li ttl e u n iv er s e of hi m se l f T hou gh i t i s p r op ose d to c on

.

s i d e r the d i s c r e e t d e r e e s o f c r ea ti oni n t he i r n a t u ra l o r d e r of
g
u n fol d i ng t ra ci ng e ac h octa v e its i t p ass e s u p w a r d a nd m e rges
,

into a hi gher and c orr e sp ond i ng one u ntil the w h ol e m e rge,

l oosel y s p ea ki n i n m a n; e t for t he p u r p os e o f illu st r a t

( g) t o
y ,

i ng the for c e s a nd l a w s of the p hy s i ca l u niv e r s e by the s am e

for ce s a n d l a w s w hi c h i nanu l ti m ately su bli m ate d d e gr e e ap
, ,

ply t o m an w e will h er e s o fa r a nti cip ate the app r op r i ate

,

su bj e c t of t he s e c on d p a r t of thi s w or k a s to e xhibi t t he fol

,

low i ng s el f e v i d ent tru ths r esp ecti ng the hu m ane conom y

-
.

Inm an ( the m i cr oc os m or li ttl e u niv ers e ) ther e i s 1 Pas , .

s ion or L ov e w hich c or r e sp on
,
d s to H ea t ; 2 Intellig en . ce or

Wi sd om whi ch corr e sp ond s to li ght ; 3 N er v e e s senc e w hi c h

,
.
-
,

c orr e sp on d s to el ec tr i ci ty (the s e thr ee form i n g a tr i ni ty ) ; 4 .

The age nt w hi ch a ttr a cts c i r c u l ati n g p a r ti cl e s a nd d e p os i ts

,

the m i n the s oli d p or ti on s of t h e o r a n i sm ; 5 T he ag e n t

g .

w hi c h r e m ov e s p a r ti cl e s fr om l ow e r ti ssu e s a n d d ep os i ts the m
,

i nhigher ; 6 The ag ent w hi ch a cts and r e acts sy m p athetically

.
-

b etw e enone o rg an and ano ther (these th ree form i ng a sec ond
 D Y N A M I C A G E N TS A N D L A W S . 69

and c or r esp ond ing tr i ni ty of dynam ic ag ents ) ; and 7 The ,

.

i nter i or u ni tizi ng and v i tal agent which p er vad e s and gov er ns

, , ,

all the p re ce d i n g .

Acc om p a nyi ng and p r eci s ely answ er i ng to the se se v en

, ,

d y nam i c agents i nm an ar e sev en la w s or m od es by w hi ch the

, , ,

form er op e ra te These ar e 1 Exp a nsi on gov e rni ng all d i as

.
,
.
,

t oli c m ov e m en ts ; 2 C ontr a cti on gov e r n

. ing all sy s toli c m ov e
,

m en ts ; 3 C i r cu la ti on g ov e r ni ng all r u d i m e ntally r ecip r oc at

.
,

in g m ov em e n t s
( fi rs t t r ini ty ); 4 A gg gr e a ti on
g o v e.rn i ng a ll ,

d ep osi ti ng an d organizi n g op er a ti on s ; 5 S eg r eg a ti on g ov e r n i n g .
,

all a s cen din g m ov e m ents ; 6 The law g ov erni ng all sy m p a .

theti c m ov e m e n ts ( s e c on d tr ini ty ) ; 7 The law of all vi tal .

,

u n i tizi ng and g ov e rni ng O p erati ons the vi tal and sp i r i tu al

, ,

const i tu ti onas a whol e b ei ng h e r e the m ov e r .

N ow i n the m ac ra c os m or gr ea t u niv er se w e hav e ; 1

, , ,
.

H ea t w hi c h c or r e sp ond s to Passio nor L ov e ; 2 L i gh t w hich

, .
,

corr e sp ond s to Int elli gence or Wi sd om ; and 3 El e ctr i c i ty .

,

w hi ch c or r e s p on d s to ner v e es s enc e i n t he li ttle u niv er s e

-

the s e for m i n g a fu ndam ental tr i ni ty O f d y nam ic agents as

op e r ati v e i n ou ter n atu re Th er e i s al s o a s econd and corr e
.

sp on d in tri n i ty o f d y n am i c a g en t s i nn a tu r e a n d a l s o a s ev e n t h
g ,

an d Vi tali z i n a en a s c or r e sp on i ng o the sam e i n m an

/
g g t ,
d t ;
b u t th e se i m p or tant a gen ts sha ll b e ill u str a te d h e r ea fter .

As su m i ng the i r e xi s tence for the p r e s ent how e v er w e m ay , ,

r e m ar k tha t cor r e sp on
, ,
din g to the se s e v en d y nam i c ag ents ,

t he r e a r e al s o sev enla w s w hi ch g ov e rnthe ou t er u n iv er se and ,

all i ts c or r esp on d e nt s u b c r e ati ons w he ther i nthe a n

-
i m a t e or
,

i nani m ate d ep ar tm ents of b e i ng The s e l aw s i nd e ed ar e the .

, ,

s a m e thr ou hou t w i th t hos e w hi ch w e ha v e s e e nt o a pply t o

g
m a n t hou h i n l ow e r c r ea ti on s they e xi s t i n l ow e r d e re e s of
, g g
d e v e l op m ent The y m ay b e e xhi b i ted wi th th ei r tern
. ar y r e ,

lati ons i nthe followi n

,
g tabl e
70 LAWS AND DE V E LO P MENTS .

P RI M A R Y TR INI TY . S E C O ND A R Y TR I N I TY .

1 . Ex p a ns i on . 4 . Aggr eg a ti on .

2 . C ontr a c ti onor Attr a cti on . 5 . S eg r eg a ti on .

3 . C i rc u l a ti on . 6Sy m
. p a th eti c r ec i p r oc a ti o n
.

7 . Vi ta l com pl e x uni ty .

H ere i t ,
w ill
p er ceiv ed i s a r eg u l arly g radu at ed p r ogr es
be ,

s i oni nthe or d e r o
f
e l em en ts a s c e n di ng fr om fir st to l as t a s , ,

i t w e r e thr ou gh the d i ffe r en t s tr a tifica ti on s of on e c o m pl e te

,

sy s te m The y m ai ntai nr el ati ons to e ac h o the r s im il ar to the

.

r e l a t i on s of the d i ffe r en t p a r ts of a t re e ; v iz the fi rs t i s the .

,

r oot of the s e r i e s ; the s e con d i s the tr u nk ; the thi r d i s the

b r anch es ; the fou r th the l ea v es and the co m pl etion of the ,

o r an ic w he re for e N O 4 i n a n s e v enfol d
g fo rm o f th e t r ee
( y ,
.
-

se r i e s al w ay s cor r e spo n d s to aggrega t i on or g an izati on or as , ,

s oci a ti on ; N O 5 c o m m en ce s the s eg reg a t iv e or r ep r od uc tiv e

) .

p roces s and corre sp ond s to the fl ow e r b u d s ; N o 6 cor r e

, .

s on
p d s to the flo w e rs an d N O 7 a l w ay s c or r es o n
, p d s t o the
.

fr u i t em b od yi n
,
g i ni ts el f the s u bli m a te d el e m ents of the Wh ol e
tre e toge the r w i th the s e e d or g e rm O f a fu tu r e an
,
d c or r e
s on d i n c r ea ti on
p g .

The fi rs t tr i ni ty i nthe s er i es app r oxi m a tely corr e spo nds to

the s e co n d b u t the c orr esp ond e nce i s ra ther by w ay of cou n
,

te rp a r t or a nti thesi s th a n i n an
, y o t h er w a
, y w h i ch m a
y b e

ea s ily d efi n ed an d i nthe gener al t rini ty c om p r ehe nd i n t h e

g ,

W hol e s ep ti ni ty m ay b e ob serv ed a g ener a l c orr esp ond ence

,

w i th t he su b t r i n i ti e s-
*
.

T hese let i t b e hom e i n m i nd a r e cl ai m e d s i m ply as the

, ,

f un d a m en ta l an d a ll com
p r e h en s i v e l a-
w s O f na t u r a l a nd m o r al

Th ese g ener a l p ri nci p les l

of c ass i fi
n, not only i nr esp ec t to d ynam i c ag ents
cati o

an d La w s, b u t th e i r c orr esp ond ing form s a nd d e v el op m ents, ar e a p p l i c abl e to all na tu ral

ser i es or oc tav es , an d by d u l y com p re h ending and obse rv i n g th em , w i th th e p e cu li ar
an d relati v e ch a rac te ris ti cs of th eir p ar ts , w e m ay b e able al w ays to d i stin gu ish tru e
'
rom fa lse c assi l fi ca ti o s. n
 PRIME VAL O PERATION S . 71

e xi stenc e sayi ng nothi ng Of those nu m e r ou s su b m od e s Of op e

,
-

r a t i on c om m on
,
ly c all ed l aw s w hi ch gr o w ou t of them
,
The .

e ss en t ia l p r i ncipl es o f th es e g e ne r al l a w s i nthe i r s i m pl e an d ,

c om bi ne d s ta te s a nd i n thei r v ari ou s d egr e e s of su bli m ati on

,

an d asc ensi on a s applic abl e t o the d i ffer ent d eg r e es O f c r eatio n

, ,

w ill w e app r ehen

,
d b e fou nd to inv olv e a su fl
,
i ci ent e xpl an at io n

of e v e r y m od e i nw hi c h or i gi n al D ivi n e F or ce op er a te s i nthe

p r od u c ti onof the v ari ou s p heno m ena of cr ea ti on .

C onsi d e r i ng, then, tha t the p r i m e v al ch ao ti c m ater ial s ou t ,

of w hi ch the u n iver s e w a s for m ed d i d not or iginally and of , ,

the m se lv e s p os se ss an , y for c e or m o ti on w e p r oc e e d i nthe , ,

light Of the for egoi ng p r i ncipl es to i nqu i re m o r e p ar ti c u l arly

,

W hence and how ori gi nate d th e for c es l aw s and m oti ons

, , , ,

fr om w hos e d i v e r s ifi e d Op er a t ions ha s r e s u l t e d the s tu p en d ou s

sy s t e m of b ei n by w hi ch w e a r e su rr ou n d e d an d of w hi c h
g ,

W e ar e a p ar t l— and w ha t w a s the or d er of p r ogr e s s iv e d e v e l

Op m e n t an ,
d w ha t i s the general s tru c tu r al for m o f the co sm i
c al u n ive r s e w hi c h m u s t hav e l egi ti m a tely r esu l ted fr om these
,

ca u s e s " And a s i t has b een b efor e show n th at all the p r i n

,

cip les tha t a r e i n v ol v ed i n the i nfini te m ay b e epi tom iz e d i n ,

the i n fi n i tesi m a l w e m a
y for ,
t h e s a,
k e o f co n v e ni e nc e an d ,

W i thou t i nj u r y to the a rgu m ent r e d u c e the su bj ec t of ou r con

,

t em p la ti on s to an i m a i n
g a r y s cal e of m agn
'

i tu d e w hi ch m ay

e a sily b e c on ce iv e d by the hu m anm i n d and w hi ch will all ow ,

of all p r o r e ss iv e op e r a t i on s b ei n g s u r v ey e d as fr om a si ngl e
g
s tan d p oi nt
-
.

The i nfl u enc e whi ch m ay m o st natu r ally b e c once iv ed t o

hav e fi rs t acte d u p onp r i m or d i a l m atte r to i m p el i t to a scend ing
d e v e l op m ents w as D ivi ne L ov e
,
N ow D ivi ne L ov e co r r e
.
,

s on d H — i s i nd eed spi r i tu al h ea t i ts el f and thu s i s the

p s t o ea t , , ,
fi rst exp a nsi v e i m p u l se of m i nd It i s S O i nm an as w ell as i n
.
,
72 L AWS A N D D E V E L O P M EN TS .

the D i ty ; and i ts corr espond ence wi th p hy s ical heat i s instinct

e

i v ely r e cogniz e d by the hu m an m i nd and i s i m pli e d in the ,

p hra s eol ogy w i th w hi ch m ennatu rally s p eak of i t Thu s w e .

s p e a k of on e i nw ho m the l ov e o r p ass i on al p r i n cipl e p r e d om

i na te s as a w a r m hea r t e d m an
-
” “
a s an a r d en t en th u s i a s t
”
, , ,

o r a s a m anof
“ i sp os i ti on n p i n ipl
fi er
y d O th e r . c e t h e r e ,

for e tha t a ll b od i e s a r e d ev el op m e nts fr om an i n

,
t e r i or s ou l ,

an d all na tu ral p henom en a hav e a nu l ti m at e s pi r i tu al ori i n w e

g ,

m a c on c e i v e t ha t w hil e the r ea t Ki n d om f M t t i n
y g g O a er w a s

s u c h i m m e d i a te r el a t i ona n d j u x tap os i ti on to the gr e at Ki n g

d om of S pi r i t i ts C au s e D i v i ne L ov e (or D ivi ne S pi r i tu al H eat)
, ,

fl ow e d d i r ec tly i nto the R eal m of M atte r and e sp ec i ally i nto ,

i ts s e v enth o r hig he s t and p r oxi m ate ly V i ta l d eg r e e as b e i n g

m ost i n affi n i ty w i th the D ivi ne S pi r i t i ts el f and that the ,

effe c t of thi s i n fl u x w as an i m m e d i ate gener ati onof a corr e

s on n n Thi m u st n e c e ss ar ily ha v e b e en
*
p d i g a tu r a l he a t s h .e a t

a tt en d e d by ani m m ed i ate exp a nsi onof the r ecipi ent p a r ti cl e

o r coll ec ti onof p ar ticl e s a n d by the ev ol u ti onof a m agne tic
,

or m a g n etoi cl a tm osp her e p a r ta kin of the n a tu r e of the p a r t i

g
cl e s i n te r i or V i tali ty D ivi ne Wi sd om (or spi r i tu al li ght)
’
.

en ter in g w i th and acti ng th r ou gh the L ov e p er v ad es thi s

, , ,

a t m o s p he r e a n d b ri n
, g s i t in t o t h e na t u r e of p hy si ca l li ght t o ,

w hi c h w i s d o m cor r e sp on d s );
T he e xp ansionr esu l ting fr om the h eat m u st ne ce ssar ily ha v e

Th a t n
a tu r al h eat m ay b e p rod u ced by w h at w e h av e h er e term e d sp i r i t u a l h eat,
i s sh ow nby th e fact, th at w h en p assi on flow s from th e i nter i or sou l i nt th n o e er v ou s

ti ssu es of th e h u m a nbod y ,
it ra is es th e g eneral te m p era tu r e of th e o b d y q i k n th
,
u c e s e

l
n p r od u ce s a flu s h of th e
ci r cu a ti o s , cou n ten an b
c e , and a u rn in ch ee s , an
g of th e d , in k
g en e ral g r ea tly i n
, cr e as es th e p h ) S i cal p ow ers I t m ay b e r em ar e d th at th e ge nera l
. k ,

p nn c ip les o f th i s p orti onof ou r th eo ry w er e tau gh t by th e c el eb rated w e d en S

borg , th ou gh
w e h a v e arr i v ed a t th em by a ni n d ep end en t p roc e ss of i n d u cti on .

‘
k
1 It i s w ell now nth a t natu ral h gh t c on s is ts of sev en p r is m ati c r a ys ; an d th is fac t
h ints at th e corr esp on d ing se ve n f old n a tu re
-
o.f i v i ne W isd D
om , an d h en ce, 31 8 0 , Of

Di vi ne Lov e, i ts insep ar able assoc iate .

 ORI G IN o r CENTRAL S U N . 73

p r o d u ce d a c om p a a
r t iv e v a c u u m — that i s a v a c u u m i nr e sp e c t
,

t o those e ss en c e s w hi ch w e r e s u bj e c t e d t o the e xp an s i on a n d ,

ther e for e p r od u c e d a te n d ency to a n ab s or p ti ono r r u shi ng i n .

o f cor r e sp on din g e ss ence s c om p osi ng nei ghb or i ng p a r ti cl e s ,

an d w hi ch ha d not y e t i nthe sa m e d e gr e e b e en a c te d u p on
, ,

by the e xp ans iv e for ce M or e ov e r the activ e li ght sp he r e (or

.
,
-

Wi sd om p r i ncipl e ) w hi ch i s anord er ly p r oce d u r e from H e at

-

or L ove or a c com p an i m en of a n e ad m i n i s tr a t io nt o i ts
( ) ,
-
t d th , ,

w an ts form e d a r ec ogn
,
izing and sy m p athe ti c c onne ct ion b e -

t w e enthe p a rti cl e fi rs t a ct e d u p on an d t he p a r ti cl e i m m e d i
a t ely c on ter m i n ou s an d by anenv e l op m ent of the r e l a tiv ely
p assiv e p ar ti cl e i nthe l ight sp he r e of the r el ati v ely a cti v e one
-

the form e r w ou l d b ec om e a s s i m il at e d to t he l a tt e r a n d floa t , ,

in g t o i t th r ou gh the c i r cu l a ti n c u r r e n
g t s of t h e e n v e l opi ng
li ght sp here i n the sam e w ay that the p ar ti cl e of i r onfi oats
-

t o the m a gn et thr ou gh c u rr e n ts of the m agne tic e s s e n ce i t ,

w ou l d b e c om e i n cor p or ate d w i t h i t a s a p a r t O f the sam e

b od y T hu s a s e ach p ar ti cl e i s m a d e the r ec i p i ent Of the
.
,

e ss en c e Of D ivi ne L ov e i t l ov i ngly op ens i ts h ea r t and e x

, ,

t en d s i ts e thereal a r m s to r e c e iv e a nd e m b r a c e i ts b r other and ,

t he t w o t h u s b ec om e on e And b e i ng thu s u ni te d and b e

.
,

c om i n g r e cipi e n ts fo r a fu r the r i n fl u x o f h ea t t h e s a m e O p era

,

t i onthat b e for e took p la ce i s n o w r ep e a te d ona li t tl e l a r g e r

,

s cal e a n
,
d m or e p a r ti cl e s a r e a ttr a cte d And s o the p r oce s s
.

c on ti nu e s to b e r e p e a t e d u n til the m i n
,
u te n u c l e u s O f a C EN

TRAL S UN i s fu lly e stabli shed w hi ch by a conti nu ati onof the , ,

sam e p r oce s s of u n fol d i ng goe s onto co m pl e te d e v e l op m ent

, ,

form i n g the w hol e u niv ersal m a ss O f p hy si cal su b s tanc e i nto

on e c o he r en t an d u nd i v i d e d B od y d ens e i n the c e n , t er a n d ,

r a d u ally sha d i n off i n to e x tr e m e l e vi ty t owa r d t he c i r c u m

g g
fer enc e .

If, i nstead of su p po sing thi s op eration to co m m e nce i nin

fl
7
74 : L A W S A N D D E V E L O P M EN TS .

fini te s i m al p ar ti cl e s w e s u pp os e i t to c om m enc e i n a fe w
,

c u bi c fe e t o r i n h u n
,
d r e d s or t hou s and s or m illi ons of cu bic
, ,

m il e s of c en tral m a tte r or i f w e s u pp os e (w hat i s p r ob ably

,

m or e n ea rly the t ru th at a ll p a r ti cl e s i n the u n iv e r s al m a s s

) t h
w e r e s i m u l tan e ou sly vi taliz e d b u t i n d i er en d eg r ees by the
g
'

,
t ,

i nfl u x Of D ivi ne spi ri tu al heat and t hat e ach c om m ence d ,

for thw i th a t e nd ency tow a r d p ar ti cl e s m or e v i t aliz e d than

u

t he m s elv e s an d a ll a te nd ency t ow a r d the p ar ti cl e m os t V i ta l

,

i z e d the p r i n
,
c ip le i n v ol v e d w ill b e the s am e and the u l ti m a te ,

r e su l t of the op e r ati onw ill b e the s am e .

If the for egoi n g theor y of the i ni t i al s tep s of the c r eativ e p r o

c ess i s t r u e i t not only affor d s u s ane x am pl e of the i ncipi ent
,

o p era tio n s b u t a nill u s tr a ti onof the v er y ca u se of ra v i ta ti on

, g ,

of w hi c h la tte r I b eli e v e n o a d e qu a t e e xpl an a ti onha s

y e t b e en

a ffor d e d by an o f the c om m on p hil os op hi e s of the d a

y y .

Ther e are how e v e r i n s u b s e q u ent s tages of the c r eativ e nu

, ,

fol d i ng high e r e l em ents a nd for c es w hi c h e n

,
t er i n to m od i fy , ,

an d r end er m o r e d e fi n i te the p henom enonof g ravi tati on a s

, ,

w ill b e s e e n .

The m anne r i nw hi ch t w o s tr eam s of p ar ti cl es fl ow i ng fr om

op p osi te d i ecti on r s t ow a r d a c om m once n te r t en d t o p r od u ce ,

a r ota tor y m oti oni nan c oll ec ti onof c en t r a l p a r ti cl e s has b e e n

y ,

e xpl a i n e d by those w ho h av e w r i tte nont he n eb u l a r th e or y of

the or i gi no f w or l d s an d the i r m o ti ons *

The i d e a m ay b e .

a pp rehe n d e d fr om the foll ow i ng ill u s tr a ti on: S u pp os e that

t w o b all s of e qu al w e i ght a re r oll e d w i th e q u al v e l oc i ty o v er
, ,

the fl oor from O pp os i te si d es of a r oom a nd that the y at the ,

s am e i n s tan t i m pi n g e u p ona thir d b all lyi ng a t r e s t in the

c en t er of the fl o or If the tw o s trik e the b all a t r e s t i na li ne
.

e xa c tly cu tti n g i ts c ente r no m oti onw ill b e gener ated i nthe

,

l ly Ni
See p arti cu ar ch o s l ’
A
r chi tectu re of th e H n”
ea v e s.
 O RIGIN O F R O TA R Y M O TI O N . 75

l a tter b all B u t there ar e a g reat m any chances ag ai nst b oth

.

ball s s tr iki ng i nsu ch a line and i f w e s u pp ose a consta nt s tr ea m

,

o f b all s c or r e sp on i n p r ti cl e s fl owi n i n
( d g t o a
) g w ar d t o w a r d the

centra l b all the p r ob abili ty of the l atter b e i ng soons tru ck a

,

li ttl e ou t of the line of i ts c en te r w ou l d a m ou n t t o anal m os t

,

ab s ol u te c e r tai nty Incas e thi s shou l d h app en a r ota r y m o

.
,

t i onof the c en tr al b od y w ou l d ne c e s sar ily ta k e pl ac e a s a r e

s u l t of the m om en tu m of the b od y or b od i e s i m pi n i n g u po n
g
i t e sp eci ally i f the l atter bo d i es a s a r e su l t of m agne ti c or
, , ,

oth er a ttr act i on a ttach th em s e lv e s p e r m an

,
en tly t o the s u r face

of the for m er w hil e s till u n d er the i n fl u enc e of thi s m o

m e ntu m .

S u ppo se th en th er e
, ,
is a constant b od i es fl ow i ng
s tr ea m of

i nw ar d fr om all d i recti ons tow ar d the c entr al b od y a s i s su p ,

p os e d to b e the cas e w i th p ar ti cl es of neb u l ou s m a tter flow i ng

i nw ar d tow ar d a com m on c ente r ; the r otati onof the c entra l
m a ss i tsel f w he n on ce e s tabli s he d w ill by the fri c ti on o f i ts
, ,

r e v olvi n g atm osph er e i f fr om no oth er cau s e b e su ffi ci ent to

, ,

thr ow the app roa chi n en d of e v e r y r a d i a l li ne o f ra vi ta ti ng

g g
p ar ti cl e s ou t i nthe sa m e di r ec ti onfr om i ts cente r and th u s the ,

m o m en tu m of e v e r y i m pi n gi ng p ar ti cl e w ill a d d to the t en
d ency t o c entra l r ota ti on As the p a r ti cl es g ra d u ally e stab
.

li sh r el a ti ons w i th e ach other thr ou gh thei r v ar i ou s d egr ees

,

of a tten u a ti on fr om c en te r to c i r cu m fe r e n ce r ota ti on will ,

r a d u ally b e e s ta bli she d thr ou h u t t he w h ol e m a ss the m o

g g o ,

t i onb ei n g r el ativ ely s w i ft at the cente r and g ra d u ally g row ,

in sl o w e r a t e v e r y r em ov e t ow ar d the c i r cu m fe r e n h
g c e w er e ,

i t i s the sl ow es t
The i d ea has b een ill u s trate d by a r e fe r ence to the efle c t
'

p r odu ced by d iffe r ent cu r r ents of w a ter fl ow i ng tow ar d a com

m onc en te r w hi ch e ffe ct i s w ell k n
,
ow nto b e that of a w hi r l
,

r api d a t the p oi n t of m e eti n g a nd g r ow i ng m or e tar d y at

,
 76 L A W S AN D D E V E L OP M EN TS .

e v ery r em ov e from sai d p oi nt u ntil i t d i es u p onthe sho r e or

, ,

i s l os t i nthe g e n e r al m oti onof the s tr e a m .

If w e h a v e i n t h es e p ri nc ipl e s a s w e app ea r to h a v e a s u fl
, ,

fic i ent a c c ou nt for the or i gi n of all r otator y m oti on i n the

c el e s ti al sp a c e s i t w e r e c e r ta i n
,
ly u np hil os op hical to l ook for
i ts ori gi ni na n y f o r e i nor a rbi t ra r y i m p u l s e
g .

All the ph enom ena w e h av e thu s far c onsi d er e d ther efor e , ,

m a b e t r a c e d to t he op e r a ti on s of t w o l a w s v i z Exp ans i on
y ,
.
,

an d Attr a c ti on — the fi rs t b e i n b a s e d u p on H ea t and the

g ,

s e co n d u p onH ea t and L i ght c om bi ne d— w hi ch e l em e n ts agai n , ,

ow e t hei r or i gi n t o t he corr e spo n d i ng p r i nc pl e s of D ivi ne

i
L ov e and Wi sd om or sp i r i tu a l H eat and L ight W e c om e
, .

now to c onsi d er the op er ati ons and r esu l ts of a thi r d law — the
law of C i r cu la ti on .

W hil e nof s c i ence h av e m i nu tely tr a ce d the op er a ti ons

m e

an d p henom ena of g r a v i ta ti on they ha v e ta k enc om p ar a t iv e ly

,

li ttl e c ogniz anc e of any r ea c ti v e for c e fr om the a ttr a cti ng

b od y Yet, w i thou t the aid of a r eactiv e or e m ana ti v e force,
.

t o c ou n te r b al anc e i ns om e m e a su re , the g ra v i ta ti v e p ow e r i t
, ,

w ou l d b e i m p o ss ibl e t o c on c e iv e , onr a ti on al p ri n c ipl e s , of t he

form a ti onof a n othe r b od y thanthe fi r s t a n d u ni v e rs al B od y ,

y
w hi ch w ou l d s e lfi s hly a b s or b a ll m a t e r i a l s , an d giv e for th none .

B u t i t w o u l d on ly b e i na cc or d ance w i th u ni v er sal anal ogy , to

s u pp os e tha t w hil e thi s c on s tan t secr eti on w a s goi n on t h
g ,
e re

w a s al s o a s con s tan tly k e p t u p a c ou n t e r v a ili ng p r oc e s s o f ex

cr eti on . Pa r ti c l es a b s or b e d i nto the c en tr al m ass (o r w ha t i s ,

the s am e thi n e d en s e r p or t i ono f t he w hol e u n i

g t
,
h t e d m a ss
) ,

w ou l d by the a c ti on of i ts s u p e r i or vi tali ty u n
, ,
d e r go a u a s i q
p roce s s of d ige s ti on, and p or ti ons of thei r e s s ence w ou l d b e
c om e r e fi n e d an d s u bli m a te d a nd w ou l d b e s e nt O ff agai ni n
,
to

s p ac e , t o the O o si te m a t e r i al s of w hi ch the y w o u l d i nthe i r

pp
tu rn b e a ttr a cted , i n the s am e w ay as p o si tive an d n eg ativ e
 L AW OF C I RC U L ATI O N .
77

e el ctr ici ti es a re m u tu al ly attr acte d As a ll g ravi tati ng p ar ti

.

c l e s c ann ot go ab s ol u te ly to the c en te r (so m e b e i n g c r o w d ed

ou t by o ther s an a ll e m a n a t e d p a r ti cl e s c a nn ot for a s i m il a r
) ,
d ,

r ea s on r e c e d e to the c i rcu m fe r en
,
c e s o ea ch fi n ,
d s a ne q u ili b

ri u m ,
an d t a k e s a p os i ti on b e tw e enc ente r an
, d ci r c u m fe r e nc e ,

a c cor d i n t o i ts sp ecifi c d e n s i ty or l e vi ty A n d no s i m il a r
g w .a ,

p r oc e ss Of d i ge sti on nec e s sa r ily goes on a m ong grav i ta ti ng

an d e m anati n p a rt i cl e s w hi ch fin d t h e i r com m one q u ilib r i u m
g
a t an iv e n d i s ta n c e fr om t he ce n t e r an d by th e i r m u tu a l
y g ,

ac ti onan d r e ac ti on anothe r chan

, g e a n d e x c r e ti onta k e s pl a c e ,

an d the r ej ec te d p a rti cl e s b e i n , g i n a s ta te e x actly opp os i te t o

tha t of the p a r ti cl e s thr ow n off fr om the g r e a t C en te r n ew ,

g ravi tate agai n tow a r d tha t C enter ther e to e xp er i enc e and ,

p rodu ce s till fu r ther ch ange s Thu s the r e i s a cons ta nt acti on

.

an d r eac ti on flu x and r e fl u x b e t w e en c ente r a nd c i rcrfinfe r

, ,

en c e an
,
d b e t w een all i nte r m ed i a te p ar ts of the gr ea t m a s s ;
an d the law gov eri i i ng thi s r e cip r oca ti n g m ov e m e n t i s w h a t w e

m e anby the la w of C i r cu la ti on It c or r e sp ond s to c i r c u l a ti on

.
,

o r t o the flu x an d r e fl u x of v e no u s and a r ter i a l bl oo d to a nd

fr om the h ea r t i n the li ttl e u ni v e r s e or the hu m ansy s tem
d Attr a c ti on( or con
, ,

e v ena s the l a w s of Exp a n si onan tr a c ti on ) ,

b e fore consi d er ed cor r e sp ond r e sp ectiv ely to the d i a stoli c and

,

s y s toli c m oti on s of the h e ar t l u ngs and p er hap s the m i nu te

, ,
”
v esicl es or cor cu la of the b ra i n B e i ng the thi r d la w of
, ,
.

t he u n iv e r s e i t corr e sp ond s to the thi r d el e m ent of the D i v ine

,

e ss en ti a l C on s ti tu ti on w hi ch i s the D i v i n
,
e S p he r e of O p e r a ti v e

Energy w hi ch agai n c orr e spo nd s to the ne r v e e ss enc e i nm an

, , ,
-

an d w hi ch l a tter cor res p ond s to El ec t ri ci ty i n the u niv e r s e

—thi s b ei n ac tu ally the ag ent m ai nly co nc e rned i nthe ro
g p
d u c ti on of the p henom e n onn ow u n d e r sp e cia l c ons i d e ra ti on .

The l aw s of Exp ansi on C ontra ctio n and C i r cu l a tio n the r e

, , ,

fo re form a tr i ni ty as d ep en
, ,
d en t u p o n the tr i u n e e l em en ts
78 LAW S AND D EVE L O P M E N T S

of H e at, L ig h t, and El ec tr i ci ty ; a nd
hi ch l atter ar e r el ated
w

t o the co rre spo n d i ng thr e e fol d D ivi ne spi ri tu al e l e m ents of

-

L ov e Wi sd om and V ehi cl e of op er at iv e Energy

, ,
.

The F ou r th law i s a law of Org a ni za ti on and b r i ngs the

, ,

el em e n ts an d m o tives p r evi ou sly d e v el op e d i nto a s tate of ,

sy s te m a ti c an d se r i al Agg r eg a ti on .

B e fore r otator y m oti on i s fu lly e stabli sh e d i nthe m ass of

m a tter the g ra vi ta ti n an d e m an ati n p a rti cl e s w ou l d p r ocee d
, g g
tow a r d an ,
d fiom the c ent er i n nea rly s tr a ig h t li ne s
, ,
Bu t .

a fte r s ai d m oti on i s fu lly e stabli she d a n d b ecom e s g en

,
e ra l

thr ou ghou t the m a ss b oth ki n ,

d s of p ar ti cl e s w ou l d p r ocee d i n
ab e rr en t or cu r v ed li n es the cu r v es c or re s p on
,
d i ng to the d i re c
t i onof m oti on i nthe r e v olvi n m a t te r — i nthe s am e m an ner
g
i nw hi ch a p er s ona ttem p ti n g to r ow a b oat i nthe d i r e ctionof
a r a d i u s of a c i r cl e or v or te x of w a te r fl o w i n g r ou nd a c ente r ,

w ou l d i f he k ep t the si d e of hi s bo at al w ay s s qu are to the stream

, ,

b e car r i e d ou t of a d i r ec t li ne a d i stance p rop or ti one d to the

r api d i ty of the c u r r e n t an d w o u l d thu s d es c r ib e a cu r v ed p ath
, .

B u t i t i s e v i d ent for r e a s ons al r ea dy i nti m ate d tha t ne i the r

, ,

ca n a ll the g r avi tati n g p a r ti cl es ta k e a t a n

, y o n e ti m e a ,

p osi ti on enti r ely at the center nor can all the e m ana ting
,

p arti cl es tak e a s i m u l tane ou s p osi tio n enti r ely a t the ci rcu m

fer en c e b u t th at e ach w ill a s su m e a po s i ti onw i th r efe r en
,
c e to
the t w o e x trem e s w h e r e i t fi n
,
d s ane qu ilib r i u m and w ill k ee p ,

thi s p osi ti onu n til a ch an e fi ts i t for an oth e r S u pp os e th en

g .
, ,

that a g ravi tati n g and e m ana ti ng p arti cl e are i n e x actly op

osi te s ta te s t o e a ch oth e r i n r e sp e c t t o th ei r d e re es of
p g
p osi ti v en ess o r n eg a ti v en ess : i t i s e vi d e nt t h a t b o th p a r ti cl e s

w ou l d fin d a c om m on e qu ilib ri u m only a t the sam e d i s tan ce

an d p osi ti on b e t w e en the c en te r an d c i r cu m feren ce The y .

w ou l d th er e m ee t an ,
d by vi r tu e of th e i r el e ctiv e afli n i ti es ,

fo r m a u n ionas m al e and fem al e p articl es and wou l d assu m e ,

 C O N C E N TRIC R I N G S . 79

a ci r cu la r or or bi tu a l m ot o i n, co i nci d ent w i th the r otat i ng

m ot oi n of the g ene ral m a s s, w hi ch M O TI ON the u ni ted n
r o

m enta of their p r ev i ou s ly g r a v i ta ti v e a nd em a na ti ge m ov em ents

w ou ld tend to s u s ta i n .

N ow , s u pp osi ng that th ere w e r e or igi nally j u st s e v e nki nd s

l
o r c a s s e s O f a tom ic p ar ti cl e s (no m atter i nto how m any m or e
ki nd s or cl asse s these w e re su s cep tibl e O f b ei ng s u b d i v i d e d ) ,

i t i s ea s y to p e rc e iv e tha t the for egoi ng p r i ncipl e s w ou l d

p r ob ably i nv olve s om ethi ng lik e the foll ow ing r e su l ts : one cl ass
of a tom s r ej e c ti n the i m m e d i a te com p an i on ship o f all othe rs
, g ,

w o u l d cl u s te r a r ou n d a c entr al p oi nt and form a su n Ea ch ,

.

of the othe r si x cl a s s e s O f a tom s i nlik e m an ,

ner r ej e cti ng the ,

i m m ed i a te com p ani onship of other a tom s w hil e ob eyi ng the ,

i m p u l se s O f i ts i nte r nal a nd str onge s t affi ni ti e s w ou l d a ssu m e ,

a ge n e ral d i s tan ce fr om the c en te r d e te rm i n e d by i t s s pec ific

p oi nt of e qu ilib r i u m and the r e contr acti ng u p on i tsel f

, , ,

w ou l d for m a m ass o f i ts o w n i nthe en e r al sha p e of a r i n

g
, g ,

s u r r ou n d i ng the i nt e r i or sol ar m a s s H e r e w e hav e a law o f

.

d ep osi ti onand aggr eg a ti on c orr e sp ond i n , g t o t h e l aw by w hi ch

p ar ti cl e s ci r cu l ati ng i n the hu m an bl ood a r e d ep osi ted and

, ,

a g r e a t e d i nthe for m o f m u s cl e c e ll u l ar t i ssu e s e t c

g g , , .

The u ni v ers al sy s te m a s thu s d e fi ni tely org aniz ed w ou l d

, , ,

ther e for e su pp osi n t h a t the r e a r e s e v e n g en e r a l v a r i e ti e s of

, g
m a tt er p r e s en
,
t the form O f s i x c once n tr i c r i n g s of n e b u l ou s

m a tter s u r r ou n din th e s e v enth f or m a ti on w hi ch i s the c e n t ra l

, g ,

su n . B u t i f ther e w er e a gr e a te r or l es s n u m b er O f ki n ds Of
m atte r the r e w ou l d b e a c or re sp on
,
d i ngly g r eater or l es s nu m
b er of r i ngs b u t all constru c te d on the s am e p ri ncipl e
, Of .

thi s an nu l ar str u c tu r e w e h a v e a g eneral anal ogu e thou gh on ,

a sm all s cal e i nthe r i n ,

g s O f the p l anet S atu rn and al s o ona ,

l ar g er s cal e i n the annu l ar neb u l ae of which th ere ar e a fe w

, ,

e x am pl es i nthe h ea v en s .
80 LAWS AND DEVELOPMENTS .

It s hou l d h ow e v e r th at the i d ea of thi s concentr ic

be a d d ed , ,

an nu l ar for m of s tru c tu r e canonly h ol d w h ena ss oci ate d w i th

the su pp osi ti on tha t the p r i m i tiv e p oi n
,
t of g ener al g ra vi tat i on

w a s a t or n ,
e ar the cen ter of the c haoti c m a s s
,
If the g r a v i .

ta ti v e p oi n t w as far ou t O f the c ente r t he n the e v ol v e d ,

m a ss e s i n s te a d of a s su m i n the form s O f ci r c les w ou l d a ss u m e

, g ,

the for m O f ellip ses h avi n g a p r epo n

,
d e r anc e o f the i r m a t e r i al s

onon e S i d e O f the s u n w h e r e i n d e e d the w hole m i gh t b e su b

, , ,

s e qu e n tly d r aw n by the su p e r i or g ravi tati n fo r c e o f t he i r

g
m aj or q u an ti ty a n d for m a s ep ar ate r e v olvi n
, g m as s I n .

e i the r c ase h ow e v er the fu nd am ental p r i ncip les i nv olv e d

, ,

w ou l d b e the sam e Bu t O f the g eneral p re v al enc e of the .

an nu l ar or at l eas t ellip tic al fo rm O f s tru c tu r e i nthe s i d er ea l

, , , ,

r eal m s the r e i s a s u ffi c i en
,
c y of oc u l a r p roo f a s i n c i d en tally ,

e x hibi te d i na p r e v i ou s c hap te r .

The F I F TH law gov e r n i ng a corr e sp ond i ng fi fth d e v el op

,

m en t i s the law O f S E G R E GAT I O N by w hi ch t he m ate r i al s O f

, ,

the p re vi ou s an nu l ar for m ati ons ob eyi ng hig her and m or e ,

sp ec i c e l e c tiv e affi n
if i i p i n fl n
’

t e s s e a a t e t o d i e r e ,
t m as s e s ro f ,

hig her nd low er d eg r ees of r efinem ent

a .

The na tu r e and m od u s op er a ndi of thi s law , m ay b e u nd e r

s tood by the foll ow i n c on s i d e r a ti ons : The com pl e ti onO f the
g
l as t or c i r cu l a r for m ati on b r i ngs the m ate ri al s of the u niv e r s e
,

to a tr i u ne d eg r ee a b ov eic s ta te O fthe i r p r i m e v al or c ha ot .

c ou r s e the r e for e n
,
ot on ly the e sse nces b u t the activi ti e s and
, ,

i nte r acti v i ti e s of the w hol e stru c tu r e a r e m o re r e fi ned

-

, ,

d i v e r s ifi ed a nd s y s t em a ti c
,
Ea ch neb u lo u s r i ng i s now i ts el f.

a c om p a r a tiv ely i n d ep end ent thea t e r O f m ol e cu l ar force and

m ot i on a n d all O
,
f them a c t u p one ach othe r by th ei r g rav i
t a ti v e a n d em ana tiv e for c e s w hil e the ce ntr al su n a s the , ,

g r eat h ear t Of the sy s tem conti nu es to send fo r th hi s vivi fy ,

in g a n d g enerativ e i n fl u ence to all .

 S EG RE G ATE D M A S S E S 81

It i s y to conc eiv e that the annu l a r m ass e s b e ing not

e as ,

on ly i nte rnally a cti v e b u t p ene t rated i nv ar i ou s d i r e c ti ons by

,

the r efrac te d e m an a tio n s from the c e n tr al s u n w ou l d b e ,

liabl e to b e r a r efi e d a t p a r ticu l ar p oints and cond ense d a t

o the r s and thu s to b e shru nk enand cl e ft ap a r t at p a r ti cu l a r
, ,

li nes and angl e s and that by i nhe r ent a cti onO f the p a rti cl e s
,

O f the r i n g s th em s elv es contr ac ti onw ou l d ta k e pl ac e fr om

,

the s e li n es O f cl ea v a e
g a n d,
th a t the m ate r i al s p r e vi ou sly

u n i ted w ou l d thu s b e segr eg ate d i nto s ep ar ate m ass e s These

,
.

m a s se s w ou l d on the s am e p r i n
,
cipl e b e li abl e to b e su b
,

d ivi d e d i nto i nfe r io r m asse s of gr ea ter or l e s s nu m b e r i n ,

p rop o rti on to thei r r e sp ec tive original m ag ni tu d es Thi s .

w hol e p r oc e s s of s eg r e ati on or
g fr a m en
g ta t i on i s
f ain t
,
ly
ill u stra ted by the b r eaki ng u p Of the cl ou d s after a sto r m and ,

th ei r r e s ol u ti oni n t o s ep a r ate m as ses .

Accord i ng to p r incipl e s b e for e e x pl ai ne d each g ene ral ,

m as s ow i n t o i ts p a r ti c l es r a vi ta ti n g to a c o m m oncen t er
, g g
w i thi ni ts el f w ou l d a s su m e a g e n
,
e r a l r ota tor y m oti onw hi ch ,

for r e a s on s w hi ch m a th e m a ti ci an s w ill r e a d ily c on c e iv e w ou l d ,

ne ce ssa r ily c onfor m i n i ts d i r e cti on t o the r e v ol u ti onof the

g r eat r ing of m u nd ane m ater i al s to w hi ch i t b elong ed and ,

e a c h su b m a ss w ou l d h a v e a p ar ti cu l a r r ota ti n
-
g m otionOf i ts
o w n w hi ch w ou l d con
,
for m t o the m oti onO f the gen e r a l m a ss

to w hi ch i t b el on ed i e su pp os i n th a t th e r e w e re n ot i n
g ,
. .
g
,

e i the r cas e an p a r ti cu la r or i n ci d en ta l c au s e s o f d i s tu r b an
y c e .

Th u s g eneral m as se s and t h e i r i ncl u d e d su b m a ss es w i th thei r

-

g ener al and p ar ti cu l ar cente r s O f g ra vi tati on a nd r e v ol u tio n ,

w ou l d by fu r ther p r ogre ssi on for m g ene r al s tell ar sy stem s

, , ,

an d the i r i ncl u d e d su b sy s te m s and fi nally al s o sy stem s of

-

, , ,

p l anets and s atelli tes all of w hi ch l atter w ou l d be e v olv ed by

,

the p r og r e ss ive u n fol d i ng s of the sam e p r i ncipl es h er eto for e ex

pl ained as gov erning the fo rm ationof the u ni v er sa l stru ctu re .
82 L Aw s AN D DEVELOPMENTS .

In thi s w ay , the re for e , as m a

y b e r at oi nally su p p osed ,

or igi nate d all the neb u l ae, l

c u s te r s , s t e ll a r s y s tem s
,
or fir m a

m e nts , w hi ch the t el e sc op e has r e v eal e d , toge the r w i th u ntol d

m illi on s of o ther s O f lik e n a t u r e , w hi ch li e fore v e r con c eal e d

fr om m or tal vi s i on" In oth er w or d s , each one Of th e s e

or i in a t e d fr om a f ra m e n t g
o f th e p e r i p h e r y of a g r e a t w h e e l
g
o r c i r cl e O f n eb u lo u s m a t er i al s, su rr ou n d in g the g r eat C e ter n
of all c e n ter s .

Thi s hyp oth esi s, r el ativ e to the o ri gi nof the s tell ar cl u sters,
i s not wi thou t str ong c onfi rm ator y e vi d en c e i n cel e sti al ap
e ar a n c I h a v e s u g e ste d that the V ivi fyi n g e m an a ti on
p es .
g s

from the c e ntr al su n, acti ng u po n the an g u l ar m a ss e s o f

neb u l ou s m atter , w ou l d p r od u ce pl ane s O f r a r efacti on and ‘

c l e a v a e i nv a r i ou s d i r e c ti on s , fr o m w h i c h pl a n e s eac h r e su l t
g
an t i nsu l ate d m a ss , a s a l s o e a ch of i ts s u b o r d i n a te a n d in
cl u d e d m a s s e s , w o u l d c on t r a ct u p on i ts ow n c en ter It i s .

e vi d en t, the r e for e t ha t e ach g en

,
eral m as s , w i th i ts i n cl u d ed
s u b m a ss e s , w ou l d fi r s t b e of an a n u l fo m — ou the sa m e
g a r r
-

p r i ncipl e on w hi ch any c ooli ng and cont r acti ng su b stance

t en d s to s ep ar a te i nto a n g u l ar m ass es, and as i s som e ti m e s
e x e m plifi ed i n the cl e a v ag e s O f i n e o u s r oc k s B u t, by the
g .

for c e O f i nter n al
g r a vi ty , a n d th e r o ta t o r y m otio n w hi ch ,

a cco r d i n g to p r i ncipl es b efor e e xpl ai ned , w ou l d natu r ally

r e su l t th e r e fr om , t h e s e n eb u l ou s m a s s e s w o u l d all t en d, a s
t h ey p r ogr essed to a ssu m e the ellip ti ca l or sp her i ca l form
,
.

N ow thi s i s p re ci sely w hat i s ob se r v e d i n r el a ti on t o the

,

neb u l ou s and s tell ar m ass es O f sp ace S om e a r e O f e x cee d .

in l i r r eg u l ar for m h a vi n l on an d shar p p roj e ct i ons fr om

gy g , g
the i r s i d e s an d a re of i r r eg u l a rly al te rn a ti n d egr e e s of d en s i ty
, g
i nth e i r c ente r s a s th ou gh they had by v ar i Ou sly i nte rs ecti ng
, ,

for ce s b e ensu b d ivi d e d i nto n

,
u m er o u s i nfe ri o r c om p ar tm ents .

C o m m enci ng at th es e e x trem e i rr eg u l ar i ti es th ere are all ,

 P R O G RESSI O N OF FORMS . 83

i nter m i d eg r ees of sy m m etr y i n sh ap e d ow nto the p e r

ed a te ,

fectly glob u l ar S h ap e to w hi ch the p r e v a ili ng for m s of thes e

,

s tell ar m asse s m an i fe st m or e or l e s s app r oxi m a tion J u dgi ng .

fr om app ea rances the r e for e one w ou l d say tha t the s e m a s se s

, ,

a r e e vi d en tly i n a ll d egr e es O f p rogr e s s i on b e tw een r u d i ,

m en tal a n d u l ti m a te for m s a n d that i nge n eral t ho s e of the

, , ,

m os t a n u l ar form s a r e the lea st whil e thos e of t he gl ob u l a r

g ,

for m a r e the m os t p r og r e s se d *
Thi s i s all m anife stly i n
,
.

e x ac t har m on y w i th the hypo th esis O f neb u l ar and angu l ar

s eg r eg ati on an d su b se qu ent firm am en
,
tal s ol ar a n d plane tar y , ,

congl ob ation w hich w e ha v e p rop ose d

,
.

M or eov er these neb u l ar or s tell ar m as s es al th ou gh th ey

, ,

a p p ear i n all d i re cti on s i nthe h e a v en s a r e s ai d t o app ea r a s , ,

al r e a d y i nti m a te d ing rea te s t ab u n d ance i n the d i re c ti onof a

,

p art i cu l ar pl ane w hich cu ts t he pl ane O f ou r M ilky W a y at

,

r i ht a n l es In t h e d i r ec ti on er en d i cu la r t o thi s pl ane
g g .
, p p ,

the y g r ow com p a r a ti v e ly thi n ( as d o the s ta r s i nthe d i re c ti on

In i ll n of
th e p r ogr essi on fr om an
u s tr ati o gu ari t and e ip ti ci t to sp h eri ci t in l y ll y y
b q
th ese od i e s, I m a y u ote th e foll ow ing from th e sp en d i d w or of Si r oh n ersch e , l k J H l
em b y
od i ng th e r esu ts of his l
serv ati on s at th e Ob
ap e O f ood HOp e i th r e fer enceC G . W
to th e e fi
ngrav e d gu r es of tw p arti cu ar n
o l bl
e u ae e i sti ng inth e x sou th ernh eav ens, he

y
sa s : Th e se fig u res e x b ll
h i i t e i p ti ca n le, n
e u la b
or m a i n th e ir l ch ara c te r —t h at is to
sa y, i nw h i c h , as th end ensati on i ncr eases tow ar d th e m i d d le , th e elhp ti ci ty of th e
co

stra ta d i m i n i sh es, or i n w h i ch th e i n ter i or an d d en s er p orti ons a r e O b v i ou sly m or e

near ly sp h e ri c al th anth e e xte ri or and r ar er A grea t nu m b er O f su ch nebu lae, O f ev ery

.

v ari e ty of ell i p ti ci ty an d c en tra l con d en sa ti on , ar e fi

gu r ed i nm y north ern c a tal og u e .

R e g ar d i ng th e sp h eri cal as only a p arti c u l a r c as e of th e elli p ti c form , and a ste llar

nu cleu s as only th e e xtr em e sta ge of cond ensa ti on, at lea st ni ne tenths Of th e w h ole -

ne bu l ou s contents Of th e h e av ens w ill b e fou nd to b elong to thi s class ; so th at, as

re g ar d s a la w an d a str u c tu re , th e i n d u cti on w h i ch r efers th em , as a cl as s, to th e
op e r a ti on O f si m i l ar c au ses, an d ass u m es th e p r ev al e n ce w i thi n th em , of s im i l ar

d ynam i cal cond i ti on s, is m ost fu ll an d sati sfa c tory To abs ta i n al togeth er from sp een
.

la tion as to w h a t m ay b e th e natu r e of th ose cau ses and cond i ti ons , and to r efu se all
a ttem p ts to r e con c i l e th e p h e n om en a O f so l arg e an d so d efin i te a cl a ss of cosm i c al
e xis te n c es, w i th m ec h an k
i cal l aw s, ta eni nth ei r m ost g en er al accep tati on , w ou l d b e to

err o n th e sid e of e x cess i v e cau ti onand p hi l

osop h i cal ti m i d lty ”— . H ERSC HEL S
’
Resu lts
at the Cap e o f Good Hop e, 22 .
84 LAW S AND DEVELOP MENTS .

p erp e nd i cu l ar to the p lane of the M ilky W ay ) su gg esti ng the

‘

i d ea O f a v e r y r e m ote app r oxi m a ti on to the hor iz ontal

b ou ndary Of t he s tr a tu m . Thou gh i t i s a thou ght b or d e ri ng
on the c on fi ne s of the hu m anc onc ep tiv e p ow e rs and thu s ,

p enetrati ng s o m ew h at i nto the r eal m s O f u ncer ta i nty and d ou b t ,

i t m ay s till b e p r op ou nd e d a s a qu e r y — Wh e ther the pl ane of

thi s g r a n d stra tu m of su b u niv e r s e s m ay not i nd ica te the
“

d i r ecti on of the p l ane of the gre a t R i n g O f or igi nal neb u l ou s

m at e ri al s fr om w hi ch t h e s e n
,
e b u l ae a nd s tell a r sy s te m s b e
c om e segregate d and r esolv ed i nto thei r p r e sent for m s and ,

w he ther all fir m am e n tal c r e at i on s r e v ea l e d by the t el e s c op e

, ,

m a
y n ot thu s b e i n c l u d e d w i thi n a c om p a r a tiv ely s m all

fra ctio nof a s eg m ent of one O f the g r ea t c o sm i cal r i n g s w hi c h

s u r r ou n d the C ente r o f all center s " Tho u gh a qu e s ti ons o
p r ofou nd canp r ob ably ne v e r b e fi nally d eci d e d by the hu m an
i ntell ect the i nd ica ti on of thi s grand pl ane of c osm i cal for
,

m ati on s t en
,
d s so far a s i t b ea r s u p onthe su bj e c t t o con
,
fi rm
,

ou r hypo th e s i s t h t all V i s ibl e n eb n d s tell a r s y s te m s

’
“ r
1
a
r

, ,

ar e s e r e ati on s fr om on e en e r a l m a s s of n eb u l ou s m a tte r
g g g ,

o r i gi n ally e xi sti n g onone ge ne r a l pl ane ; and the anal ogi es of

all k n ow n d efi n i te m oti ons and for m a ti ons i n the stell ar
s p a c e s p oi n
,
t to the i d e a of a c i r cu la r o r e lli p tical fo r m a s

c ha r a c te r izi n th i s r an d pl an e O f c r e a ti on s
g g .

W hil e thi s theory gives d e fini te for m a nd or d e r to the su b

e c t of ou r c on em p l ati on i op en s the m i n d o the m ost
j t s ,
t t

su bli m e c on cep ti on s O f m agn i tu d es and d i stances H ersch el .

e s ti m a te d tha t hi s gr e at t el e s cop e w o u l d r e v e al the e xi s t en ce

of a s t ar s o fa r r e m o v e d i n to sp a c e th a t light t ra v eli n ,
g at
t he r a t e of t w el v e m illi on s of m il es i na m i n u te w ou l d r e qu i r e
,

th re e thou sa n d fiv e hu nd r e d and for ty one y e ar s t o p a ss fr om

-

t h at s ta r t o ou r e ar th . S u ch ther efor e m ay b e s u pp ose d to

, ,

b e the app roxi m ate di stance of the r e m o test Of tho s e l u m i n ou s

 I MM E N S IT Y O F C REAT I O N . 85

m a ss e s hi ch w ere r e sol v abl e i nto stars by hi s tel escop e

w .

He how e v e r c om p u te d t ha t hi s l a rge t el e s cop e w ou l d foll ow

, ,

on e o f those l a r e cl u st e r s a s a n l if pl n ed s o
g g e e r a ,
m a s s u
g ,

d eep i nto s p a c e t ha t i ts li ght w o u l d r e qu i r e th r e e h u nd r e d

an d fi fty thou sand y ea rs to r e a ch u s ; a nd i t i s th ou ght tha t ,

the g r e a t t el e s cop e of L or d R os s w ou l d p u r s u e the s a m e

O bj ec t t o ten ti m es that d i s tanc e or a d i s tanc e w hi ch li ght

, _ ,

w i th i ts i n con ceiv abl e v el oci ty O f m oti on w ou l d cons u m e , ,

m or e th an thr e e m illi on s O f y e ars i n t r a v er s i n g Thi s ,

th er e for e m ay b e a ss u m e d a s the p r oxi m a te d i s tan

,
c e of the

r em otes t n eb u l ae r end ere d vi sibl e by L or d R os s s i nstr u m ent

’
.

If as i s p rob abl e all s tell a r c r eati ons i ncl u d e d i n a s ph e r e

, , ,

b ou nd ed on all si d es by thi s enorm o u s d i s tance consti tu te ,

o nly a sm all frac ti on of a segm ent of one s u ch ci rcl e of

cr e ati ons as w e h av e su pp ose d to su rr ou nd the gr ea t cog gm on
C ente r O f attr a cti on i t w ou l d not b e a d vi s abl e for the r ea d er
,

to a tte m p t to c onc e iv e of the d i m en si on s e v enO f on e O f thos e

w hole c i r c l e s m u ch l e ss of the w hole u n

,
i v er se ; w hi ch l at ter ,

ho w e v e r if cr eated m u st b e i nfe r i or to the C reator and thu s

, , ,

fini te .

B u t, ppl y i ng
a the ner a l l a w s to the c r eat i onof the
sam e g e

s ol a r, an d the c r e ati on of the u ni v er sa l, sy s te m , i t m ay b e

”

a sk e d , W hy i s i t that e i the r the u ni tar y aggl om e r a ti onr ep r e

s en te d by s i n l e pl an e ts or the m u l tipli e d s e r e g a t e d d ivi s i on
g , g
whi ch w e have su pp os ed to b e r ep r e s ented by nebu l ae and
s tell ar cl u ster s , d i d not ta k e pl a c e u n i form ly I nboth sy s te m s
”
a s the for m a ti on fr om the m at e r i al s O f the n eb u lo u s r i ngs 2
The ans w e r , I app reh end , m ay b e fou nd i n the d ifle r ent cond i
'

ti on s of the r i n s i n the tw o sy s tem s , as i n v olv e d i n thei r

g
d i ffe r ent m ag ni tu d e s Inthe g r e at sy ste m of sy stem s, the d i s
.

See Mit h ll
c e
’
s
“Planetary and S t ll W l
e ar or d ,” p 286 7
.
-
.

8
86 LAW S AND DEVELOPMENTS .

tan ec of p ar ti cl es at a x tr em e s m u s t h av e b e enso
ny tw o e ,

g rea t a s to p r e v ent them from h avi ng any ap p r eci a b le a ttrae

t i onfor e a ch o the r S om e t end e nc y t o d r aw t oge the r and fo rm
.

a si n l e p e rm an e n t m a ss i n d ee d th e r e m u s t hav e b e e n; b u t
g ,

thi s t en d ency at the m or e d i s tant p oi nts i n the m a s s m u st ,

h av e b eenso sm all and the activi ty of p ar ti cu l ar d i str i cts e s

, ,

p ec i ally after i ncipi ent nu cl eati on m u s t h a v e b eens o g r ea t , ,

an d so r api d ly i n cr ea s i ng a s to giv e r i se to s u b s e qu ent and

,

nu m e ou s u nd ane form s a d y te
r m n s s m s— the v er y thi n g p ro
p o sed i nou r theo r y of s eg r eg ati on and c onfi rm e d by ap p ear ,

a u ce s i nthe h ea v en s .

B u t i nthe s ol ar s y stem the d i s tanc e fr o m one e x tr em e O f

,

the a n nu l ar for m ati onto the othe r w as com p ar at iv e ly sm all ; ,

an d b e si d e s thi s w e m ay su pp ose t h at the v a r i e ti es of m a tte r

,

i ns o sm all a m a s s w e r e l e ss e x tr em e and tha t thei r a ffini ti es

, ,

w er e m or e i nti m ate th an i n the u niv e r sal m as s p r evi ou sly

,

spo k enof . Th er e w as th e r efor e not only a po ss ibili ty b u t a

, , ,

hi gh d eg ree Of p r ob abili ty th at the m ate r i al s of e ach O f the

,

ri n g s Of neb u l ou s m atter for m ed a rou nd ou r su n w ou l d assu m e ,

th e for m O f one m a s s w hi c h w ou l d su b s e qu en
,
tly m ov e i nan

o r bi t w h os e pl an e an d d i s tanc e w o u l d b e c oi nc i d ent wi th the

p r evi ou s r i ng .

B u t a dm i tti ng the n
,
eb u l ar hy p oth e s i s the m u ltip le d s e g r e
,

ati v e p r o ce s s a ctu a lly d o e s se em t o h av e tak e n pl ace i non

g e

i nstance e v en i nou r s ol ar sy stem and giv en r i se to sev er a l ,

p l anetar y b od i es a s the p r o d u c ts O f one r i ng It i s sca rc ely .

ne c essar y to say th at w e r e fer to tho se s trang e bo d i e s ca ll e d

the a ste r oi d s whi ch r e v olv e at a l m os t e qu al d i sta n
,
ce s fr om

the s u n b e t w eenthe o r bi t s O f M a rs an
,
d J u pi ter a nd of w hi ch ,

th e r e i s n ow k n o w nto b e fi fteenor six te eni n nu m b er Tha t .

t h e s e bo d i es m u st h a v e o r igi n ated fr o m on e p r i m i tiv e m a s s of

pl anetar y m atter th er e can b e b u t li ttl e d o u b t as su ch an

, ,
 ASTEROIDS . S O L A R I ZA T I O N . 87

hypo th esi s i s nec essa ry to p r es er v e the u ni form i ty Of the sy s

t e m an
,
d to su p ply the v ac u i ty th at w o u l d oth er w i se h av e
e xi s te d b e tw e e nthe orbi ts O f M a rs an d J u pi ter .

If th e r efor e i nstea d O f b e i ng w i th ou t p r og eny and r ev olv

, , ,

in n s oli t u d e w hich c an o n ly ow i n g o th e i r d i m i nu tiv e

g i ( b e t ;

nes s ) e a ch a ste r oi d w er e a ttend e d by a nu m e rou s fam ily O f

,

chil d ren and g rand chil d re n(or s atelli te s and s u b satelli tes )
- -

an d r e v olv ed a r ou n d one O f th ei r n u m b er w hil e p er for m i n

,
g
th e i r g en er al ci r cu i t ar o u n d a su p e r i or c ente r they w ou l d e x ,

ac tly ill u str a te ona sm all s cal e o u r i d e a of the s eg r eg ate d

, ,

s t ell ar cl u st er s of the u n iv er se— e ach O f w hi ch l atter m ay b e

s u p p os e d t o r e v olv e a s on e g en e r al bo d y lik e the a s te roi d s i n
, , ,

ano rbi t g en e r a lly coi n ci d i ng as to pl ane and d i stance fr om the

,

gr eat and c om m onC enter w i th the pl ane and d i sta nce O f the
,

gr eat r i ng of neb u lou s m ater i al s i nw hi ch i t had i ts p ar e ntage .

B u t i t s h ou l d b e u nd er s tood th at the fifth s tag e i nthe p r o

,

cess of cr eati on c onsi d e r ed m e rely a s a p r oc e ss of seg r eg a ti on

, ,

i s co m pl e te wi th the form a ti on s i m ply Of s ep ar a te an gu l ar

m a ss es an d su b m as ses fr o m the g ener al m ater i al s Of the n
-

,
eb

nlou s r i ng s .

The s i x th p r oc es s i nthe c r eativ e p r oc e d u re i s a p r oc e s s O f ,

sola r i za ti on or O ,
ne by whi c h th es e p r evi ou sly s eg reg ated and
i nd e fini tely fo rm e d m ass es and th ei r su b d ivi s i ons b ecom e -

e s tabli sh e d su n Thi s p r o c ess i s a cco m pli shed b y g ra vi ta

‘
s .

t io n s to an d em ana ti ons fr om c en
,
tr a l points i nthe segr eg a te d
,

m as s e s on p r i n
,
cipl es e s s en ti a lly the s am e w i th thos e p r e vi

ou sly e xpl a i n e d a s applyi n g to the form a tionO f the fi r st g reat

c en tr al B od y ; b u t i nthi s hi ghe r p r o c e ss the op er a ti on s m a
, y
b e su pp osed to b e m o r e r efi ne d and r egu l ar i np r op or ti on t o
the su p e r i or r e fi n e m en t O f the e l em en ts a n d d y nam i c agents
w hi ch a r e i n
'
volv e d These s u ns assu m e sp e cifi c d istances and
.

o rbits d eter m i ned b y the l aws Of e qu ilibri u m and com ,

88 LAW S AN D D EVELO PME N TS .

m e nce th ei r h a rm onio u s i
ac t o ns and
i ns u p onea ch oth e r
r e act o
,

d e v el opi n g a si x th law — the la w O f u niv er s al c os m i cal sy m p a

t hy an d r ecip r ocati on — co r r e sp ond i n to the ne r v ou s sy m p a thy
g
an d r e cip r ocal ac ti one xi s ti ng b e tw eenthe d i ffe r en t organ s of

t he hu m anb od y the li ttle u n

,
iv e r s e .

The sev enth and l a st law and p r oce ss i n thi s se r i e s of u ni

v er sal c r eati ons i s th at by w hich p l anetar y m a s se sf — b d di es
,
‘

d esti ned to b ec om e u l ti m a tely habi tabl e— w er e e v olv ed fr om

the p r e vio u s s ol a r m as s e s O f c ou r s e i t i s to b e su p p o sed
.

th at th e se b od i es w er e p r o d u c e d fr om the s ol ar m a ss es by e v o

l u ti ons of neb u l ou s r i ng s and by aggl om er ati onof the m ater i al s

,

O f th ese a cc or d in
,
g t o p r i ncipl e s b efo r e e xpl a ine d Thi s d e .

v elop m e n t co m pl et e s t he fu n d a m en tal stru c tu r e of the m ater i al

un iv ers e as su ch and s erv es as the B as i s and m ateri al G er m
,

of all su b s e qu en t an d m or e r efi ned u nfol d i n gs .

The d i ffe r ent s tag es thr ou gh whi c h the u niv e r sal m a ss Of

m a te r i al s h a v e p a s se d fr o m
,
g er m inal to u l ti m ate for m s m ay ,

th erefo r e b e su m mar ily r ep r e s en t e d i nthe foll ow i n g fo rm u l a :

PRI M AR Y TR I N I TY . SEC O N D AR Y TR INI TY .

Hea t p er v ad ed c h a os
-
. 4 . C onc entr i c ne b u l ou s ri ng s .

L u m i nou s a ttr a c ti v e nu cl eu s . 5 . S egr eg a t ed m a sses ( fr om ri ngs).

El ectr o i nter a c t i v e
-
S ph e r oi d . 6 . S u ns a nd l
c u s ter s of su ns .

UL T I M AT E

7 Ha b i ta bl e
. w or lds .

It i s tru e th at w e ca nh ave no fi nal and a b sol u tely n

se su ou s

d em onstrati on that s u ch i s the s tru c tu r e O f the . u ni v er s e , b e

cau s e the tel e s cop e w i th all i ts m agi c p ow er s has p r ob ably
, ,

r e v e al e d a s i t w e r e b u t ani n
, ,
fini te si m al fragm ent Of the gr eat
u n i ted S y s t e m . Yet consi d er i ng that the t el e s cop e has exp li
,

c i tly r e v eal ed th at the sam e l aw s of g rav i ta ti onan d r e v ol u tio n

ary m o tion which app ly to ou r ow n p l an etar y wo rl d s ap ply ,
 SUMM ARY OF EV I D EN OES . 89

l o
a s to the m ost cl u s te r s Of s tar s thu s bi ndi ng all sy s
d i s tant ,

t e m s an d firm am e nts tog e the r i n one fam ily r e l ati on and r e ,

fe r r i n th t co n p nt e — c on s i d er i n
g t h e r e fore
g em o a m m o a r e a
g , ,

tha t o u r ow n s ol ar sy s te m i s of i ts el f a li ttle u n i v e rs e e x e m ,

lif i n ll th p ri n ipl s i n olv e d i n the g r ea t u n iv e rs e O f

p y g a e c e v ,

w hi c h i t i s a chil d an d a nti typ e— and c onsi d e ri n g as w e m a

y ,

now w ell d o tha t the ne b u l ar hyp othe s i s O f c r eati on i s the

,

c or r e c t one and that l aw s ar e u ni for m throu ghou t the w hol e

,

r eal m O f b ei n g— the p r ep ond erance O f anal ogica l e vi d enc e

m u s t w e thi n
,
k b e ad m i tte d to b e i n fa v or of the g ener a l
,

t r u thfu l n e s s O f the t h e or y he r e p r op ou n d ed F or i nthe fi rs t

.
,

pl a ce (ad m i tti ng the neb u l ar hypo the si s ) ou r ow ns u n en , ,

thron e d i nthe m i d s t O f o u r sy s te m a ffor d s an ocu l ar p r oof

,

t ha t m att e r i na p r i m i ti v ely d i ffu s e d s ta t e an d ob eyi ng the i m

,

p u l s e s b r eath e d i nto i t fr om the D i v i ne spi r i tu al sou rc ekw i ll

a ssu m e a c e n tr al gr av i ta ti n
, g a,n d r o ta ti n g N u cl e u s ; a n d th i s

hi nts a t the g r ea t N u cl e u s w hi ch onthe s a m e p ri nc ipl e s se e m

, , ,

in gyl m u s t h av e n ece s sa r i ly b e e n f o r m e d i n th e m i d s t o f t h e

or i i n ally c ha oti c m a te r i al s o f the w hol e u n i M r eov e r

g v e r s e o .
,

the r i n gs of S a tu r nsho w the for m s na tu r ally fi r s t a ssu m e d by

the a ttr ac te d an d e m ana t e d m ater i al s O f a c ent ral b od y w hi c h ,

for m s w ill b e e f v aryi ng d i s tanc e s from the c e ntr al b od y a c

‘

,
,

c or d i n to th e i r sp e c ifi c d e r e e s O f d e n s i ty or l e vi ty S
g g om e .

s u c h for m s s ee m i n ly m u s t ha v e n ecessa r i ly b ee n e l ab o r a t e d
g ,

not only by ou r ow nc ent r al su n b u t by all othe r su ns of s u f

,

fic i ent m agni tu d e and a c ti v i ty and e s p eci ally by the gre a t S un

,

of a ll s u n s. B u t su ch annu l ar form s of c ou rs e c an b e p r e , ,

s e r v e d thr ou
g h s u b s e qu en t c o n d e n s a t i on o n ly i n,
ca s e O f t h e

ni c e s t e qu ili b ri u m i n the i r m at e r i al s a nd m o ti ons su ch a s i s ,

c h a ac te r i s ti c O f S a tu rns r i n g s If th ere i s any c onsi d e rabl e

’ '

r .

i ne qu ali ty i ne i ther of th e se p ar ti cu l ar s the annu l ar m ass i n ,

c on tra c ti ng w ill i nevi tably r esolv e i tsel f i nto the fo rm O f one

,
90 L A W S A N D D E V E L O P M E N T"
or m o r e bo d i e s w h ose O r bi t of r e v ol u ti onw ill b e su ch as w as
,

d es c r ib ed by the p os i ti o nof the p r e vi ou s r i ng .

T hi s consi d erati onnot only e xpl ains the or i gi nof the pl anet s
s atelli t e s a n
,
d a ster oi d s O f ou r ow n s ol ar sy stem fr om the ,
,

m a te r i al s of p r e vio u s n e b u l ou s r i n s b u t su ggests tha t an al

g ,

o o u s s i n u l ar an l ipl c n gl b i ns m u s t seem i n
g g d m u t e o o a t o g ly,
o
f
necessi ty h av e i n lik e m anner b een form ed i n thg s i d efi al
, , ,

s p a c e s fr om the m a te r i a l s of n e b u l ou s r i n s su r r ou n d i n th ei r
, g g
r e sp ec ti v e ce n te r s the s e all b e i n
,
g su b or d i nate to a fi na l and
com m on C e n te r a s all c r ea te d thi n
,
g s p r o cee d fr om a fi nal and
com m onC au s e .

W e m ay ther efor e say that th er e ar e m any a v enu es op en

, , ,

t ow a r d the hyp oth e s i s w e h a v e p r opo u n d e d r esp ec ti n g th e

or i gi n an d stru ctu r e of the u niv e rs e and m an ,

y gu i d e b oar d s -

or fa c ts an p rin cipl e s p oi n i ng al on g e s e a v en u e s all i nthe

( d ) t ,
th ,

s am e d i r ec ti on; w hil e i f the m i n ,

d a ttem p ts to tr a v e l i na d i f
ferent d i r e cti on and i nq u e st o f other c oncl u s i ons i t n
,
ot o n ly
,

fi nd s no su ch g u i d e b oar d s to d i rect i t and no s u ch a v enu es

-

O p enfor i ts p as sage b u t i t i s cons tantly Ob stru cte d by b ar r i ers

,

O f p hil os op hi ca l d i fl i cu lty and e ach O f the s tep s O f i ts p r og ress

,

i s pl ante d only onthe m i ry and tr e a ch erou s gr ou nd O f a ssu m p

ci on W hil e ther efor e the m i nd i s e v e r h el d op ento the r e
.
, ,

e ti onof n e w li ht a n d illi n gn ss i s p re ser v e d to ab an d n

p g a ,
w e o ,

an p r e s en t e r r or s for the s ak e o f su b s e quen tly u n fol d ed

y
t r u ths i t w ou l d s eem th at w e m igh t w i th ou t s u bj ecti n
, ,
g ou r
s e l v e s to a n j u st c h ar g e O f p hil osop hi cal r a sh n e ss s et tl e i n
y , ,

t he p r e s e n t con vi c ti on that the for egoing hy p oth esi s at l east

, , ,

a s to i ts
g er a l an
en d m ost essenti a l p r i n ci p l es can not v a ry
,

m u ch fr o m the tru th .
 C H A P TE R V I I I .

T HE s
S E VEN D Y N AM I C A G E N T S O R P O T E N T I AL M E D IA
OF N A T URE .

To fa cili ta te cl ear conc ep ti onO f the r el ati ons of the D ei ty

a

to an
,
d hi s m od e O f acti n g u p o n the u niv er s e as w ell for
, ,

o th er i m p or tant u ses w e will now end e av or to a ttai n to

,

s o m e fu r th e r con cep t i on s of the d y n a m i c ag ents i m m e d i a te ly

connected w i th the sev en gener al l aw s and thei r c orr e sp ond ,

in g s e v e nfol d
-
d e v el op m ents c o nsi d er e d i n the for egoi ng
,

c h ap ter .

It w as b efor e i nti m ate d on g r ou nd s w hi ch app e ar e v ento

,

tr an s c en d m er e p r ob abili ty th at the agents i m m e d i ately c on

,

ce rned i n g ene rati ng i n the u niv ersal chaotic m ass the fi rst
'

th r ee p hen om en a O f Exp an sio n C on tr a cti on a n

,
d C i r cu l ation , ,

w ere H eat Ligh t and El e ctr i c i ty By the ag ency O f thes e

, , .

th re e p r i n cip lgs w e h a v e s u pp os e d th at the m a s s w as s u c

,

c e s s i v ely d e v el op e d fr om a cha oti c to a nu cl ea te d and , ,

sph e r oi d al form Ano ther and corr esp ond i ng t r i ni ty O f age nts
.

w a s hi n te d a t w hi ch w ill n
, ow fo r m the su bj e c t of sp eci al c on

si d e r a ti onan d ill u s tr ati on .

In u n fol d i ng the d octr ine Of the s ev enfol d se ri es i t w as -

sho w n th at the fou r th fifth and s ix th m em b e r s O f su ch a

, ,

s er i e s c om p o s i n
,
g a S econda r y T ri ni ty b e a r a c er ta i n cor r e ,

sp on d en c e r esp ectiv ely

, to the fi r s t s eco n
,
d and thi r d m e m
, ,

b er s whi c h co m p o se a Pr i m a r y Tr in
,
i ty Thu s as the Pr i .
,

m ar y Tr i n i ty O f co n d i tions i n the u n iv ersal m ateri al m ass ,

 92 D Y NAM I C AGENTS .

c ons is te d Of the nu cl ea te d a nd the sph er oi d al s o

chaot c ,i the , ,

the S ec on d a r y Tr i ni ty (com p r i si ng neb u l ou s r i ng s se gr ega te d ,

an d c ontr acti n ra m e n s, an e v el op e d s ol ar form s

g f g t d d ) y m a

b e cha r a cte r iz e d a s s e cond ar y chaos s e cond a ry nu cl e a ti on and , ,

s e c on d ar y sp her oi d ati on Thi s b ei ng s o, and the d y nam i c

.

e l e m en ts O f the fi rst T r i n i ty b e i ng H eat L i ght, and El ec ,

t r i c i ty ( e ac h p r ob ably i n a g r os s d eg r e e O f d e v el opm en t) a ,

c arryi ng ou t of i d enti cal p ri ncipl e s w ill l e ad to the s u pp os iti on

that t he d y n am i c a e n t s p ec u li a r to the S econ d a r y Tr i ni ty
' g ,

a r e s u ch a s w ou l d cor r esp on d to H e a t L i g ht, and El ec tr i ci ty , ,

i n a s econda r y d egr e e of d e v el op m e nt s o t o sp e a k , w i thou t , ,

h ow e v er su pp osi ng th at the y ar e ab sol u tely i denti ca l w i th

,

H e at L i ght and El e ct r i ci ty a s thes e ter m s w ou l d or d i nar ily

, , ,

b e u nd er stood Thi s how e v er i s a m e r e d ed u c ti on from

.
, ,

p ri ncipl e s and c or re sp ond e nces ; let u s now s e e i f the re a r e

an su b s tan ti al f a cts t o s u pp o r t It
y .

S u ch fac ts a r e i nv ol v ed i na s e ri e s O f i nter e s ti ng and m ost

i m p or tant d i s cove r i e s m a d e by BAR ON VO N REI C II EN B AC H a
, ,

fe w y ea rs ago a nd O f w hi ch w e w ill n
,
ow s p e a k b r i e fly The .

c ou r se Of e xp e r i m ents w hi ch led thi s i ngeni ou s phil osop her to

the d i s cov e r i e s i n q u e sti on w a s c om m en ce d by t e s ti n
,
g the
p r op e r ti e s O f m agne ts By the a ssi s tanc e O f a nu m b e r of
.

d eli ca te ly organiz e d p e r s ons m ai n ly ca tal ep ti c p ati e nts i n

, ,

w hom the s en s es e sp e ci ally s ig h t a n d feeli n i n n n

, g w e r e a u ,

c om m ond e gr ee O f e x a l ta ti on he as c e r tai n e d tha t fr om

,
e i ther

p ol e Of an O p en m agne t ther e w as c onstantly g iv en for th a

lu m i nou s fla m e li k
,

,
e ap p ea r a n
-
ce v i s ibl e i n a d a r k r oo m
,
bu t ,

on ly to s u ch as p oss e s sed thi s u ncom m onacu tene s s O f vi s i on .

The fl am e s s e nt for th fr om the p ol e s O f a l arge h or se shoe -

m a n e t ca ab le of su pp or t i n n i ne ty p ou n d s w er e d e s c r ib e d
g p , g ,

a s ab ou t ei ht i n h e s i nm eanl en g th m i n l e d w i th i r r i d es c e n t
g c g ,

colo rs and g ently flick er ing and w avi ng sho tening and
, ,
r
 R E I C II E N B A C H
’
S E X P ER IMEN TS 93

l
e o ngati ng , a nd yi el d i ng w bl ow n u p on and wh en the
hen ,

hand or an y o the r s oli d b o d y w a s p ass e d t hr o u gh the m .

The w h ol e app ear anc e w a s d es c r ib e d a s b ei ng e x ceed i ngly o

b eau ti fu l .

Thi s e xp e r i m ent w as r ep eate d w i th m any d i ffer ent O b se r v a

e r s from
,
all of w hom the s am e gen er al d esc r i p ti onw a s O b

ta i n e d — the acc u r acy O f w hi c h w a s fu r the r t e ste d by v a ryi n .

g
the e xp er i m en ts w i thou t the k n ow l e d g e Of the ob s e r v e r s an d ,

noti ng the c or r e sp ond i ng and u ni for m v a ri a ti ons O f the ap u

ea r an es d e scr ib e d
p c .

B u t i n or d er t o O b ta i n s till fu r ther ass u ranc e tha t th os e

,

l u m i nou s app earances d e sc rib e d by oth er s w er e r eal thou gh ,

i nvi sibl e to hi m s el f the e xp er i m enter by the ai d of another

, ,

s c i en tific g e n tl e m an i n s ti tu te d the foll ow i n a d d i t i on al t est

, g
A v er y sens i ti v e d agu er r e oty p e pl ate w as p r ep ar e d and plac e d
opp osi te to a l a r ge op en m agn e t i na close d b ox e n
,
vel op e d ,

i n thi c k b e d cl othe s s o th at not a p ar ti cl e of or d i na ry li ght

-

c ou l d e n te r i t After the l ap se of six ty fou r h ou r s the pl ate

.
-

, ,

w h e ne xp os e d t o m e r cu r i a l v ap or w a s fou n ,
d to b e d i s ti nc tly
a ffe c te d a s by li ht
, g A .n o th e r pl a te ha d b e e n a t the s am e ,

t i m e si m il a r ly p r ep a r e d an
,
d i ncl ose d i na d a r k b ox w i thou t
, ,

a m agn e t an d a fte r a s i m il ar l en h i m e thi s fw a s fou n

/
, g t O f t d t o

b e enti r ely u naffe cted .

The li ght w a s a l s o su bj ecte d t o the t e s t O f the c onv e x l e ns ,

an d w a s fo u nd t o b e c on v er g e d and thr o w n u p onthe w all i n

the s a m e w a y a s an y o th e r li ht b u t a t a con
g ,
s i d er a b ly g r ea ter

oca l d i s ta n ce w hi c h fa c t of i ts el f p r o v e s th a t the l u m i n
f ,
ou s s u b

s tan ce w a s d i ffe re n t fr om or d i n a ry li ht
g .

By t e s ts si m il a r to thos e w hi ch w e r e e m pl oy e d w i th the
m a n e t i t w a s su b s e q u e n t ly a s c e r ta i n e d w i th e q u al c e r tai n ty
g , , ,

t ha t si m il ar li ghts w e r e al s o e m i tte d fr om cr y s ta ls The fl am e s .

i ssu ing fro m the p oints Of l arge c ry stal s w ere d escr ib ed by

94 DYNAMIC A GENTS .

t ho se w ho cou l d se e th e m a s b e ing som e w hat i nthe shap e O f

,

a t u li p a n ,
d s i ngu l a rly b e au ti fu l O ne y ou n
. g lad y u sed w hen ,

ill t o li e a w ak e nights enj oyi ng the sight of the b eau ti fu l fl am e

,

e m i tte d fr om a l ar g e r oc k c r y s ta l w hich had b een l eft i n he r

r oom . B u t bo d i e s c onfu se d ly cry s talli ne e x hibi ted b u t li ttl e O f

thi s p hen om en on a n ,
d bo d i es en ti re ly a m or p hou s e xhibi te d
none b u t ne v er th el e ss g a v e for th in com m on w i th cry s tal s
, , ,

m ag n e ts an ,
d oth e r thi n g s a still m o r e su b tl e i nfl u ence w hi ch
, ,

will h er e after b e d es cr ib ed .

O u r e xp er i m en ter su b s e qu en tly i n tr o d u c ed oth e r t e sts wi th

the V i e w O f a sc er ta i n i ng to w hat e x tent thi s ne w ly d i sc ov e re d -

for ce p r e va il ed i n na tu r e He e x tend e d the end O f a wi r e

.

th r ou gh the k eyhol e O f the d oo r O f a p e r fe c tly d a r k en e d r o om ,

i nw hi c h he pl a c e d a p e rs on w hos e s ense s w ere s u ffic i en tly

a cu te to d e tect an y l u m in ou s or other p he n o m e na w hic h m i h t

g
p r e s ent i ts el f a s the r esu l t of any e xp er i m ent The othe r .

en d of the w i re he a tta che d to a m e talli c pl a te w hi ch w i th ou t , ,

l e tti ng the O b se r v e r pl ace d in the r o om k now w h at he w a s

d oi ng he w ou l d p u sh ou t i nto the r ay s O f the su n or O f the
, ,

m oon or of the pl an
,
e ts o r fix e d s tar s ; o r w ou l d pl ac e an
,

an i m al a pl ant or hi s ow nh and s u p on i ts s u r fa ce ; or w ou l d
, , ,

su bj e ct i t t o c he m i c al a c tio n o r the ac ti on of h ea t c ol d or
, , ,

e l ec t r i c i ty He fou nd the r e su l ts of all the s e e xp er i m ents

.

nea r ly u ni for m i none p ar ti cu l a r v i z i n r e sp ec t to the em i s

,
.
,

s i onO f a n ar r o w t u ft O f lig ht s e v er al i n che s i nl en g t h fr om ,

the e n d O f the w i r e w hi ch w ou l d b egi n to b e vi s ibl e s oon

,

a ft e r t he ag e n t e xp er i m en t e d u p onw a s b r o u gh t to b e a r u p on

the pl a te I nd e e d w hate v e r p os s e sse d i ni ts el f the l ea st m O

.
,
o

Ie c u lar for ce or a cti on w a s fou nd to b e cap abl e O f e v olvi ng a

,

g reater or l ess d eg r e e of thi s l u m ino si ty .

O th e r p r oc ess es g av e ana na ly si s Of th ese lig hts and sho w e d ,

r em ar k abl e r el ati on s i nth e ir co n sti tu en ts to d i ffe r en t p oi n,

ts
 SEVEN -
F OLD L UMINOSITY . 95

i nthe te rr estr i al a nd c el e sti al sp her e s It w as fou nd for e x am pl e

.
, ,

t h at the fl am e s from the p ol e s of a l a rg e e l ec tr o m ag n e t w hi c h

( -

w er e m u c h l a rg e r an d b r i ghte r than thos e e m i tte d f om the r

p e rm anent steel m agne t) w ou l d afte r the galv ani c c i rc u i t w a s

,

c om pl e te d sl ow ly and gr ad u ally r esol v e them selv e s i nto d i s

,

ti n ct s t r a tificat i on s of c ol or p r ese n ti n i n fac t t h s e v enfold

g e -

, , ,

l u m i nosi ty of the r a i nb ow w i th the r ed b el ow and the v iol et

,

a b ov e . Th ese c ol or s ag a i n w er e fou nd to v ary w i th the

, ,

v aryi ng d i stance s a t which th y w e e r e e —

V i w e d the w h ol e O f
the app ear an c e s w h ent a k ent og eth er s h ow i n
,
g that e ach one
,

o f the d i fl e r en tly c olo r e d ra d i ati on s t er m i n at e d for the m os t

'

p ar t at a cer tai nd i s tanc e fr om the co m m on c enter Of lu m i n

,

o si t T h i s d i s tan c e th ou gh R e i c h en b a ch d i d n ot r e m a r k i t
y .
, ,

w as p r ob ably n ear ly the s am e a ll a rou n d ; the d i ffer en tly

col or ed r ay s thu s form i ng a sy s tem Of c oncentr i c sp he r es o f

light .

Gu ar d ing ag ai ns t e r r o rs w hi ch m i gh t ar i s e fr om v ari a ti ons

i nth e se c ol or s as r e su l ti ng from the v a ryi ng d i stanc e s a t w hi ch
the y w e r e vi e w e d ou r phil os oph er w a s n
,
ow p r ep a re d for
an othe r i n te r e sti n g step H avi ng p r evi ou sly fou nd that a m ag
.

neti c b ar wi th p ol e s i nthe d i r e cti onof the d ip al w a y s em i tted

, ,

d i ffer en t col or s fr om th os e i t g av e i n the m e r i d i an he p r o ,

c e e d e d to a s c e r ta i n w hat e ffe ct oth er p os i tio n s O f the p ol e

w ou l d h a v e u p on the c h a r a ct er of the l u m i n os i t y F or thi s .

p u rp os e he cau s e d a m agneti c b ar to r ev olv e l engthw i s e fi r s t ,

i na v e r ti cal c i r cl e i nthe d i r ec ti on of the m ag neti c m er i d i an ,

theni na v e r ti c a l c i r cl e i na d i r ec ti onea st an d w e s t and l astly , ,

i na h or i zon tal ci r cl e He fou nd th at i n each cas e d i ffer ent

.

c ol or s w er e e v olv e d a ccor d i n g as the m agne t w a s p oi nte d i n

d i ffe r ent d i r e cti ons a nd tha t a s i t p assed i nea ch ca se thr ou g h
, , ,

a com p le t e c i r c le i t
,
ev olv ed, i nr eg u lar su ccessi o n, a ll the color s

f
o the r a i n bow
96 DYNAMIC AGENTS .

By b se qu e nt el ectr o m agnetic e xp e ri m ents w i th anar ti

su -

fic i al gl ob e c a ll e d the ter r elle R e i che nb a ch su c c ee d e d i np r e

,

c i se l r e p r od u c i n the a pp ea r a n c e s o f the a u r or a bor ea li s a n d

y g ,

m a b on s i d e r e d a s ha v i n p r ob a bly affor d e d a com pl e te

y e c g
s ol u t i onof t ha t i n te r e s ti n p h en o m en on
g .

W e find i nthe s e r em a rk abl e fa cts a c om pl et e v er ifi ca ti onof

ou r p r e vi ou s hyp oth e s i s s o fa r a s i t r el a te s to a n e ss en ce
,

w hi c h m ay b e c all e d secon d a r y lig ht Whil e thi s li ght i s i n

.
,

s om e p a r ti cu l ar s s i m il a r to or d i n
,
a r y li ght i t d i ffe r s fr om i t
,

t otally i nothe r s as the fo r e goi n d e s c r ip ti onr e n d e rs O bvi ou s ;

, g
an d i t the r e for e m ay b e j u d ge d to b el on g to a som e w hat d if er
en t d eg r ee of n a t u r a l d e v e l op m en ts C onsi d e r i ng thi s the r e
.
,

for e a s one O f t he m e m b e r s of ou r s u pp os e d S e cond a r y T r i ni ty

,

o f i m p on d e r a bl e s w e s hal l n
,
ow s e e tha t ou r hyp o the s i s s o fa r ,

a s i t r el a te s t o the other t w o m e m b e rs is n ot w i thou t the s u

, p
p or t O f s i m il ar facts .

W he na hor s e shoe m agne t w as clo se d by a na rm atu re all ,

a pp e a r a n ce s Of a l u m i n o u s fl a m e w ou l d i m m e d iately cea s e ,

b u t w o u l d b e i nstantly r e p r od u ce d on the r e m ov a l of the

a r m a tu r e T hi s e s tabli she s the p r ob abili ty tha t the s am e for c e
.

w hi ch inthe op e n m a n et en e r a tes t he l u m i n o s i ty i s by t he
g g , ,

a ppli ca ti ono f the a rm a tu r e s i m ply r en ,

d e r e d la tent S O fa r a s i ts ,

flam e gene r a ti ng p o w e r i s c onc er ne d b u t that i t ne v e r thel e ss

-

s till e xi s ts i n the c l o s e d m a n et a n d a c ts a s ani n ter na lp ri n

g ,

c ip le or a s a p r i n
,
c ipl e co r r e sp on d i ng to fire or h e at Thi s .

v i e w i s fu r the r c on fi rm e d by the fa ct that one Of R ei chenb ach s ’

s u bj e c ts s a w e v enc l os e d m a n e ts an d i nd e ed m e tal s of all

g , , ,

ki nd s l u m i nou s i n the d ark a s thou gh they ha d b e en h e ate d

, ,

t o i ncan d e s ence— w i thou t how e v er g ivi ng for th any fla m e lik e

, ,
-

s ci n till a t i on s . S u ch then a re the e vi d e nce s of a S econd a r y

, ,

Bu t st ill m o r e co ncl u siv e i nd ications w ere O b tai ned Of a n

 EFFECTS O F MAGNETS . 97

elec tr oi d , or electr i ci ty -
li kg ne a e nne c te d w i th the id enti
t, as co

cal s o u r c es O f the se oth e r p he n om e n a It w a s fou nd tha t

.

m ag n ets c ry s tal s , o r w hate v e r affor d e d the p he n m e n a O f thi s

,
o
a tten u a te d lig ht, t og e ther w i th m an y thi ng s w hi ch d id not,
al s o e m i tte d ani n fl u ence or a u r a w hi ch w as cap abl e of acti ng
d e ci d e d ly u p ont he n e r v e s O f a c e r tai n p r op o r ti onof p e r s on s .

Thi s a u r a w a s d es cr ib ed as w ar m or col d , acc or d i ng as i t w as

r e c e iv ed fr om e i the r p ol e O f the m a n e t or c r y s tal or a ccor d
g ,

i ng to the p osi tiv e or neg at iv e qu ali ty of any othe r s ou r ce

fr om w hi ch i t w a s ob tai ne d It w a s fou nd c ap abl e o f acti ng
.

a t a d i st an ce, an d of b e i n g transm i tte d throu gh cond u cting

m e d i a , an d O f s o m eti m es a c ti n g s o p ow e rfu lly u p onthe s ensi
t iv e a s to p r od u ce c a tal ep s y a n d d an g er ou s s p asm s T hu s at .

on e ti m e , d u r i ng the ill ne ss of one O f R e i chenb ach s em pl oy e es,

’

he h el d a l ar ge m agne t, cap abl e of s u pp or ti n g ni ne ty p ou nd s,

a t the d i s tan ce O f s ix p ace s from her fe e t, a s she lay on her
b e d , w i th he r p hy si ci an by her s i d e W hil e the a r m atu r e
.

w a s a tta ch ed to the m agn e t s he fel t n o p ecu li ar s e n s a tio n,

b u t
the i n s tan t i t w as r e m ov e d she fell i n to t e tan i c sp asm s and
com pl ete u nconsci ou snes s fr o m i ts acti on The a r m atu r e .

b ei ng again attache d , the gi r l sl ow ly r ec ov ered her s ens es,

an d her p hy si ci ana d vi s e d th at the e xp er i m en t sh ou l d not b e
r ep e a te d. Anoth er l a d y , su bj ect t o a ttack s Of catal ep sy ,
c ou l d i n stan tly d e te ct the app r oa ch O f a n op en m agn e t,

thou gh the l a tte r w a s b r ou gh t, w i thou t he r k n ow l e dg e O f the

i ntenti on, ne ar the h ead O f he r b e d , on the op p osi te s i d e O f

the ll
w a .

M ag nets cr y s tal s
, ,
e tc .
,
w er e l
a so fou nd to p ow e r fu lly a t
tr a c t the ha n c atal ep tic p a ti ents e v en d u r i ng the nu
“

ds Of ,

c onsciou sness O f thei r fits .

It w a s al so a sc er tai ned th a t am orp hou s b od i e s i ncom m on ,

w i th o th er s s en
,
t forth thi s e th er e al i n flu enc e thou gh a s b efo r e , ,

9
 98 DYNAM IC AGENTS .

s how n, the y g av e for th no lig h t And h e re i t w as m or e fu lly

.

a s ce r ta i ne d , tha t the ether ea l em a n a ti on s f r om d if er ent su b

s ta n er en h i p n
, p if
ces w er e s ec i ca ll
y di f t a s t o t e r e ff e c ts u o t h e

hu m an ner v e , thu s affo r d i ng i n d i ca tio ns of the d i s ti nc tiv e

c ha ra c te rs of the em a n a ti ng s ou r ce s One p ecu li ar i ty O f
.

a m o rp hou s at i s t o sa , u n r y s talliz e d a n n o g n iz
( th y c d u r a
e )d
b od i es w as , th at thei r e x hal a ti ons g a v e a nau s eou s, acc om p a
ni e d by e i ther a col d or w arm , and s om eti m e s al so a p ri ckl y ,
s en sa ti on to p e r s o n s w h os e n er v e s w er e i n a s u ffici e n t ly
,

s en s i tiv e s ta te to t e s t the m ; a n d som e b od i es i m p a r ted th ese

s en sa ti on s in a r e at er d eg r e e tha n o the r s In t h i nv t i
g e . e s

ati onof thi s p oi n t R e i c h en b ach t ook t he tr o u bl e to tr m or e

g , y
t ha n s i x h u n d r e d bo d i e s w i th r e fe r enc e to the i r n a u s e ati n g
“
for c e . The y ou ng l ad y thr ou g h w hose ai d the t e s ts w e r e
m a d e , c ou l d e a sily g iv e to e v e r y su b s tan c e i ts p r op er p l ace i n

the s cal e of for c e , a n d thi s s he c o u l d r ep eat, w i thou t fa il u r e,

“ ”
a fte r i n ter v al s of s e v e r al d a y s .It s oo napp ear e d , s ay s ou r
“
p hil os op he r , tha t the s e b od i e s a r r ange d them s e lv es accor d
in g t o t he i r e l e c tr o che m i c a l v al u e , a n
-
d ,
i n d e e d ,
i n s u c h w i s e

tha t the hi ghly e l ec tr i c s tood a t the t op , an d the i ndi ffe r ently

so at the b o tt o m Of the l wi th ou t
sca e , r e a rd
g to t he i r p ol ar
”
Opp os i ti on .

W henthe sam e su b stance s w er e tri ed onthi s sam e y ou ng

“
l ad y w hil e i na state O f ca tal ep sy the r e su l ts w er e the s a m e
,

i nki nd b u t i nd eg re e m u ch s t r on
, g e r T he su b stanc es a t the
.

t op O f the s cal e l a i d i n her h a n

,
d ca u s ed v i ol ent sp asm s
, ,

w h e r eby t he y w e r e thr o w n a t a d i s tan ce an d her h and then , ,

a s u su al i nc a tal e p s y r e ta i ne d the n
,
e w p osi ti on It w as .

s oon O b s er v e d tha t m a n y su b s tance s b eganto act b efor e th e y

”
t ou che d the han d and i t w as enou gh t o pl ace th e m n
,
ea r i t .

The se e xp eri m ents w ere r ep eated not only w i th other ,

nervo u s p ati ents b u t w i th se v er al g entl e m eni na state Of p e r

,
 EMANATIONS F ROM MEDIC INES . 99

fe et h eal th wi th re su l ts d i ffe r i ng from the abov e no m o r e

,
.

th anw h at m ight e a sily b e a cc ou n te d for by the d i ffe r en t de

g rees of s u sc ep tibili ty i n the e xp e r i m ente r s The d i ffer ent . .

s u b s tan ces tri ed ar e enu m e rated by R ei che nb ach acc ord ing to
the i r s p e cific e ffe c ts b u t i t w ill h e r e b e su ffic i e n
,
t t o say that
su l h r w as fou n d t o b e th e e ner a l r ep r e s enta tiv e O f t h os e
p u
g
w hi ch w i thou t contact g av e the s ensati on O f cold and g old
, , ,

O f th os e whi c h g a v e w a rm th ; an d al m os t e v er y one w h ose

hand w as m ad e to p ass ov er sm all pl ates co ate d r esp e c tiv ely ,

w i th th e se s u b s tan ces fel t i ns o m e d e g r ee the se co r r esp o n

, ,
d ,

in s en satio n s an d s om e fel t th e m q u i te vivi d ly

g ,
.

Wi tho u t any k nowl e dg e Of R e ich enb ach s i nv estig ations ’

,

D r G R B u chanan of C i nci nnati w as e ng age d abo u t the

. . .
, , ,

sa m e t i m e i na s i m il ar c ou r s e O f e xp e r i m e n
,
ts w i th a m o r p hou s
\
b odi es and d e v el op ed r esu l ts s i m il ar i ncha rac ter b u t i ns om e
,
~

r e sp e c ts e v e ns till m or e d e c i s iv e Wi thou t her e ente ri ng i nto

.

the d e ta il s O f hi s e xp er i m ents or i nqu i r i es i t w ill b e su ffi c i ent ,

t o s ta te that they r e s u l te d i n e stabli shi n g the fa ct that ,

m edi ci n es hol d en i n the h and O f the p a ti ent ev en w hen

, ,

wrapp e d u p i np ap er and conce al ed from V i e w s o a s t o g u ard

ag ai n st the effec ts O f i m a gi n a t io n w ill i na l a r g e p r op o r ti onof
, ,

ca s es ha v e all the effe cts tha t the sam e m e d i c i nes w ill hav e
, ,

t a k en i n tern ally O u t O f ab ou t one hu nd r e d and thi r ty

.

m e d i c al s tu d en ts b el on gi ng to a cl ass w hi ch attend ed the

l ectu re s of D r B u chanan fort y thre e d e cl ar e d them selv es
.
,
-

fu lly affe c ted by thi s e xp er i m ent to w hi ch th e y had b eensu b

,

e c te d d u r i ng e liv er y O f on e l e c tu r e
*
j th e d .

S i m il a r phenom ena hav e b een Ob s er v ed a s the r esu lts of

s i m il ar e xp er i m en ts i noth e r i n s tan ce s b u t w e h a v e n o r oo m
,

for fu r th er d e tail s on thi s b r an ch Of ou r su bj e ct Inall su ch .

See B u ch an
“ ans J
’
ou r nal O f M a n for Fb e ru ar y , 1 849, Art: 1 .
1 00 DYNAMIC AGENTS .

case s the acti onO f the m e d i c i nes i s d ou b tl ess d u e to anah

s o rp ti onO f the i r s u b tl e a n d cha r ac ter i s ti c e m anat ions thr o u gh ,

the p or e s of the s ki n w h enc e they a r e d i ffu s e d thr ou gh the

,

ne r v ou s m ed i u m of t he sy stem ac ti ng u p on the vi ta l for ce s ,

w hi ch c on t r ol all the fu n c t i ons of the p hy s i ca l o r an

g i sm .

By exp e r i m ents w hi ch pl aced d e cep tio nou t Of the qu esti on ,

i t w a s fou nd th at thes e e th e r e al i nfl u ence s of d iffe re nt s u b

s ta n ce s cou l d b e con
,
d u c te d thr ou gh wi res to a d i stance of
fr om thr ee to one h u nd r e d and thi r ty tw o fee t s o a s to b e d i s -

t in p e r c e iv e d by the m or e s en s i tiv e of R e i chen b a ch s ex

’
c tl
y
p e ri m e nte rs .

B u t a fa ct s ti ll m i m p ortant i ni ts b ear i ng s w a s th at d i ffer

or e ,

en t b od i e s pl ace d i nc on tac t w i th or i ncl os e p r oxi m i ty to ea ch

, ,

o ther w ou l d m u tu ally i m p art th ei r i nfl u e nc e s to e ach other so

, ,

a s to m od i fy or t ota lly c han g e the e ffe c ts w hi ch t he y w ou l d

o th e r w i s e p r o d u c e u p on s en s i t iv e p a ti e nts In othe r w or d s .
,

an d t o u s e a fi gu r e O f sp e e ch that w ill b e p e r fe c tly u nd er s to o d ,

th e y w ou l d m u tu ally m a g n eti z e or m esm er i ze ea ch o ther

, ,

w ou l d e n ter i n to a s or t O f r ap p or t or r e cip r oca l sy m p a thy by ,

a ni n te r d i ffu s i onof the i r sp he r e s o r e the r e a l e m anati on s Thu s .

i t w as fou nd that su lphu r w hi ch of i ts el f w o u l d i m p ar t a c ol d

,

an d p r i ckli n s ensa ti on t o i m p r ess ibl e p er s o n e n t d i

g s v e a a s ,

t anc e of s e v e r a l fee t a n d w i thou t a c ond u c ti n

, g w i r e w ou l d by , ,

c on ta c t or cl os e p roxi m i ty t o o the r s u b s tanc es e m p ow e r ,

the m for a t i m e to gi v e for th a si m il ar i nfl u enc e e v enthou gh

, , ,

thei r ow n p r op er i n fl u ence s m i ght b e Of anO pp osi te thou g h ,

l e ss p ow e rfu l char a cter ; and so of other su b s tanc es and thei r

, ,

m od i fy i n g i nfl u en ce s u p onothe rs .
*

The gene r al r eli abili ty O f the foregoi n g and o th er all ege d

F or fu rth er d eta i l
s of th ese i nter es ti ng e xp er i m e nts and th ei r r esu l ts, th e r ead er is
referr ed to Re i ch en b ach s
’
Ph y i P h y i l
s c o- s o ogi ca lResear ch es o nth e D ynam i cs Of M ag
neti s m ,
” et
c ; N ew Y k or . J S Redfield
. . .
 C OM PL EX ITY o n THE FORCE . 1 01

r e su l ts as ob tai ne d by R e i ch enbach w ill not b e d i sp u ted by

,

th os e w ho k n ow the c ha r ac te r of the e xp e r i m e n te r or w ho , ,

from a ca r efu l p e r u sal of hi s r ep or t hav e n ,

o te d hi s e x cee d i n ly
g
c au ti ou s m od e of p r oc e e d i n g R e i che nb ach i s k now nthr ou gh
.

o u t Eu r op e a s a c hem i s t s e con d on ly to L i ebi g hi m sel f and , ,

s p e aki n g of thi s s am e cou r s e of i nv e sti gati on Pr ofe s sor ,

“
G r egor y d e cla r e s tha t i t w a s not p oss ibl e for any e xp er i
m en ts or d i scov e r i e s to b e p r e s en te d to the s ci e n tific w or ld by '

on e m o r e en ti tl e d to con fi d ence i nev e fy p oi nt of V i ew ”

Be .

s i d e s thi s hi s m or e i m p or tan
,
t e xp e r i m e n ts h a v e b e e nr ep ea te d

by othe r s and thei r r e su l ts v erifi ed i n m any i nstanc es b oth

, , ,

inthi s c o u ntr y and i nEu r op e

‘

Av a ili ng hi m s el f of the pl a s ti ci ty of the G er m anl angu ag e ,

R e i ch enb ac h d esi gna te s the new for ce (r athe r for ces) w hi c h he

”
d i sc o v e r e d by the G er m an su ffix
,
cd an d i nd i ca tes the
,

s o u r c e s w hen ce thi s for c e i s ob ta i n e d by the i r n am e s p r e fix e d

,

t o that syll a bl e a s
“ m a n e tod
” “
c r y s tall od
” “
t h e r m od
, g , , ,
”
h o to d e t c a s r e sp e c tiv e ly i n d i c a ti n a c on n e cti on of the
p ,
.
, g
for ce w i th m agne ts c r y s tal s he at li ght e tc
, , ,
Inthe Engli s h
,
.

l angu ag e there for e thi s new i m p ond e rabl e has b e en r ath er

, ,
” ”
c l u m s ily d esi n a t d a s the o d i c for c e or od ylic for c e
g e , .

B u t the v ar i ou s p henom ena e x hibi t e d by thi s s o call e d for ce -

s h ow tha t i t i s n ot s i m pl e b u t c om pl e x or r ath e r th at i t i n ,

volv es a nu m b er of d i s ti nct for ces Its r u d i m ental e xi stence

i nthe c l os e d m agn
.

e t a s al s o i nv ar i ou s u n m a n e t i c b od i e s
, g ,

w as n ot on ly i nti m ate d by the l u m i nou s and i ncand e scent ap

ea r an c e of the b od i es of m e tal s b e for e sp ok enof b u t i s a l so
p , ,

i m pli e d as an a nte ce d ent of the l u m i nou s flam e lik e app ear ,

-

an ce w hi ch i t e n en d e r s a t a fu r th e r s tage o f d e v el op m e n t
g
j u st as the e xi s tence of c o m m oncal or i c i s i m pli ed as anante
c ed ent of com m on fl am e The li ght i ts el f i s a second d e vel
.

o m en t n d th th er eal a u r a which w i tho u t an l u m in o u s

p a e e y ,
1 02 D Y N AM I C A G E NTS .

pheno m ena a cts u p onthe h u m anner v e

, ,
is a thi r d . The thr ee ,
”
t h er efor e m ay b e v ar i ou sly char acter iz e d a s od i c hea t
, ,

”
an
”
od i c li gh t an
,
d od i c e l ec tr i c i t y or
,
od i c e ther d h ere
w e h a v e o u r p re vi ou sly con j e ctu re d S e cond a r y Tr i ni ty of
d y na m ic ag ents c o rr e sp ond i n t o the Pr i m a r y Tr i n i ty w hich
, g ,

con s i s t s o f H ea t L i ght and El ectrici ty as these t erm s a r e

, , ,

ord i n ar ily u n d e r s tood .

Inthe s am e w ay i nw hi ch the Pr i m a r y Tr i ni ty of dy na m ic
ag en ts i s con ce rn e d i nthe Pr i m ar y T r i n i ty of e a ch sy stem of
p hy s i ca l d ev el op m ents the S econda r y and cor r esp ond i ng Tr i n
,

i ty (inc om i ecti onwi th the Pr i m a r y w hi ch i s s ti ll an ,

d a lw a y s
i n for ce ) i s c oncerne d i n each s econd a r y and cor r esp ond i n g
Tr i ni ty of d ev el op m e nts w i th th ei r p ec u li ari ti es
,
*
.

”
Thu s the p ri ncip le w hi ch w e hav e call ed O di e H ea t m ay ,

b e cons i d er e d a s the inte r na l l ov e p ri ncipl e by w hi ch p arti cl es

-

a ss o c i ate i n or g an ic fo r m s and therefore i s the f u nda m enta l

,

d y nam i c p r i ncipl e c onne c ted w i th the fou r th law — the la w of

Aggr eg a ti onor Or g a ni za ti on w h e th er r el ati ng to the u niv er se
,

as a w h ol e or to a n of i ts d e fi n i t e ly con st i tu te d p a rts
, y .

”
The od i c li ght app ear s to b e e xp re s s iv e of the e ther eally
a sp i r a ti v e op er a ti on s of the o r g an
~

i c s tr u ctu re fr om whi ch i t
p r oce e d s It w as b efor e m ent i oned that thi s li ght consi ste d
.

of the s e v end i fferen t col or s of the i r i s w hi ch s e em e d to su r

,

r ou n d the c enter of l u m i nos i ty a s s o m any c on centri c sp heres

of li ht ; a n d t h t h n R i h n b h c s e d a m agn e tic b ar
g a w e e c e ac a u

t o r e v ol v e l en g thw i se on horiz ontal and v er tical pl ane s the ,

light e x hibi te d su cc essiv ely all the d iffer ent col ors of the rai n
b o w a s the m agne t w as p oi nte d i n the d i ffe r e nt d ir e cti ons i n
,

r e sp e ct to the ea r th a n d h ea v ens w hi c h lay i nthe p l ane of the

,

It is not claim ed th at th ese d ynam i c p ri nci p les ap p l y id enti cally to each and
ev er y se v enfol d s ystem of d ev elop m en
-
ts, as to som e syste m s they ap p ly on ly b y th eir
 P O LA R I TY ,
A FF IN ITIE S, ET C . 1 03

i l
c rc e . I cannot b u t r egar d th e s e r e su lts a s e x ce e d i ngly i nter
e s ti n an d i m p or ta n t as sho w i n t h e r e l ativ e d e re e s a n d
g , g g
s tat es of ol i t o f p a r ti cu l a r p oi n t s a n d d i ec t i on s of the
p a r y r
‘
e a r th s s u r fa c e an d of the su r rou nd i ng and c el e s ti a l sp a ce s
’
,

thu s a s s u gge s ti n
,
g the d iffe r ent q u a li ties or s ta tes of t he m a

t e ri als of w hi ch the e ar th a n d all c orrel a tiv e c r ea ti ons ar e

com p ose d— thu s a s s u g ge s ti n
,
g the corr el a tiv e affini ti es and
or ces b h i h h s e m a te r i al s b e ca m e a s s oc i a te d i n t he i r
f y w c t e

p re sent s tru c tu r al for m — and fi nally a s s u gge s ti ng s o m ethi ng ,

of the p er p e t u ally r ep ea t e d r ou n d of chan i n i n fl u en ce s a n d

g g
e the r eal for c e s th r o u h w hi ch
g ( i n a n a l ogy to the rev olvi n g
m agn e t the ea r th an a ll c el e s ti a l b od i e s p a ss i np e r fo rm i n g
) d
the i r r otar y an d orb i tu al r e v ol u ti ons .If the r e i s any v ali d i ty
i nt he s e su gge s ti on s th enth e s e d e r e e s of p ol a r i ty s ta tes a n
, g ,
d
a ffi n i ti es of m a tter ch angi ng e the r eal for ce s e tc a ll e x em p li fy
, ,
.
,

the sev enfold ser i es a s c or r e sp on

-
d i ng to the s e v encol or s of the
i r i s w hi ch i n the exp er i m ent r e fe r r e d to w er e su cce ssiv ely
, , ,

g iv en fo r th by the r e v ol v i n m a n
g g et .A n d a pplyi n the s e
, g
r e m a r k s a s an al ogy w ou l d j u s ti fy u s i nd oi n o a ll m u n n
( g) t d a e

o r gan iz ati ons— to the s ol ar s y ste m the si d e r eal sy stem s and

, ,

t o the w hol e u n iv er se a s one B od y— as w ell a s to the e ar th ,

”
w e ha v e i n the od i c lig h t a u n i v e r s al d y nam ic c orr el a tiv e
,

aw — the la w of s eg r eg ti on or the la w b i
o f the
fif th l a
, y w h ch
u n i ty i s d ivi d e d i nto p ar ts of d i ffe r ent and c onnected g ra da
t i on s .

C o n c e r n i n g t h e thi r d m e m b e r of t h i s t ri n i ty o f a
g e nt s — t h e
”
od i c e le c tr oi d o r e the r e a l e m an
, ,
a t i onw hi ch w a s fou n d to
p r odu ce su ch m a r k e d a nd s ingu l ar effe cts on the s ens i ti v e hu .

m ann er v e the foll ow i ng r em ar k s m ay b e su b m i tt e d

,

1 All thi n
. g s su bj e cted to car e fu l e xp e r i m ent w he the r in ,

th e a n i m al v eg etabl e or m i ne ral Ki ngd om s or i n the

, , ,

e ele s ti al sp a c es w e r e fou n d to send for th thi s su b til e em an

,
1 04 D Y N AM I C A G E NTS .

at ion w hi ch i n each cas e m ay b e c all e d the sp her e or

, ,

e th e r eal a t m osph e re of the s u b s tan c e or for m

,
fr om w hi ch i t
p r ocee d s It m ay ther e for e b e p r e su m e d on anal ogi cal
.
,

r ou n d th a t thi n s a l s o n ot a v a il a bl e for e xp er i m e n t an d
g s
g , ,

that i n d e e d ab sol u t ely a ll thi n s fr om a t o m s t o w or l d s a n d

, , g ,

s y s t em s a n d e v e n t he w hole u niv e r s e consi d er e d as a Uni t

, , ,

a r e i n lik e m an ner cha r ac te riz e d by a su r r o u ndi ng and p e r

v adi ng e th er e al sphe r e *
.

2 The em anati n
.
g s ph e r es o f s m all er b od i e s a s s oci a te d w i th

l arge r one s m u st nece s s ar ily b e i nclu ded i n the em anati ng

,

s p he r e s o f the l a r g e r b od i e s onw hi c h the y r e s t or d ep en d .

The sp he r e of a s i ngl e p a r ti cl e of m i ner a l m at ter for e x a m pl e , ,

i s c om p r ehend e d a nd e nc i r cl e d i n the g ene r al sp he r e of the

wh ol e c ry s tal of w hi ch i t for m s a p ar t ; and the sam e r em a r k
appli es to p a rt i c l e s an d or gani sm s i n othe r ki n d om s i n
g
natu r e The sp her e s of all m i ne ral s v e getabl e s ani m al s
.
, , ,

e tc s ep a r at ely an
.
,
d c oll ectiv ely ar e i n v ol v e d a n d c om p r e ,

h end e d i nthe general sp he re of the e ar th ; the spher e of the

e ar th t oge the r w i th the s p her e s of a ll o the r pl an
,
e ts w i th ,

the sa t elli te s a n d com e ts i s i nv olv e d and com p r ehe nd e d i n

,

t he g e n e r al sp h e r e of t h e w hol e s ol a r s y s tem
; t ha t s p h er e i s

co m p r eh end e d i nthe gene ral S p he r e of the gr e at stell a r v orte x

i nw hi ch acc om p ani e d by m y r i ad s of lik e sy s te m s i t m ov e s ;
, ,

an d that s p her e i s c om p r ehend e d i nthe g ene ra l sp he r e of the

w h ol e Un iv e r s e ; and that sph er e i s i nlik e m anner env el op ed , ,

i n a nd p er v ad e d by the gr ea t sp he r e o f the i nfini te D i v i ne

, ,

B ei ng w hi ch i s the Es s ence of all e s senc e s the F or ce of all

, ,

for ce s and the V i taliz e r of all vi tali ti e s " H e r e then i s a

, , ,

Th is d oc tr i ne of
“s h er es ” tau gh t by S nbor g and by oth ers s ince h is
w ed e
p w as ,

d ay . It m ay a m os t l be sa i d th a t i t h as a su fi
f c i ent fou nd ati oni nth e d e v el op ed i ntu
i ti ons of n m ind , and i t w ou l d
th e h u m a sta nd ni nd ep end ent
ev e of B ei ch enb a ch
’
s

m ost conclu s i v e sc i enti c v eri cati ons fi fi .

 D O C TR I N E or S PHERES . 1 05

p r og r e ss iv e g r ad ationfrom the sm a ll est to the g r e atest ,

fr om
the i nfi ni tes im al to the I nfini te from the atom of m atter to ,

the i n c om p re h en s ibl e fu ll n e ss of a D ivi n e S pi i tu al B e i n g

r .

3 The sph eres of all b od i es i nth e u n

. i y e rs e fr om s m all e st ,

to g rea te s t w hil e th e y a r e g en
,
er i ca lly s i m i la r a re sp ecifi ca lly
,

d ifier ent an d the sp her e of each b od y corr esp ond s t o that

'

b od y s i nternal char acter Thi s i s a concl u s i onw hi ch as r e

’
.
,

g ar d ed m erely by the r e asoni ng p ow e rs i s necess i tated by the , ,

obvi ou s d i ffe r en ce s i nthe i ntr i nsi c natu r e of thi ng s and i t i s ,

c on fi rm e d by the d i ffe rences i n the e ffe cts p r od u c ed by the

e the r eal e m an ati on s of m e d i c i n e s an d oth e r su b stanc es and ,

e v enby the he a v e n ly b od i es and by d ifferent d i s tr ic ts of the

,

cel e stial h e m i sp her e w hi ch w e re su bj e cted to tests .

4 As i t w as p r ov e d th at the sp he res of s u lph u r g ol d

.
, ,

m e d ici n e s e tc ,
a cte d an
.
,
d r ea c te d u p on and m u tu a lly m odi ,

fi ed e,
a c h o th e r an d t h i s ,
t oo w h en t h,
e s o
,
li d b o d i e s w e r e a

d i stan c e ap ar t s o c arr yi n g ou t thi s p r i ncipl e i t m ay b e p r e

, ,

s u m e d th a t the sph er e s of a ll b od i es t er r e s tr i a l an d c el esti al

, ,

fr om sm all est to g r e ate s t fr om a tom s t o w orl d s s tell a r s y s

, ,

t e m s an ,
d the w h ol e u niv ers e i n lik e m an ,
ner a ct a nd r ea ct ,

u
p on ,
a n d m o di f y ea ch other , a ccor d i n g to thei r r ela ti v e d eg r ees

o
f m ag n i tu de a n d p ow er A n d t hi
. s m u tu a l i n t e r d i ffu s i on o f
sp h e r e s , an d thei r h ar m on i ou s and r ecip r ocal acti on and r e
a cti onu p one ach o the r w hil e e a ch p a r tic u l ar for m an
, d s y stem
p r eser v es i ts ow ni d enti ty , consti tu te ani m p or tant p ar t of the
si olog i ca l a n un c ti on op er a ti on A n
p h y d.
f a l s o
f th e g r ea t a tom i ca l

S tr u ctu r e of C r ea ti on, and w hi ch , a s b e for e i nti m a te d , co r r e

sp on d s, m p ri nci pl e , to a s i ngl e h u m anb od y The g r eat .

e the r eal S ph er e of a ll sp her e s m a b e c on si d e r e d a s th e

y
sym p a theti c n er v e essen ce of thi s An
-
ato m ic al S tr u c tu re , vi ew e d

a s a w h ol e , w hil e t he sph er e of ea c h s u n ,
worl d, and atom ,
m ay b e con s i d er ed as i ts ow n a r ti cu la r n
p e r v e e s s e n c e ; a-
nd i t‘
 1 06 D Y N A M I C A G E N TS .

i s th r o u gh th e s e ne r v e e ss enc es th at
-
e ac h p ar t of the whol e
B od y y m p athi s es w i th a ll other p a r ts and that the e q
s ,
u ili

b r i u m a nd h a rm oni ou s fu nc ti onal op er a ti ons of the w h ol e sy s

t em a re p r e s e r v e d .

Thi s su b til e and va r i ou sly qu al i fied electroi d or m ag netoi d

e l em en t ther efor e b e i n
,
g the s i x th i nthe se v enfol d se r i e s of
,
-

dy n am ic ag en ts i s i n ti m a te ly alli e d t o the s ix th g en
,
er al law ,

w hich w e ha v e s e en i s a law of h a rm o n i a l an d sy m p ath e tic

r ec ip r o ca t i on .

It i s tr u e th at the d i sc ov er er of th es e p r evio u sly u n k nown

su b til e ag en c i es d i d n ot e xhi bi t an d p erh ap s d i d not to
, ,

an e x t e n t p e r ce iv e th ei r cosm olo i ca l b ea r i n g s e sp eci ally

y , g ,

as the se a re a tte m p ted t o b e s e t for th i nthe for e oi n g re

g
m a rk s . Hi s m a in obj ec t app ear s t o h av e b een to d e v e l op
ac ts l e a vi n g h m o r e com p r ehe n s iv e con c lu s i on w i ch
f ,
t e s t o h
th e se m i ght n a tu r ally c on du c e to b e u nfol d e d by su b s e qu ent
,

i nv esti ga ti ons and by others a s w ell a s by hi m sel f ; and as

,

hi s fa c ts by th e i r p u bli cati on and th e i r v e r ifi cati on by the

, ,

p ar all el e xp er i m ents of o the rs h av e b e co m e the p r op er ty of

,

t he w o rl d a n y
,
o ne m a
y e l ab o r a te a n d sy n th e tiz e the m w ho

has the i nclinati onand m ental qu alifi ca ti ons to d o s o .

”
Inr esp e c t to thi s od i c or m agn ,
e toi d e l e m en t w hi ch p er ,

v ad e s and e m anates fr om g r eate st and sm all e s t thi ng s the ,

follow i n a d d i ti on al a n d i m p or ta n t r em a r k s m a b e su b
g y
m i tte d : AS thi s in fl u ence p r o ce edi ng from variou s bo d i es
, ,

near and r em ote w as fou nd to h av e su ch r em ar k abl e e ffe cts

,

u p on the s en s i tiv e h u m an n er v e i t m ay b e co n ,
si d er e d as

b ei ng cl osely al li ed i n i ts g ene ral natu re to the ner vo u s i n

, ,

flu ence p er v ad i ng the hu man bo d y and e m anati n , g f r om i t a s

“
an o d i c
”
s ph e r e Ind e e d R e i chenb ach actu ally p r ov ed i ts
.
,

i d enti ty i nthe g ener al sense wi th the m ed i u m thr ou gh w hich

, ,

on e h u m an b e in p o d u ce s tho se effe c ts u pon an o th er com

c
g r ,
 MODE O F DIVINE ACTIO N . 1 07

m ou ly k now na s m agne ti c or m esm eri c ; and the w o rl d

i s i nd eb ted to that p hil osoph er for phy s ical d em onstrati ons i n
thi s d ep a r tm en t w hi c h pl ace the fu n
,
d am e n ta l doc tri n e s of

Ani m al M agne ti s m b ey ond all p oss ibl e d ou b t

’
.

N ow op er atio n s ca ll e d
“ m ag n eti c
”
a s p er form e d by on e
, ,

h u m anb ei ng u p on anoth e r ar e know nto d ep end g rea tly for

, ,

th e i r c h a r a c ter a nd effici ency u p on the e x e r ci s e of the w i ll

,
.

If ther efore the m e d i u m th r ou gh w hi c h su ch m agne ti c op er

, ,
”
a ti on s a re p er for m e d i s g en er ica lly the s am e w i th the
,
od i c

sp her e s giv enfor th by all b od i es i nn atu r e d o w e n ot fin d in

k
,
”
t hi s o d ic el em ent the g ener a l connec ti ng li n betw eenm i nd
an d m a tter " If u p on the b a si s O f thi s c er tai nly p l a u sibl e
,
”
i d ea w e sh ou l d s u gge st tha t thi s e v e ry w h e r e p r e sent od i c
,

e l em e n t a s a ssoci a te d w i th the d iffe r e n

,
t b od i e s i nn a tu re a n d ,

wi th natu r e as a Wh ol e m ay h ereafte r p rov e to b e a m ed i u m

,

th r o u gh w hich m i n d can i nc er tai ncon ,

di tions an d to a c er tai n ,

e x ten t a ct u p onan
,
d m ov e ou ter tangibl e m a tter wi thou t the ,

c on tact of the p hy sica l O r g an s th e su gg e s ti onw ou l d d o u b tl ess

,

b e m et w i th genera l incr e d u li ty e sp eci ally by th ose w ho a re ,

not fam ili ar w i th c er tai n s trang e p h eno m ena of ou r d ay It .

co u l d not b e es teem e d m o r e i ncr ed ibl e ho w e v er th anw ou l d , ,

hav e b een an asse rti on m ad e fi fty y ears ago that by a

/
,

p e cu li ar m echani cal c ontri vance a c er tai n s u b til e agent i n ,

natu r e m i ght b e e fli c i ently e m pl oy e d i n the accu r a te and

i nstantane o u s transm 1 ssron of th ou ght to the d i s tance of a
thou san d m il es " B u t not to p r e ss th es e thou gh ts for the
p r esent i f ou r for egoi ng g eneraliz ati ons a re co rr ect th en w e
, ,

h azard li ttl e i n s ayi ng that as the all p ervad ing o d i c

,
” -

sp he r e of the u n iv e r s e as a w h ol e i ni ts u l ti m ate d egr e e c on

, , ,

ne cts w i th the sph e r e of the D e i ty so the D ei ty thr ou g h thi s , ,

m ed i u m ,
a cts u
pon th e u ni v er se, i n the sa m e w a y a s a ny tw o

j u x ta
p osed su bsta nces or
f or m s i n na tu r e act u p o n each other
1 08 D Y N A M I C AG E N TS .

thr ou g h thei r od i c sp her es, ill u str ated by ex

a nd a s w as

ri m e n t s b e for e r el a te d A n d a s the D e i ty m or eov er i s a

p e .
, ,

p e r so n a l a nd i n te llig en t B e i n g h e m a
y th r o,
u
g h t hi s m e d i u m

a ct n
,
ot on ly sp onta neou s ly b u t v oli ti ona lly and d i r ectly u p on
, ,

the u n iv er s e or u p one i the r of i ts cor r e sp ond ing su b c r e ati ons

,
-

an d c o ntr ol i t to a n e x t en t w h i ch m a co m p or t w i th the
y y
i ntegr i ty of hi s g ener al pl an .

B u t w e com e now to an othe r p oi n t : As each p r e vio u s s tage

O f c r eatio n w i th i ts p e cu l i ar law of d e v el op m e n
,
ts fr om the ,

fi r st to the six th w as thu s accom p ani ed w i th or r el at e d to a

, , ,
.

co rr esp ond i ng dy nam ic ag ent the s am e fa ct m ay b e su pp ose d,

t o h ol d w i th r efer en c e t o the s ev en th s tage w hi ch i nt he c os , ,

m i ca l c re a ti on a s b efor e show n c on
,
s i st e d i n the d e v el op m e n
,
t

O f ha bi ta ble w or lds And a s thi s i s the fina l d e v el op m ent of

.

the s e v enfol d c osm ica l s e r i e s— a n

-
d b ri n g s the p hy si ca l s t ru e

t u re of the u n iv er se a s su ch to a com pl e teness — so w e m ay

,

s u p p os e tha t the d n a m i c i n i le r e l a t e d t o t h i s d e v e l op
y p r c p
m en t i s al s o the u l ti m a te an
,
d c o m pl e ti onof i ts s e r i es And .

b e i ng the l as t of a s e r i es i nw hi ch the r e i s O b s e r v e d a p r ogre s

s iv e r e fi n em en t from the fi r st a t l e a st t o the s ixth i t m ay b e
, ,

su pp os e d t o u n i te i ni ts el f the p ri ncipl es of all the oth er s i na

s till su p e r i or d eg r e e of r efi n em e n t .

B u t w e ha v e s e en th at the s er i e s of u n iv er sal co sm i cal d e

v elop m en ts i n cl u d ed inw ha t w e ha ve call e d the g reat Ki ng
d om O f M a ter i ali ty m u st h av e b e en b a se d u p on and h a v e
, ,

sp ru n g from anantece d ent u nor i gi nate d and i nfini te Ki ng d om

, ”
, ,

O f S pi r i tu ali ty w hi c h w e c all G O D
,
If thi s sa m e P r i ncipl e
.
,

lik e the vi tal e l em ents of the germ of a tr ee li es at the b a si s , ,

an d i s r ep r od u c e d a t the c om pl eti on of the u n fol d i ng th en

, ,

thi s se v e n th d y n a m i c p ri n cipl e c on c er n i ng w hi ch w e ar e now

,

i nqu i r i ng can b e nothing l ess than a d eg r ee of the sev enf old

,

e le m e nts of the or ig i na lly n

g e er a ti v e D i v i ne Sp i r i t, now em
 D Iv IN E EMBOD IMENT . 1 09

bodi ed i n cosm i ca l i nv es ti tu r e . V i e w e d i n thi s li gh t ,

t hi s
se v enth dy nam i c p ri ncipl e m ay b e call ed S ou l or Vi ta li ty — the
S ou l o r vi tal Pr i ncipl e of the c sm i cal u niv e r s e p r the P r inc i
o
,

p l e b
.

y w hi c h i t a s a u n ,
iv e r s e li v es an d p e r for i n
,
s all i ts n or m a l
m o v e m en ts

L e t m e not h ow e v er b e u nd e rs tood as i nti m a ti n g tha t the

‘

, ,

a ll of G od w a s thu s e m b od i e d i nthe u n iv ersal co sm i cal stru c

t u re . N e i ther the u niv e r s e of m ate ri al w o r l d s nor of heav ens , ,

nor the h e av enof h ea v ens cancon tai nHI M w ho i s ab sol u tely

,

INFINI T E and i t m u st hav e b e en com p a r a ti v ely sp eaki ng an

, , ,

e x c e ed i n gly sm all ray fr om hi s i nte r i or and i neffabl e effu l genc e

th at su ffi c ed to giv e bi r th to a n d m ov e and r egu l a te the m a
, ,

t er i al s tru c tu r e w hi ch w e h a v e b e en c on t e m pl a ti ng h o w e ver ,

su bli m e an d i nconce iv abl e to h u m an i nt elle ct thi s m ay b e

'

k
.

N or w as the D ivi ne em b od i m ent O f w hi ch w e sp e a f ne ces

sari ly ane m b od i m en t w hi ch i ni ts i m m e d i at e e x te r i or m an
,
i
fe sta ti on w ou l d tak e the form of w hat i s g enerally u nd er s too d
,

by i ntellig ence ; thou gh i ntelli genc e a s ana ttr ib u te of a m u ch ,

highe r and m or e i nte r i or d egr ee of the D ivi ne S pi r i tu al C on

s t i tu ti on w as t he p r oj e cti n
,
g pl anni ng and (acti ng thr ou gh the
, ,

sp he r e s or q u a si n er v e e ss en
”
u l ti m ately r e fi n ed od ic c es o f -

n
,

hi s c r ea ti ons: b e for e s p ok e nof ) i s the c o s tan tly s u p e r vi si ng

an d all r eg u l a ti ng P r i nci pl e The D i v i ne qu ali ti e s a s i ntelli
.

en c e w e r e su b s e qu en t ly an d a t a m u c h hi ghe r d eg r e e O f
g ,

cr ea ti v e p r ogr e s s i on fi n i tely e xp r essed i n the hu m a n m i cr o

,
“ ”
cosm w hi ch i s exp r e ssly d ecl ar e d t o b e an i m ag e Of G od
,
.

It i s h ow e v er h er e su b m i tte d a s a tr u th w hich i t i s b e
, , ,

li ev e d w ill b ecom e m o r e e vi d ent i np r op or ti onas i ts fou nd a

,

ti on an d b e ar i n s ar e b e tter u n d e sto od
r — th a t the i d enti ca l
g . ,

r in cip les O f w h at w e k n ow as i n tellig en ce a re e m bo d i e d

p ,

h ou gh n ot a s i n ellig en c e i n each ki n g d of sy stem O f

( t )
‘

t om

cr eationbelow m an and finally in the u niv ersal k ingd om of

,

10
110 DYN A M I C A G EN TS .

c o sm ical form s h e s e v ar i ou s d esc end i ng em bo dim ents b ear

t
in t a ch o the r the r el a ti on s Of d e s c en d i n o c ta v e s T h u s
g o e g .

w ha t i s call e d i n tellig en ce i nm an i s call e d i n

,
s ti n ct i nan i m als .

Bu t p la nts al so h a v e a ki nd O f i ns ti nct ; and s o i nlo w er d eg re es

; ,

h av e m ine ral s w o r l d s— the w h ol e u niv er sal Sy stem of w orl d s

,

—e ach e m b odyi ng and r ep r e s enti ng a lo w e r d eg r e e of w h at

m ay r e c e iv e the g en er al d e si n
g a t i on O f L ov e W i s d om
,
a nd
"

V oliti on ; or Exp an si on Att rac ti on a n

, ,
d C i r c u l a ti on; the low e st
tr i u n e d e g r ee of w hi ch i s e m b r a c ed i n the fu n cti ons Of H eat ,

L i gh t and El e c tr i ci ty
,
.

The s ev e nth d ynam ic p r i ncipl e of the u n iv erse th er efore , ,

whi ch p er vad e s and gov erns all oth er p r i ncipl e s i s only an ,

e m b od i m e n t of that d eg r e e or o ctav e O f t he p r i n cipl e s of the

D ivi ne sou l w hi ch i s i n i m m ed i ate r el ationwi th and ser ves ,

t o c on tr ol the fu n cti onal op erati ons of the u niv ersal co sm i cal

,

B o d y ; w hil e the hig her d eg r e es O f the s e v enfol d D ivi ne har -

m on i es flow i ng d ow nw ard fr o m the i nfi ni te sou r ces of D ivi n

,

i ty a r e l eft to b e em bo d i e d an
,
d r e p r e s en te d i nsu b se qu en t an d
m o r e r efi n e d c r eat i on s o r r e m ai na t i n
,
fini te r em ov es abov e
the sph e r e O f all t e r r e str i a l an d c el esti al form s .

O f t he d oct ri ne i ntend e d to b e conv ey ed i nth ese r em ar k s ,

a m o r e d i s ti n c t an d en l arged u nd erstand i ng w ill b e O b tained

a s w e p r o cee d .

B u t p r e su m i n
,
g t hat the r ead er al r ead y su fli ci ently com p r e
h end s the fu ndam ental p r incipl es h ereins e t for th he i s d esi r ed ,

to b ear c o n s tan tly i nm i n d that the d y nam ic p r i ncipl e s of the

,

co sm ical c r eation w er e not d ev elop ed by the cr e ati on i ts el f;

,

b u t d ev elop ed i t and the sam e m ay b e s ai d of the V i talizing

an d m ovi ng el em ents of a ll d eg r ee s of m ate r i al u nfol d i n g .

The d y nam ic p r i nc ipl e s (con sti tu ti n g i nd e ed what m ay inthe

, , ,

agg r eg ate b e call e d t he g en er a l S ou l a r e t h u s t he i m m e d i ate

, )
C au se of the o u ter d ev elo p m en t ( or B o d y ) which i s the Effect
, .
 L Aw s . N ATU RE . GOD . 1 11

And h er e i t m ay h e r e m ark e d th at i f th er e i s a ny r el ati onb e

,

tw e en C au s e an d Effe c t i t m u s t not only b e a r el ati onof

,

g e n er a ls ,
b u t of p a r ti c u la r s
; a nd th u s th e C a u s e m u s t b e a

p r eci se ar ch ety p e of w hi ch the Effect i s an anti fyp e or em

bo d i ed r ep r es entativ e ; and h ence the tw o m u st th rou gh ou t, ,

p r eci sely co r r espond to each oth er Ev er y deg r ee O f cr eatio n,

.

t h er efo r e, m ay b e c on s i d er e d as a p r ec i se ou te r e x p r e s si onof

the co rr esp on di ng d eg r ee of D ivi ne L ov e Wi sd om , an ,

d
Ene r gy which vi taliz e s and gov erns i t, and i nwhich i t w as
p revio u sly contai ned a s anar chetyp e .

M or e ov er , th ese i nteri or D ivi ne d ynam ic p r incipl es, t og eth er

wi th th ei r p r escr ib e d m odes O f a cti on c onsti tu te the Op erativ e
,

la w s of n atu r e . Acc or d i ng to thi s vi ew , whil e th er e i s a la w

for e v er y cl ass of n atu r al an d e v e n spi r i tu al ph enom ena , and
all t hi n gs m ay b e e xpl ai ned w i thou t a r e so r t to contr a natu ral -

or con tr a l e gal ag en
-
ci e s l aw s, onthe o ther hand , ar e not those
,

li fel es s u ni ntell ec tu al fatali ti es w hi ch th ey are r ep resented to

,

b e i np r e v al ent p hil o sop hi es of the d ay , b u t th ey a r e the e x

p r e ss m o d es of p erp etu al D i v i ne v oli ti on Inl ooki ng ther e .
,

for e u p onthi s u niv er se w i th all i t c onta i ns , a s la w g ov erned ,

, ,
-

w e m ay a t the sam e ti m e loo k u poni t a s God gov e r n

, ,
ed-
Bu t .

ont hi s poi n t, m or e i ni ts p r op er pl a c e .

If thi s vi ew i s corr ec t, thenth er e i s i nr eali ty n ,

o ne cessar y
,

an t ago n i sm b e tw een m ater i ali ty and spi ri tu ali ty , natu re and

h eav en, r eason and r ev el ation, s ci ence and theology , b u t e ac h
m a b e r e g ar d e d w h e nco rre ctly u n d er s t o od , as the e x p o n en t
y ,

Of the o th er .
Qu i te d i s ti nct, ho w e v er, i s thi s vi ew fr o m t hat
g r o s s sp ecu l a ti onw hi ch m ak es O f G od no thi ng m o r e thanthe
u l ti m ately su bli m a te d an d s el f m oving e ssences of the natu r al
-

un i v e r se— a ki nd Of u niv er sal hy p er galvanic b atter y w hi ch,

-

by i ts p erp e tu al and s el f generati ng action, p r o d u ces sol ar and

-

pl anetary re vol u ti on, t err estri al ch ang es, and tho se m ov em ents
112 D Y N A M I C A G E NTS .

i nthe re fine d nc e s of
e sse the hu m anb rai n w
Thou g hts . Inou r
phil os ophy G od i s
,
G od , a n
tu re— the tw o b e ing e ternally d i sti nct ,
th o u gh i
nected and co r el ated wi th e ach oth er
-
.
 C H A P TE R IX .

DEFE CTS OF P R E VA I L I N G C O S M O L O G I C AL T HE OR I E S .

IF the for e go i ng th e o r y Of the or igi n ,

s tr u ctu r e , d y nam ic
a ge nts and l a w s of the u niv er s e has any fou nd ati oni ntru th
, , , ,

i t can sca r c ely fa il to thr ow i m p or tant li ght u po n s om e s t ill

u l te r i or q u e s ti ons r e l a ti n g to the p r e s crib e d d i stances m oti ons , ,

r ecip r oca l a tt r a c ti on s e tc ,
O f pl a n
.
,
e ta r y a nd s i d e r eal c r ea ti ons .

It m ay e v enshow that s om e t i m e honor e d the o r i e s u p onthese

-

s u bj e c ts how e v e r s a n
,
c ti on e d by the a u thor i ty O f g r e a t n a m es ,

a re i nc er tai n p ar ti cu l a r s r a d i cally d e fec t i v e ; an

, ,
d thi s i t w ill
d o i f at a ll b y t r ansc end i n
, , g t h em i n t he e as e na t u r al ne ss
, ,

an d c om pl etene s s w i th w hi c h i t a ccou nts for c er tai n e xi sti ng

p henom ena .

It w a s su ppo s ed by S ir I saac N ew to n, th at o tator y and

all r

o rb i tu al m d ti onof the hea v en

‘
lyb od i e s , O r i g i nate d fr o m a p r i
m ar y a n d ex ter na l i m p u lse r e c e iv e d fr om the hand of the C r e a
t or a s th e y w e r e l au n
,
ch e d i nto sp ace To thi s w as a dd e d the.

phil os ophical axi om that any b od y p u t i nm oti oni na v a cu u m

, ,

will c onti nu e for e v e r t o m ov e i n a s trai ght line u nl e ss d e

'

flec te d fr o m i ts c ou rs e by s om e othe r for ce This d e fl ec ti ng .

for ce a s a ppli e d to the m ot i ons of the pl an

,
e ts N e w tonfou n d ,

i n the la w of g r a v i ta ti on w hi ch w a s by hi m p rov e d to ap ply

,

t o all pl ane t ar y b od i e s By the p r e ci s ely cou nte rb al ancing

.

a c ti ono f the s e t w o fo r c e s call e d the c en

,
tr i fu ga l a nd centr ip e tal
fo r c e s the m otio ns of the pl anets w er e su p p os ed to b e r eg u
,

l a ted i nc i rcu l ar or ellip ti cal o rbi ts r ou nd the su n the sp ecific ,

1 14 DEF E C TS OF P REVA IL I NG

d i stance s of th e se b ei ng g r eater or l e ss a ccor d i ng to the near

ne ss or r em otene ss of the poi nt w h e r e th e s e t w o for ce s w er e
e x ac tly b a l a n ce d a a i n s t e ac h o ther
g .

B u t N e w ton s oon fou nd thi s th eor y s eem i n g ly ,

p e r fe ct i n

o the r r e sp e c ts e n ,
cu m b e r e d w i th d i ffi cu l ti e s i n r e sp ect t o the

s ta bi li ty o f t he sy s te m . He fou nd tha t t he d i ffer e nt pl anets

w e re n ot on ly a ttr acte d by the su n b u t m u tu ally a t tra cted by
,

e a c h o the r . T he se d i ffer ent a ttr ac ti ons v aryi ng i ni ntensi ty i n

,

the i n v e r s e r ati o of the s qu ar es of d i stance s accor d i ng to a ,

law d i sc ov er ed by K epl e r w e re acc om p ani e d by p er tu r ba ti on

,
s ,

p r od u ci ng i rr eg u lar i ti es i n orb i tu al m oti ons w hi c h w er e su b

s ecu l ar i n T sy s te m u s l e ft t o i ts ow ni n
j e c t t o c r e as e . h e th , ,

tern al p r ovi si ons s e e m e d to p r oph esy i ts ow n p r ogre ssiv e

,

d er ang e m ent a nd i ts u l ti m ate e nti r e d i sor ganiz at i on; a n

,
d
N e w tonfe l t i m p ell e d to ca ll u p onG od to a v er t su c h a c atas
t r op he by s u pplyi n
, g a for c e from w i thou t w hi ch he s u pp os ed
,

d i d not e xi s t w i thi n the sy s tem

,
.

The c al c u l a ti ons O f s u b se qu ent m ath em a ti c i ans h ow ev e r , ,

s e r v e d i na ood d e r e e t o d i sp e l the se gl oom y for eb od i n g

, g g , s
,

an d le d to the conc l u si onth a t the i r r egu l a r i ti es and app ar en t

i ncipi ent d e range m ents i n the m oti ons of the sys tem w o u l d ,

fi nally r each thei r m a xi m u m a fte r w hi ch the r e w ou l d b e a

, .

r a d u al r e tu r nto the con d i ti onO f p r i m e v a l e q u ilib r i u m ; t h at

g
t hen ce the r e w o u l d b e a p r og r ess iv e t e n d en c y to i rr eg u l ar i ty

i nthe op p osi te d i re c ti on t o b e su ccee d e d by anoth e r r eac ti on;

,

an d tha t the p erp e tu al vib ra ti ons of the se i rr eg u l ari ti e s lik e ,

the os c ill ati on s o f a m i h ty p e n

g d u lu m w o u l d s e r v e to m a r k
,

t he hou rs a n d m om ent s O f e ter n i ty "

Thi s concep ti on of the l aw s i nte rnal ar rangem ents a nd , ,

m ov e m e n t s of the sy st em toge the r w i th the app a r e n

,
t m a the
,

m a ti cal e vi d en ces w hich h ave b een arr ay ed i n i ts s u pp or t ,

c an n ot o th erwi se th an b e r eg ar d e d a s on e of the g r ea te s t
 COSMOLOGICAL T HEORIES . 115

tr i u m ph s of hu m an g eniu s Ye t e v en w hil e ov er w h el m ed
.
,

w i th a s en s e of i ts su bli m i ty on
,
e c ann o t w e ll su pp r e ss a s en se

of s a d n e ss a s he con te m pl a te s i ts c ol d m e chan ,
i cal li fe le s s ness
o

— I ha d a l m ost sa i d G odl es sne s s " C onte m pl ate d i nthi s li ht

g ,

the u n iver se ap p ears s om ew ha t anal ogou s to ani nge ni ou sly

c on str u c te d m ac hi n e whi ch i s w ou nd u p and l eft to go of
, ,

i ts el f w hil e i ts m ak er w i thhold s all fu rthe r e x e r ci se of p ow e r

,

fr om i t a nd for e v er w i thd r aw s all i m m e d i a te p e r sona l ca r e

,

o v er i t a s b ei n
, g u nn e c e ssa r y . W i th t hi s p hil os ophy i m p r e s s e d

u po nou r m i n d s w e lo ok u p i nto the hea v ens an

,
d thou gh w e
, ,

b ehol d i nce s sant m o ti on and activi ty i n e v er y d i r e cti on w e ,

s ee n o n ece ssar y e vi d en ce of i m m an en t li fe or sp i r i t— n othi n g

wi th w hich ou r sou l s cansy m p athiz e a s the p r esent p er v ad i ng
Ani m u s and constantly i m p elli ng C au s e of the p he nom ena w e
b ehol d ; and i t i s o nly by an al m o st p ai nfu l str etch OL the
p o w er s of i nd u ctiv e r eas o ni ng th at w e canattainto any su b
,
“

s tan ti al c o nvi cti onof a spi r i tu al or vol u ntative C au s e as havi ng ,

b eenconnecte d wi th the sy s tem e v enat i ts or ig i n"

It m ay b e a d d ed th at tho u sand s of p er s ons on ar r ivi n
, ,
g at
a fu ll c om p r eh e n si ona n d c on vi ctio nof the t ru th of the N e w to
ni anth eor y of a m er ely m e chani cal u niv erse and of v a cu i ty ,

i nthe i nter pl an e tar y an d in te rstell ar sp a ce s hav e an

,
xi ou sly
“
i nqu i r ed Wh er e and w hat th en i s that sp i r i tu a l w or ld to
, , ,

which ou r i nter ior natu r es a spi r e and for w hi ch R ev el a ti on

,
”
en cou rag es u s to h op e 2 and natu r e vi ew e d i n thi s asp ect
, ,

has not o n ly r efu sed to r esp ond i nl ang u ag e which app eal s to
the co n cep tive and r easoni ng p ow ers b u t has i nte rp os ed a
,

c lo u d of d ar k n ess an d d o u b t b e tw e enthe i nqu i rer and the su b

j cet w hich he s e ek s to com p re h end " Ini ts e ffor ts to sati sfy
the i r r ep r es s ibl e y ea rn i ng s Of the sp i ri t wi thi n F ancy has ,

e re cte d a for m l e s s u n e x te n d ed u n
,
s u s n t —
b ta i al e v enu na er ial
,

-
figm en t that b ears n
,
o rel ationto sp ace or the m ater i al u n i
116 DEFECTS OF PREVAILING

ve rs e or to any Of the rational facu l ti es of the s ou l ; and in

,

thi s m an ki nd hav e b eentol d to h av e fa i th a s the pl a ce or state ,

O f fu tu re hu m and e s ti n a ti on" B u t a r a ti on a l fa i th i nsu c h an

u tte r i n c once i v abili ty i s ou t of the qu esti on and an ex tr a ,

r a t i on a l an d m e r e d og m atic fa i th in su ch a n i d ea cannot , ,

en e r ally if e v er b e k e p t fr e e fr om p ti ti n nd h n
g , ,
s u e r s o a e c e , ,

fr om a g r eat er or l e ss d eg r e e of m en ta l d egr ada ti OIT a n d

sl a v er y . H ence i n cas e of fu ll a d op tion of the N e w toni an
,

s y s te m of co s m ogon y a d ete rm inati onto foll ow only the con

,

v i c ti on s o f r eas on w ill n e c e ss ar ily t en d to s k ep ti c i sm w i th

r e fe r en c e to sp i r i tu a l an d t o s om e e x tent e v enw i th r efe r ence
,

to D i v i n e thi n s ; a n d th e re i s n o l a te n t for c e i nthe theor y

g
w hi ch by a n d e v e l op m en can e v e r c orr e c t thi s m e n tal a h
t
, y ,

e r r a ti on . In the s pi r i t and t end ency of thi s m er ely m e

cha n i ca l m od e of p hil osophizi ng u p on the u niv e r s e m ay I , ,

a pp r e he n d b e fou nd the m ai nc a u se of the gr o w i n

, g m at eri ali s m

an d s k ep ti ci s m O f thes e m o d er nd ay s e sp e ci ally a m on ,
g m i nds
c all ed sc i en tific .

S u bj ec te d to the te st of r ati onali ty h ow e v er the N e w toni an , ,

i n a t l e a st one of i ts fea tu r e s s ee m s t o b e al m os t a s
‘
sy s te m , ,

b ad Off a s the only s pi r i tu al and t heologi cal theor i es tha t can

b e r a ti onally a s soci a te d w i th i t It p r e d i ca te s m u tu al gr av i ta
.

t i onO f an t w o d i s tan t b od i e s w hil e i t fa il s to r e c og n iz e if it

y , ,

d oe s not by i m pli ca ti on e n
,
ti r ely p r e cl u d e the i d e a of an
, y ,

i nter veni ng g ravi tati ng agent B u t th at any tw o b od i e s can

.

i n an w a a ct u p on e ach othe r e i ther w i th ou t i m m e d i a te

y y ,

c ontact or the i nter venti on O f som e s u b s tanti al m ed i u m by

,
.

w hi c h t he y cant ou ch e ac h o the r i s u t te r ly i n ,
c on ce i v abl e an d ,

ca nn o m o r e b e su p o s e d t hana n e ffe c t ca nb e s u pp os e d t o b e
.
p y
d i s c on nec te d w i th an a d e qu a te c au s e W e d o not h ow e v e r .
, ,

cha rge the th eor y w i th a bsolu tely an d necessa r i ly p r e cl u d i ng

s u ch a m e d i u m b u t by m an i fe stin g a t i ts v er y s tar tin g p oi n t
; , ,
 COSMOLOGICAL T H E O RI ES . 1 17

su c h ng i ncli nati onto the i d ea of ab s ol u te v a cu i ty i nthe

a s tr o

i nte rpl ane tar y sp ace s i t not only fail s to p r ovi d e su ch a m e

,

d i u m , b u t, i ne ffe c t d i sc ou nten
,
ance s the i d e a tha t s u ch e xi s t s .

In t he the or y w hi ch w e hav e m ai ntai ne d i n the p re c e d i ng

p age s h ow ev er , the m ed i u m i n qu estio n i s ab u nd antly p r O
,

v id ed .

M or eove r ,
they stem as conceiv e d by N e w toncannot after
s ,

all b e c on
,
tem pl at e d w i thou t s om e d eg r ee of app rehe n s i oni n

r eg a r d to i ts safety F or notw i thstand i ng the figu ri ngs of su b

.
,

s e qu e n t m a th em ati c i an s r e sp e c t i ng the r ea cti onw hi ch tend s to

r e st o r e l o s t e qu ilib r i u m i f w e d o aw a y w i th the i m m e d i ate
,

i m m anence of D ivi ne V i tali ty— i n oth e r w o rd s wi th the i m ,

m e d i a te p r es en c e an d ag ency of th at d eg r ee of the D ivi ne Es

s en ce an d P ow er of w hi ch the u niv e rs e for m s a su i tabl e
h abi tati on and w hi ch i s nece ssary to the li fe and fu ncticfi rl
,

op e r a ti on s of the l a tte r a s of on e B od y— thenthe r e a r e m an y

chan ce s aga i n s t the e xi ste n ce of ana bsolu te eq u i libr i u m Inthe

d iffe r ent p a r ts an d for c e s of the g rea t W hol e : and i f the r e i s

e v e r a d i s tu r b an ce O f the e qu ilib r i u m to an e x ten t w hi ch c an

not b e enti r ely r e stor e d by a c ou nter os cill ati on e v enthou gh ,

thi s b e on ly the fra c tio nof the w ei gh t of a pl anet or e v e nthe ,

/
am ou n t Of a s i n gl e p ou nd the d i stu rb ance w ill p rogre s siv ely
,

a gr av a t e
g ,
a nd a u n iv e rs al c atas tr op he w ill b e the fi n a l a nd
i ne vi tabl e r es u l t "
If ther e for e the s tabili ty of the u niv e rs e d ep end s m er ely
, ,

u p onthe n i ce cou nte rp oi s e Of the c entri fu gal and c entrip e tal

force s a s i nd ep end ent of thi s constant D ivi ne F o r c e and of
, ,

an e la s ti a c ti v e an d ea c ti v e m e d i u m t o k e ep t he v ar i ou s
y c , ,
r

c e l e s ti al b od i es w i thi np resc rib e d b ou n d ar i es the nhu m anr ea

,

s on c an n ot w i thhol d the s u spi ci on o f d a n g er a s i t con t em

p l ate s the s tu p end ou s M achi ne O r su pp r e ss the app r ehensi on
,

that i t m ay on e d ay fly to pi e ce s an ,
d in volv e u s all in the
118 N O V A C U ITY I N S P A C E .

co m m onwr eck " Thi s ap p r eh ensi on gr eatly i ncreas es wh en ,

i t i s cons i d er e d that N e w tons hyp o the s i s of a b sol u te v a cu i ty

’

i n the s p a c e s th r ou gh w hi ch the c el es ti al b od i e s m ov e— an
hypo the si s u p on w hi ch accor d i ng t o hi m the e qu ilib ri u m
, ,

b e tw e en the centr ifii gal and c entri p etal for ces ne ce ssar ily
d ep e n d s— has p r ov e d u nfou nd e d an d th at the ph en
,
om en a Of

r e ta r d a ti onO f c om e ts i nthe i r or bi ts has p r ov ed th a t the i n

,

te rp lan e ta r y sp a ce s a r e p er v a d e d by a n a tte n u at ed fl u i d or

e th e r cap abl e of e x e r ti n som e r e s i s ta nc e t o t h e ir p r ogr ess

, g .

It i s h er e su b m i tted w i th all d u e d efe r ence to the s u p e r ior

,

i ntellig ence O f m any w ho h av e ne v er enter tai ned a d ou b t of

'

th e e n ti r e t ru thfu l ne s s of N e w to ns the o r y th a t tha t t h e or y

’
, ,

a t l ea s t w i t h ou t e ss en ti a l m od ifi c a tio n s w ou l d p r ob ably n
,
e v er

h av e b eenp rop ou nd e d by N ew ton or ad op te d by other s had

, ,

the the o r y O f the neb u l ar o ri ginO f the u n iv ers e w i th i ts aec om

,

p anyi ng e vi d enc e s and natu ral c oroll ar i es b e en p r evi ou sly

, ,

s u bj e ct ed t o fa m ili a r con tem pl a ti on .

W e now p r oc ee d to b r i efly u nfol d a th eo ry r e sp ecti ng the

foregoi n su bj ec ts w hi ch w ha t e v er m a y b e i t s i m pe r fe c t i on s
g , , ,

s ee m s to the w r i te r a t l ea st m u ch l ess en cu m b er e d w i t h d iffi ~

, ,

c u lti e s than t he m e r ely m e chan i cal theo ry of N ew ton w hil e ,

i t i s c er ta in ly m o r e c o m p atibl e w i th the i dea of ani m m ed i ate

an d un iv ers al D i vi ne su p erintendence .
 C H A P TE R X .

GRO U N D S OF S T A B I L I T Y A N D G E NE R AL E C O NOM Y OF
T H E C O S M I CAL S T R U C T URE .

As a p r eli m i nar y s tep tow ar d a d u e com p reh ensi on and

app r eci a ti onof the theo r y n ow to b e O ffer e d r e sp e c ti n the i n
g
t e rn al for ce s ,
m ov em e n t s gr ou n d s Of s tabili ty and gene ral
, ,

e con om y of the u n iv e r s e the r ea d e r i s r e qu e sted to b ear d i s

,

d tha t p r i ncip les op e r a

'

ti n c tly i n m i n te i nd i ffe r en t ly u p on a
~

l a rge and a s m all s cal e— that the m agni tu d e s and d i s tance s 3 f

the O bj ec ts to w hi ch the y apply a r e ab s ol u te ly of n ,
o con se

q u en c e a s affe c ti ng t he e ss en ti a l na tu r e of the i r op e r a ti on s .

N o w i nthe li ght of thi s tr u i s m le t u s su pp os e s om e s i m pl e

, ,

v egetabl e for m say a n appl e —to b e pl a c ed u nd e r a m i cr o

-

s cop e s o e x ce e d i n ly p ow er fu l as t o m ag n i fy i t t o t h pp nt
g e a a r e

s iz e of tha t i m m e n s e sp her oi d of s telfar or b s w i th the i r pl an e ts ,

w hi ch i s k n ow nto u s a s the M ilky W ay an d i nthe m i d st of

/

w hi ch ou r w or l d i s s i tu at e d W e w ill su pp os e that the p or es

.

O f the a ppl e w ou l d i ntha t ca s e app e a r O f a m agn

, ,
i tu d e e qu ally
g r ea t w i th the i nte rpl ane tar y and i nte r s tell ar sp ace s and that ,

the m olecu le S w ou ld b e m agn

’

ifi e d to the app ar ent siz e of

w orl d s M or e ov er the i nter nal m otions O f the m ol e cu l e s oh
.
, ,

s e r vi n g the natu ral o r d e r O f v egetativ e ci r cu l ation and p r o

r e s s i on w ou l d h e a r a c ert ai nr e s e m bl an ce to the r ota tor an d
g , y
orb i tu al m oti on s O f su n s an d pl ane ts a nd all ob eyi ng the law
, ,

b y w hi ch the d i s ti n c t s tr a ti fic ati on s an d c om p ar tm ents of the

a pp l e a r e form ed wo u l d giv e ana pp ea r an
,
ce s om ewhat si m il ar
1 20 GENERAL ECONOMY O F

to d i s tinct sy s te m s and sy s tem s O f sy s tem s of su ns and

,

pl ants as the s e a r e su cc e ss i v ely b r ou ght i nto the fi el d O f a

'

t el e s c o p e S u pp os e tha t afte r thi s O p ti ca l a r r ang e m ent i s

.
,

c om pl et e d s o m e l e ar n
,
e d N e w t on i an a str ono m er w ho i s en ,

t i r ely i gn or a n t O f i ts n a tu r e i s i n ,
v i te d on s om e cl ea r e v en
,

in t o l o ok thr ou h the i n s tr u m en t whi c h i s r e p r e s en t d t

g, g ,
e o

hi m a s a ne w ly i nv ente d telescop e i ns tea d O f a m i cr oscop e

, .

The a s tr onom er gaz es w i th w ond er and a s toni sh m ent and ,

thi n k s he has O b ta i ne d a new and fa v or abl e vi e w of som e

s tell a r a n d p l a neta r y c r eati onw hi ch ha s not b efor e app ea r ed
t o him e x a c tly i nthe sam e a sp e c t .

”
W ell M r Astr onom er d em and s an i nqu i re r w hat i s
, .
, ,

y ou r Opini onr e sp ecti ng the o rigi nof the m oti ons the l aw s of ,

op e r at i on a n ,
d the s ou rce of s ta bili ty of the sy st em w hi ch y ou
,
”
ar e n o w su r v e yi n "
g
“W h u nd o u b t e dly r epli e s the a s tr on o m er
“ th
y , ,
e s a
,
m e

p r i n cip le
g a r e a ppli ca bl e he r e tha t apply to a ll pl an e ta ry an d
s te ll ar c r e a t i on s ; an d i f he a d d e d no m or e he w ou l d thu s ,

far b e c or r ec t B u t he conti n
. u es Und ou b te d ly each one of
,

thos e b od i e s r e ce iv e d a c e r ta i n m e cha n i cal i m p u l se as i t w as

l au nche d i nto s p ace fr om i he hand Of the C r ea tor Ea ch one
f
.

m ov e s i n a v a cu u m an
,
d w ou l d ha v e c onti n u e d i t s p r i m i tiv e

m o t i onina di r ec t li n e fore v e r ha d i t n ,
ot b een d e fl e c te d fr om

i ts c ou r s e by ane qu al and p e rp e tu ally op e r a tiv e fo r ce o f g r a v

i ta ti on w h enc e i ts p r esent m oti oni s i na c i r c u l a r or e llip ti ca l
,
”
o r bi t . If e i th e r one o f those r ev olvi ng b od i e s c on ti n,
u es

the s age a s tr onom e r w e r e a r r e s t e d i ni ts O rbi t a n

,
d t he c e n
,

t r i fu gal for ce w e re thu s d e s tr oy e d g ra v i ta ti onw ou l d i m m e d i

,

a t ely d r a w i t to the c e n t r a l s u n an d thi s w ou l d p r ob ably s o

,

d e r ange the e qu ilib r i u m O f the sy s te m a s t o u l ti m ately p r o

”
d u ce a u niv e r s al ca tas trophe "
If the as tr ono m er i s now s ho w n a d i r ect vi ew Of the real
 TH E C O S M I C A L S TR U C T U R E . 1 21

su bj ect of th ese Sp e cu l ations— is sho w n th a t i t i s m e rely an

app l e—he will con s i d e r thi s a s O f i ts e l f a s u ffi c i e n t r e fu ta ti on

Of hi s sp ecu l a ti on s s o fa r a s tha t obj ec t w a s c on

,
c ern ed ; b e

cau s e he consi d ers the i nte rnal m ol e cu l a r m oti ons O f the ap pl e

as b e i n g gov e rne d by a p ri nc ipl e of life a nd thi s he r ega r d s ,

a s of i ts el f a m ply su ffi c i en t to k e ep u p the e q u ilib r i u m O f i ts

p art icu l ar p arts .

B u t e ach cl u ster or firm am ent O f su ns wi th i ts pl ane ts i s

, , , , ,

In r i n
p cip le b u t anappl e ona l ar g e s cal e
,
S om e O f the m or e.

d i stant a n ,
d l ess easily re s olv abl e neb u l ae i nd e e d ap p ea r to a
, , ,

tel e scop e O f sm all p ow er al m os t i n the i d e n ,

ti cal fo r m an d
S in s of a n appl e ; a n d vi e w e d ap a r t from all othe r cons i d er a .

ti on s thanth os e su g es te d by t h e i r O w np r op e r a sp e cts a s t he
g ,

w hi te m ilky s p o ts w hi ch th e y p r e s e n
,
t t o te l e s c op e s i n cap abl e
\
,

O f r e s ol v i n g t h em o n e m ig ht ha v e e a sily c on
,
c e iv e d tha t th e
y
w e r e agi tate d by i n te r nal m o ti on s
; b u t t he con ce p ti on th a t
th e s e i n te r nal m o ti on s w ere r e fe r abl e to e x te r n al a n d m echan
i cal i m p u l s es and that the m ovi ng bo d i es ( w hi ch the d i stance
,

of vi e w r ed u ce s to m ol e c u l e s w e re su s ta i n e d i ne q u ilib r i o by
)
cou n t e r i m p u l s e s a c c or d i n
,
g to the N ew toni antheor y of pl an
s ta ry m oti on w ou l d h a v e b e en a s u n
,
natu r a l and far fetched -

a s w o u l d b e pr e c i s ely the sa m e the or y ap p li e d to the i n te rn al

m ol ec u l ar m ot i on s of a nappl e .

Ind e e d i t i s c onc ei v abl e tha t one m ight b e m i r ac u l ou sly

, ,

el e v ate d ab ov e the w hol e p lan e of si d e r eal c r e a ti on s to a .

d i stanc e so g reat tha t a s he l ook e d d ow nu p onthe w hol e u ni

,

v er se O f fir m am ents the w hole m i ght p r esent one u nr e solv ed

,

m a ss app a r en tly fr om that d i stan ce n o l a r er than the s iz e

, g ,

of a nappl e
,
.N ow w henw e r em em b er that i nthe w or ki ngs
,

of p r i n cip les the r e i s ab s ol u tely n o d i s ti n c ti on m a d e b e tw e en

r ea t an d sm all b od i e s how n at u r ally m a i t b e su pp os ed th at

g , y
the wh ol e u niv er se wi th all i ts i n c l u d e d su b u n iv e r ses i s per -

1
1
1 22 GENERAL ECONOMY O F

v a d e d lik e
,
the appl e ,by an i nternal p ri ncipl e of L fe a nd i
,

tha t thi s i s the ca u se of a ll i ts i n te r n al m o ti on s an d t he su s ,

t ai n e r O f e q u ilib r i u m a m on a ll i ts c on s ti tu en t o r b s w hi ch t o
g , ,

i t a r e i nr e ali ty no m o r e thanw ha t the m ol ec u l e s a r e t o the

,

a ppl e "

B u t le t u s e nd e a v o r to Ob tai na m or e d i s ti nc t vi e w of s om e
of the c on s ti tu e n t el em en ts e m b r a c e d i nthi s ge n e ral theOr :
y
O u r the or y b efor e p r op o u nd e d of c onstantly em a na ti v e as
, , ,
‘

w ell a s c on s ta n tly g r a v i ta ti v e for c e s a s con ne c te d w i t h pl ane ts

, ,

su n s s y s te m s
, ,
an d fir m a m e nts s e e m s i f c or r ec t to ne c e ss i
, , ,

ta te the c on cli i s i on t ha t u n i v e rs al sp ac e i s c ons tantly filled

w i th su b s t an ce .Thi s s u b s tanc e i s i nthe s oli d fl u i d a e ri f orm , , ,

an d e the re al sta te s Ini ts d e ns e s t s t a te i t m ay b e s u pp os e d

.
,

to b e i n d e fini tely m or e d e ns e tha n the he a v i e s t su b st ance s

k now nu p onear th a nd i ni ts r ar es t sta te i t m ay b e su ppo sed
, ,

t o b e i nd e fi n i tely m or e r a r e t hanel e ct i ci ty a nd b e tw eenthes e

r
,

t w o e x tr e m e s there a r e p r ob a bly a ll i n
,
t e rm e d i a te s The u ni .

v e r s e m ay th u s b e r egar d e d a s only one v a s t e th ere al B od y ,

h av i ng i ni ts g ener al m ass i nnu m e rabl e p oi nts of c ond ensati on ,

n
whi ch a r e s u ns pl ane ts etc
, ,
.

N ow the for ce w hi ch or i gi n
,
ally i d u c e d n eb u l ou s c i r cl e s ,

fir m am ents su ns pl ane ts s atelli te s e tc to a ssu m e th e i r r e

, , , ,
.
,

s e c ti v e o r bi ts a t sp e cifi c d i s tan c e s fr om the i r p r i m a r i e s an d

p ,

w hi ch p e r p e tu ally O p er a te s (w i th s om e m od ific a ti on s a c cor d ,

in o d i ffe r en s tag e s O f p ro r e s s i on to k e ep t he s e b od i e s i n
g t t g )
t hos e g en er al or bi ts a fter the y a r e a s su m e d m a y i na d eg re e , , ,

b e co nc e iv e d by the foll ow i n ill u s tr a ti on: The p on d er a ble

g
a tm o sp he r e o f th e e ar th a t a l e v e l w i th the s ea i s r el a ti v ely ,

d e ns e w hil e a t t he t op s of the hi ghe s t m ou ntai ns i t i s r el a

,

ti v ely r a r e ; a n d a t a na l ti tu d e o f for ty fiv e or fi fty m il es a c

-

c or d i n t o r e c e iv e d e s ti m a te s i ts e xi s te n c e ce a s es to b e a p r e
p
g ,

ci ab le . Hy d r og enga s i s m u ch ligh ter than the p ond erabl e

 TRE C O S M I C A L S TR U C TU R E . 1 23

te rr e s tr i al a tm o sp h e r e l e v el w i th the sea ; and w h encon

at a .

fi ned i na b all oon i t a scend s w i th i ts e nv el op e to an al ti tu d e

, , ,

d e te r m i ne d by the d egr e e of b u oy anc y of gas and b all oon

un i te d and the r e i t fl oats u ntil d i s sip ate d N ow e ach s ol ar
,
.
,

an d pl ane ta ry b od y i n sp a c e i s s u r r ou nd e d by a ca lor fic
,
i
,

lu m i nou s elec tr i c an
,
d ether ea l a tm osp he r e w hi ch i nlik e m an
, , ,

ner v a r i e s i n d ens i ty and p ow er w i th the d i s tanc e from the

,

c en t er of c on d ens a ti on a nd by vi r tu e of the r e sp ec tive

,

s u p e r a e r i a l a tm osp her e s o f an tw o b o d i e s s u s t ai n i n t o e ach

-

y g
o the r the r e l a ti on s of p r i m a r y a n d s e c ond ar y the s econd ar y ,

b od y assu m es anorb i tu al d i s tance from the p r i m ar y w hi ch , ,

a s i nthe c a s e of the b all oon i s g ov e r n ,

e d by t he la w O f e qu i

lib r i u m — w hi ch d i stance how e v e r i s s om e w hat m od ifi e d by

, ,

cen t ri fu g a l for c e .

Thi s ill u strati onof the b all oon how e v e r i s v e ry i m p erfe c t

, , ,

an d on ly s e rv e s to e nabl e the r e a d e r to ap p r ox i m a te to a c on
c ap ti onof the t ru e i d e a ; for w e ar e n ot to co n s i d er an p lan et
y
o r o ther ce l e s ti al b od y a s havi n t he s am e d egr e e of afi n i ty
, g
for i ts p r i m ar y a s the b all oon has for t he e a r th or a s b e i n g ,

a ttr a c te d t o i t i ne x a c tly t he s am e w a y o r a s i t w ou l d b e ,
if ,

the r e w e r e n o r e a t er d i s si m il a r i ty b e tw e e ni t s m a tt e r a n d t h e
g
m a tte r O f the r i m a r y t hant he r e i s b e t w e e n the m a t te r O f
p ,

the b all oonand tha t O f the ea r th B u t e a ch c e l e s ti a l b od y i s

.

c om p os e d o f m a te r i al s a n d p os s e s s e s cal or i fi c el e ct i c od i c
, ,
r
, ,

an d other for c e s and p r op e r ti e s and H om e afi n

,
i ti es p e cu li ar ,

t o i tsel f an ,
d w hi ch i nge ne ral d i ffer fr om thos e of a ny o ther
, ,

iv enb o d y i n p rop or ti ont o the d i s tan ce o f i ts n atu r a l s i tu

g
a ti o n . M or e ov e r e a ch pl ane t s u n e tc a s b e for e i nti m ate d
, , ,
.
,
l
,

i s only the cond ensed center of a gener al ether ea l b od y of no

p a r ti cu l a rly d efi ne d ci r cu m fe enc e b u t w hose r efine d em ana
r
,

t i on s r o w i n m o r e r a r e w i th e a c h r e m ov e from t h e i r cen te rs
, g g ,

e x ten d i nd e fin i tely into sp ace Inthi s w ay e ach b ody i nter

.
,
1 24 G ENERAL ECONOMY O F

com m u ni ca tes w i th and acts u p on all kind r ed b od i e s and i s

, , ,

a cte d u po nby the m i nr e tu rn; the acti oncon s1 s t i n i na ni n

g
ter b len d i ng of the for c e s a n d p r op ert i es of the d i fle r e nt
'

b od i e s Wh enthi s i nter bl end i ng i s har m oni ou s the a cti oni s

.
,

a ttrac tiv e ; w heni t i s c on fli c ting i t i s r ep u l s iv e B ey ond c er

, .

t ai nli m i ts of d i s tan c e the i n ,

te rbl e nd i ng a c ti on s of an t w o
y
b od i e s h ow e v er d i s si m il ar i ncons ti tu ti on i s al w ay s har m oni
, ,

ou s -
an d h ence attr ac tiv e ; w i thi n th ose li m i ts of d i stan ce ,

the a c ti oni s c r ow di n g and confli cti ng a nd h ence r ep ellent

,
.

S u ppo s e th en that by som e co ntrolli ng ar m or som e acci

, , ,

d enta l i m p e d i m ent a pl ane t w e r e su d d en

,
ly a rr e s ted i n i ts
or bi t a n
,
d w e r e thu s r eli e v e d fr om the i n fl u enc e O f c entr i fu gal
for ce : i t w ou l d i m m ed i ately b e d r aw n t ow a r d i ts p r i m a ry
w i th a for c e w hich w ou l d u n i for m ly i ncre as e a s the s qu a r e of
the d i s tan c e d e c r ea s e d p r ovi d e d no c ou nte r acti ng forc e w e r e
,

d e v el op ed by the a pp r oac h to the c entral b od y Infalli n

. g in
w a r d h ow e v e r althO u h the a t tr a c ti v e for c e w ou l d f or a ti m e
, , g , ,

b e i nc r e a s e d (that i s u ntil the p r evi ou s c entr i fu g al d i sp lac e

,

m en t w a s ov e r c om e ) i ts e l a s tic a tm os ph e r e w ou l d b egi n t o
,

c r o w d m or e a n d m or e u p onthe el a s ti c a tm osp her e of the su n ,

an d e v eni ts o w ns oli d ifi e d p ar ti cl e s by the i nc r e a s e d ca l or ifi c

, ,

p hoti c el ec tr i c od i c and vi tal acti ond u e to the p r oxi m i ty of

, , ,

the t w o b od i es a s ce n t er s of s u ch a c ti on w ou l d i nth e m s elv e s

, , ,

d e v e l op ane m an a ti v e O r r e p e ll en t for c e i nr e sp e c t t o the p r i

m ar y ; a n d ow i n t o th e s e ca u se s the s e con d a r y b od y c o u l d
, g ,

not app r oach w i thi na c e r tai n d i s tanc e of i ts p r i m a ry w i thi n ,

w hi ch d i s t an ce the r ep e ll e n t for ce w ou l d b e s u p er i or to the

a ttr a c tiv e.

The s am e i d e a i s i nv olv ed i nthe theor y ( b efor e p r op ou nd e d )

o f the p r oc e s s by w hi ch s ec on d ar y b od i e s w er e for m e d fr om
p r i m a ri e s— a nd w hi ch su pp os e s t hat the s e cond a i es ar e com r

p os ed of a ne qu al qu anti ty of a ttr a cted and em a na ted p ar ti cl es .

 T II E C O S M I C A L S T R U C T U R E . 1 25

As eac h i ndi v i d u a l of th e se, cted u p onby c entr i fu g al for ce

a ,

fi nd s i ts e qu ilib ri u m a t the pa r ti cu l ar p oi nt w h ere by the u ni on ,

o f a ll the s e c on
,
d a r y b ody i s fo r m e d s o the u ni ted m a ss of p ar
, .

t ic le s i nthe b od y thu s for m e d has n ,

o m or e t en d e ncy t o d r a w
near er to the p ri m ar y th ani t has to em a na te fu r the r fr om i t .

S u pp ose th en any p ar ti cu l ar s econd ar y b od y sh ou l d b e

, ,

v i ol en tly a r r e s te d i n i ts or bi t : i t w ou l d e vi d e n tly s i n k i nto

the e th er ea l a tm o sp he r e of i t p r i m ar y a d i s tan c e m ea s u r e d
s ,

by i ts p r evi ou s c entri fu gal d i spl acem ent w hi ch i nm ost c as e s , , ,

w ou l d b e consi d erabl e ; b u t a t s o m e p oi nt b e tw e eni ts for m er

o rbi t and the p ri m ary i t w ou l d attai nto ane x act e qu ilib r i u m
,

b e tw e enthe attra ctiv e and em anativ e or r ep ell ent i nfl u ences ,

an d ther e i ts i n w a r d m oti on w o u l d s top If h el d ther e by

.

vi ol enc e and p re v ented from p ar taking Of the ge neral v or ti cal

,

m ot io nof the sy s tem i t w ou l d b e to the cosm i ca l sy s tem w ha t

,

a m ass of d i spl ac e d p ar ti cl e s or a sp li n
,
te r of for e i gn m a tte r ,

w o u l d be to the hu m a n sy s te m ; an d the e flec t w ou l d b e an ,

i nfl am m ati on su pp u rati on and d i ssol u ti on of the p ar t F or

, , ,
.
,

i t i s e vi d ent that i n s u ch a ca s e the b od y w ou l d a ccu m u l a te

h eat and oth er r ep ell ent e l em e nts fr om the p ri m ary m or e ,

r api dly th ani t c ou l d r eli e v e i tsel f of th e m and s oone r or l ater

,

the s e a ccu m u latio n s w ou l d b e b ey on d i ts p ow er s of end u r anc e .

The p ar ticl es i nthat c ase w ou l d sep a r ate i nd e ta il and w ou l d ,

e i the r b e d i e s te d a n d a ss i m il a te d w i th the g en er a l m a s s o f
g
the p r i m ar y an d i ts a tm osp he r e or a ssu m i n t he g en r al r e v o
, ,g e

lu ti onary m o tio nO f the sy ste m w ou l d b e ag ai n th r ow nou t

,

w a r d by the r e su l tan t c en tr i fu g al for c e an d w ou l d r eagg r eg ate

,

t h e m se lv e s at th ei r o r igi n a l d i stan ce an d the p l an

,
e t w ou l d b e

for m ed an ew .

F or ane x pl anationof the p r incipl e s onwhich all i otator y

an d orb i tu al m o ti onm ay o ri gi nate the r ea d er i s r e fer r ed to an
,

e arli er stag e of thi s tr e ati se inwhich w e sp o k e of the fi rst

,
1 26 GENERAL ECONOMY OF

a ssu m p ti onof r ota tory m ot o i ni nthe u niv ersal m ass and by ,

cons i d e r i ng the u niv e r s e s till a s one gene ral B od y i nter i orly ,

gr avi tati ng and e m anati ng a s inthe b eg inni ng he m ay conc e i v e

,

how the s e m oti ons not only of th e g r eat g ener a l B od y b u t

, ,

o f a ll i t s i n cl u d e d a n d corr e sp ond ent su b b od i e s i s p e r p e tually

-
,

s u s tai n e d by a con s tan t s u pply O f the s am e for c e s w hic h op e

r a te d i n the b egi n ning and w hi ch c ons tantly i nflow from the
,

i ne x ha u s tibl e sou r ce s of D ivi n e S pi r i tu al H e a t an d Li ght ,

w hi ch m ean L ov e and Wi sd om a nd w hi ch c ons ti tu te d the

,

Alp ha a nd O m ega the fi r s t and the l ast the b egi nni ng and the
, ,

en d i ng of thi s gra n d c r eativ e op e r ati on ‘ Vhat canb e a m ore

na tu r a l thou ght thanthat the u niv er s e i s c onstr u cted and that ,

a ll i ts fi i n c ti on a l O p e r a ti on s a r e c a rr i e d on ac c o r d i n g to the
,

for egoi ng p r i ncipl es " and w ha t hy p othe si s r el ati ng t o thi s

g rand su bj e ct i s s o free fr om d iffi cu l ti es "
If the u niv e r se i s a c tu ally c onstru c te d on the se p r i ncipl e s ,

i t m an i fe stly p os se ss e s ( u nd e r the op e r ati ons of i ts p er v ad ing

D i v i ne L i fe ) a s el f r egu l a ti ng p ow e r w hi ch m u st nec e ssa r ily
-

iv e i t the u tm os t c on iv bl t bili t y — the s tabili ty of an

g c e a e s a

a l m os t i n fi ni te livi ng O rgani sm e x e m p ted from all e x te rnal

,

cau s e s of d e a th " L e t pl ane ts b e c row d ed ou t of thei r o rbi ts ,

i f su ch a thing w e r e p os sibl e (w hi ch i t i s not ) and th ey will ,

e i ther s p on tan e ou sly r e tu r na g a i n or n e w a rr ange m ents w ill b e

,

a s su m e d a m on thei r a m oci a t e b od i e s w hi ch w ill b e a ccor d i n g

g ,

t o the la w o f e qu ilib r i u m ,
an d e qu ally h a rm o ni ou s w i th the
p r e vi ou s c ond i ti on L e t pl anets or e v enw h ol e s y stem s by
.
, ,

an i m a in abl e m e an b t r i ck e n ou t of e xi s ten c t h
y g s,
e s e : ere

w ou l d b e a n i m m e d i ate su p plyi n of the v acu u m — a h e ali n g

g
— and s car c ely a c i ca tr i c e w ou l d r em ai n Ins hor t
‘

u
p o f th e p a r t .
,

le t the sy stem by s om e i m agi ne d for eign for c e b e w ou nd ed

, ,

an d d era n g e d i n al m o st any c onceivabl e w ay : i t w ou l d still

co ntai naninternal p ow er Of r ecu p er ation B u t a s a D i v inely
.
 TH E C O S MI C A L S TR UC TU R E . 1 27

consti tu te d F a bric ,
d e sti ne d t o u nsp e ak ably nobl e a nd gl or i
ou s e nd s i t i s enti r ely fr e e fr o m a ll c au s e s of m ate ri a l d i s
,

t u rb anc e , and w ill li v e on u ntil i t s hi ghe s t p u rp p s e s a re fu lly

a tta i ne d ,
w hen, as one G r and M an, i t w ill c hange i ts w hol e
m o d e ofb ei ng for one w hi c h i s m o r e sp i r i tu al , m o r e D ivin
“

e ,

and i nc onceivably m or e glo rio u s "

 C H A P TE R X I .

PARTI CULAR C ONSIDERATI ONS C ONCERNING THE GENESIS AN D

MODUS O PERAN D I OF THE S OLAR SYSTEM .

L I TTLE m or e nee d s to b e sa i d by
,
w a
y of a pplyi ng the fore

o i n p rinc ipl es t o the ene si s an d m odu s op er a n di o f ou r ow n

g g g
S ol ar S y stem .It ha s b eenb efore i nti m ated that thé i d e nti ca l
p rincipl e s ar e i nvol v e d h er e tha t w er e c oncerne d i nthe or i gi n
an d g ov e r n m en t of the u n iv e r s e a s a w hol e wi th s om e
, ,

m od ifi ca ti on s i n the fo r m of thei r r e su l ts a s ow i n t o d i ffe r

g ,

en ce s o f c on d i ti ons and that the s e ve nfol d s e r i es i s ob s e r v e d

,
-

i n the l a w s O p er ati ons a nd s u cce s siv e s tages of u nfol d i n

, , g i n ,

b oth i nstanc e s Inb oth i ns tance s the r e a r e the s u ccess i v e and

.

a sc en d i ng d eg r ee s of C haos N u cl e ati on Sp her oi d a ti on C i r c u

, , ,

la r Ag r egati on S e gr egati on S e c ondary S p he r oi d ati on and the

, , ,

c om pl e t e a n d u l ti m ate c osm i cal u nfol d i n g In b o th c a s e s the.

d y na m i c age nts of H e a t L i ght a nd El ec tr i ci ty w i th thei r

, , ,

c or r e sp ond i ng tri a d Of od ic el e m ents a re i nvol v e d to w hi ch , ,

i nb oth c as e s i s su p e r a dd e d the all p er v ad i n

,
g and c ontrolli ng
-

D i v i ne L i fe Pr i nc ipl e .

The chi e f d ifle r enc e s i nthe sp ecific f or m s of d e v el op m ents

’

i n the t w o c a se s li e s b e tw e e n thei r fou r th fi fth s ix th a nd

, , , ,

s e v en th d egre e s Inthe s er i e s O f d e v e l op m ents th r ou gh w hi ch

.

w e ha v e s u pp os e d the u n iv e r se a s one w hol e B ody to ha v e

, ,

p a s se d w e hav e s u pp ose d the fou r th d e v el op m e nt to b e tha t

,

of n ebu lou s r i n g s s u r r ou nd i n th e p i m y p h i d — o at
, g r ar s e r o r ,

l east s eg m ents of r i ngs S O l arg e and of su ch v ar io u s p ar ts a s

, , ,
 T II E S O L A R S Y S T E M . 1 29

to p r ecl u d e the p o ss ibili ty Of a nag gr eg ationOf the m at e r a s i l

of e i ther r i ng or s eg m ent i nto one sp he r oi d al b ody ; w hil e in
, ,

the S ol a r S y st e m t he s iz e a n
,
d othe r c ond i ti ons of ea ch of thes e
cy cl oi d al neb u lm w e re w i th app arently one e x c epti on s u ch a s
, ,

t o a d m i t of a n aggr e ga ti on i nto on e s ph e r oi d al b od y The .

e x c ep ti on her e r e fe r r e d to r el a t es to the m as s Of m ate r i al s

fr o m whi ch or igi na te d the a s ter oi d s The fif th or seg r eg a ti v e

.

p r oc es s i n the u ni v er sa l d e v el op m ent consi sts accor d i ng to , ,

ou r hyp othe s i s of the d iv i s i onof e a c h n

,
eb u l ou s r i ng or s e
g
m en t in
,
to a m u lti tu d e O f a n g u l ar and i nd e fini tely form e d
m asse s ; w he r ea s the fi fth a n d c or r es p ond i ng d e v el op m ent i n
the S ola r S y s te m con s i s te d n e v er y c as e e x cep t tha t of the
, ( i
a s ter oi d s a s b efore m en
,
t i on ed
) s i m ply of the b r eaki n u
g p of
the n e b u l ou s r i n
g a n d t h
,
e a s s e m bl a e of i ts p a r ts i n
g to on e

b od y The p r oce ss es O f the s ix th d e v el op m ent b oth of the

.
,

Univ er se and of the S ol a r S y s te m w e r e p e rfe c tly i d enti cal , ,

e x cep t tha t i nthe form er c ase sola r sp he r e s an d i nthe l atter

, ,

the ga s eou s an d i nc an d e s c en t sp h e r es of n a sc en t pl an e ts w e r e ,

the r e su l t . The sev enth d e v el op m ent of the u niv er s e c on

s i s te d of the u n fol d i n o f t he i d en ti cal for m s w hi c h w er e the
g
p r od u ct Of the six th d e v el op m ent of the sol ar sy stem v iz ,
.
,

the for m s of n asc en t p l ane ts a s a fore sa i d ; w here as the sev enth

,

d e v el op m en t of the s ol a r sy s tem c onsi ste d of the su p e r fi ci al

,

soli d ifi ca ti onof th os e b od i e s an d s u ch other chan e s i nthe m g

,

a s p r e p ar e d th em for the i n tr od u c ti onO f the fi rs t an d l ow e s t

of the o r g an ic for m s by w hic h th ey w ere su b s e qu ently
,

t enante d .

Bu t l thou gh the Univ ersal S y stem and the S ol ar S y ste m

a

th u s e ach con s i s ts of a com pl e te O c ta v e of d e v e l op m e nts e ach

k
,

oc tav e has i ts ow np ar ti cu l ar e n ote w hi ch d i ffers fr om that

y
-

O f the o th er That i s to say they d o not b egi n at the sam e

.
,

pl ace i nthe staff nor d o es one b eginwh ere the o th er ends

,
.
1 30 ORIGIN O F C O M E TS .

Thi s h ow ev e r
, ,
d oe s not i n a ny p ec t d e s troy the co rr e
r es

s on d en e of t he p r i n c i les w hi ch b o th i n lv
p c p v o e .

Afte r the su n a nd pl a ne t s w e r e thu s fo r m e d by agglom er

a ti on s an d c ond ensa ti ons of the ori gi n ally d i ffu se d m a ss O f

c hao ti c m ate r i al s t he r e w o u l d n
,
atu rally s till r em ai n i n d i f

fu s i on thr ou gh the g ene r al Sp her e of the sy s te m a qu anti ty ,

of m u n d ane m atte r s o gr ea t a s to b e li abl e u n

, d er the f u r the r
,

a c ti onof the la w o f c on d ensa ti on to u l ti m ately a ss u m e for m s

,

m or e or l e ss d i s tin c tly v i s ibl e Thi s c onsi d er a ti on hi nts a t

.

the ori gi n an d char ac te r o f thos e e rr a ti c and i nsom e ca s e s

,

app ar e n tly al mos t l a w l e ss b od i e s ca ll e d com ets

,
Thes e a r e .

m e r e excr escen ces u po n the sy s t e m — i n ci d en ts of p r e v i ou s

d e v el op m ents ; and the i r a nom al a s O f c ons ti tu ti onand m o ti ons

a r e p r ob ab ly th e r e s u l ts O f the i r b or d er i ng s u p onthe e x tr e m e

c on fi ne s of the for ce s and l aw s p r ov i d e d for the go v e r nm ent

o f the s y s tem .Asi d e fr om s om e ill u s tra ti ons O f c osm i cal
l aw s w hi ch the y affo rd they p r ob ably su b s erv e no p u rp os e
,

w hich i s m u ch m or e i m p or tan t thantha t of the am u s em en t

of a s tr onom ers .

T hi s i d ea of r esi d u al neb u l ar m atter al so accou nts for th at

si n u l ar n eb u l ou s a n d obl a t e ly sp he r oi d al e nv el o e of the su n
g p ,

whi ch i s ca ll ed the Z “ od i a cal Li g ht

”
Pr ob ably nei the r the for
.

m ati onof thi s n or of the com e t s w as s p e cifi cally c on

,
te m pl a t e d

i n the O ri gi nal pl an of the C r eator b u t the d e v el op m ent of

,

e ach w as i n ci d en ta l to the u n i for m O p erations of e stabli sh ed

l aw s .

As o ri gi nate d ou r ow n sol ar sy stem s o w e m ay su pp os e ,

or i gi nat e d all othe r s ol a r s y stem s i ns p ac e w i th di fl e r en ce s i n

'

t he for m s of t he O p e r a t i on s an d r esu l ts of i d enti c al p r inc ipl e s ,

a cc or d in g to d i ffer ences i n m ater i al condi tions and l ocal

cir c u m stances .
 C H A P TE R X I I .

S Y N T HE T I C AL V I E W O F T H E O R I G I N O F T H E EAR T H ,

AN D I T S GE O L O G I C AL F ORMA T I O N S .

TIIE l ast d e v e l op e d form co sm ical stru c s Of the u niv ersal

t u re v i z the d i sti n
,
.
,
ctly se g reg ate d m a ss e s of p l an eta r y m atte r

b efore d escr ib ed m ay b e vi ew e d i n the light of S eed of the

,

g rea t Tr e e of p r e vi ou s B ei ng and G e rm s of a fu tu re and cor ,

r e sp on di ng c reati on By m eans of a g ene r ativ e i nfl u enc e

.

c on s ta n tly d e sc en d i ng fr om the D ivi ne S pi r i t a s the Sou r ce ,

O f all s u b or d i n a te e xi s ten c e s a co rr e s p ond i ng o c ta v e of u nfol d ,

i ngs now ensu e w hi ch m ay b e call ed the g eog nos ti c u nfol d

,

i ng s The su cc essiv e stag es of thes e w hi ch lik e o th er s ys tem s

.
, ,

of c r eati on for m a sev en old ser i es s e em b o th i nthe ligh t of

, f -

, ,

p rin cip les a n d f a c ts t o O b ser v e t h e fo llowi n,

g o r d er and
r el ati on s :

P RI M ARY TR INI TY . S E C O ND A R Y TR I N I TY .

nfor m ed fi er y Tr a nsi ti onP er i od ,

”
1 . C h a oti c or u 4 Th e
. ch a

va p or . nl y b y a er i a l
r a c t er i z e d m ai

d ev el opm ents a nd c h a ng es .

p nu cleu s ( li qu i d 5 Th e Second ar y P er i od ch a
“ ”
2 . S h er oi d al . ,

a nd g as eou s ) . r a ct er i z e d b y d i s ti nc ti on s of

c l i m at es a n d sea sons and ,

th ei r c or r esp on di n g sed i m ent

ar y p
d e osi ts .

3 . G ra ni to -
a q u eou s , or , su p er 6 Th e
.
“ Te r ti ar
y , or , th e v ol

fici ally so l idi fi ed and ocea ni c . ni c l acu s tr i ne flu v atile

ca , , ,

and ab r asi v e P er i od .

UL T I M ATE .

7 . Recent or Al lu v i al P eri od .
1 32 ORIGIN O F TH E E A RTH

Inou r d e s c end i ng or a a vi ew Of c r eation w e sp ok e

n ly tical ,

b r i efly of s om e of the m or e su p e rfi ci al character i s ti cs of these

te r r e s tr i al d e v el op m e n ts ; b u t w e w ill n ow gl an c e a t the a s

p eets i nw hi ch they will app ea r i nt he li ght of the d p r i or i and

d p os ter i or i p r oc ess es O f r ea s on i ng com bi ned .

1 TH E C HAOT I C STAGE — In ou r a n
. aly ti ca l a nd analogi cal
vi ew O f the te rr e str i al sy stem w e fou nd ab u nd ant r easonto
,

b eli ev e that ou r ear th w a s form ed fro m a m ass O f p r i m e v al

fi e ry v ap o r a s e xp r essi ng m ate r i al co nd i ti ons a ntecedent to the
,

fi ery li q u id m a ss of w hi ch fa cts p r ov e tha t ou r

, , gl ob e on ce

co ns i sted F oll owi ng the fu rther and ob v i ou s teachi ng s of

. .

an al ogy ,
a s w e ll a s the i n ti m atio n s of ce r ta i n c el esti al
p h e

nom ena w e w er e led t o the co ncl u si on th at thi s m as s m u st

,

h av e b e ena r esu l t Of a p r e vi ou s aggr eg ation and s egreg at i on

O f the m a ter i al s of the s ol a r atm osp her e of w hi c h a ne xpl an ,
a

ti oni s i n v olv ed i nthe now app a r ently w ell establi sh ed theor y -

O f the form atio nof the n eb u lo u s r i ng s and th ei r su b se q u e nt

,

chang es .

It s eem s t o b e a w ell fou nd e d opi nionof b eli e v er s i n the

-

neb u l ar t h eo r y th at the g ase o u s cy cl oi d w hose Co nd ensation

, ,

r e su l te d i n the for m a ti on of the ea rth m u s t h a v e o r igi n ,

ally

b een nearly of the sam e shap e and c i r cu m fe r enc e wi th the

p r esent orbi t of the e ar th N ow the e ar th s or bi t i s not an
.
,
’

e x ac t c i r cl e b u t an elli p s e w i th t he s u n i n on
, ,
e of i ts foci .

C o nse qu ently at the s ep ara tio nof the m ate ri al s of thi s r i ng

,

o r cy cl oi d at on e p ar t of i ts r i m an d th ei r a g r eg ati ona t the

,
g

O pp osi te pa r t w h eth er thi s occu rr ed a t the p er ih elion or

,

ap heli onp oi n t— the co m m o n m a ss thu s for m ed m u st ha v e

t ak enthe el on gated or elli p soi d al sh ap e and p r e ser ve d su p er
,

fic i ally all the g en e r al g eom e tr i ca l p r o p er ti es of the p r evi ou s

cir cu m s ol ar zone ona r ed u ced s cal e

,
.

The fir st d is tinc t fo rm assu m ed by the m ateri al s of ou r

 A N D MOON . 1 33

nas cent pl ane t th er e for e , hav e b e entha t of ane llip soi d

,
m u st
,

o r p e rh ap s m o r e p r op e rly sp ea ki n g th at of anegg som e w ha t

q
, , ,

fl a tte ne d i n the d i re cti on of i ts s hor ter d i a m e t r The tw o .

en d s of thi s e llip s oi d al b od y p r e s e r vi n g r e sp ectiv ely the , , ,

en e ra l q u a li ti e s of wh at w e r e i ts aph e li on a n d p i h li on
g e r e

p oi nts w hen d u r i ng i ts p revi ou s and higher s tate of d i ffu si on

, ,

i t en c i rcl ed the s u n m u s t n ow s u s ta i n t ow a r d each o th e r the

,

r el a ti on s Of i n n T h vi n g
*
p os i t v e a d eg a ti v e he a t o m s a t he .

s tr o n e s t a ffi n i ty f or the p o s i tiv e i n fl u enc e the r efor e w ou l d

g , ,

natu rally flow t o w a r d the po si tive e nd ; and th os e h a vi ng the

s tr on g e st affi ni ty for the neg ativ e i nfl u ence w ou ld flow t o w ar d
the n e a t iv e e n
g d Th e r e w ou l d the r e fo r e b e a t e n
. d enc y of , ,

t he p ar ti cl e s t o aggl om er ate a n d c ond ens e i n the for m of a

s ep a r a te n u cl eu s n e ar ei ther en d of the gen e r a l b od y or m or e , ,

acc u r at ely s p eaki n p r ob ably i ne i the r ocu s O f the elli s kIf

g , f p
the p ar ti cl e s ar e s u ffi ci en tly d iv e rs e fr o m each o th er a s to th e i r
e x tr em e d eg r ee s of p os i tiv e n e ss or n egat iv en ess an d o th e r ,

ci rcu m stances are fa vor abl e the te nd enci es to aggl om eration ,

an d c o nd e nsa ti ona t these tw o p oi n ts m ay r esu l t i nthe for m a ,

t i on O f a p r i m ar y pl an et a n d a s atelli te ; or if ther e a r e ,

s e v e r al d e g re e s of m a tter w i d ely d i s ti n u i sh e d by th e i r r e l a
g
tiv ely p os i ti v e a n d neg ativ e qu ali ti e s a cor r e sp on din gly com ,

plicated op er ati onof the sa m e p ri ncipl es and fo rces m ay re ,

s u l t i nthe for m a ti onof sev er a l s at elli te s .

The i d e a of a t end ency to and c ond ensa ti on i n the foci of , ,

the egg s h ap e d n
-
eb u l ou s m a s s th u s for m i n g a p r i m ary and a ,

sat elli te an d th at thi s ten

,
d en cy i nd icates a la w i s i np reci se ,

“ ” as a ov e i t i s not intend e d to b
Inem p loy g n p os ti v e an n
i th e term s i ” d e ati v e
g , ,

r es tr i ct the id ea of th e p o a r r e a ti on l
s w h i c h th e l
e p ress, to a con necti onw i th e ec y x l
tr i c i ty O r m ag netis m . Th ese l ti
re a n
o s m ay p p osed , i nsom e sen
be su se , to su bi s st be
tw ee nth e tw o e xt r em es i nth e d ev e l op m ent of ea ch of th e i m p ond era es bl R i h n . e c e

b a ch , as w e hav e see n fou nd u nm i stak able i nd icati ons of th ese p olar r

,
ela ti ons e xi ti ng s

i nth e od i c l
” e em ent, w i th i ts d i fferent v ar i eti es, b y h im d iscov ered .

12
1 34 OR I GIN o n T HE E A R TH .

a cco rd ance w i th a nd expl ai ns the fa ct u niv e r sal i n th e solar

, , ,

s y s t em
,
an d d ou b tl es s i n othe r d e p ar tm e nts O f the cos m i c al
c r ea ti on that w he n b od i e s w he th er pl an e ts or s a te lli te s
, ( ) re

v olv e i nellip ti ca l orbi ts thei r p ri m a ri e s or c enter s of gr avi ty

, , ,

a re i n vari ably s itu ate d i n one of the foc i of the e llip s e p r e ,

c i s el
y w h e re a c c or d i n ,
g to o u r th e o r y s u c h b o
,
d i e s m u st
i n a ll ,

p r ob abili ty h av e b e en ori gi nally for m ed It m ay b e a d d e d

, .

t ha t of the fac t of thi s foca li ty i n the s i tu ati on of p r i m a r i es

,

wi th r eferenc e to the elli p ti c orbi ts of thei r se cond ar i e s no ,

o ther hyp othe si s thanthe g ene r al one now u nd er co nsi d erati on

a ffor d s the sligh te st e xpl an a ti on .

C o ns i d e r i n g the ear th and the m o onas h av i ng i nthi s w ay , ,

b e enform e d r esp ec tiv ely by c onde ns ati ons i n the foci of the
sa m e or i i n al n eb u l ou s m a s s t h i r i i na n d r e l a ti on s m a
g e r
,
o g y
b e cons i d er ed a s hi nti ng a t if not e x actly r ep r ese nti ng the
, ,

o r igi n an d r el a ti ons O f the t w o b od i e s of w ha t a r e c all e d

d ou ble s ta r s or bi n ,
a r y sy s t e m s Th e d i v er si ty of color s ge ne
.

r ally ob s e r v e d a s cha rac te r izi n g the t w o cons ti tu ents of s u ch

sy s tem s— the l ar g er b od y b e i n g i nm ost case s r el a tiv ely r e d
, , ,

an d the sm all e r r el a tiv ely bl u e a s thou gh they had d ivi d e d ,

th e p r i sm a t i c co l o r s b e t w e e n t h e m — s tr on ly i n t i m a te s of i t
g ,

s e l f s o m e thi n
,
g lik e a p ola r Op p osi ti oni nthe m ate ri al s of w hi ch
t h e y a r e r es p e c ti v ely com p ose d an ~
d giv es a d d i tio nal w eight
,

to the hyp oth esi s O f th e i r or igi n al an d n eb u lo u s c on nection .

The hyp oth e si s of ano r igi nal u n ion i n one neb u lo u s bo d y

of the m ate r i al s of the e ar th an d m o on seem s i nd eed to b e , , ,

ne c e ss ar y i f the r e i s ad m i tt ed to b e a ny tru th i nthe neb u l ar

,

t h e or y . B u t i f thi s hy p o th esi s i s tru e i t su gg ests a c on

, ,
ne c
t i on of a n a tu r e h e r e tofor e li ttl e su sp e cte d a s e v enn ow s u b
,

s i s ti n g b etw een the ear th and m o on Tak en i n connection .

wi th ou r d oc tri ne of constant em a na ti on as w ell as constant ,

g r a v i ta t i on O f ,
p ar t icl es gov e r n e d by th e l aw s o f a s s i m il a tio n ,
 E TH E R E A L E N V E L O PE . 1 35

e li m i nation and p ol ar izati on i t encou r age s i f p o ssibl e e v en

, , , ,

m o r e thana s u spi c i on tha t the e a r th an , d m o onar e b u t c on

d ens ed an d O pp osi tely p ol ar iz ed p oi nts i n one c om m onm a ss
of e ther eal m ag n ,
et oi d or o di c
, su b s tan ce S u ch ane the r eal .

m ass c on ,
s i d e r e d a s the c om m oncalo r i fi c p ho ti c el e c tr i c o d i c
, , , , ,

ner v oi d and vi tal sph er e or a t m osph er e of the e ar th and m oon

, ,

w ou l d se em to b e a n ece s sar y e xi s t en c e acc or d i n g to p rinci ,

p l es i nv olv ed i nthe d i scov e r i es of R ei chenb ach ; w hil e onthe ,

o th er han d and i na still m or e em p hatic s ense the ear th an

, d ,

m ooni nthe i r p r e s en t s ta te m ay b e su pp os e d t o con

,
s i st O f

p r ecip i ta ted p ar ti c les o r i gi nally h el d i nsol u ti oni nth e i r now

e
nv el opi ng e th e r e al and i m p ond e r abl e m ens tr u u m fi i

T hi s fi el d or r eal m Of s egr ega ted e th er su p p or ti ng th e s e

now c ond ense d p oi nts m ay i ni ts p r e sent s tate b e consi d e r ed
, , ,

as a nu l ti m a te r e fi n e m en t O f the p r i m e v al n e b u lo u s m a ss f ro m

w hi c h ou r w or l d a n d i ts satelli te had th e i r co m m on ori gi n .

Th ou gh it s u l ti m ate attenu ati ons i nte r com m ingling w i th those

,

of ki n d r e d b od i es (y e t s till p re s e r vi n h i r i d en i y
g t e t t ) y
m a b e

s u pp o s e d to e x ten d i nd efi n i tely i nto sp ace the r el ativ ely d ense , ,

It is w el lk
n ow nth at p arti cu la r p osi ti ons ofn in resp ec t to th e earth are
th e m oo ,

ac com p an k
i ed w i th m ar e d e ffects u p on som nam bu li sts, c atal ep ti cs, an d p ersons d i s

p osed to in san i ty ; an d i t h as from ti m e i m m em or i al b een b eli ev ed th at c er ta in lu nar

p osi ti ons h av e al so a d e cid e d influ enc e u p on th e v eg eta bl e and ani m al i n k

g d om s .

D u ri n g ecl ip ses of th e su n , w h e n th e m oo
n h as b ee n d i re ctly be tw een th a t l u m i nar y
an y
d th e e arth , h u ngr ani m als h av e b eenob serv e d to su d d en ly cease eating, and becom e
app aren tly sa d an d d ej e cte d ; and w h ene cli p ses h av e b eentotal , b i r d s h av e som etim es
k
b ee n now nto fall d ead from th ei r p er ch es N ow , nei th er of th ese e ffects canb e su p
.

p osed to resu l t from an y m od i fica ti onof th e for ce of gr cw i ta tionas ow i n g to th e r ela

ti v e p osi ti ons i nsu ch cases, of th e ea rth , m oon , an d su n B u t if w e su p p ose , as i s su p
.

p ose d ab ov e , th at th e e arth and m oonar e e n v el op e d i na com m on od i c sp h er e of a

”

ner v oid and sem i v i tal ch aracte r , and th at th i s ch anges i ni ts p olar r elati ons and con
-

se qu e n t qu al i ti es of i nflu en ce u p on l i v i ng or ga ni sm s w i th ev ery ch an
, g e of r e l a ti v e
p os i ti onO f th e earth , m oon, and su n, w e h av e an e as y sol u tion of th e p h en om en a in

q u esti on Th e su p p osi ti on of su ch a ch ange of i nflu ence w ou ld seem to b e cou nte

.

nance d by th e r esu lts of Rei eh enb ach s exp erim ent w i th t he rev olv ing m agnet, before
’
1 36 ORIGIN O F TH E E ARTH .

or the ra t ionally m ore O b v i ou s po rtionof the b ody still r e

, ,

t ai n i n all p r ob abili ty the g e nera l s h ap e and siz e of the

o

,
s ,

o rigi nal neb u l a If w e su pp os e thi s sph er oi d Of i m p ond er abl e

.

m a tt e r t o b e r o ta ti n on i ts ow np r op e r a xi s on c i n t w en ty
g e

s e v e nd ay s s e v e nh ou rs a n
, d for ty th re e m i n
,
u te s ca r r yi n
-
g the ,

e a rt h an d m o onw i th i t a s i ts condensed foci w e h a v e i nsu ch , ,

s u ppo si ti on ane x p l an atio nO f the m otio nof the m oonr ou n d

‘ ‘

the e ar th a s i t app ea r s t o u s an d of the m o tio nof the e a r th

,

a r ou n d the m o ona s i t w o u l d b e m a them a ti ca lly e vi d en t t o an

i nhabi tant of the l atter b ody If thi s s u p p os i ti oni s co r r ect,

.

thenn e i th er b ody o u gh t t o m ov e r ou n d the o ther a s anab so

lu tely fix ed p oi nt i n the sy s te m b u t b oth o u ght to r e v olv e
,

ar ou n d a com m on center — the a xi s of th e i r co m m one th e r ea l

an d en v elopi ng m ass B u t consi d er i ng the su p e ri or a ttrac ti v e
.
,

forc e of the e ar th o v er the m oon tog e ther wi th the su p er i or ,

d ens i ty of th at w hole end of the e th er e al m as s i nw hi ch the

e a r th i s s i tu ate d t o t h at of the en
,
d i n w hi ch the m ooni s
s i tu a ted thi s c en
, ter of com m o nr e v ol u ti oncanp r ob ably v a r y
a t m o s t b u t a few h u n d r e d m il e s from the c enter Of the ear th ,

an d m ay b e v er y n e a r ly coi n ci d ent w i th i t .

I b eli e v e that a str o no m er s a r e now p r e tty gener ally con

v in ce d tha t i n bi n ar y s tell ar sy ste m s on e bo d y n ot o n
,
ly
r e v olv es ar ou n d the oth er b u t th at the tw o bo d i es r e vol v e
,

r ou n d a com m on center s i tu ated s o m ew h er e b e tw een the

,

c enters of the tw o and ne ar e st to the c ente r of the l arger one ;

,

an d to the se m otions thos e O f the bi na r y s y stem of the e ar th

,

an d m oonw ou l d acco r d i n
,
g to the foreg oi ng hy p oth esi s p re ,

sen t ane x a ct an al ogy .

The earth b ei ng the m aj or or p osi ti v e focal co nd ensati onof

,

the g en e r a l e th er eal an d env e l op i n g s ph er oi d h as asu m e d ,

su fl i ci e n t in d ep end ence to ad m i t of a d i u r n al r e v ol u tiononi ts

ow np r o p er a x es ; b u t the m oo n b ei n g the m i nor and neg a

,
 HI NT CONCERN ING TI DES . 1 37

ti v e focu s, st ill conti nu es i n su bj e cti on to the forc e O f the

e n e l eth e e l m a s s w hi c h i s os i ti v e o v e r i t ; and t h e r e fore
g r a r a
p ,

k eepi ng the sam e s i d e al w ay s to the e ar th i t r otate s o nly w i th

,

the r ota ti onof the gen e ra l m a ss .

If o u r hyp othesi s i s c or r e c t t hen n

,
ot on ly ou ght the s i d es
o f the m oon tu r n e d to an d fr om the ear th to b e i nopp os i t e
,

p ol a r r el a ti ons b u t th e r e shou l d b e a sli ght elong a ti on of the

,

m ooni n the s a m e d i r e cti on p r e s e n

,
ti n,
g i n fact the d w i ndl e d
,

an d m i ni atu r e fo r m of the or i ginal ne b u l ou s or p r e s e nt

e th er e al s ph er o i d . O n the sam e p ri ncipl e the r e m u s t ha v e
b e ena tend ency to el ongati oni nthe form O f the ear th w hil e ,

t he p a r ti cl e s w hi ch c o m p os e i t w er e i np r oc e s s of agg r e ga ti on .

Thi s tend ency how e v e r s o fa r a s the solid or less m obi le m a

, , ,

t e ri als O f the e ar th a r e c on c e rned ,

w a s c or re c te d by i ts r o

ta ti on on i ts a xi s by the p e rp e t u a l a c ti on of w hi c h d u ri n
, , g
the p e r i od i nw hi ch the e a r th p a s s e d fr om a fl u i d t o a su p e r

fic ially s oli d s tate the su r fac e of the e a r th w a s r oll ed i nto

,

en e r al r otu n d i ty B u t the m obili ty O f the w a ter y p or ti on s

g .

of the e a r th s s u r fa c e w a s su ch a s to p r e s er v e i n a d eg re e
’
, , ,

the i r fr ee d om to O b s e r v e the or igi n a l te n d ency t o e llip ti ci ty ,

w hi ch tend ency i s now m a nifested i n the for m of ti d es F or .

t i d es ar e o n ly elongati ons of the m obi le po r ti ons of the ea rth s ’

su b s tan ce , i nw h a t w e h av e su pp ose d t o b e the d i r e c ti onof

the l on g e r a xi s of the e the r e a l s p he r oi d , w hi ch a xi s w ou l d

ne ce s sa r ily b e inthe d i r e c ti onof the ear th and m oon, a d m i t

ti n th e s e b od i e s , a s p o i n ts of c on d en s at i on i n the g e n er al
g
b od y , to oc cu py generally the tw o foci Of the l atter Th er e .

a r e d ou b tl e s s , for the s am e r e as on
,
s , a tm os her i c t i d e s w hi c h
p
a r e g r e a te r than the oc e an i c ti d es i np r op ort i onto the gr ea ter
m obili ty o f the a t m osp h e r i c p ar t i cl e s ; a n d ha d not the ear th
a ss u m e d a r o tat or y m oti on ( fr o m cau ses i d enti cal w i th tho s e
w hi c h p r odu c e d a s i m il ar m o ti oni n o th er bo d i es, an d which
1 38 ORIGIN O F TH E EA RTH
0

h a ve b e en b e for e e xpl ai ned ) i t w ou l d d ou b tl e ss hav e c on,

d e ns ed (a s w e hav e s u pp ose d the m oon t o ha v e d one ) i na ,

p e rm a nently ov a l form w hos e opp osi te e nd s w ou l d i f the

, ,

e xp r e s si on m a b e a ll o w ed h av e r ep r e s en t ed s oli d
ifi ed
y ,

tid es *
.

Wi th the e vol u ti ons and c ond ensati ons ab ov e s u ppo s ed or , ,

a t l ea st w i t h s om e thi n
,
g not e ss enti ally d i ffe r i ng f r om the m ,

the m ate r i al s of w hi ch ou r e a r th i s c om p os e d m ay b e s u p ,

p os ed to h a v e p a ss e d ou t of thei r fi r s t o r chaoti c state .

2 The S E C OND s tag e of the ea r th s d ev el op m ents a s Ob

’
.
,

v i ou sly t he n e x t or d e r ly s tag e O f p r og r e s s i on fr o m the fi r s t ,

w a s tha t of a s her oida l i n o s n l Thi s s ta e i n d e e d

p g e u u c e u s
g .
, ,

c om m enced the m om ent the nu cl e u s b egan to app ear ; for

t h en t he g e n e r a l b od y by the d i s ti nc ti on d ev el op ed i n i ts
,

p ar ts b egan to p ass ou t o f the s ta te of ab sol u te chaos It

, .

m a b e c on s i d e r e d tha t thi s d e v e l op m e n t clo se d w h en the

y
o u t e r li m i ts O f thi s i n e ou s n u c l e u s b e c a m e di s ti n c tly d fi n ed
g e ,

an d w h e ni ts m e r ely m ol te nand fl u i d s u b stan ce b ecam e fu lly

d i s ti ngu i sh e d fr o m i ts g ase ou s e nv elop e ] L

3 The TH I R D s tage m ay b e d en
. om i n at e d the g r a n i te aq u eou s -

i t b e i ng the s tage c har ac te r iz e d by the fo r m at i onO f the fi rst

g ra n i te c r u s t an d by
,
th e d e v elop m en t o f th e o c e an s by w hi ch

t he l a tte r w a s g en e r ally c ov er e d Thi s com pl eti ng as i t d i d

.
,

the fi rs t Tr i n i ty of te rre stri al d e v el op m ents b r ou ght the ear th ,

from a p r e v i ou sly el a s tic a nd yi el d i n g to a solid and p erm a ,

Th es e su ggesti ons, tend i ng, as th e yd o, to a n ess enti al m od i fi cati on of th e N ew

toni a n th eo r y of tid es , m i gh t b e gr e a tly f
or ti fle d by a d d i ti o nal n
co s i d era ti o ns ; b u t to

p r esent th ese i nth ei r p r op er force , d i scu ss i ons w ou ld be re qu i r ed w h i ch w ou ld b e too

oc cu lt f or a p op u l ar tr e a tis e .

‘
r Th e for eg o m g con si d e r a ti ons i nr esp ect to th e fi rst a nd sec o nd sta g es of th e e arth s
’

n, ar e a d m i tte d to b e m a i nly a p ri or i , b u t to th os e w h o c an p er c ei v e e flec ts

‘

for m a ti o

as i nv ol v e d i nth eir ca u ses, th ey w i ll n ot b e w i th ou t w e i gh t Inr esp ect to th e r em a in.

ing sta g e s o f d ev el op m ent, w e w i ll n ot o n ly h av e th e e v i d ence of ca u ses, b u t of th ei r

fiec ts,
e as sti ll ob serv a ble i nth e earth s cru st.
’
 E A R LY A TM O S P H ER I C C O N D I TI O N S . 1 39

nent s ta te , a nd hu s
t c om pl e te d i ts co ns t i tu ti on m e re ly as a

lane ta r y body
p .

4 . The F O URTH s ta
g e w a s cha r a c t e r iz ed m ai nly by a e ri al d e
v e lop m e nts and c hange s . It emb r ace s tha t v a st p e r i o d d u r i n
g .

w hi ch the r ock s of the C a m b r i an S il u r i an Old

Re d S and s tone
, , ,

an d C a rb oni fer ou s sy s te m s w e r e for m e d At the c om m enc e .

m en t O f thi s p er i od the a tm osp he r e m u s t of n

,
ec ess i ty ha v e

b eeni nane x c e ed ingly c ru d e and i m p u r e s tate B e si d e s othe r .

r oss an d noxi ou s e l e m ents i t m u s t h av e b o rn e i ni ts b os om

g ,

all or n
,
e a rly a ll O f the c a rb on
,
i c a ci d ga s w hi ch s u b s e q u ently
b e cam e c ond ense d i n the m ou ntain li m estone and v ar i ou s
o ther li m estone d ep osi ts and the carb onO f w hi ch p a r ti ng w i th
, ,

i ts oxyg en b e cam e em b od i e d i nthe i m m ens e b ed s of m i ne r al

,

c oal fo u n
,
d m or e or l e ss i na l m os t e v e r y q u a r te r o f the e aL th
, , .

Anatm osphe r e thu s su r cha rge d w i th thi s noxi ou s v ap or m u st ,

h a v e b e en i ncom p a tibl e w i th the e xi stenc e O f any fo rm s of

o r gan i c li fe e x cep t thos e Of a low or d er ; a nd a cc or d i ngly w e
,

find tha t the pl ants and a ni m al s O f thi s v a st p e r i od w e r e a s ,

show n by th ei r fo ss i l r e m ai n s e x cl u s iv e ly su ch a s i n
,
habi te d
the o c e ana n d the m ar shy and fr e qu e ntly s u b m er ge d pl a ce s i n
i ts vi ci ni ty — s i tu a ti ons i nter m e d i at e b e tw e e n the p r op e r ly
m ar i n e an d the p r op er ly te r r e s tr i al .

It w a s d ou b tl ess ow m g m ai nly i f not w holly to a tm os

, , , ,

h e r i c cau se s th a t the s ol ar r a y s d u r i n g t hi s p e r i od ha d b u t
p
li ttl e i nfl u ence u p onthe su r face of the e ar th a nd that a nea rly ,

u n i for m tem p er atu r e p r e v ail ed at all l ati tu d e s and a t all s ea

s on s . G e ol ogi sts h av e u su a lly attem p ted to a ccou nt for the
hi gh d egre e and general u ni for m i ty of thi s te m p eratu r e as ,

i nd i cate d by the u niver sally tr opi cal natu re Of the pl ants and
an i m al s Of thi s p er i od by r efe rr i ng i t to a r ad i ati onof the
,

internal h eat Of the earth whi ch i t i s su p po se d m u st at th at

, ,

ea rly p er io d h av e b e enm u ch m o r e i n
,
ten se th ani ns u b s e qu en t
1 40 ORIGIN OF THE E A R TH

t im es . Bu t the m y ste ry q u i te a s w ell i f not b e t

s ee m s to b e ,

ter a cco u n
,
te d for i n the c on s i d er a ti on th a t w hil e the a tm os

h re w as s o e xc e ssiv ely d e n s e a s i t m u s t h a v e b e enw hil e

p e

l oad e d w i th s o m u ch carbon and carb onic a ci d i ts p r essu r e ,

m u st h a v e b ee n c o rr e spo n din gly g r eat ; and i t i s w ell k now n

th a t e v er y i n c r ease of a t m o sp he r ic p r e s su r e i s a tten d e d w i th an
i ncr eas e of h eat It i s not i m p r ob abl e how ev er: th a t b oth
.
,

o f th e s e cau s e s had s om e thi n g to d o i nthe p rod u cti onof the

s u p e r io r h eat of t h es e ti m e s .

The s c ene w hi c h w ou l d h av e b e en p res ente d to a h u m an

sp e c ta to r co u l d su c h an on
,
e ha v e b eenpl ace d u p o nt he s u r

fa c e of the e a rth a t thi s t i m e w ou l d h a v e b een glo om y and

,

c he e rl es s i nthe e x tr e m e He w o u l d p r ob ably at no ti m e h a v e
.

b eh el d ei the r cl ou d s or d eci d ed su nshi ne b u t a d i m and u nd e ,

fi ne d l u m i ne s cenc e cau sed by the s u nb eam s i np assi ng a th w a rt

,

t he thick an d s tag n an t a tm osp he r e N O s tar b e am co u l d h a v e

.
-

p enetr ated the d ens e a er i al env el op e to r eli ev e the gl oom O f

ni gh t and for the sam e r eason the r ange O f h or izontal vi s i on
, , ,

e v en at n o on d ay m u st h av e b e en c on
,
fined w i thi n narr ow
li m i ts All d iv e r s i ty O f l and scap e m u st i n the earli er p ar t
.
,

O f thi s p er i od h a v e b eenm e rge d i non

,
e wi d e w a ste O f w a te r s .

Thi s h ow e v e r w as i nl a ter ti m e s p ar ti ally r eli ev e d by e x ten

, , , ,

s iv e d i s tr icts of low m a r s hy l an,

d onw hi ch the soft an,
d su c
c u l ent v e g etati ongre w w i th the r ank e st l u x u r i anc e N O bi r d .

et w i n g d th i r o r gl a dd en d th f r e s t w i th i ts son g no
y e e a ,
e e o ;
b east p r ow l e d throu gh the thi ck j u ngl e s of fernand s igill ar ia ,

an d no h er d s l ow e d u p onthe fi el d s of m o ss and e q u i se ta ; a nd ,

e xce p t the r olli n g of the oceanw av e s the pl ashi ng of the finny ,

t r ib e a n d the o cca si on
,
a l r u m bli n g s of su b terr ane anfi res the ,

m ost p r o fou n d and gloo m y sil en ce r eig ned ov er the fa ce of the

gl ob e "
If therefor e inthe first s tag e of the fir st Tri n
, ,
i ty of d ev el
 N Ew RED SAN DSTON E . 1 41

Op m e nts , the w h ol e m ass O f ter r es tr i a l m a te ri al s w as ina state

that m ay b e d e si gn a te d a s c ha o ti c w e fin
,
d h ere i n t he fi r s t
,

s ta e of the s ec on d T i n i t y a co rr e sp on d i n o n d i t i n
g r , g c o a s r e

l a ti ng to the w hol e m a ss of a tm osp her i c m ate ri al s and of i ts ,

acco m p an yi ng d e v el op m ents a s the i ni ti al step s of ter res tr i a l

O rgani c c rea ti on Tak ena s a w h ol e , ho w e v er the c hanges Of
.
,

thi s p er i od b r ou gh t con d i ti ons on the e ar th s s u rfa ce i nto

’

som e thi n lik e a sy s te m at ic , or w ha t m a b e c all e d r u d i m en t

g y
ally or gan ized form
,
.

5 The FIF TH d e v el op m en
. t w as ch a rac ter iz e d by d i s ti n cti on
of cli m ates a s p r e v a ili n g i n d i ffer ent l ati tu d es, and by w ar m
an d c ol d se as ons a s o w i n
,
g to the r e v ol u ti on of ou r pl ane t
a r ou n d the su n; h enc e al s o, by ne w ki nd s of g eol ogi c al d e
,

p os i ts and hi gher d egr ee s of org ani c li fe Thi s d e v el op m e nt

,
.

w a s c o m p r i s ed i n the p e ri o d com m en ci ng w i th the N ew Red

S and s tone and end i ng w i th the cl os e of the C halk form ati on
, .

The r ecord s of the ge ner al co nd i ti ons of thi s p e r i od a r e v e r y

d i s ti nc tly p r es er v e d u p on the l ea v e s Of the r ocky b ook . On
the la m i n ae of the N e w Re d S and s tone r ock s i n v ar i ou s
l ocali ti es (and e sp e ci ally i n the v all ey O f the C o nne cticu t
R i v er ) a r e fou nd the d i s ti nc t footp r i nts of bi r d s of v a r i ou s
,

s p eci e s . Thes e app e a r to h a v e b eeni m p r e ss e d u p onthe s and y

an d cl ay e y m a rgi nof a noc ean a t low t i d e and t o ha v e b e e n
,

c ov e r e d u by su c c e s s iv e thi nl ay e r s of s a n d a n d cl a y d r i ft e d
p
i nby the sw e lli ng ti d e O nthe sam e r o c k s occ u r m ar k s w hos e
.

an l e s an d othe r c ha rac ter i s ti cs c l e arly p ro v e the m t o hav e

g
b e enm a d e b y fr ost The y ar e inform e x actly i d e nti cal w i th
.

t hos e w hi ch a r e n ow p r od u ce d by fr os t i n the m u d u p onthe

b ord e rs O f a s trea m Thes e app e a r to h av e b eenc ov e r e d ov er

.

an d p re s e r v e d i nlik e m a n
,
ne r w i th the t rack s by the d e tr i tu s
,

s w e p t i n by the r e t u r n i ng ti d e B u t i t i s note w or thy that,

.

al tho u gh th es e tr ack s a n d fros t m ar k s o ccu r i n ab u n d ance

1 42 ORIGIN OR TH E E A R T II .

a b ov e and b el ow e a ch o the r i n the s am e s y s tem of r o c ks ,

the
tw o are nev er fou nd u p on the sa m e la m i na — a s thou gh the
bi r d s d u r i ng t he fr os ty s ea son w e r e enti r ely ab s ent, havi n
, , g
m i rated
g to a w a r m er c li m a te
,
to r e tu r n ag ai nwi th the r etu r n
o
f s u m m er .

O nthe s am e s tr ata ar e i
a so l fou n s om
d i m p r e ss i ons
e t m es

w hi c h c ou l d on ly h av e b e en m a d e by the p atter i i fg Of F ai n
“
-

d r op s d u r i ng the p a ss ag e of a s m all s h ow e r cl ou d ; and the -

for m s of the s e s om eti m e s e v en i nfallibly ind ica te the c ou rs e

i nw hi ch the w i nd w a s bl owi n g at the ti m e "
H e r e then i s the ea rli es t d i s ti nct i nd i c a ti onof the p r e v a
, ,

l enc e Of a tm osp he ric cond i tions s om ew hat si m il ar to thos e

w hi c h n ow ob ta i n u po n the e a r th s s u r fa ce W e find h e r e
’
.
, ,

u n m i s ta k abl e e vi d en c e s o f su m m er an d w i nte r w ar m and c ol d ,

la ti t u d e s r a i n W i nd s cl ou d s and s u nshi ne— c ondi ti ons w hi ch

, , , ,

C l e a r ] y c ou l d not ha v e e xi s te d to a n r e at e x ten t d u ri n g n
y g a
y ,

p r evi ou s p er i od .

C onc e r ni ng the r eli cs of the O l d en ti m e fr om whi ch th es e ,

a tm osp he r i c an d t er r e s tr i al c ond i ti ons a r e i nfe rr e d P r ofes s or ,

H i tchcoc k (to w hom the s c i entifi c w orl d i s m u ch i nd eb t e d for

“
b r i ngi ng them to l ight) r em a rk s : It i s a m os t i nter e s ti ng
thou ght tha t w hil e m illi on s o f m en w ho ha v e s t r iv e nha r d to
, ,

t ran sm i t s om e t r ac e o f t hei r e xi s te n ce t o fu tu r e g en e r a ti on s ,

h a v e s u nk i nto u tte r obli v i on the si m pl e foot step s O f ani m al s

,

th a t e xi s t ed thou s an d s nay t e n ,
s O f thou s an
,
d s of y e a r s ago , ,

s ho u ld r e m a i na s fr e sh a n d d i s ti nc t a s i f y e s te r d ay i m p r e ss e d ,

e v e nthou h n e a rly e v e r y o the r v e s ti e of th ei r e i s t e n c e ha s x

g g
v an i she d N ay s till m o re s trange i s i t th at e v enthe p atte r
.
, ,

in of a sh o w e r a t tha t d i s tan t p e r i od s hou l d ha v e l e ft m a r k s

g ,

e q u ally d i s t i n ct and r e gi s t er e d w i th i nfa llibl e c er tai n

,
ty the

d i r ect i onof the

H i t h k G l gy p 1 55
c coc
’
s eo o ,
. .
 F IRS T M A M MA L I A . 1 43

The t e r r es tri a l a ni m l
i s p e r i od w e r e a l m o s t e x c l u
a s Of th

s i v el ov ip a ro u s p a r ta ki n l a r gely O f the s au r oi d a l o r liz a r d

y , g ,

lik e typ e w hi ch l a tter r e m a rk i s e v e n appli cabl e t o t he bi rd s

, .

To w a d the cl os e O f the p e ri od h ow e v e r anani m al app e ar e d

r , ,

w hi c h m a b e r e a rd e d a s a t ra n s i t i on li n k b e tw e en the
y g
o v ip ar ou s a n d vivip ar ou s It w a s a na ni m al of t he cl a s s M ar
.

su i ali a i n th e r w or d s a na n i m al w i th a p ou ch lik e tha t of

p o , ,

the op ossu m or k an
, g a r oo i n w hi ch i t s hel ter ed a n
,
d nou r

i she d i ts y ou n or a s e a son a ft e r the i r bi r th

"

g f th e s am e ,

b ei ng y e t too feebl e and i m p erfec tly d e v el op ed to end u r e

e xp osu r e to the ou te r el e m e n ts It ha s he nc e b e e nr e m a k e d
. r

that
“ thou gh the y ou n of thi s an i m al w e r e b ornali v e the y
, g ,

W e r e on ly ha lf b or n a si t w e re and ne ed e d a kind of s u p
, ,

l m en t g e s ta ti on to fit t hem f r li fe i n the e x t e rn al
p e ar
y o .

w orl d .

L ik e the fi fth d e v el op m ent or m e m b er O f e v e r y other se v en

fol d se r i es ther e fo re thi s i s cha r acte riz e d by the a ssu m p ti onO f
, ,

d i s ti nctness o r p a r ti ti on i n for m s a n
, ,
d g ra d ati ons O f fo rm s ,

fiom a s ta te of p r e vi ou s and c om p a ra t iv e i ndi sti nc tness

'

The .

rin cip le O f s eg r eg a ti on i s h e r e d i s ti n c t ly ob se r v e d t he sam e

p ,

a s i t w a s i n the fi fth s ta e of the u n i v er sa l c r ea ti on E c h

g a .

on e of the se for m s b ei n e t t r an s i ti on a l a nd i n c o m pl e te i s
g y
, , ,

as i t w e r e a n ,
u cl ea t e d p oi n t i nthe p r e vi ou sly chaoti c m a te r i al s

an d th ei r i nv olv e d pr i ncipl es ; a nd ther e fore the w hol e d e v e l

o m en t b i n th n d f t h S n d ry T i n i ty h
p ,
e
g e s e c o o e e c o a a sra c e r,

ta i n c orr e sp on d e nc e to the s ec ond O f the Pr i m a r y T r i ni ty ,

w hi c h w a s cha r a c te riz e d by a n u clea ti on O f the m at e r i al s of

t he e a r th a s a w hol e .

6 The S I X TH stag e of the ear th s for m ati onw a s c om p r i s e d

’
.

i nthe w hol e p e r i od c om m on ly term e d the Te r ti ar y and D il u

vi al p er i od s It c o m m enced i m m ed i a tely after tha t r em ar k
.

abl e m a r i ne te r r es tri al and atm o sph e r ic chang e whic h m u st

, ,
1 44 ORIGIN OF TH E E ARTH .

nec es sa rily h a ve a cco m p ani ed the gr e at i n and

C halk form at o ,

c l o se d i m m e d i a te ly p r i o r t o the c om m en c e m en t of the p re se n t
o r All u vi al p e r i od It w as di s ti ngu i she d fr om the p r e vi ou s
.

s ta e of t e r r e s tr i a l d e v e l op m e n t s m ai n ly by i t s l ac u s tr i n
g , e ,

v ol cani c and flu v ati le c ond i ti ons and b y the e ros iv e l e v e ling

, , , ,

an d ha r m onizi ng op e r a ti ons w hi ch e sp e ci ally nea r the c lose O f

,

the p e r i od oc cu rr e d onthe e a r th s s u r fa ce T he s e c ond i ti ons

’
.
,

w e r e e v i d en tly a n i m p r ov e m en t u po n p r e vi ou s o n es The .

e a r th b e ca m e m or e e x te n s i v e ly d iv e r sifi e d by m o u n tai n s an d
v all ey s for ests fi el d s and ru nni ng s tream s The qu anti ty of
, , , .

U pl a n d and fe r til e s oil w a s g rea tly i nc r e as ed ; the a t m os ph e r e

w a s fr e e d fr om p r e v i ou s p e s til en ti a l v a po r s ; the c li m a te s w e r e

r en d er ed m or e s al u b r i o u s and all thi n , g s w er e m or e com p a t

ibl e w i th the e xi s tence O f higher sp e ci e s i n the organi c ki ng

d om s . Acc or d i ngly e v eni nthe l ow er s trata of thi s form a ti on
, ,

the r e a r e fou n d the r em a i ns O f a n i m al s O f d eci d e dly m am

m i fe r ou s s p ec i e s The s e a re of the or d er Pa chy d er m a ta
.

( t hi c k s ki n
-
n ed
) an d,
of com p a ra tiv ely low or a n
g iz a ti on B u t a s .

c on d i ti ons a d vance d and n ew s tra ta w e r e d epo si te d highe r ,

s p ec i e s su cc e s s iv ely m a d e the i r app ea r an ce organ i c li fe all the

,

w hil e as su m in g m or e analogy to e xi sti ng typ e s u ntil tow ard , ,

t he cl os e of the p e r i od the r e w a s i nm an , ,
y i nstanc es a nac tu al ,

s ha d i n O ff i n t o s p e c i e s w hi ch n ow i nh abi t the ea rth Thi s

g .

l a tte r r e m ar k i s e qu ally ap plicabl e to the v eg etabl e as i t i s to ,

the a n i m al kingd om
,
.

Ab ou t the cl ose of thi s p er i od th er e ap p ear s to h av e b e en

,

a r e m ar k a bl e fall of a tm osph e r i c t em p e r a tu r e acc om p an ,

i ed
by a su b m e rgence of the grea te r p or ti on of l and i n the
nor the r n and t em p er ate r egi ons i n s ea s fill e d w ith fl oati ng
,

ic eb e rgs The s e i c eb e rgs fr equ ently r ea chi ng t o the b ottom

.
,

o f the o c e an h a v e s c r ap e d a l on v ’
o er the e a r th s s u r fa c e
, g ,

cl ashe d viol ently against i ts p r om i nences t orn frag m ents of ,

 DI L UVIAL AGEN C Y . 1 45

r ock fro m th eir o rigi nal b ed s p u sh ed them alo ng b efore the m

, ,

the fr i c ti on r o u n din g Off the i r angl e s and r e d u c ing m any Of

,

the m to san d an d p ebbl es .S om eti m e s l arg e m as ses of r ock

w ou l d get w e d g e d i n b e tw e en or t h r ow n u p on the top s of
, ,

bl ock s or p roj e cti ons O f i ce a nd w ou l d b e fl oa te d to g rea t d id

,

ta n ces and scatte re d ov er the c ou ntr y B ou l d er r ock s w hi ch .

m u st h a v e b een t r an sp or te d i n s om e s u c h w a h a v e b e en
y ,

“ ”
i d entified w i th r ock s i npl ac e to w hich they m u s t hav e ori g
in all b e l on g e d fr o m a fe w h u n d r e d y a r d s t o s e v e r al hu n d re d
y ,

m il es t o the n or th O f wh e r e th e y w e r e fou n d S om eti m e s .

b ou l d ers of g reat m agni tu d e ha v e b eenca rri e d o v e r s te ep a nd

hi gh m ou nta i ns and are not u nfre qu ently fou nd l odge d u p on
,

the i r s u m m i ts an d sca tter e d o v e r the i r s ou the r n d e clivi ti e s ;

a rid t he l on g c onti nu e d p ass age of r ock y fiagm ents and d e tr i '
-

t u s tr an sp or te d i nthi s w ay has w orns c ra tche s an d s om eti fires

’

, ,

p g v i n h un i n r o ck all o f w hi ch h a v e t he s am e
d e e r o es
,
t e m o t a ,

g ene ra l d i r ectio n w hi ch i s nea rly nor th and sou th— p r oving

,

tha t su ch w a s the g e n e r a l d i r ec ti on O f the cu r r e n t By thi s .

op e r a ti on w hich w a s e vi d e n
,
tly l on g co n t inu e d ru g e d m ou n
-

g ,
t

a i n e s c ar p m en ts w e re re d u ce d ; d e ep holl ow s w e r e fill e d u p ,

an d the face of N atu re w a s m a d e to a s su m e fai r e r p rop o r ti ons .

In shor t the terr e str i al s tr u ctu r e b e i ng gener ally c om pl ete d

, ,

thi s fi n al Op e rat io n to ill u s tr a t e a g r e a t thi n i m in u ti v e

( g yb a d .

co m p a r i son) se em s to h av e b e en the sm oothi ng and sa nd

a er i n p ro ce ss t o w hi ch i t w as su bj e ct e d b e fo r e b e i n
p p g g,

appli e d to i ts u l ti m a te a n d p r i nc ip al u s e a s the h a bi ta ti onO f

i ts fu tu r e tenant, M AN .

Thi s su p er fi ci al sm ooth i ng and r ou nd ing O f the ea rth and ,

i ts c om pl e tiona s a ha bi ta ble g lobe b ei n g t he thi rd m e m b e r of

,

the S ec o n d ary T r ini ty O f te rr es tr i al d ev el op m ents m ani fe stly ,

b ears a certain co rr esp o nd ence to the thi rd m em b er Of the

P ri m ar y Tri n i ty or the g rani to aqu eo u s d ev elop m ent which
,
-
,

13
1 46 ORIGIN OF TH E EARTH:

b r ou ght the ea r th to c om pl e tene ss ,

ns i d e r e d
c o m er e ly as a

p la ne tar s
y p h er e .

7 . The SE V E N TH t e r r es t r i al d e v el op m e nt, w hi ch now ensu es ,

i s tha t w hi c h i s goi ng onat the p r e s e nt t i m e . It i s cha rac te r

iz e d by s e d i m entar y d ep os i ts fr om e xi s t i n nd by w a te r s , a
g
the o c e an i c , te r r e s tr i al and a tm osphe ri c changes w hi ch a r e now
,

i m p e rcep ti b ly goi ng on; a nd i ts u she r i ng i nw a s accom p ani e d

by the i ntr od u c ti onof M AN , t oge ther w i th m ost O f the ani m al s
an d pl ants O f e xi s ti ng sp e c i es Thi s, ther efor e, i s the gr and
.

c u l m ina ti n p oi n t o f a ll t e r r e s t r i a l c r eat i ons an d b i n th

g ,
r
g s e

s e v e nfol d p r o r e s s i v e s er i e s t o a c om pl e t i on I t i s the r and

g g
-
.

p oi nt that w as ai m e d a t i n the b egi nni ng of b egi nni ngs and ,

t he g r e at O bj e ct the a cc om pli shm e n t O f w hi ch e ach i n ter

m e d a te i m o vem e i ntend ed t o s u b ser v e ; and now tha t

nt w as

i t i a ta
s t i n e d t h e p r e
,
v i o u s c on fli c t s o f e l e m e nts — i t he cl a shi n g s

O f a n i m p e t u ou s n a tu r e a s i f r eachi n for w a r d a n d s tr ivi n

, g g
i m p a ti ently for the atta i nm ent of i ts final d e s ti ny ar e l u ll e d ,

i nto r e p os e The hea v i n s O f the e a rthq u a k e a n d th e sp ou t

.
g
in s O f s u b t e r r an e anfir e t hr ou h t he b r ok e ns t ra ta w hi c h w e r e
g g
S O d e v a s t ati n i n p r e v i o u s a e s ha v e n ow i n a r e a t m e a su r e
g g , g
s u b s i d e d o r o c cu r o n
,
ly i n li m i ted d i stri c ts and a t l ong i nter
v al s . M ou ntai n and pl ai n for e st and fi el d oc eanand a tm os
, ,

h er e n ow t e s ti fy the i r c om m on s a ti s fa c t i on w i th the e n d
p
w hi ch ha s b ee n l or i ou sly achi e v e d ; a n d m an u n d i s tu r b e d
g , ,

p r oc e e d s to b eau ti fy and ad or n the e ar th and w i th no othe r , ,

i nte rr u p t i ons t han su ch a s a r e d u e t o hi s ow nfolly p u rs u e s his ,

r ou n d s of p r ogr e ss t ow ar d a d e s ti ny s till m or e gl or i ou s and

su bli m e "

O f c ou r s e the for egoi ng r em a r k s i nr e fe r e nce to the genesi s

‘

O f the e a r th ar e t o b e
,
c on si d e r e d
'
on ly i n the light of a
e n e l s u r v ey O f th e s u bj e c t t o w hi ch the y r el a te an d as
g r a ,

b ei ng i ntend e d m er ely to e stabli sh gene r al p ri ncipl e s and

 O U R METHOD AND CONCLUSIONS . 1 47

a nal ogi es to b e u s ed as i d s i nd i scov er i ng or c onfi rm i ng u l

a

t e r i or and c o r esp on
r d i ng t ru ths . S u ch b e i ng ou r m ai nObj e ct ,

w e ha v e ab s ta i n e d fr om d e s c r ip ti ons Of none s s e nti al m i nu ti ae

-

w hi ch m a
y b e fou n d i n th e
g eol o i c al b o ok s
g . W e h a v e how
,

e v e r r e c og n
,
iz e d all fa cts w hi ch hav e any e s senti al b ear i ng on
the s u bj e c t of ou r sp ec u l a ti on s an
,
d by the a i d of the s e facts ,

an d of the ge ne r al l aw s O f ca u sati onand anal ogy w hi c h gov er n

t h em ,
an d necess a r ily c onnec t them w i th corr e sp ond i n g ant e

c ed ents and s e qu enc e s w e hav e i nf er r ed the gener al natu r e of

,

th os e ne ces sa r y li n k s Of the sy s tem w hich a r e l ost to s ensu ou s

p er c ep ti on H ence w e hav e com m ence d w i th d e s crip ti ons of
.

cond i ti ons fa r m or e p r i m i tiv e thanthos e from w hi ch ge ol ogi ca l

Wr i ter s i n genera l hav e s tar ted and by the a i d O f the c orr e
,

s p on d e nces e xi s ti ng b e tw e enone sy ste m O f d e v e l op m e nts and

an othe r a s e x hibi te d i n the la w of the s e v enfol d s e r i e s We
,
-

hav e e nd eav or e d to e x hibi t the r oots of the t r e e O f G e ol ogy

as r ow i ng u p onthe s oil O f As t r on om y
g .

If the w hol e s u bj ect a s thu s u nfol d e d, e xhibi ts a s el f su p

,
-

p or ti ng and sel f p r ovi ng c onsi stency i t i n no s m all d egr e e

-
,

t en d s to e stabli sh the cor r e ctn e ss an d i m p or tanc e O f the m ethod

o f r e ason i ng fro m w hich i t r ece iv e s i ts su pp or t .
 C H A P TE R X I I I .

-
THE GE O L O G I C AL AN D M O S A I C RE V E LA T I O N S .

ON E Of the fi rst th ou ghts w hi ch s tr i k es theind as i t con

m

t em pl a te s the for egoi n g vi ew of the natu ral hi stor y of ou r

p l ane t i s that the d ev el op m ents sp ok enOf cou l d h a v e b een
,

a cco m pli she d on ly i n p e r i od s too v a st for h u m a n concep tion

'

Ad m i tti ng that the p r oc e ss of u nfol d i ng w hi ch finally r e su l te d

in brin g i n g o u r
g l ob e to i ts p r esen t h abi ta bl e an d m a tu r e

s ta te com m e n
,
c e d w he ni ts m a te r i al s w e r e all i na s tat e Of d i f

fu se d i gneou s ga s i t i s u tte rly b ey ond the p o w e r of m anto

,

c once iv e the p e r i od w hi ch m u st thence h av e el ap se d b efor e

the s e m a te r i al s w e r e SO fa r c on t ra c te d a s t o ad m i t of the fi r s t

s u p e r fi ci a l ra n i t i c i nc r u s t ati on B u t a ft er t hes e u nt ol d
g .

m y r i a d s O f a e s ha d q u i e tly r oll e d i n to the d e p ths of the p as t

g ,

s e d i m en ta r y m at e r i al s w hi ch a cc or d i n t o s ta te m en t s Of D r
, , g .

J ohnPy e S m i th as the r e su l ts O f ca re fu l m e a su r e m ents m u st

, ,

h av e had anaggrega te thick ne s s of not less thantw enty m il es ,

t ook pl ac e for the m ost p a rt q u i e tly a t the b ottom of the

, ,

oce an .The s e m a te ri al s incl u d i ng the r em ai ns Of pl ants and

,

an i m al s of now e x ti nct sp eci e s and w hol e r aces of w hi ch w e r e

,

s u cce ss iv ely b r ou ht i n t o b ein g a n d s w e p t a w a y w e r e a fte r

g ,

ward sl ow ly consoli d ated i nto the for m of the e xi sti ng fossillif

e r ou s r oc k s .

As to the nu m b er of y ear s or centu ri es w hi c h m u st hav e

el ap se d d u r in g thi s m i ghty O p era tion w e hav e the m eans of
,
 A N T I QU I T Y or OUR GLOBE . 1 49

m a ki ng i n ou r cal cu l a ti ons o nly a r em o te and i nd efini te ap

, ,

p r oxi m ati on D u ri ng c om p arativ ely short p eri od s of vi ol ent

.

p hy si cal r e v ol u ti on congl om e rates and oth e r coar s e and i nd i s

,

ti n c tl
y s tr a tifi e d r oc k s m a
y i n s om e i n
,
s ta nce s ha v e b e en d e ,

p os i te d w i th co m p a ra tiv e i ap i d i ty O l d er r oc k s w e r e p r ob
.

a bly d i s i n teg r a te d by the c om bi n e d ag en c y of hea t an d w at e r

.
,

an d gr ou nd to frag m ents by v ol canic an d m ar ine a gi ta ti on;

an d by vi ol en
,
t cu r ren t s p r ob a bly th u s g e n
,
e r ate d the y m a
y ,

ha v e b e encar r i e d to l ow er l ev el s an d s om eti m es for m ed thick

,

d ep os i ts i nco m p ara tiv ely shor t p e r i od s B u t the s e i nstances

.

ar e o n ly e x cep tio ns to the g ener al r u l e w hil e far the gr ea ter ,

p rop or tion of the stratified r ock s p r esent u nm i stak abl e e v i

d en ce O f ha vi n g b een d ep osi ted i nqu i e t w ate r s And th es e .

d ep os i ts c ou l d not i ngene ral ha v e a ccu m u l ated m u ch m or e

, ,

r api d ly tha n s i m il a r on e s w hi c h a r e g oi n ona t the

g t
p i p
re e

ti m e . N ow i t i s sa i d tha t the l ak e s of S c otl a nd shoal by

, ,

s e d i m en ta ry d ep os i ti on s on
,
ly a t the r ate of ab ou t si x i nches
i n a c entu ry *
. M aki ng all r ea sonabl e allow ance for the su
p e r i or activi ty of ea rly d i s integr ating and d ep os i ti ng for ces ,

the p er i od w hi ch m u st ha v e b e e n c on su m e d d u r i n g the d ep o
s i ti ou o f m a te r i al s w hi c h h a v e for m e d r o ck s of tw e n ty m il e s

i np e rp end i c u l ar thi c kness canb e e sti m ate d on

, ,
ly by m illi ons
of e a rs e sp e ci ally w h en w e ta k e i n t o accou n t th e l on g
y ,

p er i od s O f su p er m a ri ne el e vati onand r ep os e w hi ch som etim es

-

m u st h av e i n t e r v en e d b e tw e e n the cl os e O f on e for m a ti onan d

the com m en ce m en t o f the s u cc e e d i n g one .

O u r conc ep ti onO f the i m m ens i ty O f the p er i od s of these d e

p os i ts i s au gm ente d w hen w e consid e r th at b ed s O f r ock s
o f g r ea t thi c k n ess ,
an d som e ti m es w h ol e m ou nta i n s m an y ,

tho u san d fee t hi gh a r e m ad e u p al m ost en

,
ti r ely Of se a sh ell s -

an d to h e r o r g a n ic m a tt er — the s e m ou n tain s ha vi n g o ri ginally

Hit h k G l gy p 1 68
c coc
’
s eo o , . .
 1 50 GEOLOGY AND MOSES .

c onsti tu ted the s ea b ed s fr om w hi ch p osi ti onthey w ere su b

-

s e qu en tly el e v ate d by su b te r ran eanfor ce s The ani m al s a nd.

pl ants w hos e r em a ins ar e thu s p r e s erv ed m u st hav e liv ed “

, ,

an d d i ed s ay s Pr ofe ss or H i tc hc ock
“ on or n ea r the sp ot
( )
w her e they a r e fou n d ; w hil e i t w a s only now and then t ha t
ther e w a s c u rren t en ou gh t o d r i ft th e m an y c on si d e r abl e

d i s tanc e or b r ea k them i nto fr ag m ents ;

,
an d fr e q i i en tly

all the s hell s fou n d i na l ay e r O f r ock li e i nthe sam e p osi tion ,

w hi c h s i m il a r shell s n ow a ssu m e u p onthe b ottom of p on ds ,

l ak es and the ocean; that i s w i th a p ar ti cu l ar p ar t of the

, ,

s hell u pp e r m os t)
”

N or w ill w e b e a s toni she d at the se e vi d e nc es of the high

an tiqu i ty of ou r gl ob e w he nw e c on s i d e r the i m m en s e p e r i od s
,

w hi c h s e e m t o b e c on su m e d i n i ts a pp oi n t e d m ov e m e n ts i n
sp ac e . F or i f the r e i s a ny d e p end enc e to b e pl ac ed u p onthe
ob s e r v a ti on s an d m athe m a ti ca l r e a s oni n s of M ae dle r an d
g
o the rs the w hol e s ol a r s y s te m i s r api d ly m ovi n a rou n d a re
, g
m o t e c en te r i n an or bi t s o v ast tha t a s i n l e r e v ol u ti onc a n
, g ,

not b e acco m pli she d i n l e ss thane ighte enm illi ons of y ears "
C ons i d e ri n g th i s p e r i od a s t he a n n u s m ag n u s or
g r e at y e ar of ,

ou r pl an e t an d the fam ily o f orb s t o w hi ch i t b el on s it m a

g y ,

ha v e a ccom pli she d se v e r al O f the s e g rand r e v ol u ti ons S i nc e i t

a s s u m e d a ni n d i v i d u al e xi stence and s till b e only i nthe firs t
,

y ear s o f i t s e xi s t e nc e — an e xi s te n c e w h i ch m a
y co n t i nu e

t hr ou gh a s m an y s u ch re v ol u ti ons as the r e ar e d ay s or hou r s

i nthe or d i na r y li fe O f m an" Infact i n the d e v el op m ent of
‘

the pl an s of ani n fini te G od w ho has a w hol e eterni ty a s hi s

,

w or ki n p i d i t p h ic lly b i d th t
“ th ou san d
g e r o m ,
a
y e m a t a e sa a a ,
”
y ea r s a r e bu t as o ne d ay .

B u t the se w ond e rfu l d e d u ctions fr om s ci ent ific facts h av e

H i tch cock Ge l gy
’
s oo , p 88, 90 ;
. l
a so, Silli m ns Ap p end i x
a
’
to B ke ll s Geol gy
a we
’
o ,

p 544
. .
 T R U TH S M U S T H A R M O N I Z E . 1 51

iv enal a r m t o m an y t h eol o i a n s w ho ha v e c on s i d e r e d the m

g g ,

a s c on fli c ti ng w i th the M osai c a cc ou nt O f c r eati on a s r e co rd e d ,

i n the fi r s t c hap te r O f G e ne s i s . T hi s a cc ou nt ha s by them

b e e nconsi d e r e d a s c i r c u m s c r ibi n g the p e r i o d O f c é a ti ont o s ix
r

li te r al d ay s d u r i ng w hi ch i t i s su pp ose d that not only the

, ,

ea r th a n d all i t contai ns b u t the s u na nd pl ane ts i f not e v e n

, ,

the fix e d s ta r s w e r e b r ou ght i n
,
to b e i n g. T h e y ha v e he n ce

look e d u p on t he s ta te m e nts a nd sp ec u l a ti ons of ge ol ogi s ts

,

w i th d i s fa v o r ,
s u pp os i n g that thei r te nd ency w a s t o u nd e r
m in e the a u thor i ty O f the Bibl e . The p r e s ent tr eat i s e ther e ,

for e w ou l d b e i nc om pl e te w e r e I p ass ov er e nti r ely u nnoti ce d

,

the qu e s ti on p en d i ng b e tw e en ge ol ogi s ts and the ologi ans .

Thi s qu e s ti on how e v e r I can now only consi d er i nb r i e f e x

, , ,

hib i ti ng m e r ely the

g en e r a l a sp e cts of the co n t r o v e r s y a s the y

app ea r to m e .

B u t b e for e ente r i ng d i r e ctly i n to the m er i ts O f the q u e s ti on ,

I w ou l d p r e m i s e tha t all tru ths m u st b e c onsIS tent w i th ea ch

o the r w he the r fou n
,
d i nthe Bibl e or i n N a tu r e . If the r e for e
, ,

the r e i s a n c onfli ct u n m i s ta k a bly m an i fe s t b e t w e e nthe t e a ch

y
i ngs of the s e tw o au thori ti e s i t i nev i tably foll ow s that one or
,

t he othe r m u st b e u n tr u e ; a n d the u n t r u th i s m os t r a t i on ally

p re d i cabl e O f tha t w hi ch i s m os t li abl e t o b e ti nc tu re d by

h u m ani nv enti on .

N o w the sy s te m O f c r ea ti on t hou gh su bj ec tiv e and p he

, ,

no m enal w he n c onsi d e r e d i n r el a ti onto G od i s p osi ti v e a nd

,

i nd ep end e nt w hen c onsi d er e d i n r el ati onto m an The p age s .

of the r ocky b ook w e r e i n s c r ib e d by n o h u m an a m an u ensis ,

an d c ontai nnone of the w hi m s and er r or s O f p er v e r te d hu m an

t ho u ght . W hen cor r ec tly i nterp r eted the r e for e they a r e to
, ,

b e r e li e d ona s i nfallibl e and no theol og i ca l t eachi ngs w hi c h

,

c ontra di ct them can b e c onsi d er e d as the teachi ngs O f the

sam e G od w ho w r o te th ose i m p er i sh abl e p ag e s wi th hi s ow n
1 52 GEOLOGY AND MOSES .

h and Thi s consi d e r ati on for ces the co ncl u si on ho w e v er r e

.
,

l a c tant w e m ay b e to ad m i t i t tha t that sy s te m of theology ,

w hi c h ca nb e thr o w ni n t o a tr epi d a ti onby the u n fol d i n f

g o a

fac t i nna tu r e a nd w hi ch i nany ca se tr ea ts w i th hos tili ty or

, , , ,

e v enw i th d i s r esp ec t the p osi ti v e d e d u c ti on

, s o f s ci e n ce c an ,

not thu s far h a v e any c ou nterp a r t i nthe m i nd O f th at B ei ng

, ,

w ho i s the Au th or a lik e of n a tu r e a n d of h e a v e n a n d o f t he
‘

on e ha r m on i ou s sy s tem of tru th w hi ch i n v ar i ou s and cor ,

r e sp on d in d eg r ee s p erv a d es an d co n ti t t t h li f n d
g ,
s u e s e e a

law of all thi ng s

k
.

Tru e theol ogy th er e for e has no m o r e fav ors to as of tr u e

k
, ,

s c i en c e th anthe l a tte r ha s to a s
, O f the form er N e i the r one .

o f the se i n an c as e i s al ar m e d by b u t al w ay s r e o i c e s In
,y , , j ,

an a dd i ti on a l d e v el op m en t i n t h e o t he r b eca u s e the t w o a r e
y ,

b r othe rs i naffe c ti onat e u ni ty and e ach one contr ib u te s to the

,

o th e r of i ts o w nr i c h e s an d s tr en t h an d n e i th er c anl an g u i sh
g ,

w i thou t w e a k en i ng the othe r i na c orr esp ond ing d eg r e e .

S o m e the ol ogians d e si r ou s of m ai ntai ni ng the i r p rec oncei v

,

ed in te r p r eta ti on s O f the fi r s t cha p te r i nG en es i s ha v e a r u ed

g , ,

tha t s i n c e i t i s po s s ibl e for G od to d o all t hi n gs i t w as ,

p ossibl e for hi m wi th a s i ngl e s tr ok e of hi s om nip otent

.

p ow e r to c r eate the m y r i ad s O f s ea shell s the i m p r e s sions of

,
-

pl ants and the sk el e tons O f the higher ani m al s i nthe i r p ro

, ,

r e s s i v e o r d e r o f su p e r p os i ti on i n the r oc k s j u s t a s w e n o w
g , .

find them " Thi s m i ght b e a d m i tte d i f i t c ou l d fi r s t b e con ,

c e i v e d a s p oss ibl e for G od t o ha v e had a p r e vi ou s w i ll an d

p u r ose i n the
p g e ne r a ti on O f for m s w hi ch i n s u c h a ca se , ,

w ou l d h a v e b e e n t o hu m an con ,
c ep t i on s s o ev i den tly u seless ;
,

—and s o w i th the sam e qu alifi ca ti on i t m ay b e a d m i tte d

, ,

th a t G od m ig ht h a v e c r eate d H e rcu l an eu m un d er the b e d s O f

l av a and the Egyp ti an m u m m i es i nthei r to m b s j u s t a s w e
, ,

now find them —b u t to consi d er i t i nthe l eas t d eg ree p r ob abl e

 P RINCIPLES O F IN T E R P R ETATI O N . 1 53

th at G od ctu ally di d d o ei th er of th ese thi ng s wou l d b e to

a ,

s e t all an a l ogy a t d e fi an ce a nd to ta k e an e v erl asti ng l eav e

,

of t hos e gu i d e s to tr u th to w hi c h the hu m anm i n d i s l argely

i nd eb te d for all O f i ts s u b stanti al p rogr e ss If hd w e v e r w e .
, ,

ab s ta i n from s u c h a vi ol atio nO f t he God es ta blis hed l a w s of -

ou r r a ti on al n at u r e w e m u s t a d m i t i n t he i r fu ll for c e the
,

m an ife s t ind ica ti on s of fo ss il ol ogy an d li thol ogy i n r e fer e nce ,

to the i m m en se p e r i od s w hi c h m u st hav e el ap s e d d u r i n g the

g enes 1 s of ou r gl ob e and of the var i ou s and su cce ss iv er aces
,

of livi n g o rg ani sm s by w hi ch i t w as tenante d p r i or to the "

i ntr od u cti onof m an

Havi ng the u tm os t c onfi d enc e i nthe i nh erent str eng th an
.

d
i nv u l nerabili ty of tr u e the ol ogy th ere fore w e affi rm wi tho u t
, , ,

an d lic a y o v i n t h at i f the s i x d ay s of c r ea tio n

y e c r e as o , ,

s p ok enof by M ose s m ea n o n
,
ly si x ti m es t w enty fou r hou r s -

O f ou r t i m e th enthe ch r on
,
ol ogy of the s tag es of c r ea t io n a s ,

giv en by hi m i s m ani fe s tly u ntr u e Bu t w i th a p erfect

,
.

w illi n gness to find the accou nt tru e or u ntru e as the case , ,

e t u s e x am i n h cc u n a r less ly an d wi ho
m a
y b e ,
l e t e a o t f e t ut

r es er v e an
,
d en d ea v or to d i s c over i ts r eal i m p o r t .

Ino r d er to d o j u s ti c e i n ou r i nte rp r eta tio n O f an r i ter s

’
w
y
l anguage w e m u st, of cou r s e ha v e a d u e r egar d to the m ean
, ,

in g whi c h co nt e x t th e n a
,
t u re of t he s u bj e c t th e ci r c u m s tan ces
, ,

O bj ects and p ersonal cond i ti on of the w r i ter and the m o d es

, ,
”

o f spe ec h p r ev a l en t a m on g the cl ass Of w ri ters to whi ch he

b el ongs co nspi r e to fix u pon hi s l angu ag e Thi s ru l e i s so
, .

obviou sly tr u e that no cand i d m i nd w ill fail to r e cogni ze i ts

,

p r op r i ety at o nce N ow the bo ok of G enes i s (as i s the case

.
,

wi th o th er b ook s of the Bibl e ) w as wr i tten i n an age and a

co u ntry i nwhi ch sym boli ca l l angu age w as m u ch invogu e It .

a lso cl ai m s li k e o th er s a c re d boo k s to h av e b eenwr i ttenb

, , y
a sp ir i tu ally ill u m i n .
ated p erson an d for sp i r i tu al p u rposes ;
,
1 54 G E O L O G Y A N D M O SE S .

a nd ,
i tting th ese cl ai m s i ts p ecu li ar form s of thou ght and
ad m ,

e xp r e s s i onm u s t b e a d m i tt e d t o h a v e b e en g o v er n e d to s om e ,

e x te n t by sp i r i tu a l la w s ; an
,
d a cco rd i n g t o t h e s e s am e l a w s
,

t he r e for e the y m u s t b e i n
,
t e r p r e te d N ow one w ay and i n
.
, , ,

s om e i n s tan c e s t he o nly fe asibl e w ay of c onv eyi ng i nh u m an

, ,

l angu ag e a d e ep i nte r io r i d ea i s by p resenti ng i t i nthe v e rb al

,

i m agery of s om e fa m ili ar e x te r i or fac t whi ch e m b races w i thi n,

i ts el f the i denti ca l p r i ncip le w hi ch i s i nv olv e d i nsu ch i nter i or

i d ea That thi s r u l e w as ob s er v e d i n all the p arab oli c and
.
,

m u ch of the p r op he ti c an d d e s cr ip ti v e l an g u ag e o f the Bibl e

,

no one w ho i s fam ili ar w i th the contents O f tha t b ook can

d eny .

N ow le t i t b e Ob s er v e d that i f M os es hi m sel f throu gh

, , ,

spi r i tu a l or D i v i n e i m p r es s i on s or an oth e r m ean s h ad p os

y , ,

ses s e d an a d e qu a te i d ea of the i m m en s e p e r i od s w hi c h G e
y
o lo y p r ov es to h a v e el ap s e d b etw e enthe co m m en ce m en t of
g
the cr eatio nof ou r gl ob e an d the i ntr od u c tio nOf m anu p o ni ts
su r fa ce i t w o u l d h a v e b e en i m po s s ibl e for hi m t o h a v e con
,

v e y e d to the u n en ligh tened m ind s of the s em i b arb ari ans of hi s -

a ge an d na ti on any a d e qu ate i d ea of the a c tu al tru th of the

cas e ; an d an atte m p t to d o thi s w ou l d on ly h a v e b e en r o
p
y ,

d u cti v e O f m i sapp r eh ensi on and wo u l d p r ob ably h a v e ge n

,
e

r ate d s om e O f the w il d e s t fo r m s O f s u p e r s ti ti on The p r ob abili ty .

i s h ow e v er th at M o se s hi m s el f ha d no ad e qu ate conc ep ti on
, ,

O f the i m m en si ty of the a c tu al p e r i od s of c r e at i on; an d c on

s i d e rin hi m a cc or d i ng t o hi s cl a i m s a s a r e v el a tor m er ely
g , ,

O f w h at w a s r e v ea l ed to hi m thi s a d m i s si on m ay b e m a d e
,

wi thou t affe cti ng the tr u thfu l ness of the r ep r e senta ti ons w hich
w er e by hi m re cor d e d a s he hi m s el f r e c e iv e d them .

The s e consi d er ati ons str ongly fa v or the b eli ef e v end p r i or i , ,

that a n co f h n u ra l hi stor y of cr eatio n

y tr u thf u l r e r d o t e a t

m ad e intho se d ay s an d esp eci ally for sp i r i tu al p u r p o ses an

,
d ,
 “D A Y ” M E A N S A PERI OD . 1 55

by a s p i r i tu al h er wo u l d hav e b een c o u ch ed i ncorr esp on

teac ,

d en ti al an d spi r i tu al l an g u ag e by w hi ch the p r i ncipl e s and

,

sp i r i t of the i m m en s e t ru ths m or e i n t er i or ly i nv ol v e d w e r e ,

b r ou gh t i nto a d i m ini she d form O f em b od i m en t an d t hu s

,

a d ap te d to the ru d i m e n tar i n tell e c ts t o w hi ch the y we r e a d

v

d r ess ed “ ”
N ow a d ay Inv olv e s the p r i ncip le O f and hence
.
, ,

spi r i tu ally m ean s on e com p lete r ev olu ti on

,
B u t a s e a ch c om
.

l e t e r e vol u ti on w h e ther r e qu i r i n a l on g r shor t p e r i od on ly

p , g o ,

i nv olv e s the sa m e p ri ncipl e or spi ri t w hy m ay not the gr ea t ,

r e vol u ti on s or cy cl e s O f op e r ati onw hi ch c om p r i s e the d i ffe r en t

p er i od s i nou r earth s phy sical hi stor y b e i nspi ri tu al l angu ag e
’
, ,

ca ll e d S O m an y d ay s "
“
That the w or d d ay i s i nthe fi rs t ch ap te r of G enesi s u sed
, ,

i nthi s sp i r i tu al s ense wi thou t nec e s sa rily si gni fyi ng any thi n

, g
b u t the p r i ncip le or sp i r i t of a d ay ( or a c om pl e te r e v ol u ti on
Of in d e fi ni te d u r at io n) i s fu r ther e vi d en
,
t f r om the m an ner i n

w hi ch the w or d i s u s e d i n m an y oth er p as sages not only by ,

M ose s b u t by o th er sacr ed w r i ter s T hu s w e r ead i nG enesi s

, .

“
ii 4 5 Th ese ar e the g enerati ons of the h eav ens and the
.
, ,

e ar th w h en th e y w er e c r eate d i nTH E D AY tha t the L or d G od

,

m a d e t he ea rth an d the h e av en s an d e v e r y pl ant of the fi el d

, ,

e tc . H e r e the si x m i nor re v ol u ti ons or d ay s are co m p r i s ed i n

,

on e gr an d r e v ol u tionor d ay i nthe sam e w ay a s s ev e ral sm all

,

c i r cl e s o r p e r i od s m a b e co m p r ehen d ed i n on e l a r e on e
y g .

“ ”
The oc cu rr enc e of the w or d d a y i nt hi s enl ar g ed s ens e her e ,

e ffe ct u ally p r e cl u d e s the r ight of e v e r y on e to c i r c u m s c r ib e i ts

m e an i ng ne cessarily to a p er i od of tw enty fou r h ou rs a s i t oc -

cu rs i nthe p r evi ou s chap ter i nr e fer enc e to the sam e su bj e ct .

Am ong the nu m er ou s other e x a m pl es of a si m il ar u sage of

the term
“ ”
d a y w hi ch m ay b e fou nd i nother p or ti on s Of the
,

sa cr e d w r i ti n s let the follo w i n s u ffi ce for ou r p r e sen t

g , g p u r

“
p o se : And in th at da y th ere shall b e a roo t of J esse w hich
1 56 GE O L O G Y A N D M O SES .

s h all s tand as anensignof the p eopl e ; to i t sh all the Gentil es

s ee k : a n d hi s r est s hall b e glo ri ou s . And i t s hall com e to
p a s s i n that DAY , that the L or d shall s et Hi s h and agai n a
”
s e c on d ti m e t o r e cov e r the r e m nan t Of Hi s p eop l e x
.
( Isa . ].

1 0,
“ And i t sh all c om e to p ass i n th at D AY , that the
m ou n ta i n s sh all d rop d ow nn ew w i n e, a n d the hill s s h all flow
w i th m ilk
”
oel iii A n su s sa y s ,
“ A b
.
( J . d J e r aham re

se n ”
j o i c e d t o e m
y D A Y ; a d h e s a w i t,
a n d w a s
g l a d.
(t n
viii . Inne i th er of the s e p a ss ages i s i t po ss ibl e to r es tr i c t
the m ean
“ ”
i ng of the w or d d ay to the p er i od Of the d i u rnal
r evol u ti on O f the e a r th . In ca ndor , the r efor e , i t m u st b e
a ck n ow l e d g e d to b e a t l ea st e x tr e m ely p r ob abl e th a t the w or d
“d a ” i s u se d i nane qu ally enl ar e d and spi ri tu al s ens e int he
y g
e qu ally sp i r i tu a l l an g u ag e O f the fi r s t c hap te r Of G en e s i s

e sp e ci ally a s t h e re ar e s o m a n y o th e r fac ts and ci rcu m stances

to c o r r ob or ate su c h ani n t e rp r e ta ti on .

C o ns i d er i ng the si x d ay s of c r eati on, th en, as e x p r ess ing si x

p er io d s of v er y l ong d u ra tio n, le t u s i nqu i re w h ether the inci
d ents an d ch arac te r i s tics of th e se p er i od s a s d es c r ib ed b y M o s es,
b ear any si m il ar i ty to the i nci d ents i nthe p hy s i cal hi sto r y Of
ou r gl ob e , a s r e v e al e d by g eol ogi ca l s c i e n c e ; an d w h ether the
M osaic cl a ssifi cati onof p er i od s and O p er ations po sse sses tha t
e v i d en ce of tr u th fu l n e s s w hi c h co n si s ts i na con for m i ty to the
la w of the th r ee fol d and s e v enfol d co r r e sp ond ential s eri es
- -
.

Ina p r evi ou s g ener al su r v e y , r angi n g fr om th e o r igi nto the

/
fu ll m atu r i ty of ou r gl ob e, w e h av e s e enthat th er e w er e s ev en
g rand p er i od s or stage s i ni ts d ev elop m ent, as th ere a re seven
s ta e s i nthe d e v el op m en
g t an d com
p ar tm e n ts i nthe c on sti tu

ti onof all p e r fec t sy ste m s . Th e s e p er i od s, ho w e v er a re not ,

thr ou gh ou t e x ac tly co i n c i d en t w i th the p er i od s d e s cr ib ed by

M oses , i nasm u ch as the tw o d esc ri p ti ons em b r ace s u bj ects
s om ewha t di ffe r en t . Inou r g en eral g e ological su r v ey w e ha ve
 WO RK OF FIRST DAY . 1 57

e nd eavo red to u nfol d the hi sto r y of the d ev el opm ents of the

ea r th a s su ch s p ea ki n o f the v e e ta bl e an
, g g d a n i m a l c r e a ti on s

on ly i nc i d entally ; w hil e the obj ec t of M os es app ear s to h av e

b e en to sp ea k O f the su cce ss iv e organiz ati on of thos e ou ter
for m s a n d c o nd i ti ons wi th whi c h m ani s i m m ed i a tely , e i ther
s en s i b ly or s pi r i tu ally , con nec te d H ence , M ose s p as ses ov er
.

the fi rs t tw o s tag e s of c r ea ti on or the cha otic g as e ou s a n

,
-
d the
nu cl e ated s tag es, m enti one d i n ou r g ener alizati on, wi th the
s i m pl e an
“
d c o m p r ehensiv e r em a r k that Inthe b egi nni ng G od
,

”
c r eate d the h eav e n and the ear th, and com m ences hi s m ai n
d e sc r ip ti on a t an ep o ch w h en the ear th w a s p rob ably i n a
s ta t e of i m p er fe c t s u p er fi ci al con s oli d a ti on,
an d w h e n m u c h Of

the w a ter of the o ce anw as s till d i ffu se d , a s v apo r , i nthe thi c k

an d t u rbi d atm o sph er e . The e ar th i s h ence d es c r ib ed as at
”—
th at p e r i od w i th ou t for m an d v oi d that i s , w it h ou t ar r an ge
m en t, an d v a cant an d d ar k n ess w a s u p on the fa c e of t he
-

d eep .
” “ ”
Thi s d ar kness m ay b e c oncei v ed to hav e b eena
natu r al co nse q u enc e of the s tate of the atm osph e re , w hich w as
pr ob ably still s o thi c k as not to b e easily d i sti ngu i s habl e from
the fl u i d p o rt i on s of the e a r th, an d fr o m the w ater w hich r este d
u p on i ts s u rfa c e , i nw hi ch c o n d i ti oni t w ou l d , of co u rs e , h av e
b eencom pl etely i m p er vi ou s t o the s ol ar ray s . The fi r st D i
v in e op er a ti onn a tu r ally r e qu i r e d , t h e r e for e , w as to p r o d u c e

chan g es in ,
a nd p r e c ipi ta t i ons fr o m ,
th e a qu eo u s p o r tio n s of

the a tm o sp he r e , s u ch a s w ou l d a d m i t of the d es c ent of s o m e

d eg r ee of so l ar li ght to the ear th s su rfac e
’
. Thi s o p erati on
“
i s d es cr ib ed by M o se s, i nsayi ng , The Sp ir i t of G od m ov ed
u p onthe fa ce of the w at ers : an d G od sa id , L et th er e b e li gh t :
”
an d th er e w a s light . Thi s, acco r d i ng t o the a ccou nt, cons ti
t u te d the w or k of the fir s t da y An . d her e i t m ay b e r em ar k ed ,
“
o nce for all, that the ph rase, the e v ening and the m orni ng, ”

which i s u sed as the s tand i ng syno ny m of the d iflerent

'

14
1 58 GEOLOGY AN D MOSES .

”
d ay s int hi s c
a c ou nt, s e em s to s ta nd s m i ply for the b egin
ni ng and l
c os e Of the d ffe r ent i p er io d s— a u s e of l angu age
i il ar to that
s m em pl oy e d “
by u s w henw e sp ea k of the e v e or ”

“m or n ”
Of a
“ne w era .
”

It i s s ai d , t hat
“G odll ed the li ght D ay and the d ar k ness
ca ,

He ca ll e d N ight ”
In thi s p assag e the w or d s
.
“ d ay
”
an d
,
“n ”
i ght a r e p r ob ably (thou gh not necessa r i ly ) u s e d i n the ir
o r d i nar y acc ep ta tion and p oi nt to a r e v ol u ti onO f the e arth on
,

i t s a xi s a n d a su ccessi v e ill u m inati onof i ts s i d es by the s u n

, .

B u t ow i ng to the thi ck a tm osp her i c v ap or s w hi c h s till c on

ti n ne d to p r e v a il to a gr ea t e x tent the s u nw ou l d d ou b tl e ss ,

ha v e still b e en invi sibl e to a sp e ctator cou l d su ch h av e b een ,

pl ac ed u p onthe ear th s s u r fac e a nd the a m ou nt O f sol ar li ght

’
,

t hat c ou ld h av e p en e tra te d to the e ar th w a s p r ob ably m u ch ,

l e ss thani s now r ece iv e d e v enthr ou gh the thick es t and d a rk

,

e st clo u d s .

The ne x t w o r k s e e m s to h av e consi s ted i np r od u ci ng fu rth er

chan e s an d l ti n i n th a t m osp here by w hi ch a m o r e
g r eg u a o s e ,

d i stin ct l i ne of d e m a r ca tio nw as e sta bli she d b e tw e enthe w a te r s

i ntend ed to b e su sp end e d i n the a i r and those d e signed to ,

p r e s er v e a m or e cond e ns ed for m u po n the ea r th s su rface ’

.

M o se s b ei ng obli ge d to m ak e the m o st Of the few w ord s w hi ch

,

hi s p r i m i tiv e and m e ager l angu ag e affor d e d d escr ib es thi s ,

w or k by saying And G od sai d L e t ther e b e a fir m am ent i n

, ,

the m i d s t O f the w ate r s an d let i t d i v i d e the w ate r s fr om the

,

w ater s
”
.
“
H eb r ai sts t ell u s th at the w or d fir m am ent i s a
v e ry i m p r op er rend er ing of the origi nal w o rd w hi ch signifies ,
”
s i m ply an exp a n se or sp a ce ; C o nse qu ently ( sa y s D r ,
.

“
C l a r k e ) that ci r cu m b i en t sp ac eor e xp an si on sep ara ti n the
g ,

c l ou d s w hi c h ar e i n the hi he r r egi on s O f i t fr om t he s e as
, g , ,

”
e tc . w hi c h a r e b el ow i t
,
D u ri ng t he hig h t e m p er a t u r e O f
.

the ear th s su r fa ce w hich G eol ogy p r ov e s t o h av e p r e v ail ed i n

’
,
 SECOND AND T H IRD D AYS . 1 59

tho se early tim es th er e w as p r obably ev e ry i nterm e d i ate gr a

,

d ati on b etw ee nthe m os t d ens e fl u i d a nd the m ost e xp and e d

v ap or the fl u i d and ae ri for m su b s tance s havi ng no v e r y
,

m a r k e d li n e O f d i s ti ncti on W hil e s u ch w a s the ca s e the

. ci r ,
”
c u m am b i en t sp a c e su pp os e d c o u l d ha v e ha d n
,
o d i s ti nct e xi s t

en ce . A p hy si cal change w hi ch e sta bli shed the w ate r at ,

m os he re
p a n d ,
a q u e ou s v ap or a n d c l ou d s r e sp e ctiv e ly as

su ch w a s of cou r se the n ex t n e c e s sar y s t ep i nc r e a ti ons

’
ro
, p
re ss an d th i s i s all that app e ar s to b e a ll u d e d t o i nthe p as s a e
g g
b e for e u s as c onsti tu ting the w or k Of the s econd p eri od or
d ay J
’

It w a s p r ob ably d u r i ng the p e r i oa c om p r i sed w i thi n thi s

d ay that the t ransi tionr ock s b e neath the c oal m ea su r e s w er e
,

d epo si te d Thes e c ontai n the r em ai ns of ani m al s and pl ants

.

O f low t yp es w hi c h a r e al m o s t e x cl u s iv e ly m ar i n
,
e B u t to .

t he c re ati onof the s e M ose s s e em s to m a k e n

,
o allu si on w hi ch ,

fact w ill not ex ci te p ar ti cu l ar su r p r i se w h enw e co nsi d e r the i r

,

co m p ar ativ e u ni m p ortance to the g rand O bj e ct w hi ch he had in

V i ew w hich w a s s i m ply to d e sc rib e how the phy sical str u ctu r e
,

an d c ond i ti on s by which m ani s m o r e obv i ou sly su r r o u n d ed ,

c am e to e x i st .

The ne x t wo r k co nsi s ted inthe p ar ti ti onOf l an d and w a ter

or the e l e v a ti onof the for m er an e d e v e l op m en
( ) d th ,
t o f t er

r e s tri al v e e tati on
“ A nd G o d s a i d L e t t he w a te rs u n d er
g .
,

the h eav en b e gather e d tog e the r an d le t the d ry l and ap

,

p ear : and i t w as so And G od sai d L et the e ar th b r i ng

.
,

for th g ra ss the he rb yi el d i ng se ed an
,
d the fr u i t tre e yi el d
,

in f r u i t afte r hi s ki n d w hose s e e d i s i ni tsel f u p onthe e a r th :

g ,
”
an d i t w as s o Thi s w as the w or k of the thi rd gr e at p e ri od
“
.

o r d ay a n d m ani fe sts a su r p r i si ng ag r e e m ent w i th the e v ents

,

of t he p e r io d of the g r e a t C oal F or m ati on The u niv e rs al

.

p r eval ence of al m o st e xcl u sively m a r i ne and the al m o st total ,

1 60 GEOLOGY AND MOSES .

a b sence of ter r estr i a l fossil s i nthe p r evi ou sly d epo si te d r ock s

, ,

p r ov es tha t the ocean u p to thi s t i m e c ov e r ed nearly the

, ,

w hol e s u r face of the ea r th— w hi ch i s i ne x ac t a re e m e n t w i th

g
the M o sa i c r e cor d w hi ch i m pli e s t ha t the p a rt i ti onof l a n
, d an d
w a te r w a s n ot m a d e u n til tha t p e r io d B u t l a rge a r ea s of l an
. d
b ei ng then slightly e l e v ate d abov e the l e v e l of the w aters ,

th e s e as an
,
o the r str ong c o rr o b o ra ti on O f the r e co r d w ere ,

cov e red by a p r ofu se v eg eta tion whi ch su b se qu ently b edtim e

,

con v er te d i nto the i m m ense b ed s of m ine ral c o al now fou nd

t o b e s o e s sen ti al to the phy s ica l co m fo r t an d s oci al p rogr ess
of the h u m anr a c e .

The ne x t wo r k i s sp ok enof by the sacr e d co sm ogoni st in

the foll ow i n
“
g ter m s : And G od sai d L et th er e b e li ghts i n
,

the firm a m en t O f h ea v en to d ivi d e the d ay fr om t he n

,
ight ;
an d let them b e for s i gn s an d for season s an d for d ay s and
,

y ears And let th em b e for lights i nthe fir m am ent of the

.

h ea v en to giv e ligh t u p on the e arth : and i t w as s o And .

G od m a de tw o g r ea t ligh ts : th e gr eate r ligh t t o ru l e the d ay ,

an d the l ess er ligh t to ru l e the nigh t : he m ad e the s tar s

al s o .

To s u p erfi ci a l r e ad er s thi s p assag e has se em ed e xce ed i n

,
gly
p arad oxical The s u p po si tion that the s u n m o on and s ta r s
.
, , ,

ha d no e xi s tenc e u ntil the co m p ar ativ e a to m whi c h for m s thi s

ea r th had a tta i n
,
e d t o the a d v an ce d s tag e of i ts d e v el op m en t ,

p re viou sly d escrib ed i s wi th any i nterp r etati on of the w ord

, ,

d ay
”
so u n
,
philo sophi ca l and u nr eas onabl e as to u tterly
d efy in tellig en t b eli ef C r i tici sm ho w e v er has sho w n th at
.
, ,

the tran sl atio nof the p as s ag e b efor e u s d o es i n j u stice to the

,

o riginal w hi ch d o es not ne cessar ily m ean that the h eav enly

,

b od i es w er e not cr ea ted u ntil the fou rth day P r ofe ss or .

H i tchcock who i s a l earned th eol ogi an as w ell as g eologi st

, ,

sa s u p on thi s p o i n t
“ If i t b e obj ected that acco r di n g to
y ,
: ,
 WORK OF F O U RTH D AY . 1 61

M oses ,
the su oon and star s w er e not cr eated till the
n, m ,

fou r th d ay i t m ay b e r epli e d tha t a m o re j u st i n

, ,
t er p r e tati o n

of hi s l a n u a e s h o w s hi s m e an i ng to be n ot t ha t the h ea v e n ly
g g ,

b od i e s w e r e cr ea te d on the fou r th d a y b u t that th ey w e re ,

then fi rs t a pp oi n te d t o s e r v e the i r p r ese n t Ofl i ces ; a n d th at

”
the y m i gh t h a e b e eni ne xi s ten
v ce thr ou gh cou n tl e s s ag e s .

Ad m i tti ng s u ch to b e the tr u e m eani ng of the p assage w e ,

find a ga i n that the r ecor d m ar v e l ou sly c oi nci d es w i th the

, ,

i nd icati onO f g e ol ogi cal fa cts In ou r p r evi ou s su r v ey of the

.

natu ral hi s to r y of the

g l ob e w e sa w c o n
,
cl u s iv e e vi d en ce t h a t
t o the cl ose of the C o al Pe r i od a n e a r ly u n i for m t em p e r a
u
p ,

t u re p r e v ail e d u p on the Su r fac e of the ea r th i nall l ati tu d es ,

an d that the r e c ou l d ha v e b een n o d i s ti nc ti onof w ar m a n d

col d s e ason s .Thi s i s e vi d ent from the fa c t that the r ock s ,

o f th a t p e r i od i nall l ati tu d e s c on
,
ta i nthe fos s il s of pl an
,
ts a n d
an i m al s anal ogou s only t o those w hi ch now fl ou r i sh b etwfi an
the t r opi cs . It i s m an i fest tha t su ch a s tate of c li m ate c ou l d
not h av e b e eng ov e rned i n any g r ea t d eg r ee by the r ay s of
, ,

the su n w hi ch v a r y s o m u ch as to th e i r i n
, ten s i ty i nthe di f ,

fer ent l ati tu d es ; and h enc e a s r e m ar k e d i n ou r p re vi ou s

,

g ener aliz ati on the su ns r ay s d u r i ng the C oal and p re vi ou s

,
’
,

p eri od s cou l d not y e t ha v e p enetra te d the atm o sp h er e thick

, ,

an d h e a vy as i t p r ob ably w as i n su ch a w ay a s w ou l d ha v e
,

r en d er e d that l u m i nar y v i sible to a h u m an s p e c ta tor had su ch ,

an on e b e en the n pl a c e d u p onthe e ar th s s u r face

’
F o r the .

s am e r ea s on the m oon a n d s tars m u st a l so d u ri n t h os e

g ,

p er i od s hav e b een i nvi sibl e Up to that p e r iod th er efore

,
.
, ,

t he h e a v e n ly b od i e s cou l d not ha ve r u l e d the s e asons ,

e i the r a s t o the i r t e m p e ra tu r e or t h ei r d i s ti n ct p eri od i ca l

r e v ol u t i ons
; a nd a ll th e ligh t whic h co u l d h a v e d e s cen d ed
fr om them to the earth m u st ha ve b een b u t di m an d in
d i sti n ct .
1 62 GEOLOGY AND MOSES .

B u t i np r e c ed i ng pa g es it w as show n, fr om the p ecu liar m an

n er i n w hi c h the i m p r e ssio ns of fr os t m ark s the t rack s of
» -

m i g r a t or y bi r d s e tc o cc u r r e d d u ri n the eol o i cal for m ati on

‘

,
.
, g
, g g
i m m e d i ately s u c cee d i ng the C arb oni fe rou s Pe ri od ( viz the .
,

N e w Red S and s tone for m a ti on) that d i st i n ,

c ti on s of s ea s on s

an d cli m at e s m u s t thenCl e a rly ha v e e xi s ted and hence t hat ,

the s u nm u s t the nha v e e x e r te d hi s d i r e c t p o w e r u p onthe e a r th ,

w hi ch the n a s n ,
ow v ar i e d ini ts i nt ensi ty w i th the di ffe r e nt
,

p osi ti ons a s s u m e d by the ea r th d u r i ng i ts orb i tu al r e v ol u ti on .

Ana t m osp he r i c cond i ti onw hich cou l d thu s h av e a d m i tte d of a

d i r e ct d e sc e nt O f the s ol a r r ay s m u s t al so hav e r en
,
d ere d the
m oona n d s tar s d i s t i nc tlv vi s ibl e to su ch of the ea r th s tenants
’

a s ha d e y e s t o p e r c e i v e t he m ; an d i nthe se fac ts w e ha v e an
ab u n d ant v er ifi cati onof the M os ai c r e cor d a s to the w or k of ,

the fou r th da y It c ons i s te d si m ply i n thos e a t m o sp he r ic

.

cl a rifi c a ti o ns by w hi ch the su n m oon a n ,

d s ta rs w e r e ap p oi nt
,

ed or all ow e d to e x e r c i s e the O ffic e of r u li n

,
g the s ea so ns and
, ,

d i v i d i ng ti m e i nto d i s ti n c t p e r i od s .

The d i r ec t r ay s of the su n be i ng th u s a d m i tte d to the

the l a tte r c on s e qu e n tly b e c am e h a bi tabl e to
’
e ar th s s u r fa ce ,

highe r or d e r s O f li v i ng c re atu r es Ac co r d i ngly the ne x t s tag e

.
,

“ And G od sai d L e t
o f c re a ti ons p r ogr e ss i s thu s d e s c rib e d :
’
,

t he w a t er s b r i n for th a b u n d an tly t h e m ovi n c r ea t u r e tha t

g g
h ath li fe a nd fow l tha t m ay fly ab ov e the ear th i n the op en
,

fir m am ent o f hea v en And G od c r ea te d g rea t w hal e s an

. d ,

e v e r y li v i ng c r eatu r e that m ov e th w hi ch the w a t e r s b r ou ht

, g
”
fo r th a fte r thei r ki nd and e v e r y w i n
,
ge d fo w l afte r hi s ki nd .

“
S om e of the m ovi ng c rea tu re s he re sp ok e nO f as i ntr od u ced
i nto b e i ng w e r e p r ob ably w holly a qu ati c and other s w e re O f
, ,

the l ow er o r d e rs of ai r b r e a thi n an i m al s I t i s r e m a rk a bl e
g
-
.

t h a t the r em a i n s O f c l a s s e s of a n i m al s her e spok en O f fi r st ,

b egi n to app ear i n the N e w Re d S and s tone strata which i s ,

 WORK OR FI FTH D AY . 1 63

the for m at i onnex t abov e the carb oni fer o u s sy stem and w hi ch ,

m u s t ha v e b e e n su c c ee d e d a n d m ea s u rably ac com p a ni ed by
,

the cl a r ific a ti onof the at m os p he r e sp ok enof a s the w or k of,

the p r e vi ou s d a y F or i t i s i n the Re d S and stone s tra ti fi

.

cati onthat w e fin d the footp r i nts of fr og s t or toi ses and bi r d s

, ,
.

The l atter w e r e m ai nly a s Pr of ss or H i tchcoc k i nti m ate s O f

,
e
,

t he G rall ae fa m ily or the fa m ily of w a d er s a n

,
d w e r e th e r e fore
, ,

w i th the form e r i n ,
ti m a tely c on ne cte d w i th the w a te r a s the ,

M osa ic accou nt i m pli es Ther e canb e b u t li ttl e d ou b t the r e

.
,
”
for e that th e s e bi r d s w e r e the v er y
,
fow l of w hi ch M os e s
sp e ak s .

The oth er p ar t of the w o r k of thi s p er i od accor d i ng to the ,

com m ont ran s i ste d i nthe cr e a ti onof

”
sl a ti on c on , g r ea t w ha les ,

e tc. Thi s ad m i tti ng ou r d e fi ni tionOf the w ord d ay for m s “ ”

, ,

the on ly app a r ent d i sc r ep ancy b etw een g eol ogy and the
s a c r e d c o sm ogon y ; for w hal e s d o not app ear to hav e e xiSte d
b e fore a s om e w hat a d v anced stage of the s o call e d Te rti a r y -

F or m a ti on and a v e r y l ong p er i od afte r thi s ti m e

,
Bu t .

c ri tic i s m r e s ol v es e v en t hi s app a r e n t d i s cr e p a ncy i n to a s u r

p r i si ng h ar m ony D r Adam C l ar k e w ho w rote b e for e
. .
,

e ol ogy w a s m u ch c u l tiv ate d a n d h en c e wi thou t the sli ht e st

g , g
i d e a of m aking ou t a h ar m ony b e tw e eni ts t eachings and the
d e cl ar a ti ons of M ose s r em ar k s u p on the e xp re s si on i n the
,

“
p as sage b e for e u s : Th ou gh thi s i s gener ally u nd e rstood by
the d i ffe r en t v e r si ons a s si n
g i fyi ng w hal e s y e t the or i gi n
,
al

m u st bend e r stood r athe r a s a g ener a l than a p a r ti cu la r

u ,
.

”
t er m c om p r i s i n
,
g all gr ea t a qu ati c ani m al s N ow the .

”
m ar in e sa u r i a n r e a t a q u a ti c a n i m al s T he s e w i th
s w er e g .
,

a m p hibi ou s an d t er r e str i al r ep til es of e no r m ou s siz e c a m e i n ,

d u rin th e d ep os i ti on of the N e w R e d S an d s tone and e x

g ,

t en si v el ch a ra cter iz e d the w h ol e s o call e d S e con d a ry F or

y
m atio n Thu s the Mo saic accou nt of the wor k of the fi fth
.
1 64 GEOLOGY AND MOSES .

d ay , or gr and p eri od ,
is a s l o ad m i rably v erifi ed by g eol ogical
fac ts .

Ani m l
a s of the cl asses j u st b oth a cco r d i ng to
d es c rib ed ,
G eol ogy and M os es p r eceded the m or e p er fe c t l and a ni m al s
, ,

t he m am m ali a u p onthe s tag e of e xi s ten

,
ce The c r ea ti onof .

t he s e l a tte r i s s a i d to ha v e con sti tu te d the fi r s t p a r t O f the

'

w o r k o f the foll ow i n b e i n g th e s ix th d a o r p er iod w hi ch i s

g , y , ,

t hu s sp ok enof : “ And G od sa i d L e t the ear th b r i ng for th the ,

li v i ng c r ea tu r e after hi s ki nd ca ttl e and cr eeping thing and , , ,

b ea s t of the ea r th a fte r hi s ki n d : and i t w a s so And G od .

”
m ad e the b e a s t o f the e a r th an d the ca ttl e a fte r the i r ki n
,
d ,

e tc . The p r oof of the tru th of thi s p or ti onO f the a ccou nt i s

fou nd i n the r em ai ns of the m am m ali al qu ad r u p ed s of the
I e r ti a ry Pe r i od i nthe m or e r e cent p or ti ons of w hi ch w e h a ve
‘

s ho w n tha t the r e w a s ana c tu a l shad i n g Off of the ani m ated

t r ib e s i n to t he e xi s ti n g sp e ci e s M o r e ov e r the w or k of this
.
,

d ay or p e r i od b oth accor d i ng to G e ol ogy and M os e s w as

, , ,

c om pl e te d by the i n tr od u c ti on of M a n i n to b ei n g as t he ,

r an d u l ti m a tu m of a ll the c r ea tiv e e ffor ts T hen ce s o fa r as

g .
,

tha t grea t s e r i es of u n fol d i ng s w a s c on ce rn e d en su e d a p e rio d ,

o f r es t a n d t he p res e n
,
t i s tha t sab a tti c p e r i od .

The cand i d r ead e r w ho has a tt entiv ely foll ow e d m e thr ou g h

thi s i n v e s ti a ti on w ill b ear wi tn e ss th at l h a v e m ad e n o effo r t
g ,

t o e xpl ain a w a y or to chan , g e the tr u e a sp e c t o f p rop e ly r

u n d e rs tood f a c ts i n or d er t o m ak e ou t a cor r e sp ond enc e

,

b etw e enthe teaching of s c i enc e and those of M oses b u t that ,

I ha v e lab or e d t o s i m ply set for th the facts of the tw o r e v e

lati ons i nthe i r tru e asp ec t l ea vi ng th e m to confi r m or r e fu te
,

ea ch other as t hey m i ht T h e coi n c i d en c e b e tw e enthe t w o

g .

r e v el ati on s ther e for e w hi ch from

, ,
gener al s to p ar ti cu l ar s has
, ,

h er e ap p ear ed s o s tri king i s one for w hi ch no hu m ancoll ator

,

is r esp on s ibl e as i t e xi sts i n d epe n d en tly an d un al terably i n .

,
 D I V I N E E N L I G HTE N M E N T . 1 65

the a b s ol u te fa cts of the case All th at i s r e qu i r ed to e xhibi t

.

on e r e v el a ti ona s a su b s ta n ti al tr an s cr i p t of the oth e r i s ana d ,

“
’

”
m i ss io n th a t the w or d d ay i s u s ed by M oses inthe sense
d efini te p e r io d— a s ense i nw hich i t i s u se d ins c or e s
'

of an i n

of i n stan ce s i nthe Bibl e an ,

d a se n se i nwhi ch M o se s u n qesu

ti on a bl
y u s e d i t i n G e n ii .4 . wh er e,
i n ,
a m or e s u m m a r y

a ll u s i on to thes e s am e w ork s of c r eati on he sp ea k s o f

“ THE
,

DAY that the L ord G od m ad e the ear th and the heav ens .

As i t i s ne x t to ani m po ssibili ty to su ppo se that all th ese

s u rp r i s i n co i nc i d e nc e s c ou l d h a v e b een a m er e w or k of
g
chan c e the co n
,
cl u si on i s scar cely avoi d abl e that the accou nt ,

i nthe fi rs t ch a p te r of G enes i s by w hom soe v er w r i tten m u s t

, ,

h av e or igi nated i na s o u r ce of i ntelli gence i nw hi ch a g ener al

k now l e dge of the w hol e hi story of the c reati onw a s fam ili arly
e m b r ace d .

It i s qu i te c er tai n h ow ev er th at M os es k
, ,
ne w no thi ng at ,

l e as t i n an e x te ri or w ay ab ou t G e ol ogy ; for of thi s s ci ence

,

the w hol e hu m anr ace has b e en ign or an t un til w i thi nthe l ast

c en tu r y I app reh end tha t nothi ng shor t of anhypoth e si s of

.

a spi r i tu al o r D ivi n e en ligh tenm ent w ill b e fou nd a d e qu ate t o

,

e xpl a i n the o r i i n of thi s bibli ca l a n d w on d e f lly acc a te

g r u u r

a cc o u n t o f c r e a ti on C o n . ce rn in g th e la w s of su c h e n li g h t e n
m en t s om e e x pl an
, ation s m a
y b e su b m i tte d i na fu tu r e w or k .

I hav e d e e m e d i t u sefu l to Sh ow i nthi s su m m ary m anne r

, ,

the t r u e b e a r i n g s of
g e ol o i cal s c i e n
g c e u p on th e i ni ti a l r e v el a

t i onof the Bibl e p ar tly to corr e c t a te n

,
d ency w hi c h s tr an , g e

t o sa y ha s b ee nm an
,
i fe ste d i nthe m od e rnsp i r i tu a l m od e of
p hil osophizi ng to tr ea t li ghtly thi s and oth er r ev el ati ons of
,

t he Bibl e ona cc ou n , t of the supp os e d u n r og r essed

p s t a t e o f
the i r w r i t e rs ; p a r tly fo r the p u r p o s e of fu r the r ill u s t r a ti n g th e

fac t tha t all t r u e theol ogy and othe r sp ec i es of d octr i ne

, ,

w h eth e r fou n d i nthe Bibl e or e l sew h e r e m u st con ,

fo r m to the
1 66 G EO L O G Y AN D MO SE S .

u na v oi d abl e d e d u cti ons of s ci entific facts ; and p a rtly for the

p u r po se O f fu rthe r u nfol d ing that r em ark abl e law Of the t hre e
fol d a nd s ev e nfol d c or r e sp on -
d enti al s er i es w hi ch r u ns thr ou gh ,

all com pl e te s y ste m s of t ru th, an d of w hi c h the M osa i c g e ne

r a li ra t ion p r op e r ly u n
,
d e r stood , affor d s a c onspi cu ou s e x am pl e .

Th at the s e v enfol d s e ri es O f c r eativ e op er ati ons h er e sp ok en

-

Of b t he s ac r e d w r i t e r , e x actly c on fo r m s to the n a t u ral a n d

y
D i v i ne law O f s e r e al a r ra ng e m ent w hi ch w e hav e h e r e tofor e
u n fol d e d , i s O b v i ou s fr om the c or r e sp ond ence s b e tw e e n the
r e s p e ct iv e m e m b e rs of i ts Pr i m a r y an d S e cond a r y Tr i ni ti e s ,
w hi ch w ill b e p e r c e iv e d by a n i n sp ec ti on of the foll ow i n
g
j u x tap ose d c ol u m ns, and from the char acter i s tics of the r el a
t i on s w hi ch e a c h m em b er of the s e r i e s, fr om fi r s t t o l a s t , ex
hib i ts t ow ar d the other s , w hi ch w ill b e fou nd to b e the s am e
w hi ch the s a m e m e m b er s i n other s e r i e s e s r e sp e c tiv ely b ear

t ow ar d the ir a ss oc a te s i .

P RI M A R Y TR INI TY . S E C ON D A R Y TR INI TY .

Ist D ay . D i ff u s ed a nd ru di m e nta l 4 th D ay . D e fi ni te so ar l
L i g ht (b y
L i g ht : God sa i d , L e t t h er e th e su nb ecom ing v i s ib le ) .

l
b e i gh t
”
)
2u d D ay . Atm osp h er i c a nd te r r e s 5 th D ay Hi gh er . a nd fi r st i m p or
tr i al d i s ti nc ti ons or m or e d efin , t ant for m s of oc ea ni c , t e r r es
i te l i ne of d em a r c a ti on b e tw e en tr i a l , a nd a tm os ph er i c l i fe .

co nd ens e d nd
a va p or y w a ter . G r ea t Wha l es ”
or a qt
u a

Fir m am ent . ic m o ns ter s s au r i a ns a nd

3 r d D ay . Appear anc e of d r y l and ; 6 th D ay U lti m a te Tena nts of

.

t er r es tr i a l v eg e ta ti o n . d r y a nd (M a m m a li al u a d r u
l . q
p e d s a nd M a n) .

7 th D ay . RE S T , a nd D i v i ne h a b i tati oni nth e Ul ti m a te of th e c r e a ti v e

l a b or .

H e re p ond enc e b e tw eenth e w or k s O f th e fir ist and

the c or r e s

u r th d ay s or p e r i o d s i s p er cep tibl e a t a gl anc e i nthat the y

f o , , ,

f d f er ent d eg r ees O f ill u m i n atio n of the e a r th s

’
con s i te d O
s z
 C OR RES POND EN CE S . 1 67

s u rfac e . cor r e spond enc e b et w e enthe w or k s of the second

The
an d fif th d ay s i s O bvi ou s b u t b e com e s s till m o r e m a r k e d by
,

the a dd i ti on of a fe w fa c ts w hi ch M ose s i n hi s b r i ef su r v e y , ,

l eft ou t b u t w hi ch a r e su ppli e d by geol ogi cal s ci ence The

,
.

s econ d d ay accor d i ng to M os e s w a s cha r ac te r iz e d by the d e

, ,

v elop m e n t of m or e m a r k e d d i s ti n c ti on s b e tw ee ne a r th w a t er
, ,

an d a tm osp he r e exp r e s s ed by the c r eati on of the

,
firm a ~

”
m en t o r the s u p e r te r r e s tr i al e xp an s e ; w hil e g e ol o y sho w s
g
-

tha t the fi d w a s cha r a cte r iz e d by the d e v el op m en

f th a y t O f a

secon d d eg r ee of s i m il ar d i sti n c ti on s w h er eby a l te r n a ti on ,

s of

cli m a te s a n d s e a s ons c ol d an d h ea t r am s wi nd s e tc s u p er
, , , ,
.
,

v ene d M ore ov e r the fifth d a y ac cor d i ng to the bi b li cal

.
, ,

a c cou n t w a s char a c te r iz e d by the d e v e l op m e n

,
t of r u di m enta l

la nd a nd a er i a l ani m al s w hil e a cc or d i n g to g e
, o l o
g y t he ,

s econ d d ay a fte r the i ncipi en

,
t c r e ati onO f lig ht w a s fu r ther oc ,

c u p i e d by the c r e a ti on O f the r u d i m en ta l m a r i ne an i m al s or ,

t he r a d i a ta a r ti c u l a ta m oll u s ca an
, ,
d fi she s of the s o call e d
,
-

Tr ans i ti onF or m ati on The c r e ati on of th ese M os es p a s s es

.
,

ov e r i n s il e n c e the r e as on of w hi c h m a b e co nc e iv e d to c on
, y
s i s t i nth e i r c om p a r ativ e n oni m p or tan ce and i nthe fact that
-

i nthat u ni ntell e c tu al age the y w er e n ot a s fa c ts i n n

, atu r e , ,

s u ffi ci en tly c on s pic u ou s to e xci te g en e r al i n qu i r y as to th e i r

o r i gi n .

F u r the r c or r e sp ond enc e s ar e al s o d ev el op e d by the a i d of ,

e o l i al s ci en c e b e tw e e nthe thi r d a n d i th d y b t n
g o
g c ,
s x a s u c o ,

c e rn i ng the s e I ne e d not p ar ti cu l ar iz e
If the r e a d e r w ill now t ak e the tr o u bl e to com p a re the m em
b er s O f thi s s er i es O f cr ea ti ons a s d e scr ib ed by M os e s w i th the ,

m e m b e r s O f a n s ev enfol d s e r i e s of c r ea ti on p t i on
y s o r o e r a s
-

w hi ch w e ha v e her e tofor e d es cr ib e d or w hi ch w e m a d e s cr ib e
y ,

he r eafte r he w ill find that ea ch m em ber i s to i ts ser i es w ha t

,

the sa m e m em ber o n
f y a o ther na tu r a l sev enfold ser i es i s to the
1 68 GEOLOGY AN D MOSES .

other m em ber s wi th w hi ch i t i s associ a ted , a nd tha t betw eenthi s

a nd a ll other ser i eses ther e i s the sa m e corr esp ondence as ther e

i s b etw eena ny tw o octa v es i nm u si c . It i s, b e i t r em e m b er e d ,

u p on the fa ct of thi s corr espond ence b etw e en the seri ese s ,

w he ther g ene rally or m i nu tely i nsp e cte d that w e b ase ou r ,

’

c on cl u s i on as t o the u n i ty O f p l anwhich ru ns th rou gh natu r e ,

p oi nti ng to a n ori gi n i n the s e v enfol d and corresp ond i ng -

ha rm oni c s of the one In fini te G od w ho fr o m Hi s ow nEs , ,

se n c e has p roj e c te d fr om Hi s ow nL ife an

, ,
i m ates and from , ,

Hi s ow nWi sd om d i r e cts all thi ng s It i s i np e r fe c t ha rm ony

, ,
.

w i th thi s su pp os i tio nof a D ivi n e o r igi n a tiv e a n d contr olli ng

P ow e r t ha t M ose s i nthe s i m pl e a nd u ntec hni ca l l an
, , g u ag e O f

hi s ti m e s r e fe r s the wo r k O f e ach Of the su cc essiv e p er i od s of

,

c r ea ti onto a D i v i n e ag en cy an d not to a n for ce of d e v e l o

, y p
m en t in her i ng i nnatu r e a s i ndep endent O f G od .

I m a y a d d that i f the r e ac tu ally i s a p er fe c t conform i ty

, ,

fr o m g eneral s to p ar ti cu l ars b e tw eenthe p r i nc ipl es i n,

v olved
i n thi s se v enfol d se ri es of op er ati on
-
s m en ti on e d by M o s es ,

an d tho se i n v olved i n e v ery o th er s e venfol d na tu ral or -

S pi r i tu a l s e r i e s w h e th er i t b e fou n
,
d i nsci ence or i nthe Bibl e ,

thi s fa ct m us t b e co n si d e r e d as s tr on gly confirm i ng not to ,

sa ab s ol u t ely d e m on str a ti n g ou r co n c l u s i on t h a t the r e i s a

y ,

m ig hty la w h er e i nv olv ed an d m u st g o fa r to c onv i nce

,

r e a son abl e s k ep tic s of the tr u th of a t l ea s t th os e po r tion ,

s of
,

the Biblica l r e v el atio nwhich a r e fo u n

, d to cl early r e cogn ize
that law . Yet fr om a clo se insp ec ti onO f the sac re d w r i ti ngs
, ,

i t w ill b e fou n d t hat thi s law i s n ot on ly e xp r essly r e cog niz ed

inn u m er ou s i n sta nces b u t that i t ru ns th ro u gh the w h ol e
,

D ivi ne pl ans O f o p eration i n r e fer ence to the h u m an r a ce

, ,

of which the B ibl e giv e s anhi sto r ical an d p r Op heti c r e fl ex .

 C H A P TE R X I V
TH E M I NE RAL K I N G D O M ; O R ; K I N G D OM OF C HE M I CA L
F ORMS .

F O
R M the t err e s tr i al c re ation as ,
a wh ol e ,
w e p r oceed to a

b ri e f c onsi d e r ati on O f the gene r al s u b cr eati ons w hi ch i t -

“
i nv olv es The fi rst O f the s e i s the M INERAL KIN GD O M
. .

The M i ner a l Ki ngd om i n i ts m os t e n l a rged Sense em

, ,

b races all phy si cal or ter r e s tr i al su b stance s w i th thei r v a r i ou s ,

for m s and c om p ou nd s B ei ng thu s g eneral i ni ts range i t i s

.
,

h enc e a com p ar a tiv ely i ndefini te Ki ngd om ; and i t i s for thi s

r ea s on I su pp os e tha t I h a v e e xp e r i e n
, ,-
ce d m or e e m b a rr a s s

m en t i n r e d u ci ng i t to d i s tinc t c l as sifi cati ons thanI h av e i n ,

r e sp ect t o an othe r sy s tem Of b ei ng or O p e r ati on; an d a fter

y ,

all I canon
,
ly p r etend to a com p arativ ely c l os e app roxi m ati on
t o c or re ctn e s s in m y con c l u s i ons S u ch an ap p r oxi m ati on .
,

e m b r ac i ng the m ost com p r ehensi v e se ri al a r r angem ent of phy

si cal su b stan ces i s th a t e xhibi te d i nthe foll ow i n
,
g tabl e
P R I M AR Y TR INI TY . S EC O ND A R Y TR INI TY .

1 . P r im ev a l gaseou s or m u nd ane 4 . S econd a r y g a seou s or t er r es

ch a os .
tr i a l a tm os phe re .

2 . I gneou s l i qu id . 5 . S egr eg a ted , em b r ac i ng ru di

m e ntal c r y s ta ll i ne form s b oth
s oli d a nd a tm osph er i c .

3 . Soli d ified am or pho u s . 6 . C om pl ete m a t er i a l ar r a ng e

m e nts a nd u l ti m ate c r y sta l
l ine for m s .

7 . G ov er ni ng i m p ond er a bl es .

15
1 70 TH E MINERAL KINGDOM ; OR ,

If the lly i nsp ect thi s tabl e he w ill h ere

r ead e r w ill ca r e fu ,

fi nd the s am e harm on y of p ar ts the sam e c orr esp ond enc e b e ,

t w e en Pr i m a r y an d S e cond ar y T r i n i ti e s the s a m e or d er O f ,

r el a ti ons an d the sam e p r i nc ipl e s of s e ri al a ss oci ati on w hi c h

, ,

he w ill find i n all o ther natu ral s e v enfol d s er i e se s h er etofor e -

e x hibi te d o r h e r e a fter t o b e e x hibi te d

,
.

I
-

B u t a s till m o r e sp ec ifi c cl a ssifi ca ti onof m i n e ral or

py
h si ce l

s u b s t anc es e m b r ac es all the si m pl e el e m en ts w i th the i r ,

na tu r a l co m p ou nd for m s a s k now n to ch em i str y— a s w ill b e ,

s e e nby the foll ow i n g tabl e

P RI M A R Y TR I N I TY . S EC O ND A R Y TR INI TY
1 . Al k l i bla za e a nd ox i d i z a bl e 4 . L ow est com bi ned for m s ( su ch
si mp les ( su ch as P ota ssi u m , as a l k a l i es , a ci d s , o x id es , su l
s od i u m , i r on l ea d hy d r ogen, b u r ets
, , p hu r e ts , c a r , e tc .
)
e tc .
)
2 . Ac i di z ab le si m pl es ( s u ch as 5 . B i na r y c om pou nd s ( s u ch as
su lph u r ph osph or u s , , c ar b on
, su l ph a tes , c a r b ona tes e tc ) , .

e tc )
k
.

3 . F lagr a tor s , or a l ali z er s , ac i d 6 . Hi gh er a nd u l ti m ate c om

i fie r s , a nd ox i d i z er s o ( ox yg e n p ou nds .

a nd ne ) ch or i l .

7 P er v adi ng a nd env e l opi ng elec tr oi d or eth er oid u ni t

. , , as a h om o

g en eo u s i nv ol u ti ona nd ev ol u ti onof a ll for m s .

B u t the M i ner al Ki ng d om
com m only co nte m pl a te d i s ,
as ,

c i rc u m s cr ib e d to the r ea l m O f c r y s talliz e d form s an d the ,

a m or phou s s u b s tan ces fr om w hi ch the se i m m e d i a tely p r oce e d .

A theor y O f a se p ti na ry a r r ange m ent O f the M i ne ra l Ki ng

d om a s vi e w e d i n thi s a sp e c t m i gh t b e he r e s u b m i tte d b u t
, , , ,

from not ha v i ng m ad e c r y stalogr ap hy a p a r ti cu l a r b r anch of

s tu d y I ha v e not su ffi ci ent c onfid e nc e i n i ts c onfor m i ty t o
,

natUr e and w ill th er e for e om i t i t Enou gh h ow e v e r has

,
.
, ,

b e en s ai d t o Show that the M i ner al Ki ngd om i n i ts m or e ,

g ene ral a sp ect co nform s to the s ev enfol d s eri al a nd corre

,
-
 KINGDOM OF O II E M I O A L FORMS . 1 71

s
pond enti al law n to apply i n oth er cases and no thing i s
s ee

h er e d i scov ere d to m ar, b u t e v er y thing ill u str ates the har

,

m on y and u ni ty Of the g reat p l an of cr eati on Wi th these

.

r em a rk s th en w e will p r oc ee d to con
, ,
s i d er the Ki n g d o m Of
for m s i m m ed i ately su cceed ing the m i n eral , i n the o r d er of

d ev el op m en t.
 C H A P TE R X V
TH E V E GE T A B L E K I N G D OM .

TH E v enfol d consti tu ti onof the Vegetabl e King dom as a

se -

wh ol e i s ill u s tra te d by the s ev e np rog re s s iv e d e v el op m ents i n

,

the g r ow th of a s i n g l e p e r fe c t t r e e w hi c h c o n
,
s i s t O f 1 T h e .

r oot or li ttl e app en

,
d age s thr ow nou t fr om the ge r m b e for e the
s tem app ea r s ; 2 The s i m pl e s te m ; 3 The b r an
. . che s ; 4 The .

l e av e s ; 5 The fl ow e r b u d s ; 6 The bl oss om s ; and 7 The

.
-
. .

fr u i t
. The s e v en c or r e sp ond i ng d ivi s i ons of v eg e tabl e for m s
m a y b e tr ac e d a s foll o w s

The fir s t and l ow e s t of the s e c ons i sts si m ply O f c onfu s e d

r a d i cal fib e r s w hi ch d o n
,
ot n e ce s s a r ily a pp e a r ab ov e the su r

face O f the ea r th Inc ons ti tu ti on thi s d egr e e O f v e g e tati oni s

.
,

b u t li ttl e su p e r i or to the fi nes t for m s O f c r y s talliz a ti on fr om ,

w hich i t d i ffe r s p r i ncip ally i nr esp e ct t o i ts s oft a nd su ccu l ent

natu r e the fr e q u e nt c u r vili near d i r e c ti ons of i ts fib e r s and the
, ,

c i r c u l a r for m s O f the i r t r an s v e rs e s e c t i ons O f thi s l ow e st

.

ki nd O f v ege ta ti on w e ha v e ex am pl e s i nthe sli m y a c c r eti ons

,

w hi ch o c c u r u p on the s u r fac e s O f r ock s l ogs e tc ,

s u b m er ed
, g .
,

i nw a t er ; and O f w hi ch the fib r ou s u nd e rgr ou nd m ou l d w hi ch

oc cu rs i nw a r m w e t s oil i m p r e g n
,
ate d w i th r api d ly d e c om p os

i ng m att er c ons ti tu te s the te r r e s tr i al r ep r e s e nt a t i v e

,
.

The second d i v i s i on O f v eg e tabl e fo r m s i s r ep re s ente d by

pl ants that hav e a s i m pl e s te m or shoot p r oj e c ti ng a b ove the
e ar th ,
b u t no b ranche s no r l e av e s .O f these s om e of the ,

s i m pl est sp e ci e s of se a w ee d s a ffo r d e x am pl es
- .
 TH E V E G E T A B LE K INGDOM .
“
1 73

The thi r d d i v i s i on c onsi s ts of the br a nchi ng f orm s of s ea

p lants ,
Of w hi ch the fu pl e
coi des a ffor d a nex a m .

The fou r th d i v i si on consi s ts O f te r r es tr i al h e rb ac ea w hi c h ,

a re cha r a c te riz e d by fu lly d e v e l op e d l e av e s B u t the lo w e r ’

.

fo m s O f thi s gene r a l d i v i s i on al s o e m b r a ce li ch ens m os ses

r , ,

fu n gi e t
,
c .

The fif th d ivi si on c onsi s ts of ar b oresc en t c ryp toga m i a or ,

o f thos e p er e n ni al pl ants i nwhi ch the o r g ans of fr u eti ficati on

a r e c onc e al e d .

The si x th d ivi si oncons i s ts O f the ar bo r esc en t m on ocotyl e d on

ou s or of those fl ow e r i n t r e e s w h os e s e e d ha s b u t on e l ob e an d
, g
The sev enth d ivi s i onc ons i s ts of the a r b or es c ent d i cotyle d o
nou s O r Of thos e fl ow e ri ng tr e e s w hos e se e d s ha v e tw o l ob es
, ,

an d w hi ch ar e t he m os t p er fec t for m s of the v e g e tabl e ki n g

d om .

Thi s com p r eh ensiv e cl assifi cati on thou gh new i s i nacco r d , ,

an c e w i th the ge n e al o r d er of s u cc e ss i on i nv e e tabl e c r e a
r
g
t i on s as in d i c a te d i n fossil ol ogy and i s the r e for e natu r al ,
.

Each one of the s e d ivi s i ons of c ou r s e i s s u bj ec t to su b cl a s s i

, ,
-

fica ti ons w hi ch s om e ti m e s ru n p ar all el w i th e ach other ; b u t

,
O

an her ba ceou s an d a r bor escent p l ant w hi ch p osse ss the s am e

nu m b er O f s tam i ne pi stil s or c o tyl e d ons e vi d e ntly shou l d not
/
, , ,

s i m ply ontha t a ccou nt b e pl ac e d i nab sol u tely the sa m e cl ass

,

or or d e r .

That i t m ay the m or e cl early b e p er ceiv e d that thi s classifi

cati onc onfor m s t o the se r i al and corr e sp ond e nti al law h er eto
for e u nfol d e d w e w ill r e d u ce i t t o the foll ow i ng for m
'

P R I M AR Y TR INI TY . S E C ON D A R Y TRINI TY
(M ari ne f or m s .
) ( Te r r es tr i a l f or ms .
)
1 Ra d i c al
. fi b er . 4 Ter r estr i al h er b ac e a ( leafing
. .
)
2 Si m p l e s tem
. . 5 Ar b or e scent cr y tog am i a
. p .

3 Br an
. chi n g . Fl ow er i ng m onocoty l ed onou s
6 . .

7 F . low er i ng di coty l ed onou s .

1 74 TH E V E G E TA B L E K IN G DO M .

H ere i t i s s ee n tha t the fi r s t m em ber O f the Pr i m ar y Tr i n

i ty the r ad ical fib e r or the r oo t p r i ncipl e s o to s p eak O f
, , ,

v ege ta ti on has i ts cou nterp ar t and su b corr e sp ond ent i nthe

,
-

fi r st m em b e r of the S e co ndar y Tr i ni ty i nthe le afing pl ants

,

l ea v es b e i ng m erely a er i a l r oots The s e co nd m e m b er Of the

.

Pr i m ar y Tr i ni ty cons i sti ng of pl ants wi th a s i m pl e s tem ha s

, ,

i ts cou nte r p art and s u b c or r e spo n

-
d ent i n the s e c ond m em b e r
of the S e c on d a r y T r i ni ty— the or gan s of fr u c ti fica ti on i nthe

c r yp tog am ou s pl a n ts b e i n g connecte d w i th the l eav e s and ,

b eing m e r e she e ts fr om them as fr om a r o ot C o ns i d eri ng .

t he cryp to gam ou s pl an t s i nthe V e g e tabl e Ki n g d o m as a w hol e ,

as co r r e sp on din g t o t he fl o w e r-
b u d s o f a s i ng l e t r e e t
,
h e t h i rd

m em b e r o f the S e c o n d a r y Tr i n i ty sh ow ing the br a nchi ng s

,

fr om the fl ow e r b u d s a s fiom a stem

-
,
'

b ear s a cer tain co rr e

,

s on d ence t o th e thi r d m e m b e r Of the Pr i m a r y T r i n i ty em

p ,

b rac i ng m er ely the br a nchi ng for m s O f v eg e ta tion The sev enth ,

m em b er i s n ot on ly Of a m ore p er fe ct or gani c s tru ctu re b u t ,

i t em b r aces a ll the m ore p er fec t f r u i t bea r i n tr ees hi c h a ffo rd

g w
-

nou r i sh m ent to hi ghe r ki ng d om s and ther e for e i t m ay b e con

,

s i d e r e d a s the c r ow nO f the w h ol e V eg e tabl e Ki n gd om It i s.

thu s s eentha t the g ran d and n at u r al d i v i si on s o f the V egeta

b le W or l d confor m t o the sep ten

,
ar y an d tern ar y se r i a l la w ;

an d i ts co m p l e te s er i e s will b e fou n d on co m p ari s on to co r r e

, ,

sp e n d g en e r ally a n d p ar ticu l arly wi th all o th er co m p l ete s er i e s .

 C H A P TE R X VI .

T HE AN I MAL K I N G D OM .

TH E Ani m l Ki ngd om foll ow s a s nex t i n the o r d er of p ro

a

r e s si on a fter the V eg e tabl e Ki n d o m It d iv i i n i nth i

g , g s s o s e r .
,

r e u l a r or d e r of a s c e n
g s i onfr om l o w e s t t o hi gh e st a nd a ls o , ,

en e r ally sp ea ki ng i n r e sp e ct to thei r s u cc e s s ive p er i od s of

g ,

d e v el op m ent a s s ho w nby fossil ol ogy a r e a s foll ow s ,

P RI M A R Y TR INI TY . S E C O ND AR Y TR INI TY .

( M a r i ne f or m s ) .
( Ter r es tr i a l f or m s ) .

1 RA D I A T A ( c or a l i ns ec ts cr i noi
.
,
4 RE P T I L E S
.
( Th e l ow er for m s
.

di ans s tar heh es

,
-
m e d u si ee
, ,
of th i s d i v i si onem b r a ce a l s o th e

e tc ) . ter r es tr i a l m o ll u sc a and ar ti cu
l a ta , su c h a s sn ai l s w or m s i n
, ,

sec ts , e tc .
)
2 AR T I C U L A T A
.
( s ea - w orm s , tr ilo 5 B IR DS
. .

b i tes cr a b s l ob ster s etc )

, , , .

3 . VE R T E B R A T E D F I H E S S . 6 M AM
. M AL IA .

7 MAN
. as a ter r es tr i a l b eing .

IN thi s tabl e p r esente d thr e e gener al d ivi si ons of m a

ar e r e

rin e for m s an d th re e gene r a l d i v i si ons of t e r r e s tr i al for m s

,
.

The fi r st d ivi s i onof m a r i ne form s i s to i ts sphe r e of e xi s t enc e

an d to the d i v i si ons of m a r i ne form s w hi ch foll ow i t w hat the ,

fi r st d i v i si on of terr e s tr i al form s i s to i ts sp her e O f e xi stence ,

an d to the d i v i si ons w hi ch foll ow i t ; and s o a l s o the one tr i ne

i ni ts sp her e c or r esp ond s t o the o the r tr i ne i ni ts sp her e b oth ,

i nthe c o m pl ex and i nthe s u cc e s s iv e d ivi sions of each .

It m ay b e obj e cted to the fo regoi ng cl assi fi catio n th at i t ,

1 76 TH E ANIMAL K INGDOM .

l eav es ou t one i m p or tant d ivi s i onof the ani m al ki ng d o m v iz ,

.
,

the M ollu sca To thi s i t m ay b e r epli e d that the M oll u sca

.
, ,

e sp ec i ally i ni ts l ow e r form s s e e m t o b e b u t a hi gher b r an

,
ch ,

O f the R a d i a ta S om e of the l o w er or u ni v al v e shell fish

.
-

r ow i nc l u s te rs o r u ni t e d c o m p a r tm e n ts al m os t a s on e an i
g , ,

m al a n ,
d i n t hi s e ss enti al cha r ac ter i s ti c ar e s om e w h a t alli ed
t o the p olip i a r i a w hi ch com p r i s e s on
,
e cl ass of the R a d i a ta .

Thi s qu ali ty O f gr ow i ng i n cl u s te r s or conne cted com p ar t ,

m en ts i s p r e s e r v e d e v en by s om e of t he biv a lv e s s u c h a s
, ,

m u s cl e s oy s ter s e tc
,
The d etache d bi v alv e s h avi ng locom o
,
.
,

tiv e p ow e r s se em t o b e ana scen s i onfr om th e s e n e s till

'

, ; a d th
highe r or d e rs of m oll u s ca v iz the g astr op oda a nd c ephal o
,
.
,

p o da s eem t o b e b u t hi gher r ep r e s enta tions of the sam e sy s

,

t em of c r e a tiv e d e si gn w hi ch a s i ts lo w e s t e x p r e s s i on e v olv e d
, , ,

the p olip i ar i a an d c ri noi d s .

I h a v e p e r sonally O b s e r v ed th a t the w hilk w hi ch i s am ong ,

the hi ghe r o r d er s O f S he ll fish p r op aga te s thr ou gh the m e d i u m

-

O f a z oo h i ti c or v e e ta bl e lik e for m w i th a n a ttach e d s te m

'

p g
-

, , , ,

an d c ontai ni ng l eaf lik e a pp end age s or p od s i n w hi c h the

-

y ou ng a r e b r ou ght to foetal m atu ri ty The Rad i a ta and M ol .

l u s ca the r e fore ; m ay b e consi d er e d a s com p r e he nd e d i n one

,

g ener al d i v i s i onof the Ani m al Ki ngd om w hi ch d ivi s i on how , ,

ever s hou l d p e r ha p s b e d e si n a te d by s o m e t erm f

, g O m or e

c om p r ehens ive si gnifi cance .

It i s thu s s e e n tha t the Ani m al Ki ngd om c onfor m s to the

,

s am e s e r i a l an d c orr e sp ond e nti al la w w hi c h w e ha v e s e enr u n

ni ng throu gh all sy s t em s O f c r eati onp r evi ou sly c ont e m pl a te d ,

an d w hi ch w e w ill h e r e after p e r c e iv e r u ns e qu ally throu gh s till

hi gher d e v el op m ents And w i th thi s as the hi ghe st sy s te m
.
,

of m a ter i al c r e a ti on ou r m o r e s ec c cl a ss ifi ca ti on
, p ifi s of t h e

gr and d ep artm ents of the u niv erse wi tho u t u s i s com p l e ted , .

 C H A P TE R X V I I .

THE WHO LE AN D I TS P AR T S .

W E h av e thu nd ed , thr ou gh p r ogr e ssiv e s tag es of oh

s a s ce

s er v ati on a n d i nd u c ti on, fr om the b a s i s to the ap e x O f the

g r and py r am i d of ou ter c reati on F rom the c om m and ing
.

p osi ti ont o w hi ch w e h av e a ttai ne d th e r e for e , i t i s p r op er to

ta k e a gen e r a l su r v e y O f the g r ou n d o v e r w hi c h w e h a v e
p a ss ed , and to O b s er v e any g ener a l or p ar ticu l ar fa c ts w hi ch
m a t h e nc e p r e sent th em s elv es , a s b e a r i ng f v o ably o r o t he r
y ,
a r

wi s e , u p on the c oncl u s i ons to whi ch w e hav e b een led , or as

r efl e c ti n g light u p ons till u l ter io r tru ths .

And fi r st, a r em ar k i nr efe r enc e to the m etho d and o r d er

of o u r p r e v i o u s I n v e sti gati ons : It w ill b e r em em b er ed th a t
w e c om m en c ed wi th the O b ser v ation O f sens i bl e fa cts, w hich
li e u p onthe ex ter i or s of N a tu r e and p r oceed ed to tr ace th e m
‘

an aly ti cally tO thei r el em en t s an d o r igi nativ e cond i ti ons, an d

’

thos e t o thei r s, u n til w e a r r iv e d at the p r i m e v al an d com

m onch aoti c G erm from w hi ch all thi ng s, by d i fferen t r am ifi
cati ons, sp r ang The natu r e and p r o pr i e ty Of the r ev er se p ro
.

c es s w hi ch w e th ence p u rsu e d , w i th the natu ral nes s of the

or der of su ccessiv e r esu l ts to whi ch i t led u s ,
m a
y b e ill u str ated
as foll ow s :
The a str ono m er he av ens a fai nt whi ti sh
d i s c er ns inthe d i s tant
spo t w hi ch he ca ll s a n
,
eb u l a To the nak e d ey e i t app ear s
.
,

d im ind i sti nc t an
, d un
,
d e fined He app li es a t el escop e O f
.

m o d erate p ow er an d the ou tli nes of the sam e O bj ect are a

,
1 78 TH E WHOLE AND I TS P A R TS .

li ttl e m o r e d efi ned Wi th a s till l ar g er tel e sc op e i t ap p ear s

.
,

s till m or e d e fi n i te ; and so he g oe s on i ncr easi ng his Op ti ca l

p ow er u ntil the s am e O bj e ct i s r e solv e d i nto m y r i a d s Of m i
,

nu te star s w hi ch ap p ear lik e p a rticl es Of d i am ond d u st sp r ink l e d

,

u p onthe bl u e c on ca v e By ano th er i ncrea se o p ow er th es e

.

f ,

s ta r s a r e m a d e to e xhi bi t app ea r an ce s of i n te rn al s y s t e m at i c

a r r an g em ent Thi s i s a s far a s the m o st p ow er fu l tel e scop es “

will go ; b u t su p po se th at he ha d the abili ty to au g m ent hi s

op tic al p ow er i n d e fi ni tely ; each of the s e sta r s w hi ch a t fi rs t ,

app ear e d o n ly as a s hini ng p oi nt m ay soonb e m ad e t o gl ow

,

a s a r e s p l en d ent su n r ev eali ng a m u l ti tu d e O f pl an
,
e ts s w i m

m in g inthe s ea of li gh t by w hi ch i t i s su rr o u nd e d He now .

s in l es ou t on e o f t h o s e pl an e t a y gl o b e as t he sp e ci al obj e c t
g r s

of i n s p e c ti on an d a s by ou r i m agin e d p o ss ibili ti e s the vi s u al

; , ,

p o w er i s enh anced th r ou gh o th er su cc essiv e d egr ee s the ,

for e sts the fi el d s the s tr e am s the tre es the flo w er s a n

, , , ,
d e v en ,

the i n s e cts which m a e xi s t u p on the s u rfa c e O f th at p l an et

, y ,

or the an im alcu l es w hich sp ort i n i ts stag nant w a ters wo u l d ,

su ccess iv ely co m e i n t o vi e w . N ow b e i t r em ar k ed th at all

, ,

t h e se su cce s s iv e p art icu l ar i za tio n s e v en d ow nto u l ti m a te m i

,

nu ti ae a r e i nv olv e d i n that fa i nt l u m i nou s sp ot whi ch as a

, , ,

m o s t co m p r ehen s iv e g en er a l i s fir s t seenby the n

,
ak e d e e i n
y
the r em o t e h ea v en s .

O u r p r oce ss of sy nth e tical i nv estig ationha s b e ens i m il ar to

t h at j u s t su pp o s ed w e h a vi n
,
g the ad vantag e of the a ctu al
p res ence and p ers onal i nsp ecti onOf the m inu tiae i ncl u d ed i n
the gen e r a l s u bj e ct of ou r th ou gh ts Wi th a m enta l tel e scop e
.

w e h a v e p en e tr at e d n ,
ot i n to the d i stan ce of sp a ce b u t i nto ,

the cor r esp on di n d i st a nce o f t i m e an d b eh e l d the u n iv ers e i n

g ,

the a sp e ct of on e com m on n eb u l ou s m ass By foll ow i ng the

.

natu ral hi stor y of thi s one g eneral m as s th rou gh i ts su c

cessi v e app r o xi m ati on s to ou r ow n p er io d w e hav e seen i t ,
 G E N E RAL S I NVO LVE P A R TI C U L A R S . 1 79

su cces sively u nfol d i ng s ol a r sy stem s g e ol ogical d e v el op m ents

, ,

m in e r a l ki n d o m s an i m a l ki n d om s a n d h u m a n ra c es w i t h
g , g , ,

all thi n g s w hi ch they r e sp e cti v ely i ncl u d e It i s to b e oh .

ser v e d t hat e a ch O f the s e su c c e s s iv e p ar ti cu l a r iz a ti on s i s b ase d

u p o n an
,
d w a s i ncl u d e d i n the ne x t p r e c e d i n
, g g en e r al a s all ,

a r e b a s ed u p on an ,
d i ncl u d ed i n the a ll com p r ehens i v e G ene ral
,
-
.

M or eov e r that the or d er i nw hi ch the s e p a rti cu l ar iz ati ons

, ,

King d om s or su b cr e ati ons h av e b e en b r o u ght u nd e r r e vi e w

,
-

i s not anor d er a rbi tr ar ily a d op te d for ou r ow n conv eni en ce ,

b u t cl early one O b se r v ed by na tu re he r se l f i s e vi d e nt fr om ,

the fa c t that n
,
o tw o sy s t e m s or Ki n g d o m s as ar r ange d i nou r ,

ser i e s of In qu i ri es canb e transpo sed Thi s ill u strati onO f the

,
.

r el ati on s of g en er a ls an d p a r ti cu la r s al s o cl ea rly show s tha t ,

all t r u ths a r e b u t i n v ol u t io ns an d e vol u ti on s O f on e fu n da

m en ta l t ru th— hen ce th a t all t r u ths m u s t b e a r c e r tai nr el a ti on s

an d c or r e sp ond e n c e s to ea ch oth e r fr o m t he i r or i in s th r ou h
, g g
ou t the i r su c c e s s iv e ram ifi catio n s e v en t o th e i r u l ti m a te s
, ;
an d tha t no tr u th can b e fu lly u nd er s to od e x cep t i n the ,

g ene ral and p ar ti c u l ar ligh t of all other s .

M or e ov er i f the s er i al or d er i nw hi ch the gr and d ivi sions

,

Of n a tu r e a s a w hol e h a v e b e en b r o u ght u n
, ,
d er r evi ew i s a c ,

cor d in g t o t h e o r d e r of p r o r e s s iv e d e v e lop m en
, g t O b s e r v e d by
na tu r e h e rs el f the sam e i s g ener ally tr u e of the s e r i al or d e r
,

of the s e v ens u b d ivi s i on -

s w hi ch h a v e b e e n a ppli e d t o e a ch O f

the s e g r a nd d ivi s i ons By a p ar ti cu l ar r e vi e w of e i th er of

.

the s e cl a s s ifi e d su b d ivi si on s the r e ad er w ill fin

-

,
d for e x am p le , ,

that the fi r s t m em b er of the ser i e s i s n atu r a lly g erm i n al a n d ,

t h a t the s e v en th i s n atu r ally u l ti m ate t o all the o ther s ; an

,
d
th a t n o tw o m em b e r s of the s er i e s c anb e t r an sp os e d w i thou t

d er a n g i n g t he h ar m on y O f t h e w h ol e s e ri e s A n d th o u gh w e
.
,

O f c o u r s e cl ai m n
,
o ab s ol u te e x e m p tio nfr o m p ar ti cu l ar er r ors
an d i m p er fe ction s in t he cl assi fi cation s whi ch h av e b eensu b
1 80 THE WH O L E AN D I TS PAR TS .

m ne v e r thel e ss cl a i m e d th at thei r m ani fe st g ener dl

i tte d , i t i s
confor m i ty to natu r e , toge the r wi th th ei r ter nar y r el a ti ons
an d corr e sp ond e nces, i n v ol v e d , a fter i d enti cally the s am e
g ene r al m ethod i n each se v enfol d ser i e s , cl early r e v eal s the
,
-

p r e se nce of a g rand stru ctu r a l or a ss o ci ati v e L AW w hi ch i na ,

c orr esp ond i ng m anner , and in d iffer e nt d eg r e es Of d e v el op

m en t , g o v e rns the n u m b er s , r el atio n s , an d su cc e ssi on
i ne v e r y com pl e te s y s tem O f natu ral u nfol d i ng Of thi s law , .

as b e for e r ep eat e d ly i n ti m at e d , the d i aton i c s cal e i n m u si c,

w i th i ts se v e nn ot e s , i s the n a tu r a l a d or al e xpo n ent n .

H avi ng thus su bj e c te d the g rand d ivi si ons of natu r e t o r e

vi e w, and d i s cov e r ed the appli cationof thi s p r i ncipl e O f s eri al
an d co rr e sp on d en ti al cl a s sifi ca ti onto the m all, le t u s n ow s e e

w hether the con nec ted and su cce ss iv e c r ea ti ons thu s b rou ght
u n d er r e vi ew , Will n atu r ally fall i n t o the for m of one g r a n d
S y stem , i nwhich ou r p r i nci p l es Of s e ri al a rr ang em ent w ill b e
e x e m p li fi ed Thi s m ay b e b e st e xhibi te d by the foll ow ing
.

ta bl e
P R IM AR Y TR INI TY . S EC O ND A R Y TR INI TY .

S tr u c tu r a l .
) Or g a ni c .
)
1 . Fi rm am e ntal and si d er eal u ni 4 . Sy s tem of ch em l or c om
i ca
v er s e. p
nsi v e
r eh e m iner a l ogi c al ar

r ang em en ts .

Sol ar 5 Vege ta bl e i ngd om k

k
sy stem s . . s

G l
e o ogi c al de v elo p m e nts , 6 . Anim a l in d
g om s .

UL T IM AT E .

( Intellec tu a l ) .

7 . HU M A N R AC E S, as t o th ei r m er e ly ter r es tr i a l n
c o s ti tu ti o s , n
affec ti o s , a n nd thou gh ts .

N ot o nly b ser v e i n thi s ser i e s a na tu r al o r d er Of

do w e o

su cc es si onof p ar ts w hich will n ot a d m i t O f ad di ti on r etr en

,
ch ,

m en t or tran,
sp o si tio n b u t w e al so ob ser v e the sam e te rn
,
ar y
 PR I S M ATI O COLORS . 1 81

l i ns and c orr e sp ond ences w hi ch w e h av e s e en are i n

r e at o

v ol v e d i nall the s eri es p r evi ou sly ex am i ned Thu s the fi r st .

m e m b e r of the s e r i e s w hi ch i s r u d i m en ,
tal s tr u ctu r a l c or r e -

s on s t o the u r th m e m b e r w hi ch i s ru d i m en l g n i
p d f o ,
ta or a c ;
* -

the s e con d m em b er i s the tr an s i tio ns tr u c tu r al an d c o rr esp ond s

-

to the fi fth (the V e g e tabl e Ki n gd om ) w hi ch i s the trans i ti onal ,

o rgani c ; the thi r d m em b er i s the (p hy si ca lly ) p erfe ct s tr u ctu ral -

an d c or r e sp on d s to the six th w hi ch i s the p er fect o r g an

,
ic .

And the s ev e nth i s u l ti m at e e xhibi ti ng the p er fecti on and ,

u n i ted su bli m ationof all— inthi s r esp ect corre sp ond i ng to the
se v en th m em b er O f e v er y othe r s e r i es e v ena s the fi r st m em ,

b er i n each s e r i e s c orr e sp ond s to the fi r s t m em b er i n all

o ther s ; the se cond to the s e cond e tc The s am e p r incipl es , .

of s e r i al s e ti n
p
,
a r
y a nd c orre sp on
,
d en ti al cl a ssifi c a ti on thu s ,

app ly e qu ally to the g en e r al s an d the p ar ticu l a r s of natu r e a t ,

l east so fa r as su ch p arti cu l ar s h av e b een b r ou gh t u nd er

r e vi e w .

B u t whil e the r e sp ectiv e m e m b er s of e ach s ev enfol d ser i es -

wh eth er on a hi gh or low s cal e i ncl u d ing the gr eat ser i es of ,

all s er i e se s c or re spo n
,
d to the s am e m em b ers a s n u m e r i cally ,

d e sig n at ed i n all oth er s e r i e se s th e s e co rr e spo n d en

,
ce s ar e of
‘

d i fferen t d eg r ee s O f d i r ectn es s a n d i nti m acy a c cor d i ng t o ,

nu m er i cal r e l ati ons m or e c om pli ca te d th an th ose w hi ch ha v e

y et b e enb r o u g ht in t o v i ew T h i s tog e ther w i th the m an
.
,
n er

i n whi ch g enera l and p ar ti cu l ar s er i al c orr e sp ond enc es a r e

i nv olv e d i none com pl e te sy stem m ay b e ill u strate d p ar ti ally, ,

b u t su ffi ci ently for ou r p r esen t p u rpo s e by a r e fer en c e to the ,

s e v en p r i sm a tic col or s an d th ei r i n volv ed p r op er ti es It i s .

fou nd th at by cau s i n,
g each of the s ev enc ol ors O f d e com p o se d
A cr y tl s a p oss esse s a
'
k
ind l
Of m o ecu lar life , a nd h as d i ffer ent p arts , ang es, and l
p oles, w hi ch p e r form d i ffer ent fu ncti ons, as sh ow nby b
Rei ch en ach ; i t m ay th erefore
be n
co si d ered as a nor ganism , th ou gh of th e l ow es t k ind

16
1 82 THE WH OL E AN D I TS PARTS .

light t o p as s s ep arately thr ou gh a s econd p r is m th ey m ay b e ,

s till fu r th er d e com p os e d an ,
d for m a s e cond a r y i r i s i nw hi ch ,

e ac h O f the s e v e nc ol or s will a ai nb e vi s ibl e

g .N O W t he fi r st

o r g en er a l i r i s r ep r e sen ts the g r e a t S y s tem O f s y s t em s co n ,

s i d e r e d a s on e whil e e ac h i n
,
cl u d e d i r i s r ep r ese n ts on e of the

s u b sy s tem s i n
-
v olv e d i n the l atte r a nd w hi ch i s al sose v en
,

fol d . Ino ther W or d s the gran ,

d s e v enfol d S y ste m o f na tu r e
-

i s co m p o sed of all i ts i n cl u d e d a n d s u b or d in at e s e v enfol d -

s y s tem s i n the s am e w a a s the g r an d i r i s i s com p os ed of

, y
all the e l e m en ts i n v olv ed i n i ts i ncl u d e d i ri s es ther e b ei ng ,

i n e i ther cas e a s i m il ar inte r d ep end en c e of p a r ts ; an d h en ce

th e r e i s the sa m e u n i ty i n the S y s te m a s a w hole that the r e ,

i s i n each one of i ts anal ogou s a n d com p onent su b sy s te m s -

.

The g r and S y s tem of natu re and ea ch one of i ts su b sy s te m s

,
-

t h e n co r re spo n
,
d to e ach othe r i n the sa m e w ay a s the g rand
i r i s and ea ch of i ts i ncl u d ed su b i r i ses co rr esp ond t o e ach
,
-

o th er a cc or d i ng to th ei r s i m il ar nu m er i ca l d e signati ons B u t
,
.

w hil e thi s i s the case w i th the i r i s an d i ts i n c l u d e d su b i r i s e s -

i t i s e vi d en t t hat on e Of th e se l atte r b as e d for e x a m pl e u p on

, , ,

t he gen eral r ed r ay w ou l d b e ar a d if er en
,
t deg r ee O f corr e

s on d nce t o o th e r s e v e nfol d d ivi s i on s O f col or from o n

p e e
-

that i s b a s e d g en e rally u pon the y ellow b lu e or an o t h

, , y er

ra
y ; a n d th e s a m e i s t ru e O f th e g r ea t S y s t em o f n a tu r e a n d
i ts su b sy s tem s
-
.

It w as b efor e shown th at each s ev enfol d sy stem of natu r e -

i s a cco m p an i ed ini ts d ev elop m ent and fu ncti onal Op er ations

, ,

by s ev en c orr espond ing d y nam i c ag ents and a l s o s e v en ,

c or r e sp on d ing l aw s . It m ay th er efor e b e sai d th at th e se

d y nam ic ag ents and l a w s a r e al so e i th er i d en ,
tica lly or by
thei r n atu ra l r ep r es en t ati v es i nd iffe ren t d eg r ee s O f a sc en s i on
,

su bj e c t to the sam e c om eh e ns i v e an d i nv olv ed cl as sificati on s

p r

which w e hav e j u st seen to apply to th eir co rr esp ond ing

 AG E N TS , LAWS , D EVEL O P M E N TS . 1 83

o u ter d ev el op m ents as p r esented i n the u niv er sal F ab r ic of

,

B e ing and i ts p ar ts It w ou l d i nd e e d b e d ifii cu lt to ge t a

.
, ,

s e t of t er m s su ffici ently com p r ehen s iv e and y e t s u ffici ently ,

d efi ni te to apply e qu ally to all sy ste m s and s u b sy s te m s i n

,
-

volv e d in a u niv er sal cl assifica ti on; b u t i f the r e ad e r w ill

consi d er the term s w e m ay e m ploy a s b ei ng th em s elve s
cor r esp ond enti a l an d a s e xp r es siv e m erely O f g ener a l p r i n
,

cip les he m ay find the gener a l and p a r ticu l ar sy s tem s O f

,

natu r e i nthei r th ree fol d r el ati ons of D y nam ic Ag ents L aw s

,
-

, ,

an d D ev el op m ents r ep r es ente d wi th app r oxi m ate tru th fu l

, ,

ness i n the followi ng ta bl e :

,

D Y N AM I C AG EN T S . LAW S . D E VE L O PM EN T S .

1 . He at . C h aos .

2 . L i gh t . Nu c eil .

. l
3 E ec tr i ci ty . F or m s .

4 Or gani c ,
. or odi c I ncipi ent or g a ni sm
h ea t .

5 Odi e li gh t
. . Segr ega ti on . Ascend ed or g a ni c
for m s .

Uni v e r s al associ a ti o n
.

Applyi ng the f u nda m enta l p r i ncip les of thi s cl assifi cati on,
i n d i ffe r en t d eg r e e s, t o the u niv er sal sy stem and t o all i ts ,

su b sy st e m s w e h av e h er e a r ep r e se n
-

,
tatio nof the co nnec ti on
an d h ar m on i al rel ati ons O f the Whol e wi th the p ar ts, and the
p ar ts w i th the W hol e of the Ma c roco sm or the u niv er s e ,

wi tho u t — corr e spond i ng to the connections and r el ations of

the p ar ts an d the w h ol e Of the M i cr oco sm , or the u ni v ers e
“

“
wi thi n H er e, th en i s e rec te d w i th ou t the noi se of the
.
, ,
”
ham m er, that u niv er sa l T e m pl e b efore sp o k en of, whos e
1 84 TH E WHO L E AN D I TS P A R TS .

by G od s ’
ow n h and , co nsi st of all thc

w hi c h li e e R eal m of B e i ng w i t]
 C H A P TE R X V I I I .

D UAL I S M O E PR O D U O T I V E F O R C E S ; O R T H E D I A S TO L E
,

AN D S Y S T O L E O F N A T URE .

F O L L O W ING li nk by li nk c end i ng chai nOf analogy

the d e s ,

the c on cl u si on w as b e for e a r r iv e d a t t h a t i n the b egi n ,

ning ,

the m ate r i al s of the u n iv e r s e c onsi ste d of one d i ffu se chaotic , ,

o r ga s e ou s m ass w i t hou t d i s ti n ,
c ti onof p a r ts or d efi n i te i nter
,

nal m oti ons R ea s ons w e r e al so su b m i tte d for b eli ev i ng that

.

the s e m ate r i a l c on d i ti ons w er e not e te r nal b u t tha t the y ,

o r i gi n a t e d a s e m an a ti on s or p r oj e c ti on s O f the m o r e e x te r i or

e s se n ces O f the D i v i n e Pe r s on a l C on s t i tu ti on It w a s show n .

that i n a s m u c h as thi s w hol e m ass of h s i ca l s u b s tan c e th u s

, p y
or i i n a te d fr om D ivi n i i t l b t n c h i l H at
g e sp r u a su s a e s o p —y s,
c a e

i nthi s su b s ta nc e or i g i na ted fro m D i v i ne sp i r i tT u t l He a t w hi c h ,

I s L ov e an d tha t phy s i c al L i ght or i gi nate d fr om D ivi ne

‘V ‘
— , Q

g
H ;

M M 5

s pi r i tu al L i ht w hi h i s Wi s d om I t s al s o show n tha t
—
n
c , w a .

Sdf i S afzc ompa i ed w i th a for c e or law of Exp ansi on and

-

IT
‘ h I

th at fr om H e a t a n d L i ght c om bi ned or i gi nate d the for c e or

la w O f Attr a c ti onor C ont r a c ti on As D I v i n
,

e L o v e an d W is
"

.
.

d om (for m i ng a D u ali ty or p r o du c tiv e u ni ty consi s ti n

, g o f,

p osi ti v e or negativ e or m al e and fem al e Pr incipl es) consti tu t e

,

the sp i ri tu al Alp ha an d O m eg a O f all gener a tiv e for ce s s o i t ,

i s a pp r e hend e d that thei r p hy si cal c ou n te rp a r ts c on si s ti n O f

g ,

the for ces of Exp an s i onan d Attr acti on m ay b e fou nd t o m ai n ,

ta i nan e qu ally fu n d am en tal r el ati on t o all m o d ifi ca ti on s Of

forc e law and o p eration e xi stin

, ,
g i nthe r eal m of cr eate d B eing
,
.
1 86 D UALISM OE FORCES .

If w e aga i ngl ance a t the sy stem s and su b sy stem s of Op e -

r a ti onw hi ch n at u r e p r e s en ts w e w ill find ab u n

,
d ant e x e m p li fi

c at i on s of thi s fa c t . Thu s a s the fo r c e s O f Exp ansi on and

,

C ontr ac ti on p r oc ee d e d i n t he i r op era ti ons i n the p r i m e v a l

c ha ot i c m as s the p a r ti cl e s w hi ch w e r e by n
,
atu re fi tt e d to r e

m ai n i n a n aer ifor m o r ether ea l s ta t e a n d those w hi ch w er e

,

na tu rally fi tted for aggrega ti on i nto d ense for m s w e re "e p a , ~

~

r a te d. The l atter c l as s Of p a r ti cl es by a g ene r al a s s em bl age

, ,

fi r s t for m e d the u niv er s al nu cl eu s and then su cc e ss iv ely the

, ,

neb u lou s r i ngs segr eg ate d m ass e s and s tell a r and pl ane ta r y
, ,

s y s tem s The tel esc op e now r e v e a l s the se m as se s O f cou d en

.

s ibl e m a te r i a l s a pp a r e n tly i n all s tag e s of p r ogr e ss i n the

h eav ens fr om the i nd e fi ni tely form e d and i rr e s olvabl e neb u l a

,

t o the gl ob u l a r cl u s te r O f s ta r s . Thi s l a tter i s the for m p e c u

li a r to the hi ghe st p ossibl e d egre e of cosm i cal p er fe c ti on and , ,

a t the s a m e ti m e the hi ghe s t n

,
a t u r al d e r e e of cos m ica l con
g den
sa ti on an d i t m ay h enc e b e s u pp ose d to b e acc om p ani e d w i th
t he hig he s t n a tu r ally a t ta i n abl e d e g r e e O f l evi ty an d p u ri ty i n
the c i r c u m am bi e n t e the r . B u t thes e s ta tes ar e u l t i m ate
a chi e v em e n ts of t he j oi n t an d c ons tant a c ti onof the fu nd am en
ta l l a w s of EX PANS I ON a n d C O NT RA C T I O N .

W e w ill find ond u e co nsi d er a ti on th at th ese s am e p r i nci

, ,

pl e s apply al so to each c r eation i nclu ded i n the co sm i cal ,

w he ther i t b e organic or i no rg anic Thu s i n the M ineral.

,

W o rl d the m e tallic or e that i s now seg r egate d i nto d i stinct

,

v ei ns e vi d ently m u st hav e o riginally e xi st ed i n d ifiu si oni n

,
'

the su r r o u n din g r o ck The p ar ti cl es w hich or ig i na lly occu pi e d

.

the p r e s en t p os i t i onO f t he m i n e r a l v e ins m u st hav e b e e nd i s

,

e rs e d by a for c e O f e xp an si on V i r tu ally or a ctu ally whi ch w a s

p ( )
p r e cisely e q u iv al en t to the for c e of m u tu al a ttr ac ti on w hi c h
b r ou gh t the m etalline p ar ticl es tog ether i nt he i r pl ace The .

s am e ten d en cy of ki ndr ed and or ig inally diffu sed m i neral p ar

 E X P AN S I O N AN D A TTR A C TI O N .

t i cles to d r aw tog ether i nto the for m of d ens e m a sse s i s p er , ,

hap s s till m or e forc ibly ill u str a te d by the fli nt nod u l es fou n

, d
i nb e d s of c halk and w hi ch a r e gene r ally of a m or e or l ess
,

r ou n d e d fo rm e vi d en
,
tly i n d i ca ti n g a n or i i n
g al s tat e of solu ti on

i nthe su r rou nd i n g m ass fr om

,
w h i ch th e y ha v e b e com e con

d ensed as th e y are now fou nd

,
.

The fi r st form s a ssu m ed by the v eg eta b le m at er i al s that e xi s t

i n the w orl d w e r e al s o d i ffu se a nd cha oti c
,
S u ch w er e the
.

m ar i n e ac cr e ti on s Of
g er m i n al sli m e w i th thei r ra d i c al fib er s
, ,

an d su b se qu ent e fl lor e s c en t s i m pl e a n
,
d m i cr o sco p ic ste m s
, .

S e v e ral g r ad a ti ons of pl ants a s the y r i s e abov e th e se a r e s till ,

O f i m p e r fect e x ter i or form s O f a l oo se a n

,
d su cc u l ent na tu re ,

an d of an i n t er na l s tr u c tu r e e n ti r ely c e ll u l ar— i n d ic a ti ng a s ,

e t b u t sm all p r ogr e s s i nthe con d en si v e p r i nc ipl e In th ese

y ,
.
,

h ow e v er the w hol e V ege tabl e Ki ngd om a s one cr eati on has

, ,

i ts i ncipi ent and ru d i m ental d e v el op m e n t F u r the r s eg rega

.

t io n s an d c on d ensa ti ons O f the eg e ta ti v e el e m ents a r e d ec i d

v

e d ly m an i feste d in the su b se qu ently for m e d ter r es tr i a l pl ants

p o ss e ssing a v a scu la r t i s su e and li gneou s fib er B u t as c r e a .

t io np r oc ee d s s till hi gher for m s p oss e s si n

, ,
g m or e m ar k ed a nd
wi d ely d iver sifi ed char acteri sti cs are g ra du ally d ev elop ed
, ,

u n til the fl ow er i n g and d ic otyl e d ono u s p l ants of the p re s ent

e ra ca m e i n to bein n h w e c l ose s t p os s ibl e c on
/

g; a d t e s e sh o t h
ne c ti on O f co ngeni al and the m ost p e r fec t e li m i na ti on of
,

h eter og eneal v ege tabl e e l e m ents H ence th ey e xhibi t the

.
,

u l ti m a te d e gr ee of the C on densi v e and Exp a nsi v e p r i n ci p l e

which canb e natu rally ap pli ed to the V ege tabl e Ki ng d o m .

In t he Ani m al Kin g d o m i ncl u d ing the hu m an the sam e

, ,

p r i ncipl es a r e d i s ti nctly op erative ; and thi s too b oth w i th , ,

r e fe r en ce to the i nd ivi d u al o rgani sm and the w hol e coll ecti on

,

of livi n g b eing s Pr o fessor Agassiz who has i nv es tigated the

.
,

su bj ec t of em b r yology p erh ap s m o r e tho r o u ghly th an an y

1 88 DUALISM OF FORCES .

o th er n, tell s u s th at a fter t he fe cu nd ati onof the ov u m Of

m a ,

an an i m al a n d i t s d i v i s i on i nt o c ell s an d l ay er s the o r an
y , g ,

o f c i r cu l a ti onp r oce e d s to i ts i n cipi en t d e v e l op m e n t fr om t he

m i d d le l ay er of the ge r m “F
i rs t the bl ood app ear s by a
.
”
,

s i m pl e p r oc e ss of liq u e fa c ti on of the c ell s It ca n b e s een .

u n d er the m i c r os cop e hOW the p ar ti cl e s or the c ell s O f tha t ,

l ay e r b eginto l oose a t the ou te r m argi n and to m ov e b e tw e en

, , _

the m s e lv e s an d to ru ni np ar ti c u l a r d i r ec ti ons and to com bi ne

, ,

i nto cu r r ents and th ose cu rr ents to a ssu m e p ar ti cu l ar d i r e c

,

t i on s b e or e ther e i s a h ea r t a n
, f d b e
f or e ther e a r e blood v essels
,
It -
.

c anb e s e e ni ne v e r y c hi c k e nu n d e r s o low a m agn i fyi ng p ow e r ,

tha t n o on e shou l d l os e the O pp or tu n i ty of s e eing thi s w ond er

fu l si ght Wh enbl ood c or p u s c u l e s m ov e fr om the center tow a r d
.

the m a rg i n of the g er m " Exp ansi on] the othe r c ell s w hi c h b e

, ,

c om e l oos e i nthe p e r ip he r y o f the g e r m b egi nto m ov e tow a r d ,

the center " C ont ra cti on] Inthe b egi nni ng the r e b ei ng no cu r
.
,

r en t c i r c u l at i n t h e t w o c oll e c ti on s of fl u i d m e e t a n d fi nally
g , ,

b e com e r egu l ar cu rrents by m eans O f channel s thr ou gh w hi ch

, "

the bl ood ru n s for a r e u l ar c i r cu la ti on

g
*
.

The se fu nd a m ental e xp ansi v e contractiv e and ci r cu l ator y

, , ,

m oti on s a r e s u b s i d i ar y t o t he d e v el op m en t of a fou r th O p e r a

t i on by w hi ch a ffin
,
i ti z e d p a r t i cl e s fl o ati ng i n the c i r cu l a ti ng
m en s tr u u m a re b r o u g ht i n to c o n j u ncti on and d ep osi te d i nthe ,

for m of soli d t i s su es
'

The y a r e a t fi rs t aggr egate d on all

.

s i d e s O f the ci r c u l a ti n g ch annel s and for m the bl ood v essel s

,
-

the r am ificati on s O f w hi c h say s Ag a s siz a r e a t fi rs t c on s tan ly

( ) t

Ag assi z s
’
L C
n om p ar ati v e m b ry ology
ectu res o E H
er e w e h av e, in th e w or d s of
.

on e w h o w r ote W i th ou t a n y Vi ew to th e d is ti nc ti v e p h i l oso p h y o f th e p r es e n t tr e a ti s e , an

ill u stra ti onof th e su cc essw e or i gi n s of th e l aw s of E

xp ansi on, ontraction, and C ircu C
C
l ation onsi d eri ng th ese fa cts and p r incip les as equ ally ap p li cable, ona lar g e scale ,
.

to th e gr e at fec u n d a te d g erm or ov u m Of th e c osm i cal crea ti on, i t w ill i ll u s tr ate p e r

te ctly th e i n cip i ent p rocess b a p rolon y g ati o n o f w hi ch th e u n i v erse r ece i v ed i ts p r esen t
 P R O G R E S S OE OR G A N I Z ATI O N . 1 89

c h ang i ng . Bu t o ne po r ti onOf the central v es s el soo nb ec om es

enla r ged , and a s su m e s the for m O f a s i m pl e e lo ngated sack .

Thi s , c entralizi ng and exp r essing i ni ts el f the p r ev i ou sly def u sed

”

d contr a cti le for c e s , p er for m s a cons tan

'
exp a n s i v e an t su cc e s si on

of d i a s tol ic an d sy s tolic m otions , an d c onsti tu te s the r u d i

m e nt of the fu t u r e hear t .

O ther p r ocess i ons fr om t he bl ood v essel s for m , i n lik e

-

m an ner , the r u d i m ents of the ali m entar y canal the liv e r , the ,

l u ngs the b r ai n, e tc These by a c ons tant r ej e cti on(thr ou gh

,
.
,

the e xp ans iv e or e m a n a tiv e for c e O f p ar ti cl e s for ei gnt o th ei r

)
r e sp e c tiv e an d app r op r i ate c om p osi ti on, and a s c ons tant an
a t tr ac ti on an d app r op r i a ti onof the p a r ti cl e s w hi ch th e y nee d ,
fi nally a rr iv e at the fu ll m a tu r i ty of thei r com pl e x s tru ctu r e s,
an d toge the r for m the co m pl e te livi n
, g go r an i sm . T h e c om pl e t e

or an i sm , t he r e for e m an i fe s ts the p e r fe c ti onO f e li m i n a ti onof

g ,

u n s u i tabl e su b s tan ce s fr om ea ch p ar ti c u l ar or gan( w hi c h su b

s tan c e s , there for e , o t o f orm o th e r o r an s t o w hi ch the y a r e

g g
s u i tabl e an e p e r fec ti onof c on en s a ti onor a re g a ti oni n
) ,
d t h d gg
e a ch or anO f the s e s u b s tan ce s w hi ch a r e su i tabl e to i ts ow n
g
c o m p os i ti on .

The sam e r em ar k s ar e , i np r i ncip le, appli cabl e t o the w hol e

an i m ate d c r ea ti onas to one g r a nd F or m . Its fi r s t and l ow es t
d e v e l op m ent a s show nby foss il ol ogy , c onsi s te d O f p oly p i a r i a
,

an d other r a d i a te d for m s . N O W the p olyp i O f a c or al r e e f

,

m a al m o s t b e c on s i d e r e d a s on x t n d d a n i m al , wi th li ttl e
y e e e e

d i s ti nc ti on O f p ar ts . The s u b stance s and fu nc ti ons O f he a r t,

s to m ach l u n s , b r a i n e tc t b i t r d i ff us e d a n d n
, g , ,
.s e e m o e ii e c o

fo u nd e d w i th e ach other i ns u c h a w a y that one p or ti onof the

s tr u ctu r e i s n o m or e vi tal tha n a n oth e r , an d the r e for e i nto
,

ho w e v e r nu m e r ou s or s m all fr agm ent s thi s ani m al su b s tanc e

m a b e com e d i v i d e d or su b d i v i d e d each fr a m en t s till c ha o t
y , g ,

i cally e m bo dyi n g i n i tsel f a ll the p ri nci p l es O f vi tali ty and

1 90 DUALISM O F FORC E S .

or g aniz ati on conti nu es to liv e and gr ow as a d i sti nc t ani m al

, .

It the r efor e c orr e sp ond s to the p r i m i tiv e c ell u l a r s tru c tu r e O f

, ,

the i m p r egn at e d ov a of the hig her an i m al s In the hi gh er .

for m s of the R a d i ata the or gans w i th the i r fu ncti onal op e r a

, ,

ti on s a r e p er c ep tibly m or e d i s ti n
,
c t fr om e a ch oth e r Inthe .

Art i c u l ata the r e i s s till m o r e d e fini te as soci a ti onO f the ele

,

m en ts of or g an s in to thei r d i sti n c t an d app r op r i a te for m s ; b u t

t hi s a ssoci ati on i s s till s o i m p e r fe c t that if the l ob st er or ,

c r ab fo r e x am pl e
,
l ose s a cl aw i t eli m i nate s fro m oth er p or
, ,

t i on s of i ts s s t em e l em e n ts w hi c h for m an o th e r c l a w — th u s

k
y
s h ow i n g that the cl aw p r i ncipl e s o to sp ea p revi ou sly ex
-

, , ,

i s te d u nd e v el op ed i n t he oth er p a r ts of the or gani sm by a

, ,

d r a ft u p onw hi c h the r e cu p e r a ti oni s now p r od u ced And S O .

i ne a ch s u c c e e d i ng cl a ss i nthe a s ce n din g S ca l e O f ani m al c r ea

t i on ,
s hea r t b e com e s m or e d i s ti nctly h e a r t b ra i n b e c om es ,

m or e d i sti n ctly b r ai n a n d all the othe r o rgans b e c o m e c or r e

,

s on d i n l m or e d i s ti n c t an d hi h ly d e v el op e d an d m o r e fr ee
p gy g ,

fr om the s e p a r ti cl es w hi c h p r op e rly b el on g t o oth er org ans ,

u n til the p e r fe c ti ono f li v i n o r an iz a t i on i s a tta i n e d inthe

g g
pe r fe cte d hu m a n for m w hi ch m ay b e consi d e r e d a s the w h ol e
,

Ani m al Ki ng d om i nthe aggr egate with s om ething m or e b e ,

si d e s
.

And s o r e d u c i ng th es e sp ecifi c su bj ects of c ontem pl a ti onto

,

on e c om p r ehen si v e V i e w i t m ay b e s ai d th at i nt he b eginni ng
, ,

the m a ter i a l e l e m en ts O f m an an i m al v ege tabl e m i neral

, , , ,

pl ane t s u n and fir m am ent e xi s te d i nc om m oni nter di ffu si on

, , ,

i n the gr e a t u niv ersa l an ,

d u nd i sti n
, g u i shabl e m a ss O f n eb u

l ou s m a tter i nsu ch a w ay that e ach p ar t w a s l ost i nall othe r

,

p ar ts The great m ass then for m e d a s i t w e re one gr and

.
, , , ,

Polyp u s or one grand ovu m c orr e sp ond i ng to the ovu m O f an

, ,

an i m al and from i t a fte r fe cu nd a ti on and by m eans of a con

, , ,

s ta n t in cu b ativ e an d s u p er io r i n flu ence the u l ti m ate d e v elo p ,

 SPHERES AND SYMPATHY . 1 91

m e nt of the c om p l e x sy s te m i ni ts m atu r e for m , w as to ar i se .

M ateri al s i n the p r i m i t ive a nd l ow e s t d egr e e Of r efi ne m ent,

d r aw together accor d i n g to ru d i m enta l affini ti e s, at the s a m e
t i m e e v olvi n t h e i r un co nd ensi b le e l e m ents, an d thu s for m
g
v as t and i nd efi ni te neb u l ou s aggr egati on, w i th thei r c i r cu m
a m bi e n t e th er
. F u rth er e v ol u ti ons and c ond ensati ons, and
c on s e qu ent r e fin em en ts , form , s u ccessiv ely , firm a m en ts su n s , ,

pl ane ts m i neral aggr egati ons, pl ants , ani m al s and finally the ,

b od i es of hu m anb e i ng s— all of w hi ch , fr om fi rst to l a st, hav e

d i r e c tly or i nd i r e c tly coll ec ted an d s el e cte d th e i r m a te r i al s
from the g r eat m as s of a ll m ater i al s, e v ena s the no d u l e s O f
flint, b e fo r e sp ok enof a s em bo d i e d i nthe strata O f chalk hav e ,

coll ec te d thei r com ponent silici ou s p ar ti cl e s fro m the m ass O f

s u rr ou n d ing m ater i al s i nwhich th e y m u s t h av e b e enor igi nally
d i ffu sed "
The fac t th at, i nthe p rocess O f all for m at ions th er e,
is an
e xp ansi on and e v ol u ti onOf u ncond ensib le el em ents fr om the
c en ter s of th e i r chaotic m a te ri al s a s w ell a s a cl u s te r i n
,
g
a r ou n d cen tr al nu cl e i of the s e p ar ti cl e s c ap abl e of c on
, sti tu t

in th e tan ibl e s tr u ct u r e w i th i ts v ar i ou s p a r ts m or e fu lly

g g ,

ill u strate s the d o ctri ne her e tofor e a d vanc ed th at all form s ,

an d or g a n i sm s from stell ar a ss em bl ag es i nd ivi d u a l su ns and

, , ,

pl ane ts to c r y stal s v eg etabl e s ani m al s and h u m an b e i ng s

, , , , ,

are s u r r ou n d e d by an a r om a l cou nterp a r t or “ sph e r e

”
It .

will b e b orne i n m i nd that i t i s by the i nter acti onof th es e

,
-

a r om al co u n te r p ar ts or sp he r e s o f d i ffer en
. t form s an d or gan
i sm s (and w hi ch ar e al w ay s e xp r essiv e O f the sp e cific i nter io r
qu ali ti e s of the l atte r ) that the se form s and org ani sm s are
,

“
b r ought i nto w hat m ay b e call ed m ag neti c sy m p a thy w i th ”

e ach othe r ; an d i t i s by the com bin e d a r om al S p he r e s O f all

o r gan i sm s for m s and sy stem s that the g r e at i nter acti v e

, , ,
-

ner v e au r a O f the u niv erse as one Bo d y i s m ad e u p

-
.
,
.
1 92 DUALISM O F FORCES .

The e xp ansi ons and natio ns fr om c enters

em a

p r e val ent throu ghou t the w h ol e d om ai nof form s and o rg an

i sm s m ay b e consi d er e d as one g ene ral d i as tole ; whi l e the
,

c on t r a c ti on s an d p r e cipi tati ons u p onc e nter s lik e w i s e u niv er ,

s ally p r e v a l e n t m ay b e c on
,
s i d e r e d a s on e
g en e r al sy s to le ;

an d thes e m oti ons, i n the i r m or e p r og r e s s e d and p e r i odically

a lter n a ti n g fo rm s" a r e e xp r e s se d i n the s e c u l ar e x p a n s i ons an d
c on t r a c ti o ns o f pl a n e ta r y o r bi ts ; i n the os c ill ati on s of hea

v en ly b od i es b e t w e ent he i r ap heli onand p e r i heli onp oi n ts ; i n

t he e bbi n an d fl ow i n O f t i d es ; i n the i n spi r a ti on an d ex
g g s

pi r a ti ons of pl ants ; i n the dila ti Oi i s a nd c ontr ac ti ons of the

h u m an hea rt ; and i n the b r ea tli in s and p u l sa ti ons of g
‘

m i cr oscopi c form s Of li fe ,
w hi ch S
p Oi t i na s ingl e d r op Of

w ate r .

In a ttr ib u ti ng thu s m u ch l aw s of Exp ansi on and

to the

C on tr a cti on ( or At tr a c ti on) i t i s n ,
ot by a n m ea n
y s in t en d e d
t o s u p e r s e d e the s ep t in a r y d ivi s i on s of l a w s a s p r e s e n t e d in
,

p r ec e d i ng p age s O u r O bj e ct has r ather b e en to show that

.

t hes e t w o f u nda m entdl l a w s b e i n g ,

a s i t w e r e m al e a n
,
d f e ,

m al e i n con j u gal u ni ty a r e the p ar ents and gr andp ar ents of

,

a ll o the r l a w s . Thu s i t i s fr om a c om bi nati onO f Exp ansiv e

an d C ont r ac tiv e m ov e m ents that the law of C i r cu la ti on i m
m e d i a t ely e n su e s i n e v e r y p or ti onO f the c r e at i on e v e na s the ,

s am e e n su e s i nt he a n i m al and hu m an sy s tem s fr om the ex ,

a n si v e an d c on t r a c til e m o ti on s O f the he a r t : a n d as p a r ti c l es
p
a r e th u S m a d e to fl o w thr ou ghou t e a ch sy s te m and a r e pl a ce d ,

i n gene ral i nte r c om m u ni cati onw i th othe r p a r ti cl e s the r e i s ,

occa s i on g i v e n t o the op e r ati onO f th e f ou r th law by w hi ch ,

m u tu ally a ffin i ti z e d p ar ti cl e s w hethe r i n organi c or i nor gan

,
ic
c r ea ti ons u ni te toge ther a nd for m the ti ssu e s O f the p e r m a
,

nent p hy s i cal stru c tu r e Th ence after p er form i ng thei r ap

'

.
,

r o r i a te O ffice s an d un d er goi ng sp e cific r efin em en ts th ey ar e

p p , ,
 D IVIN E L OVE AN D WI S D O M . 1 93

ta k enu p and r e d ep osi ted i nhigh er a nd m o r e c o m pl e x m a ss es

-

or ti ssu e s or e x c r e te d e n
,
ti r e ly fr om the sy s tem ,
ac c or d i ng to
the fi fth la w — the law of seg r eg a ti on — the s a m e b e n al s o a
ig p
p li cabl e in d i fferent d egree s to each c reati on; then by m u
, ,

tu al i m p a r ta ti on s O f e sse n ce s and force s b etw e enthe se m as ses

or ti ssu e s a s n e c e s s ar y p a r ts or o r an s of the s y s te m i th
, g a s x,

l w
a i s d e v el op e d — the la w O f u n iv er s al sym p athy and har
m on i al r ecip r oca ti on F i nally all th ese l aw s and op er ati ons
.
, ,

ha r m oni ou sly com b ined giv e occas i onto the norm a l m anife s
'

ta t i on o f th e s ev e n th a nd hig h e s t la w — the la w g ov e rn i ng the

fu nction s O f the c o m p l e x u n i ty and i nw hi ch the p r i ncipl e s of
,

L ov e and Wi sd om H eat and Lig ht Exp ansion and Attrae

, ,

t i on w i th all the i r m od ifi ca ti on s an d s u b or d i na tes ar e em

,
,

b rac ed i h u ni tar y form .

As these Exp ansiv e and Attra ctiv e Op er atio ns are d e

p end ent u p on phy si cal H eat and Li gh t and the se a r e u l ti ,

m a tely d ep en d ent for th ei r g enera ti on u p on sp i r i tu a l H ea t

an d Li ght w hi ch ar e c o n
,
d i ti ons O f D ivi n e L ov e a n d Wi sd o m ,

so i t follo w s tha t D ivi n e L ov e a n d Wi sd om p er v a d e n atu re

co ex ten
-
s iv ely w i th Exp an s iv e an d Attr ac ti v e for ces and a r e ,

the fu n d am en tal an d e ss en ti al con s ti tu en ts O f the li fe p r i n

-
c ipl e

which i nh er e s i ne Very form O f b e i ng Thing s liv e th er efore

, .
, ,

o nly i np r op o rtionto the d egr e e i nw hi ch th ey a r e r ecipi ents

of the e ss en ces and form s Of D ivine L ov e and Wi sd o m ; and
wi tho u t th ese all thi ngs wou l d b e d ead
,
.

17
 C H A P TE R X I X .

C I R C LE S .

IT w as b efor e sh ow n tha t the c onstant Exp ans iv e and

C ontr a c tiv e for ce s p ar ti c u l arly ill u stra te d in t he p r e vi ou s
,

chap t e r ,
c all i n to r e qu i si ti on the la w of C i r cu la ti on w hi c h
,

g iv es
f or m t o t he m o ti o n o f p a r t i c l e s i m p ell e d by the

p r e vi ou s for ce s By c i r cu l ati on i s m eant a p r ocee d i ng from

.

a gi v e np oi n t or con d i ti on and fi nally r e tu rni ng to the sa m e

, ,

w h e th er t he li n e O f p rog r e s si on d e s c r ib e d by t he m ov e m e n t
i s m a them a ti cally th a t of an e x a ct c i rcl e or not ; a s i s ill u s
t r ate d by the fl ow i n g O f bl ood fro m the h ea r t th r ou gh v a r i ou s
,

c h an nel s b a ck a gai nto the h ear t .

B u t i t i s h e r e to b e p ar ti cu l arly O b s e rv e d th at the bl oo d i n ,

p assi ng fr om the h ear t throu gh v a r i ou s p arts O f the sy ste m

,

b ac k ag ai n to the h ea r t d ep osi ts c e rta i n p or ti ons O f i ts ele

,

m en ts i nv a r i ou s fl e shy an d oss eo u s t i s su es alo ng i ts p a th .

Thi s e x am pl e tak en fr om the fu nctional Op e ra ti ons of the

,

M i cr ocosm or li ttl e u niv e rs e s er v e s a s a su re i nd e x of s i m il ar

, ,

op e ra tio n s whi c h o ccu r i n the v ar i ou s d e p a rtm ents of the

M ac r ocosm o r g r eat u niv er se ; and l ead s to the r em ar k
, ,

that all r e gu l a r ly c i r cu l a ti n g m ater i al s w he ther i nthe h u m an

, ,

the an i m al the v eg e tabl e the m i ne r al the geognos ti c or the

, , , ,

a s tr on om i ca l d e p a r tm e n t O f cr eati on i m p a rt c e r tai n o f the i r

,

el e m e n ts t o t he a m bi e n t s p ace s thr ou gh w hi ch they p a ss . It

i s by the ag gr egati on of s u ch i m p a r t ed el e m ents tha t all
r eg u l arly d e v e lop ed form s i nn atu r e h a v e thei r b e in g ; and as
 CIRCLES . 1 95

i t w ash ereto fo re shown that all natu ral m ov em ents and d e ~

v elo m e n t s O b ser v e a r e gu l ar s e r i a l or d er of su cc e ss iv e
p g ra

d ati on s i t follow s fr om the law of C i r c u l atio n th a t thi s s er i a l

, , ,

, y
o r d e r a s appli ca bl e to e a ch s s te m or d eg r ee O f n atu r e m u s t ,

e x em pli fy t he ci r cle .Thi s i d ea of the u niv er sali ty of the c ir

c u lar c o n s ti tu tion an d m ov em en ts of t hi n gs shall now b e ,

m or e p a r ti cu l ar ly ill u s tr a te d by fa cts .

Ex tend i ng ou r O b se rv ati ons t o the h e v enly bo d i es w e a

se e ci r cu la r m oti on e v e ry w h e r e p r e v aili n g S a telli tes m ov e

.

a r ou n d pl an e ts pl an
,
et s a r ou n d su ns su n
,
s a r ou n d s till g re a ter
su n s an,
d an e x tensi onof the an al ogical c h a i n r en d e r s i t as ,

b efore show n ex trem ely p r ob abl e not to say c er tai n that

, ,
, ,

all s e co n dar y bo d i es i n u n iv e rs al sp ace r evolv e i n c om m on

, ,

ar ou n d on e g r an d p r i m i tiv e C en ter a n d S ou r c e of attr a cti on .

If thi s b e the ca se th en w hate v er p a r ti cu l ar m ov em ents the

, ,
.

s e c on d ar y b od i es m ay h a v e a ssu m e d fr om the d e v elo p m en t

of for m s of i n te r nal for c e s p ecu li a r t o the m s elv e s the s e m ov e ,

m en ts a r e s u b or d i n a te to the g r eat m a te r i al S ou r ce of m ov e

m en t an d the for c es by w hi ch th e y oc cu r a re o n
,
ly r ep ro
d u cti on s or a scen s i on s i n s p e c ific a n
,
d m o d ifi ed for m s O f the ,

for c es w hi ch p r i m ar ily app e r ta i nto i t .

B u t as the for ce s p r od u ci ng th es e p r i m i tiv e r o tator y a nd

orb i tu al m o ti on s i n the u n iv er se ar e the final s ou rc e O f all
,

t h os e d iv e r s ifi e d r am ifi ca ti on s of ci r cu l ar m ov e m e n t w hich ,

a r e m an i fe sted by s u b ord i nate sy s tem s su ns and p l anets s o , , ,

t he orb i tu al an d r o ta tor y m oti ons of pl ane ts a r e the m ore i m

m e d i ate p ar en ts a n d d ep end enci e s of s till m o r e d iv ersifi e d and
m in u te sy stem s of c i r cu l ar d e v e l op m en t F r om the or b i tu al
.

m o ti onof the e ar th for i n s tan ce a n e fa c t a l s o appli e s to

, ( d th
oth e r p l an r e s u l ts a c on i n u ally r ep e a te d ci r c le o f ther m a l
e ts
)
,
t

cha n es w hi c h m a r k th e v a r i o u s s ea s ons o f th e y e ar T h e se
g ,
.

giv e r i se to the v ario u s annu al seri e s of v eg etabl e and o ther

1 96 CIRCLES .

a ,

d ev el op m e nts . Inthe
g eni al h eat of sp ri ng the s eed th at has ,

su n k i nto the m oi st v eg etabl e m o u l d e xp and s and p u ts for th ,

s u c c e s siv ely the s te m the b r n ches the l ea v es the flow e r

g , , ,

b u d s the fl ow e r s and the fru i t co nta i ning see d of the sa m e

, ,

s e c i e s O f tha t fr o m
p w hi c h t he pl a nt s p r an g T hen as the .
,

frosts of w i nter b e gin ag ai n to p r e v a il the li fe of the pl an t ,

b e com e s e x tinct ; i ts r ip ened s ee d s a r e scatter ed u pon the

g r ou nd t o b ecom e the p rog eni to r s Of other pl ants O f the s am e
,

ki nd and the m ater i al s of the p lant al s o si nk to the e art h to

,

r epl en i sh the v ege tabl e m ou l d fr om w hich th ey sp rang Thu s .

the sa m e g en er a l co nd i ti on i s ag ai n b r o u ght a b ou t w i th tha t

fr om w hi ch the fi rst pl an t sp r an g ; and the g erm i nati on ,

g r ow th m atu r i ty and d eca v O f the pl ant wi th the scatteri ng

, , ,

of i ts s e e d u p on the ear th e x em plifi es a co m p l e te ci r cle,

SO .

w i th the p u tti n g forth of the foli ag e the d e v el op m ent of the ,

bl ossom s and fru i t and the final hib e rnation O f a r bor escent
,

v eg etati on .

C oi nci d en t al s o wi th the ch an
, ,
g es of the s easons ar e the ,

p er i od ica l aw ak eni ng s of ce r taina ni m al i nsti ncts and al s o the ,

o ccu r re n ce of c er tai n cond i ti ons i n the h u m an p hy s ical and , ,

m en ta l e c on om y .Th e se changes occu rring as they d o i n , , ,

r e u l a r s e r i al s u cc e ssio n an d a l w ay s r e tu r n i n g t o the p oi nt
g ,

from w hi ch th ey s ta r te d e x em pl ify al so the C i r cl e, , ,

.

And s o from the a l ternatio ns Of d ay and nigh t w hi ch wi th

, , ,

th e i r su cce ss iv e ho u rs a n d m om ents m a r k a d i u rnal c i r cl e O f ,

p hy s i ca l ch ang es s till m o r e m i nu te ci r cl e s Of chang e ens u e

, ,

i n the e con o m y Of organic b ei ng s S u ch ar e the ci rcl es Of

k
.

wa efu l ness and sl eep ; of activi ty and r ep ose ; of o rgani c .

w aste and r e cu p e rati on w i th all thei r i nte rm e d i ate and

,

t r an s i t i on al s ta
g e s w h e th e r
,
w e a pply t h e r e m ar k t o the

vegetabl e the ani m al or the h u m an c r ea ti on And i t m ay

, ,
.

e v enb e s ai d t hat e v e ry pa s sag e fr o m on e d egr e e or s tag e to

,
 CIRCLES . 1 97

a no th e r, i nthe p r og ress of any co m pl ete ci rcl e O f u nfol d i ng s,

i nv olv e s a ci rcl e or sy s te m O f a m inu ter kind , u ntil w e ge t
d ow n to the p hy si ol ogi cal fu nc ti ons Of the organ i sm O f an
e ph e m er on t o the ci rc u i t of blo od an d o r g an i c d ep osi ts i n
,

t he sy s tem O f a n an a m alcu le , or to the or b i tu al an d a xi al

r e v ol u t i on s of ana tom .

It m ay als o b e sai d th at the p rog r essi on from the o r iginto

the d i ss ol u ti onof an y s y s tem , or to i ts p a s sa g e i n t o an o t h er

for m , i nv olv es t he c i r cl e ; a nd thi s i s e qu ally tr u e O f the

u n iv erse a s a w hol e, O f i ts i ncl u d ed stell ar and s ol ar s y stem s
an d i nd ivi d u al w or l d s, and of the fu r the r r a m ifi ca ti on s O f c r ea

ti on ,
c o n s t i t u t i ng the m i ne r al ,
v eg e ta bl e ,
an i m a l ,
a n d h u m a n
k i ngd om s , tog eth er wi th th ei r v ar i ou s g ene ra , sp e ci e s, and i n
d ivi d u al form s, r es p e c tiv ely .

The m i nu test of th es e c i r cl es of m o v em ent and d ev elgp

m en ,
t a re i n cl u d ed i n and ar e i n som e s ense d ep end ent
, , ,

u p on the g r eater an d th os e a r e i n lik e m an ne r i ncl u d e d i n

, ,

an d d ep e nd ent u po n s till g r ea te r ( w hi ch th ere fo r e for m

, , ,

ci r cl es O f ci r cl es) and all ar e i ncl u d ed i n the g r ea t C i rcl e

,

w hi c h c o m p r e h e n d s a ll m ov em ents and d e v el op m ents i n the

un ive rse fr om i ts p er iph e ry to i ts c enter fr o m the w hol e
, ,

u n i m agi nabl e v orte x Of b e i ng to a si ngl e atom of m atter ,

an d fr o m the V e r y o r igi n t o the v er y e n d of all m ater i al

t hi n gs .

The clo se O f ea ch com p r eh ens iv e ci r cl e of O p er ati ons m ar k s

a ne r a n ,
ot on ly ini ts ow nhis to ry b u t al so i n the hi s to r y O f
,

i ts i ncl u d e d ci r cl e s whi ch a re to som e e x tent d ep end ent u p on

, , ,

i ts state for th ei r ow n sp e cific s tate s F or ill u s tr a ti on the

.
,

ear th d u r i n
,
g a s i ngl e orb i tu al r ev ol u ti on m ak es to sense
, , ,

t hr e e h u n d red and Six ty fiv e r e vol u ti ons oni ts ow naxi s occa

-

s i on i i i g the sam e n u m b er Of r ep eti ti ons of the p h en om en a of

day and night Bu t th ese d ay s and nigh ts or cir cl es of di u r

. .
,
i

1 98 C IR C L E S .

nal ch ang e vary ,

as h ei r l eng th
to t ,
te m p e r at u r e ,
e tc .
,
Wi th the
d i ffe r ent s tag e s of p r ogr ess w hichi ned i nthe a nnu a la re a tta

c i r cl e O f r e v ol u ti on B u t i f the r eas o ni n
.
,
g s O f M aedler and
o the rs a r e to b e r eli ed u p on the w h ol e S ol ar S y s tem ,
i ncl u d ,

in t he ea rt h i s s w e ep i n g r ou n d a g r an d c om m o nc en t hi h
g ,
e r w c ,

i s s o d i s t ant th a t a s i n ,
gl e orb i tu al r ev ol u tion can not p r ob a
bly b e a cc om pli shed i n a l ess p er i od than eigh teen m illi ons
of y e a r s As su ch a r e v ol u ti onW ill consti tu te the g r ea t y ea r
.

O f the s ol ar s y s tem i t i s e x tre m ely p r ob abl e tha t the p r ogr e s s

,

o f thi s r e v ol u ti on w ill b e m ar k e d wi th c han e s i n e the r ea l

g
e l e m en ts w hich afle ct cli m ate an d the v ar i ou s c i r cl es O f o rg anic
c rea ti onu p on o u r gl ob e i na m an ner anal ogou s to the influ
,

en c e O f the or b i tu al r e v ol u ti onO f the e a r th u p on the l en g th ,

an d o th er c h ar a c te r i sti cs Of the d ay s an d n i ghts and th ence , ,

a l s o u p onthe an
,
nu al d e v el op m ents i nthe v eg eta bl e and ani
m al ki n d om s T h i s ra d u al a l te r a t i onof the p osi t i onO f the
g g .

S ol ar S y stem i nthe si d er eal sp aces a nd the el em ental chan , g es

co nse qu ent the reu po n m ay O f i ts el f b e su ffic i ent i nthe co u rs e

,

o f t i m e to w o r k an e n ti r e ch an g e i n the cha racte r O f organi c

li fe u p onou r glob e ; and s till m i ghti er chang es i nstill m igh ti er
pe ri od s O f ti m e m ay b e w r ou g ht i nthe wh ol e a sp ect of cr ea
,

t io n p hy s i c a l an
,
d m or al by thos e i nconce iv a bly m or e stu
,

p end ou s r e v ol u ti ons to w hi ch all Of th ese a r e su b or d inate *

It .

i s by the c o m bi ne d i nfl u enc es O f all oth er c i r cl es O f m ov e m en t

an d c rea ti on th at e ach p a r ti cu l a r c i r cl e i s p re ci s ely w ha t i t i s;

,

an d w h ene v e r t h er e i s an ch an g e i nthe fu n c ti onal op e r a ti on s

y
of a n po r ti onO f the g r an d sy s te m O f B e i n g or of an y o f i ts
y ,

su b sy s te m s p hy s ical m en
-
,
tal or m o r al th er e i s a cc or di n
, ,
g to , ,

P f s Ni h l h gg t d th i d th t th
ro es or c o as su es e k d h ng f li t nd
e ea a e m ar e c a es o c m a e, a

h ence of th e organic and oth er p rod u ctions of the ea rth , w h i ch occu rred d u r i ng th e
l
geo ogi ca l p e riod s, m ay not h a v e been en ti r el y di sconnec ted w i th th e m ov em ents of
th e so arl y
s ste m thr ou gh th e l
stel ar sp aces. ( See Ni chol s Archi tectu re
’
of the
H eav e s n ”)
 CIRCLES .

the la w of s y m p athy necessarily s om e co r el ate d change i nall

,
-

c i r c l e s of op er a t io ni n cl u d e d i nthi s h ow e v e r i n
,
app re c i abl e to

h u m anc oncep ti ons tha t c hange m ay b e .

T hu s d o w e se e tha t the gre at sy s tem of u niv e rs al N atu r e ,

fr om i ts m os t c om p reh e ns iv e ou tli nes a s a w hol e d ow nto i ts ,

i nfini te ss i m a l p ar ts i s one co m p ac t s y st e m of c o r el a te d
,
-

”
w heel s w i thi nw heel s ,
w hi c h pl a y h ar m oni ou sly tog ethe r a s ,

t he v a r io u s an d m u tu ally d e p end ent p a r ts of a m o s t su bli m e

an d m agnifi cent M achi ne " It i s a m a chine how e v e r w hi ch , , ,

not w i thstand i ng i ts p e r fe ctio n a s a m achi ne i s nei the r ab so ,

lu tely sel f p r op elli ng nor ca ni t e v olv e i ts app r op r i a te fab r ic s

-
, ,

an d thu s fu lfill the d e sig ns of i ts M a k e r w i thou t the co ns tant

,

an d in telli ge nt su p e r i nte n d enc e of a su p er io r Pow e r— e v e nthe

P ow er fr om w hich i t r e c e iv e d i ts o ri gi n a s has b e for e b e en
-w

i nti m ated and w ill b e m or e p ar ti cu l a rly ill u s tra te d h e r eafter

, .

The gene ral and p a r ti cu l ar nu m ber s of p r ogr e s siv e g r ad er

t i on s whi ch e x te n d fr om b egi n ni ngs to end i ngs and thu s con ,

s ti tu te eac h k n ow n ci r c l e of d e v e l op m e n ts or eac h k n
,
ow n

form of a p e r fe ct s er i e s th at i s i nw ov enw i th all o ther s i nthe

,

t e xtu r e of n a tu r e
,
h a v e h er e tofore b een m ai ntained to b e
TH REE an d S EV E N
. The r e as ons for c o nsi d e r i ng th e s e a s the
nu m b er s of p er fe cti onappli cabl e to e v er y co m pl ete sy stem o f
,
n
b e i ng have b e e e x tensiv ely ill u s trated i nfor eg oi ng p ag es and ,

nee d not b e r ep eated i nthi s pl ace .

 C H A P TE R XX .

THE D O C TR I N E OF D EGREE S .

TH E e xpo si tionof the ser i a l and ci r cu la r o r d er of natu r e s ’

op er a tio n s an d consti tu ent p ar ts as giv en i n the for eg oing

,

chap ter p r ep ar es u s for the m ore fu ll com p reh ensionof another

,

d oct r i ne w hi ch i s of n
,
o l ess i m po r tan ce thanthe p r eviou s one .

I r efer to the tr u th th at each c om pl ete sy stem of cr eati onand

Op er ati on fr om g r eatest to sm all es t tog eth er w i th the w h ol e
, ,

r e al m of b e i n g as one S y ste m i s r e s olvabl e i nto d i stinct D eg r ees

, ,

a s s oc i a te d w i th e ac h o th e r a c cor d i ng to a c er tai nd efini te or d e r

—and tha t each com pl ete S y stem a s one com p r ehensi v e D e
g ree i s conne cte d afte r the sam e g ener al o rd er w i th the one
, , ,

i m m ed i a tely b eneath and th at i m m ed ia tely ab ov e i t i n the

, ,

g ene ral s cal e Thi s d oc tr i ne of D egre es ha s b e enconstantly

.

i nti m a te d i n for egoi ng d i s cu ss i ons ; b u t i ts i m p or tance a s a

g ene ral gu i d e to tr u th d e m and s for i t a m or e d i r e ct and p ar
,

t i cu lar ill u s tra ti on w hi ch shall n

,
ow b e giv en .

The w r i te r s the or y of D egr e e s w a s for m ed m ai n ly fr om a

’

d i r e ct s tu d y of natu r e and w i th b u t li ttl e i m m e d i ate a i d fr om

,

h u m an s u gges ti ons b eyond w hat w as c ontai ne d i n the m er e

w or d
“ ”
D egre es a s appli e d t o n a tu r e s u n
’
fol d i n s b u t w h en
, g
onthe p oi n t of pl aci n th e p r e s en t w or k con tai n i ng a chap te r
g ,

on thi s su bj ec t i nthe h an
,
d s o f the p r i nte rs m y a ttenti onw a s
,

c all e d by a fr i en d t o the teachi ngs of EM ANUEL S W ED EN B O R G

on the sa m e su bj e c t S o fa r a s I u nd e r stand w h at that c el e
.

b rate d phi lo so p h er has w r i ttenu p o nthi s th em e I a m d eli ghte d ,

 THE D O C TR I N E or DEGREES . 2 01

i nb ei ng bl e to r ecogniz e i t not only as e nti rely tru e b u t highly

a ,

i nte r esti ng and i m p or tant at the s am e ti m e that I find i ni t a

confi rm ati onof the p r i ncip les i nv olv e d i nm y p re vi ou s thou gh ts
u po n t he s am e s u bj ec t Thi s h ow ev er i s sai d w i thou t the
'

.
, ,

i ntenti onto i nti m ate any opi ni ona s to the tru thfu l ness or u n
t r u th fu l n ess of the g en e r al w r i ti ng s of S w ed enb or g concerni ng ,

w hich i n de ed I k n
,
ow c om p ar a tiv e ly li ttl e
,
.

The d octr i n e of S w e d en b or g concerni ng D egr ees i s essen ,

ti ally s i m il ar to that whi ch I ha d c on c eiv e d the m ai n d iffe r ,

en ce a s i d e fr om
,
hi s p ec u li ar te r m i nol ogy consi sti n g i n hi s ,

e x cl u siv e u s e of the ter n a r y d ivi si on w h ere a s I a s a g en e r al

, ,

ru l e u s e the sep ti n
,
a r y as i n v olv i n the ter n
,g a ry In S w e d e n .

b org s w r i ti ng s how e v er, I find m any featu r e s and applicati ons

’

of thi s d oc tr i n e of w hi ch I ha d n ot b e for e c on ce iv ed ; w hi l e ,

i nm y ow np r evi ou sly e m bo d i e d th ou ghts u p on thi s s u bj e ct ,

th e r e w ere i d ea s w hi c h I h a v e not y et fou n d i nS w e d enbo r g I .

am th er efor e i n
,
d u c e d t o so far m o d i fy the chap ter I had
,

wr i tten on thi s su bj ect a s to giv e a g eneral r e fl e x of w ha t i s

,

e s sen ti al an d fu nda m ental i nbo th form s of the co ncep tion i n ,

d oi ng w hi ch I S h all so far c h ange m y ow np r e vio u sly a d op te d

t erm i n ology a s to a voi d a c on
,
fou nd i ng orf i d e as e ss en t i ally

d i ffe r en t a s o r i gi n
,
ati n g w i th the S w ed i s h p hilo sop h e r and m y

S w e d enb or g m ak e s D eg rees of tw o ki nd s v iz c onti nu o u s ,

.
,

D eg ree s or D egr ees of l ati tu d e and d i scr eet D egr ees or D e

, , ,

gr ees of al ti tu d e C onti nu ou s D egrees or D e gr ees of l ati tu d e

.
, ,

a re “
d es cr ib ed a s b ei ng lik e d eg r ee s ligh t to shad e fr om fr om ,
”
h eat to col d from hard to soft fro m g r o ss to s u b tl e e tc
, , , .

B u t D i scr ee t D eg r ee s ar e d esc r ib ed a s “ enti rely d i ffer ent

”

“
fr o m th ese i nth at th ey ar e i nthe r el atio nof p r i or po s te r io r
, , ,

an d p o str em e or of en d cau se and effe ct

, Th ey a r e call ed .
, ,

.
” “
D is cr eet D egr ees continu es the wri ter b ecau se the p rior i s
, ,
2 02 .
r II E
'
D O CTR I N E OF DE GREES .

by i tsel f the p oste ri or by i tsel f and the p ostr em e by i tsel f ;

, ,

b u t s till tak ent og e th e r th ey m ak e a one

, , .

F u r th er ill u str a ti ons of the s am e s u bj e c t a r e giv enas fol

“
lo w s : It i s w ell k now n by ocu l ar e x p e ri enc e that each ,

m u s c l e i nthe h u m anbo d y co n si s ts of v e r y m i n u te fib e r s an d ,

that th ese fasc icu l ate d co n sti tu te tho se l a rg e r on

,
e s ca ll ed m ov ,

in fib rs an h b n l h c un
g e d,
t at u d e s of t e s e p r od u e t he C O m
pb d
w hi c h i s ca ll e d a m u s cl e It i s the s am e w i th the ner v e s : v er y
.

s m all n e r vo u s fib e rs a r e p u t t og e th e r i n to l a rger o n e s w hi ch ,

a pp ea r lik e fil a m e n t s an d by a coll ec ti onof su ch fil am ents the

,

ner v e i s p r o d u ce d It i s al so the sa m e i nthe oth e r co m p agi

.

nati ons confasc icu la ti ons and coll ecti ons of w hi ch the org a ns
, ,

an d vi sce r a c on si st ; for th e se a r e co m po u n d s of fib e rs an d
v essel s v ar io u sly fa shi oned by si m il ar d egree s The ca se i s
,
.

the s am e al s o wi th all a n d e v e r y thi n g of the V ege tabl e Ki ng

d om an,
d wi th all and e v e r y thi ng of the M i nera l Ki n g d om ;
i nw oo d th er e i s a c o m p agi n a ti ono f fil am en ts i n th r ee fol d -

o r d e r ; i n m e tal s an d s to n e s th e r e i s a co n gl ob ati onof p arts

al s o i nthr e e fol d o r d er -
Thes e c onsi d erati ons show the natu re
.

o f D i s cr e e t D e g r ee s n am ely th a t on
,
e i s form ed fr om an
,
o th er ,

an d by m eans o f the s e co nd a thi r d or co m p o s i te ; and t hat

, ,
”
ea ch D eg r e e i s d i scr ee t fr om an
,
o th er .

Inasm u ch a s the s e c on d D egr ee i nan t r in e p r o ce ed s fr o m

y ,

the fi rs t an ,
d the thi r d fr om the s eco nd i t w as al s o tau gh t by ,

S w ed enbo r g that the fi rs t D egr e e i s all i nall i nthe su b se

,
“
qu ent d egr ee s ; ari d that the u l ti m ate D eg r ee i s the com pl e x ,

conti nent and b asi s of the p r io r D egr e es by w hich l a tter

, ,

phras e I u nd er stand to b e m eant th at i nthe u l ti m ate D eg ree , ,

all the D eg ree s r e c e iv e p e r m an en t p o te n t i al an d u tiliz ed e m

, ,

bo d i m ent .

Thi s d oc tri ne of D egree s i s e x tended by S wed enbo rg to

e v ery d e artm en f ex i sten c e w h eth er i nthe p hy si cal m o ral
p t o , , ,
 THE D O C TR INE O E D E GR EE S . 2 03

c vi il p sy chol ogical or spi r i tu al w o rl d s and e vento the infini te

, ,

D ivine C o nsti tu ti oni tsel f of w hich th ey ar e the ou tb i r ths and

,

co r r esp ond enc es He i nd e e d m ai ntai ns th at all a nd e v er y

.
, ,

thi n g i n e ach for m of b e i ng fr o m g rea tes t to sm all e s t o f , ,

whi ch tr i u ni ty m ay b e p r e d ica te d c ontai ns D egr e es b oth c ,

t in u ou s an d d i sc r e et H e m ai nta i ns tha t the k no w l ed ge of

.

D i scr e et D egr ees i s of the g r ea test phil osophi cal i m p or tance ,

an d tha t on e w ho a d e q u a tely p os s e ss e s i t w ill the r e by b e ,

en abl ed to se e c au s e s w i thou t the p r e vi ou s i n d icati ons of the i r

e ffe cts an
,
d m ay e v en form ac cu r ate c oncl u s i on s r esp e c ti ng
thi n g s invi s ibl e to w hich the sam e d octr i ne of:d eg r ees m u s t
,

nec essa rily ap ply *

.

S u ch then i s the d o ctr i ne of D eg r e es a s tau ght by

, ,

S w e d enb org Bu t tho u gh i t i s tru e S O far as i t g oes I a m

.
, ,
‘

not a w a r e t hat i t e ven cl a i m s to b e p e rfec t i n su ch a s e ns e

as n ot to ad m i t in t o i ts c o m p osi ti on s om e a d d i ti ona l c on

s i d er ati ons I d o not su pp ose that S w e d enb or g hi m sel f

.

m e an t t o c on v ey the i d ea tha t ea ch one of hi s D i scr e e t D e

g r ee s w as i tsel f anab solu tely si m p le u ni ty ; and i t i s highly
p rob abl e th at i f he had b e en qu es tioned d i r e ctly on the s u b
u l d ha v e a d m i tte d th a t e a c h on e of the s e w as
j ec t
,
he w o

i tsel f of a thr e efol d constitu t ion e sp eci ally as he has ap

-
,

a r en tl c arr i e d the d octr i n e of the tr i n e d o w n e v e nt o i n

p y .

fini te si m als .

L et S w e d enb org s fi rs t i scr e e t D egre e th en s tand for

’
D , ,

w h at i n the s ep ti n
,
ary c l as s ifi c a t i on s
g iv en i n t h e p r e ced ing
“
p ag e s has b e encall e d the P r i m ar y Tr i ni ty let hi s s econd
,
“
D egre e s tand for ou r S e co n d ar y Tr i ni ty an d let hi s thi r d ,

or u l ti m a te D eg ree w hi ch he say s i s the

“ c o m p l e x c on ti nent
, , ,
”
an d b a si s of the p r i o r d e g r e es stand for ou r sev enth d ivi si on , ,

S
See w ed enorg s b ’
Di vi ne Lov e and Di vi ne Wisd om ,
” from N o
. 1 79 to 241 .
2 04 TH E D O C TR I N E OF DEGREES .

whi ch w e h a v e co ns tantly tho u gh ino th er term s r ep r esented

, ,

a s the c o m pl e x c on
,
ti n en t an d b a s i s of all p re vi ou s d ivi sions
,

— a nd thi s vi e w w i thou t the sli h test vi ol ence to an e ssenti al

g y
d oc tri ne of S w e d en b org w ill b r i ng the th eo ry of D egr ees p re
,

c i s el i nto t he for m i nw hi c h I had c o n c e iv e d i t I b eli e v e

y .

that w hil e S w ed en b or g hi m sel f m ai nta i ned that tr i u ni ty w as

p r ed i ca bl e of all com pl e tene s s he al s o d i stinctly tau ght that
r

t he n u m b er sev en w a s the c om m onn u m b e r of co m p l e te ne ss .

C o nsi s tently w i th thi s th en i t w ou l d s ee m tha t he c o u l d

, ,

not a v oi d a d m i tti ng th at the s ep ti ni ty i n s om e w ay i n

v olv e d the trine — of the t ru th of w hi c h i d ea a v ery sm a ll
p or ti on of the e xi s ting e vi d enc e i s sp read th r ou gh the fore
g oi ng p ag es .

The d oc tri ne of D eg rees of al ti tu d e th en i n the light of , ,

p ri ncipl es h eretofor e e stabli sh ed and whi ch d o u b tl e ss S w e d en

,

b org hi m sel f w ou l d hav e a d m i tted m ay b e p r esente d i nthe

,

follo w i ng m o difi e d for m

L e t eac h co m po nent g r a d ation i n the s ev enfol d seri es b e -

call ed anE lem enta l D eg r ee .

L et eac h Tr i ni ty of El em e ntal D eg r ees ( the Pr i m a ry and

S e cond ar y T ri ni ti e s a s d i s ti ng ui sh e d i n for eg oi ng p ag e s) he
,

call e d a D i scr eet D egr ee ; and

L et ea ch s ev e nfol d s er i e s a s a wh ol e b e ca ll ed a C om p lete
-

, ,

D eg re e W e h av e th u s El em ental D eg r ees D i scr e et D e

.
,

g rees and C o m pl ete D eg rees

,
.

F or e x am p l e le t the Mi neral Ki ng d o m b e co nsi d er e d a s

,

on e C om p le te D eg r ee the V egetabl e Ki n
,
g d om as ano th er ,

an d the Ani m al Ki n g d om as anoth er ; w hil e each Tr i ni ty of

d e v el op m ents i n e ach of tho se K in gd om s a s b efo r e r ep re
,
«

s en ted i s con s i d er e d a s a D i scr eet D eg r e e an d each m e m b er

, ,

of ea ch of t ho se Tr i n i ti es i s consi d er ed as anE lem enta l D e

g ree ; and the w hol e th eory of D eg rees of al ti tu de w i ll
 -
TH E D O C TR I N E O E D E G R E E S . 2 05

a pp e ar I n a g eneral and p articu l ar fo rm of em bo d i m ent that

will b e i ntelli gibl e to m ost m i nd s .

Ea ch C om p lete D egr e e v i e w e d i n thi s light w i ll app ear

,
.
,

c on ne cted w i th the contig u o u s C om p l ete D egr ee i nthe s am e ,

w ay a s ea ch D i scr eet D e g r e e i s con nected w i th i ts c onti gu o u s

D i sc r eet D egr ee and a s eac h E lem enta l D eg r e e i s co nne cted
,

wi th i ts contigu ou s El em ental D egr ee ; s o that N atu re a s a ,

whol e will exhibi t the sam e as c end i ng ord er of C om p lete D e

,

g rees (or sy s te m s) that i s e xhibi te d by the E lem enta l D egr e es

com
p osm
g a n s e v enfol d s e r i e s
y I ca n
-
n o t a v oi d the t h ou gh t
.

tha t thi s cl ass ifi ca ti on of D egr e e s d u ly u n d e r sto od w o u l d , ,

p r e s ent a ne w and i m p or tant ai d to a p r op er c om p r eh ens i on

o f the en s em b le a s w e ll a s the p a r ti cu la r s of n
,
a tu r e w i th ,

her for c es m o d e s of o p er ati on and m u tu al r el a ti on

,
s of
,

p ar ts .

Invi e w of the ci r cu la r c onsti tu ti onand o r d er of p r oc ession

of ea ch sy stem of b eing a s ill u strated i n the ,
ch ap te r i m

m e d i ately p r eced i n thi s w e a re p r e p are d to fu r th e r r e m ar k

g , ,

th at D e g r ees of al ti tu d e of e ach of the se k i n d s r e su l t fr om a ,

s ir a l u
p p r i si n g s o t
,
o sp e a k o f t he c i r cl e,
of d e v e l op m e nt by ,

w hi c h the fi rs t Elem en ta l D egr ee a s c en d s to the a l ti tu d e of the

s ec on d the s e c d to the thi r d and so on; or by w hi c h the fi r st
, ,

D i scr eet D eg r ee p r ogr e ss i v ely r i s es to the al ti tu d e of the

s econ d and the s e co n
,
d t o the thi r d and by whi ch on e w hol e
,

c i r c le of d e v e l op m en ts i n b e i n g co m pl eted thu s for m i ng a

‘

, ,

C om p lete D eg r e e p as s es ou t i nto anoth er and hig her ci r cle or

,

C o m p l e te D eg r ee F or e x am pl e one oc ta v e i nm u si c w hich
.
, ,

m ay b e co n s i d ere d as a s e r i e s of E lem en ta l D eg r e es of s ou n d ,

for m s one C o m pl e te D eg r e e of s ou nd and e a c h o th er octav e ,

form s ano th er C o m pl ete D eg r ee su p erio r or i nfer io r to i t ao , ,

co rd ing as i t i s abov e or b elow i t ; and a s i m il ar r em ar k i s

a plicabl e to the Mi n l V g t bl n d A ni m al Ki n d o s
p e ra e e a e a
, g m
, ,

18
2 06 .
TH E D O C TR I N E OF DEGREES .

b efore r efe rr e d to a s c ontig u o u s and C om p lete D egr ees Of

c reati on the highe r of whi ch a r i se i nsom e s ense of the ter m
, ,
“p r og r e ss i on ou of the l
t,
ow e r .

O f th ese l atter Ki n g d o m s it m a
y b e s a i d th a t th e y ,a r e a l l
i na ccor d w i th ea ch o th e r a s d iffer ent o c tav e s i nm u sic ha vi ng
k
,

t he sa m e ey n o te In other w or d s ea ch C o m pl ete D eg ree

-
.
, ,

C i rcl e or Ki ng d om seem s to b e m em b er by m em b Er a rf e x
, , , ,

a ct c ou n te rp ar t of the o th e rs ona high er or low er s cal e ; an

, d
t hi s m ay b e s ai d of m an y o th e r C o m p l e te D eg r ees A C om . .

l t D eg r ee ho w e v e r m a t k e i ts r i s e a n w h e r e al on g t h
p e e , y ,
a
y e

c i r cl e of a nan te ce d e n t D e g r e e i n the s am e w a y a s a n
, y n o t e

i n an octa v e m ay b e ta k e n a s the i ni ti al note of a n othe r an d

in d ep en d ent o c ta v e F or e x am pl e i t w a s show n i n p r e
.
,

ce ding p ag es that the s ev enfol d seri es of o u te r ter r e stri al

,
-

d e v el op m en ts as m en ,
ti on e d by M oses co m m en ce d u p onthe
,

b asi s of the thi r d d e v elop m ent i nthe com p reh ensiv e ge ognos
ti c s er i e s w hich had b e en b e for e d esc r ib e d ; an
,
d m any
m or e e x am p l es of a s i m il ar k i n d m igh t b e giv en w er e i t
. k
ne cessary B u t ho w e v er the ey no tes of d iffe rent oc ta v es -

or C o m pl e te D eg r ee s) of n a tu ra l d e v el op m e n i
( ts m a
y d ffe r ,

t he o c ta v es th em selv es all co n ta i nthe sam e n u m b e r of p a r t s

,

which ha v e s i m il ar r el ations to e ach o ther and occu r i nthe ,

s am e o r d er of su cc e s si on; a n d th er efo r e all ar e g ov er n ed by

t he s am e ser i al an d g r a d a tio nal la w .

The d oc tr ine of D egr ees m igh t r eceiv e a m u ch m o r e ex

t en d e d i llu str ation a n d ap p lica ti on t h an i s e xhibi te d abov e ,

b u t a s ou r obj e ct s hou l d fi r st b e to establi sh g en er a l p r i n

cip les the fo r egoi n

,
g m u st su ffi ce for the p re sent O w i ng to .

i ts nov el ty an d s o m ew ha t ab stru se n a tu r e thi s d o c tr i n

,
e

m a t o t he o r d inar y r ea d er b e at fi rs t so m e w h at d i ffic u l t
y, ,

of fu ll co m p r eh e n s io n; b u t I can co n fid en tly assu r e hi m

‘

that i f by the li ttl e p ersev eran

, ce of m en tal effo rt that will
 THE D O C TR I N E OE DEGREES . 207

be re qu i red he su cc ee ds i n m aste r ing i t he will find th at

, ,

i t w ill g r e atly s i m pli fy and fa c ili ta te i nv estigation in ev er y

o th er d ep ar tm ent of tho u gh t wh ether i np hy sics p sychol ogy
, , ,

th e ology or a s rel ati n

,
g to any of thei r nu m er o u s cognate
su bj e c ts
.
 C H A P TE R X X I .

THE D O C TR I N E OF C ORRE S P O N D E N C E S .

AS a natu ral se qu ence of c i nes of S eri al C i r cl es and

the d o tr ,

of D eg r ee s as p r es en
, te d i n the fo r egoi n g p ag es a ri ses that ,

d octr i ne of C O R RES P ONDENC ES whi ch has b eenthe g u i d e to so

m an y i m p or tant c oncl u s ions s et fo r th inthi s w or k All p e r .

fe ct S eri es C i r cl e s or c o m p l ete D eg r ee s involv ed i nthe sy s

, ,

t em of c r eatio n m u st of co u r s e p r oc eed fr o m the s a m e fi n

, , ,
al

C au se ; an d as th ey m u st thu s co r r esp on d to the co m m o nfi nal

C au s e th e y m u st h ence i n so m e w ay co rre spo nd to e a ch
, , ,

o th er. M o r eov er e v er y com p l ete D eg r ee i nthe ch aracter of

,

a C i r cl e n ,
eces s a r ily i nvolv es the sam e p ri ncipl es of consti tu
t io nwi th all o th e r C i r cl es an d th ere for e m u st i nthe g ener a l
, ,

s en se c or r e sp on
, d to all oth er s w h eth er they b e ona higher or
,

low er s cal e And as ea ch ci r cl e consi s ts of the s am e nu m b er

.

of p a r ts w hich o cc u r i nthe s am e or d er of se qu e n
, ce a n d r el a
t i on s s o e a ch p a r t of a n c i r cl e co r r e sp o n d s i n the g en er a l
, y ,

sen se
,
t o the si m il ar ly d i sp ose d p a r ts of all o th er ci r cl es .

Thu s i t i s that if w e ac qu ai nt ou rs elv es tho r ou ghly wi th the

,

c h ara c ter i stics a n d i nte ri or p ri n cipl e s o f a n y co m p l e t e c i r cl e

or D e g r e e i n n a tu r e w e m ay i na g en
,
e r al w ay m ak e i t the
, ,

e x p on en t O f all o th er ci r cl es or co m p l e te D egr ee s B u t in .

o r d er to p u rsu e thi s co rr e sp ond enti al m eth od of i nv estig ati on

t o the b e st a d van tag e a n d w ith the m o st a ccu ra te re su l ts i n
,

the w ay of elici ti n g tru th w e m u st of cou rse hav e a d u e r e

, , ,

d t th l t i v p o i tio n in t h whol ran d c al o

g a r o e r e a e s s e e g s e r
 C O R R E S P O N D E N CE S . 2 09

C i rcl e cr eatio n occu pi e d by the tw o ci r cl es whi ch ar e the

of ,

sp e ci al t erm s of c om p ar i s on an d to the p e cu li ar i ti es of qu ali ty

,

an d d e v el op m ent i n c i d en t to th ei r r e sp e ctiv e p osi t on

i s .

The c om p ar i sone xhibi t ed i n for eg oi ng p a e s b etw e enPr i g

,

m a r y an d S econd ar y Tr i ni ti e s or D i s c r e e t D eg re es a s t h e y
, ,

w e r e s u b s e qu e n tly call ed show s th at the r e e xi s ts al s o a g en

,
e

r al a n d p a r ticu l a r cor r e sp ond e nce b etw e enthem ; b u t thi s c or

r e sp on d e nc e i s not s o p er fect a s tha t w hi ch e xi s ts g e n e r ally ,

d p a r ti c u l ar ly b e tw eenthe C om p lete D eg re es or Octa v es of

,

na tu ra l u nfol d i ng .

It m ay m o r e ov er b e sai d th at any tw o c re ati ons for m s or

, , , ,

d e v elo p m en ts w hi c h i n
,
v olv e the sa m e p r i ncip les of cons tit u
t i onan d op er a tion c or r e sp on ,
d to e ach o th er h ow e ve r v ar i ou s ,

m a b e the sp e cifi c d ep a r tm e n t s of e xi s ten c i n hi h t h y

y e w c e

m a b e fou n d A n i d en ti ty of p r i n ci les i n d d i th n
y .
p e e s ,
e e sse ,

t i a l b a si s of corr e sp on d ence b e t w e en hi gh e r and l ow er or b e ,

t w e enu l te r io r an d p r i or d e v el op m ents ; a nd i nthe ligh t of thi s

fac t all form s and d e v el op m ents i nthe m ate r i al a nd e x te r io r
,

w orl d m ay b e seento co r r esp ond e v ento thing s of a sp i r i tu a l

natu re ; and thi ng s of a spi r i tu al natu r e m ay on the o th e r ,

h and b e s een to co rr e sp ond to th em

,
Ind eed i f the s ci enc e
.
,

of C o rr esp o n d en ce s w e r e d u ly d e v e l op e d n at u r e w ou l d a, p
p ear as i f i nv e sted w i th ten th ou sa nd tongu es w hi c h w ou l d ,

conti nu ally b e v ocal w i th i ns tru c ti on Every ki ng d om and .

form ; e v er y sh ru b and tr e e ; e v er y l eaf and flo w e r ; e v e r y

i nsec t b east an
,
d bi r d n
,
ay e v e r y p oi n
,
t of co m p as s an d an g l e

of d i re c ti on fr om an iv en p o i n t an d e v e r y cu r v e c i r cl e
y g , , ,

spi ral o r o the r m athe m a tical fi gu r e w ou l d sp e ak a d i sti n

, ,
ct

l angu a ge and d i sc ou r s e of a s ep ar a te tr u th ; and the w h ol e

,

r an d sy s t e m of N a tu r e as O n e w ou l d con t i nu ally d i s c ou r s e
g ,

of i ts I n fini te D ivi ne Au thor of who se cr eative Wi s d om and

,

L ov e i t i s b u t ano u ter e xp r essionand co rr esp o nd e nt "

21 0 C O R R E S P ON D E N C E S .

The d o c tr i ne s of S er i e s ,
cor r esp o nd
C i r cl e s , D eg re es ,
a nd
e m ee s th e r e for e if p r op e r ly d e v e l op e d a n
, ,
d un d e rs tood w ou l d ,

b e the m o s t e ffi ci e nt of all p os sibl e ai d s t o the d i s cov e r y of

that gr an d s y s tem of gene ral tru th w h os e m illi on s of p ar ts a r e

all ha r m on i ou s m u tu ally e xpl anatory and corr ob ora tiv e of

, , ,

e a c h o the r. L e t the l ea d i ng m ind s of t he age then b e stow , ,

d u e a ttenti onu p onthe d e v el op m ent of th e s e p r i ncipl e s of i n

v es tiga tion; a n d i np r op or ti ona s th ey a r e c om p r eh e nd e d and
a ppli e d i n the w o rl d t he c on ,
fli cts of the v ar iou s p ar ti e s i n
p hil osophy the ol ogy and e v enp oli ti cs w ill b e s w all ow ed u p
, , ,

i none g r an d and h ar m on i ou s sy ste m of thou ght the cr e d en ,

t i als of w hos e tru th fu l ne ss w ill b e b or n e u p oni ts v e r y fa c e t o ,

b e se enand r e a d of all m en Wi th the a i d of s u c h a s y s tem

.
,

p r op e rly u nfol d e d e v en the chil d m i ght se t ou t oni ts co u rse

,

of p r og r es s i on w i th the u n
,
a d u lter a ted t ru th a nd e v e n the ,

w hole t r u th— w hi c h thou gh a t fi rs t i na d i m i n

,
i shed form of
r ep r e sen ta ti on a n
,
d i nv olv e d i ncom p rehens iv e g en e r al s w o u l d , ,

a s the m i n d e xp and ed gr a du ally m agni fy and r eg u l a rly and

, ,

h a rm oni ou sly u nfol d i nto p a rti cu l ars for e v e r and e v er The , .

h arm ony of thou ghts thu s b rou ght ab ou t inthe w or l d w ou l d , ,

i np r op or ti onto i ts d eg re e b e ne ce ss ar ily accom p ani e d w i th a

,

m or e i n ti m ate an d spi ri tu al c on j u ncti on wi th the D ivine

S ou r c e of all h ar m ony fr om the p er p etu al i nflow i ngs of w ho se
,

L ov e and Wi sd om all the m ov e m ents of hu m an soci ety i n

, ,

c om m onw i th the m ovem ents of th os e pl ane tary and cel esti al

s ph er e s w hi c h n ow w i tho u t r ese rv ati on ow nthe D ivi n
, e s w ay
, ,

w ou l d p r oc ee d w i tho u t a j ar or a si n gl e note of d i s cor d Thi s

, .

w ou l d b e the lo ng loo k ed for ,and long p ray e d for r eign of

- -

G od u p onea rth '

 C H A P TE R X X I I .

THE D O C TR I N E OF PRO GRE S S I VE D E VEL O P M E N T .

ON Ei m p or tant obj ect of thi s treati se a s d ou b tl ess has b e en

,

O b ser v ed i s to e xhibi t the co nnecti onof na tu r e wi th her i n

,

t e ri or p r od u ci n
, g C a u se an d
,
p e r vad i ng L i fe forc e T h e r
-
e ad er .

who has attentiv ely follo w e d u s i n the p r evi ou s d i scu ssi ons
h avi ng a b e a ri ng u p on thi s su bj ec t has ob s er ved th at ou r
,

p hil osophy has u ni for m ly tend e d to the i d ea of ani ntellig ent ,

vol u ntativ e D I VINE AG EN C Y as c oncerned i n the o r i gi na nd

,

gov ernm ent of the o u ter sy stem of thi ng s B u t as ou r obj ec t .

sho u l d b e to d i s cov e r tr u th for the sa k e of tru th i rr e sp e c ti v e ,

of i ts ch arac ter or co n se q u en ces i t wo u l d b e m ani festly i n

,

consi s tent to ignor e any facts or m ani fe st p ri ncipl e s of nat u re

w hich h a v e b e en tho u ght by an p ar ty i n phil os o p hy t o
y
m ili tate ag a i n s t co n cl u si ons su ch as tho se exhibi ted i n ou r
p re vi ou s r e asonings As the ne x t natu ral s tep b ey ond the
.
'

for egoi n g i nv estigations th er efore w e p r oce e d to b r i e fly

, ,

notice the m eri ts of a p end i ng c ontrov e r sy em b r aci ng su b , ,

s tan tially the qu e st io n n

,
s w heth er the sy s tem o
, f a tu r e i s the

r es u lt o
f the op nof a ni nher ent for ce
er a ti o or la w fp
o r og r essi v e

d ev elop m ent " or w hether i t i s the r esu lt o

f a ser i es o
f sp eci a l

a nd i ndep endent n f D i v i ne Pow er , w i th li ttle or M

ex er ti o s o

r eg a r d to la w " Th ou gh th ese qu estions su gg est tw o opp os i te

i
v ew s , ne i th er of which w e are abl e to ad op t wi thou t som e
i m p o rtant qu ali fi catio ns, i t i s p r o p er tha t th e y sho u l d h er e b e

exhi bi te d tog eth er wi th the m ain fea tu r es of the d i scu ssio n

,
s
21 2 P R O G R E S SIVE D EVE L O P M E N T .

t h ey hav e eng end er ed i n the for m i n w hich they hav e ex

,

t en si v el
y o cc u pi e d th e m in d s of p hil osoph er s a nd theo

logi ans of l a te y ear s ; and i t m ay b e th at i n the ligh t ,

d e v e l op e d by th e i r conflicti n g affi r m ativ e and ne ga ti v e

a r gu m e n ts a tr u e m od ifi ed th eor y will b e b r o u gh t i n
, to
V i ew .

A few y e ar s ago th er e w as p u bli sh e d ananony m o u s w o r k

en ti tl e d V ES T I G ES O F THE NAT URAL H I S TO RY OF C REAT I O N
, ,

i nw hi ch the i d ea tha t c rea tio n i s the natu r a l r esu l t of the

op e r ati on of c e r tai n fix e d l aw s i s in g eni ou sly m ai ntai ned
, .

Thou gh the au thor of that w o r k d oes not r ej e ct the i d e a of a

r em ote he r ej e c ts th at of an i m m ed i a te D i v i n
, ,
e Ag en cy a s ,

c on ce r n e d i n the g e n e r a t i on an d g ov e r n m en t of the o u te r

fo r m s of n a tu r e ; an d as hi s p osi ti ons v i ew ed i n one lig ht

, ,

p r e s e nt u ni ntenti onally p erh ap s on hi s p a r t a cond ensed

, , , ,

sy n op s i s of the w h ol e gr o u n d w o r k of the pa nth ei stic a nd

m a te r i ali s ti c philo s ophy i t i s p r op e r tha t th ey sho u l d h er e
,

b e su m m a rily e x hibi te d .

Assu m i ng the c orr e c tne ss of the neb u l ar th e ory of cos m ical

c reati ons (afte r epi tom izi ng i na cog ent and feli ci tou s m anne r
, ,

the p r om i n en t p oi n ts of e vi d en ce on w hi ch thi s theor y i s

b as ed ) the au th or u rg e s thi s th e ory as exhibi ti ng a s u cc e ssi on
,

O f la w g ov ern
-
ed cha n g es by w hi
,
c h p r i m or d i al m a t te r w as

r e s ol v e d i n to s te ll ar sy s te m s s ol ar sy s tem s a n
,
d pl anets w i th
, ,

all th e i r p r e se n t g en e r al an d p a r ticu l a r m ov e m ents i nsp a ce .

The fa ct s inC he m i str y and G e ol ogy a re th en co nsi d e r ed a s ,

s h ow i n th at the p r e s en t s tr u c tu r e a n d phy s i cal a r ran g e m en ts

g
of ou r gl ob e o e the r w i th all s i m il ar gl ob e s i n sp ac e
( g
t )
o rigi n a te d p r ob a bly fr om l aw s g ov er ning soli d fl u i d and
, , , ,

vap or i form su b stance s .

The p r ogressiv e an d law d ete rm i ned d e v el op m ent al s o of , ,

org a n i c b ei n gs bo th in the V eg etabl e and ani m al k i ng d om s,

,
 VE S TI G E S O E C R EATI O N . 21 3

w i th m a n at th e i r h ead , i s then m ai ntai ned by argu m ents,

of the m or e i m po r tant of which, the follo w i n g i s a b r i ef
s y nop si s .

1 .
“W e hav e se en p ow erfu l e vi d ence say s the au th or , ,

“that the constru c tio nof thi s gl ob e and i t s a s so c i ates and

,

i nfe r enti ally th at of all the other gl ob es of sp ace w as the ,

r esu l t n ot of an i m m e d i a te o r p e r s o n al e x e r ti ononthe p a r t
, y
o f the D e i ty b u t o f n ,
a tu r al l aw s which a re the e xp r es si on
,
s

o f hi s w ill Wha t i s to hi nd e r ou r su ppo s i ng that the or ganic

.

c r ea ti on i s al s o the r e su l t of n at u r al l aw s w hich ar e i nli k e

,

m an ner a n e x p r e ssi onof hi s w ill " M or e th an thi s the fac t ,

o f c osm i ca l a rr an e m en ts b ei n g th e e ffec t o f na tu r a l law i s a

g ,

p ow erfu l a rgu m ent for the o r ganic arr ang em ents b ei ng so lik e
wi se ; for how can w e su p p ose that the a u gu st B e i n g w h o

b rou ght all th ese co u ntl e ss w or l d s i nto form by the si m p l e

e s ta bli shm en t of a n a tu r al p r i n cipl e fl ow i ng from hi s m i nd
'

, ,

w a s to i n te r fe re p ers on ally an d sp ec i ally on e v e r y o c casi on

wh en a ne w sh ell fish or r ep til e w as t o b e i ntr od u c ed i nt o
-

”
e xi s ten ce onon e of th e s e w or l d s 2 The w r i ter fu r th er a r g u es
that
“ to a r ea son abl e m i n d the D i v i ne a ttr ib u te s m u st ap
, ,

p ear not d i m ini shed or r ed u ced i n any w ay b u t i nfi ni tely

, ,

e x al te d by s u p os i n a cr ea ti onby law
, p g .

2 The w r i te r s u b m i ts t hat the p r ogr e s s i v e su cces si onof

.

o rgani c b eings as r e v eal ed in fo ssil ol ogy by w hi ch the l ow er

, ,

an d m or e; s i m pl e for m s a s a g ener al r u l e p r e ce d e the high er

, ,

an d m o r e co m pl e x i s i np e r fe ct h arm ony w i th the hyp othe si s

,

of d ev el op m en t by la w ; wh e r e a s on the su pp os i ti on of
,

sp eci a l D ivi n e e x e rt i on s i t m i ght b e su pp ose d that th ere

,

w ou l d ha v e b een m an y s p eci ali ti es of D ivi ne c r eation as ,

e s s en t i ally m od i fyi n g the e xi s ti ng or d e r of thi ngs .

3 Pa r ti cu l a r fa c ts a n d anal ogi e s a s c on ne cted w i th the or

k
.
,
‘
g a n i c i ngd o h n s s e e m to
,
h in t t ha t fo r c e s a r e lo d g e d i nn atu r e
21 4 P ROGRE S SI V E D E V E L O P M E NT

fr o m whi c h i pl er sp eci es in the v eg etabl e and ani m al

the s m

w or l d m a u n d e r c e r ta in c i r cu m s ta n c d iv t h i o igi n
y , e s e r e e r r , .

R e ference i s m ad e to the v eg etabl e lik e form s of fr o s t onthe -

wi nd ow and to the sh ru b lik e form of c ry sta lliza ti onk now n

,
-

t o c hem i stry a s the Ar bor D ia n ce — al so to the v e g et abl e lik e -

for m s of s o m e of the or d in ar y ap p e ar an ce s of t he el e c tr ic

fl u i d ; and fr om th es e p h eno m ena the w r i ter argu e s t he p r ob

a bili ty t ha t el e c tr i ci ty i s l a rg ely co n ce rn e d i n the o r igi n ation

an d g r ow th not o n ly of c r y stal s b u t O f pl ants whi ch assu m e ’

, , ,

for m s a cco r d ing to s p e cific g ene r a tiv e a n d oth e r cond i ti ons .

M or e ov e r the g r o w th of c er tai n p l ants for w hi ch no s e ed s

,

w er e s ow n an d i n s i tu ati ons wh er e i t i s n
,
e x t t o i m p os s ibl e

th at su ch s eed s co u l d h av e e xi s te d i s th ou ght t o a d d p r ob a ,

b i li ty to the th e o ry of a p oss ibl e s p ontaneou s g er m i nati onof

v eg etabl e for m s w i tho u t the o rd i nar y s em i nal m o d e of o ri gi
nation— p rovi d ed su ch ch ang es a r e su d d enly m ad e i nthe i n
g r ed i e n t s a nd co n d i ti o n s o f a soil a s ar e fa v or abl e to the

d ev elop m e n t of o r gan ic fr om i norganic form s The au thor .

al s o m en ti on s the s i n g u l ar fa cts that o ats cr op p ed d o w nso as

t o p r ol on g the p er i od of thei r grow th h a v e b e en k now n to ,

p rog r es s by r egu l a r tr ansm u tati on i nto the for m of r y e ; an

, ,
d
t hat thecabb ag e i s k n ow nto b e i ni ts n at iv e s ta te a tr a ili n
,
g ,

s e a s i d e p l an
-
t to ta lly d i ffe r en
,
t fr o m the pl an t i ni t s c u l tivate d

for m . Th ese l atter facts wi th o the rs ar e th ou ght to s trongly

, ,

s u pp or t the theor y of a tr a n sm u ta ti on of sp eci e s fr o m l ow er

to high er for m s .

4 The for m atio n of e n tozo a or an i m al s wi thi n ani m al s

‘

.
, ,

w he r e th e i r e gg s cou l d n ot p oss ibly h av e b een d ep o s i te d i s ,

thou gh t to a r gu e po w e r fu lly for the i n d ep end en t g en era tio nof

”

the lo w e r an i m al form s w henc er tai ncond i ti ons ob taintha t ar e

,

fa v or abl e Thi s argu m ent i s thou ght to b e s tr engthened by

.

the fact th at i n sec ts of a low sp e ci es the acaru s ) E

( ve r e r ep ea t
 R U D I M E N TA R Y O R G A N S . 21 5

edl p r o d u c e d i n ab u nd anc app ar ently s ol ely by alv anic

y e g ,

p roces s es i nsti tu te d by M e ssrs C rosse and W e ek es ; and i n .

n i nstance, a g row th of fu ngi of a b eau ti fu l a nd p re vio u sly

o e

unk now nsp e ci e s , w as p r o d u ced by the l as t nam ed g entl e m an,

by the p r ocess
sa m e .
*

5 P a r ti cu l ar fe atu re s of an
. im al organizati on which ar e ap ,

a r entl u sel ess an d i n i d nt l r e al s o a dd u c e d i nsu pp or t

p y c e a a ,

o f the sa m e the or y of law d e v el op m en t Thu s fe m al e a n

-
i m al s .

of m an y sp e ci es hav e c e r tai no rg ans w hi ch a r e necessa r y to

t hei r se x ; w hil e the s a m e o rg an s e xi s t r u d i m enta lly i n the
”
m al e s t o w hom
,
the y ar e n ot n ecessa r y F or e x am pl e s ay s .
,

the w r i te r
“ the m am m ae of the h u m an fe m al e by w h om
, ,

the s e org an s a r e obvi ou sly r e qu i re d a l so e xi s t i nthe m al e , ,

w ho has n o o cca s i onfor th e m It m i gh t b e s u pp ose d that i n.

t hi s cas e th e r e w a s a r eg a r d t o u n
'

i for m i ty for m er e app ear

an ce s ak e ; b u t th a t n o su ch p r i n cipl e i s c on ce rned a pp ears ,

fr om a m u c h m or e r em ar k abl e i n s ta n c e conne cte d w i th the

m a rs u pi a l an i m al s The fem al e of that tr ib e has a p r o ce s s of
.

b one advancing fr om the p u b es for the su pp or t of he r p ou ch ,

an d thi s al so ap p e a rs i nthe m al e m a r su pi al w ho has n o p ou ch , ,

”
an d r e qu i r e s no ne O the r ani m al s and esp e ci ally a m ong
k
-
.
,

th os e w hi ch fo rm /lin s b et w eenl ow e r a n d hi gher or d e rs i nthe

s cal e of d e v el op m en t h a v e the r u d i m en ,
t s of o rga n s to the m ,

u n nec ess ar y b u t w hi c h w er e ne c e ssa r y to ani m als b e neath ‘

d I ne e d n
,

th e m i nth e s ca l e ; b u t of fa cts of thi s ki n ot giv e

‘

fu r ther d e tail s The s e ab or tiv e and ru d i m enta ry organs ex

.
,

Th ese a ll eg e d resu lt
s of th e e xp erim e nts of Messrs . C rosse a nd W k ee es, w ere at fi rst

l
a m ost u ni v ersally scou te d a s a b su r d and i m p ossi bl e ; b u t su b q nt
se ue r ep e a ted exp er i

m e nts , p erform ed d u r ing s ev er a ly e ars , s eem to l e av e no d bt f

ou o l ty
th e i r r ea i . I
p e rc ei v e by l a ni c ati on, p u bl ish ed i nth e new sp ap ers, rom
ate com m u f M F F O gd r. . . n,
e

Uni t d e Sta te s onsu l at C L

i v erp ool , tha t th at g e ntlem an h as r ec e ntly i i t d th l b
v s e e a or a

tor y of . C
M r rosse, and b ecam e e nti r ely conv inced of the tru th o f th e nd fu l p
w o er r e re

n
sc u tati o s c o cer g this new ly p rod u ced insect
n nin .
21 6 P R O G R E SS I VE DE V E LOPM E N T .

i sting w h er e y ar e not nece ssa ry m u s t i t i s tho u gh t b e

the , , ,

r e ar d e d a s bl e m i s he s a n d bl un d e rs onth e s u pp os i t i on tha t
g ,

the b e i n s w ho p os s e s s them w er e c r e at e d i n d ep en d en tly an d

g
by sp e ci al e x e rti on; b u t they ar e consi d e r e d a s p r e ci s ely w ha t
m i ht h a v e b e e ne xp e ct e d onthe su pp os i ti ontha t c r ea t i onhas
g
p r oce ed ed throu gh he r v a ri ou s r am ifi ca ti ons and trans i ti onal
s ta e s a c c o r d i n
g ,
g t o the e n er gizi n g an d d i r e c ti ng i n fl u en c e of a

u n i form la w of d e v e l op m ent .

Infu r th e r ill u s tr a ti onand su pp or t of the the or y of p r ogr e s

s i v e d e v el op m e n t t he w r i ter q u o te s the foll ow i n
,
g s tar tli ng
p assage from F letcher s Ru di m ents of Phy s i ology i nw hi ch i t
’
,

i s show n th at the gene r al for m s a nd the or der of su cc e ss i on

, ,
~

o f the d e v el op m en ts i n the an i m al ki ng d om a r e r ep r e s ented ,

by the g ene ral for m s and the o rd er of su cc ess i on of the d e

, ,

ts of the hu m an foetu s
“ ”
v elop m e n It i s a fact ( say s D r
. .

F l etcher ) of the hi ghe s t i n

,
t e r e st a n d m om en t th at a s the ,

b r ai nof e v e ry tr ib e of ani m al s ap p ea r s to p a ss d u r i ng i ts d e ,

v elop m en t i ns u cce ss i ont hr ou gh the typ e s of a ll th ose b elo w

,

i t s o the b ra i nof m anp as s e s th r ou gh the ty p e s of tho se of

n
,

e v e r y t r ib e i nthe c r ea t i on It rep r ese ts accor di ngly b e for e

.
, ,

the s econ d m onth of u te r oge s ta ti on th at of ana v e r teb r a te d ,

an i m al ; at the se cond m onth that of an o sseou s fish ; a t the

,

thi rd that of a tu r tl e ; a t the fou r th that of a bi r d ; a t the

, ,

fi fth that of one of the r od enti a ; at the s ix th th at of one of

, ,

the ru m i n an ti a ; a t the se v en th t ha t of on e of the d i i ta ra d a ;

, g g
a t the e ig hth tha t of on ,
e of the q u ad ru m an a ; t ill a t l en gth at , ,

the n inth i t com p asses the b rai nof m an It i s ha rd ly nece s

, .

sa r y to s a
”
c o n t i nu e s the wr i te r
“ t h t ll thi s i s on ly n
y , a a ,
a

a pp r oxi m a ti on t o the t ru th s i n c e ne i th er i s t he b r a i n of a ll
;
o ss e ou s fi shes of all tu rtl es of all bi r d s nor of all the sp eci es
, , ,

of an of the abov e or d e r of m am m al s by an m ean p r e ci sely

y y s
,

the sam e ; n or d o es the b r ai nof the h u m anfoetu s a t a n y t i m e

 T HEORY O F ORG ANI C AS CENS ION . 21 7

p r eci sely r e s em bl e p er hap s th at of any i nd ivi d u al w h ate v e r

, ,

a m on g t h e lo w e r an i m al s N e v e r the l e ss i t m ay b e s ai d to
.
,

r ep r ese n ,
t a t ea ch of the a b ov e m ention e d p e r i o d s the agg r e
o

t a s i t w e r e of the b r a i n s of ea ch of the t ribe s s ta te d

g a e
, ,
.

Al tho u gh th ese fac ts w e r e s tate d by D r F l e tch e r w i thofi t .

an V i e w to the su ppo r t of the d e v e l op m e n t h ypo th es i s now

y
-

u n d er c o ns i d e ratio n i t i s r e m a rk a bl e th at the s e r i e s of a ni m a l
,

for m s whi ch he h er e tr a c e s a s r e p r es enti n g the se r ie s of su c /

c e ss i v e h u m anfoeta l d e v e l op m en ts i s the v e ry s e r i e s which i n

, ,

the sa m e or d e r of su cc e s s i on m a d e th e i r app ea ran

,
ce on the
lob e d u ri n g t h e d epo s i tio n s of the foss ili fe r ou s r ock s fr o m the
g
ea rli es t t o t he l a te s t .

The foreg oi ng a re the p r i nci p al ar g u m ents for ti fied by m any ,

m in or fa c ts an d co ns i d e ra ti on s fr o m w hi ch t he a u tho r of the
,
”
V estig e s concl u d e s th at the w hol e s y s tem of c r eati on w i th ,

all i ts d iv e r s ifi e d for m s i n an i m ate and ani m ate from i ts fi rst

, ,

to i ts l a s t s ta g e of u n fol d i ng w a s b r o u gh t for th u nd e r the

,

op e r atio nof on e gr a n d la w of p rogre ssiv e d e v el op m ent by ,

w hi ch the si m p les t and m o st p r i m i tive typ e g a ve bi r th to the

”
ty p e n e x t ab ov e i t by w hich thi s ag ai n p r od u ced the nex t
, , ,

higher and S O on to the v ery highest the stag es of a d v ance

,
,
,

b ei ng i n all ca se s v er y s m all— nam ely from one sp eci es only ,

to a no th er so that the p heno m e n

,
on has a l w ay s b e en of a
”
s i m pl e a n d m od es t cha r ac t e r He co ns i d e r s that after the
.

p r o d u cti on of the fi rs t and lo w e s t ani m al fo rm the high er ,

ty p e w a s i nall c a se s p r od u c ed fr om the l ow e r a ccor d i n

, ,
g to ,

t he or d i n a r y p r oc e s s of g en e r a tio n an d th a t i ts su p e r i or i ty to
,

i ts pa r ent w a s i n e ac h i n
,
s ta n ce ow i n g to a p rol ongati onof
,

the p r oc ess of u te r og e s ta tio n a i d e d by n , e w an d fav or a bl e

ci r cu m stances by which the form ne x t su p e r i or to the p ar ent
, ,

i n the p r e o r d ai ned ani m al s cal e w a s a tta in

-
ed , A s i m il ar .

p rinci pl e of tr ansm u tatio nw as appli ed also to the Veg etabl e

19
21 8 P RO G R E S S IVE DE VE L O P M E NT .

Ki ng d om by whi ch i t w as thou gh t th at high er

,
for m s as e c nd ed
from l o w er u ntil the highest w e re a tta i n
,
ed .

A th e o r y so nov el and li ng as the foregoi ng d id not of

s ta r t , ,

c ou rse e scap e the m o st vig or ou s op p osi ti on fr o m a d he r ents

,

o f p r e v a ili ng th eor i es i np hil osophy and the ol ogy Thi s op p o .

s i ti ou w as sp ec i ally i n sp i r i te d by the al a rm w hi ch w a s ta k en

by the d om i nant th e ol ogy w hi ch consi d e r ed the th eor y i n

,

qu e s ti on as a b ol d i nvasi on of her assu m e d p r er og ativ e as

a g en er ally u n qu estionabl e gu i d e i nm atte rs of religio u s fai th .

The m ai n fe a tu r es of thi s opp os i ti on ( w hi ch w e thin k w as , ,

p ar tly j u s t and p artly u nj u st) r e qu i re h er e to b e b ri e fly r ep r e

s en t e d toge ther w i th the e ss en
,
ti a l poi n ts of a r gu m en t i nthe

r ej oi n d er w hi ch the opp o s i ti on call ed for th fr o m the au tho r

”
o f the V e stig e s .

“
The b oo k i nqu e stio nw a s ch arg ed wi th a d i rec t te nd enc y
t o e x p e l the Al m igh ty fr o m the u n i v ers e w hi ch He has m ad e
—to d egrad e the od lik e r ace to w h om He has i ntru sted the
g
-

d e v el op m ent a nd app r ec i ati onof Hi s p o w er and to r end er the ,

r e v el a ti onof Hi s w ill a ni n c re d ibl e su p e r s ti ti on an d p r ob ,

a bly w i th qu i te as s tr on a de s i r e to n e u tr aliz e thi s a ll e e d

g g
t en d ency consi d er ed i n the a b s tr a c t a s to d e v el op tr u th ,

r eg a rd l e ss of i ts co n se qu en ce s i ts e ssen
,
ti al i d e a w as p r o
“
nou nce d ano p i ni onw hi ch has not a si ngl e fac t i ni ts fa vo r
w hich s tan d s i nd i r ect op p o si tio nt o all the a n al ogi e s of n a tu r e

—w hi c h i s r ep u gnant t o the b es t fe eli ng s of m anki nd and ,

su bv e rs iv e of all ou r m o s t che r i sh e d c on vi ctions— a frau d com

m i tte d u p ont he r e as on a n ,
d ani nsu lt ca st u p onthe d ig n i ty of
ou r

The z ea l of the p r om inent O p p ose rs of th i s wo rk ,

nd th ei r
a

North B iti h Re
r s v i ew for Ju l y, 1 845 .
 NEBULAR T HEORY OPPOSED . 21 9

d e v otio nto the n g rand obj e ct of p u tti ng i t d ow n, as i nd i

o e

cate d i n th e s e a n d s i m il ar d enu nci ator y e xp r e s si ons, m ay i n ,

s om e i n s tan c e s , h av e c au s e d th e m to u n c onsc i ou ly m ag n i fy
s
the se e m i n e vi d enc e s ag ai ns t the th eor y i t p r op ou n d ed , an d
g
as u n c onsci ou sly to u nd e r rate any r eal evid enc e w hi ch m ay
e xi s t i ni ts fa vo r . C a nd or r e qu i r e s , th e r e fore , th at w e shou l d
l ook a t the m er i ts of thi s, as w ell a s of all contr ov ersi es of a
s i m il a r n a tu re , as i d e fr om a ll m e r e d en u n ci ati ons u ch as novel
theor i e s tr u e or fal s e , a r e e v e r ap t t o p r ov ok e— an
,
d i nthe
li gh t of the pl ai n fa c ts an d a r g u m en ts w hi ch b ear u p o nthe
ca s e , by w hi chsoe v e r p ar ty th e s e m ay b e u rged .

The neb u la r hyp oth e s i s o f c osm i ca l c r ea ti ons u rg ed by the

”
a u th or of the V e s tig e s a s the i ni ti al p or ti onof the u niv er
,

s al sy stem of c r e a ti on su pp os e d by hi m to b e u n fol d ed by
law w a s obj e c te d to m ai n
,
ly onthe g r o u nd that the Ea rL of
R o sse s tel e scop e had su cc e ed e d i nresolvi ng i nto s ta rs c er t ai n
’

neb u l a w hi ch w e r e b e for e consi d e r ed i r r e solvabl e and i ncon ,

s i d e r ab l
y c h an gi n g th e a p p a r en t fo rm a n d o u tli ne s o f o t h e rs ,

w hich had p r evi ou sly app e a re d su c h as t o c ou n te nan ce the i d ea

o f aggl om e r a ti n
”
g and r o tati ng m asse s In vi e w of s u ch
.

“u ne qu i v oca l fac ts ” one p r i n c i p al r e vi ew e r r eg ar d s i t a s a

,

m os t u n w a r r an t abl e a s s u m p ti onto su p p os e th a t th er e a r e i n
the h ea v en ly sp aces any m as ses of m atter d i ffe r ent fr om soli d
”
bo d i es com p osi ng pl ane tar y s y ste m s . To thi s ou r a u thor
r ep li e s that the r e sol u ti onof a g r ea t q u an ti ty of p r e vi ou sly

u n r e solv e d n e b u l ae by Lo r d R os s e s t el esco e
’ “ a s of co u rs e
, p w, , ,

t o b e e x p ecte d a n ,
d i t i s a fa ct thou gh i ni ts el f i n
,
t e r e s ti ng of,

”
no c ons e qu enc e to the neb u l a r hy p o the si s . The re are still
m an y neb u l a w hi ch e v en the s tu p end ou s p ow er s of L ord
R oss e s i nstr u m ent d o not se nsibly affe c t and w hich p r ob ably
’
,

no i ncr ea se of op ti ca l po w e r e v e r t o b e a ttai ned b y h u m an

sci en ce or ar t w ou l d b e ad e qu ate to r esolve Bu t the p r esent
,
.
2 20 P R O G R E S S IV E D E V E L O P M ENT .

i ti onof the n eb u l ar th e or y i n r e s ec t t o i ts p hil os ophical

p os
p
c r e d ibili ty i s m o re fu lly r ep r esen
,
te d i na p r evi ou s po r tio nof
thi s w or k .

The the o r y of p r og r essiv e su ccess i on i n the or g anic k i ng

d om s a s a d v oca ted by the V e stig e s “ ”
i s d i sp u te d m ai nly on
, ,

the foll ow i n g gr o u nd s : F i r st that fi sh es of a high o r ganizati on

,

oc c u r
( as i t i s s a i d
) i n t h e ol d e st o f t h e foss ili fer ou s rock s ;

se con dly tha t i ns e v e ral i ns ta nc e s the p as s ag e fr o m a l ow e r to

,

a hi ghe r s y s te m of r ock s i s a cc o m p an
,
i e d by an ab r u p t and
en ti r e t r an si ti oni n the o r g an i c ki ngd o m s e xhibi ti ng none of
,

t he li n k s of p rogr es s iv e g ra d ati on w hi ch the theo r y of the

“V esti es” s u pp ose s to e xi s t a nd thi r d ly that i n s om e i n
g ; ,

s tan ce s s e v e r al w i d e ly d i ffer en t an d p r e vi ou sly u n k no w n

s p e ci e s s ee m to h a v e b e eni n tr o d u ced at ab ou t t he s a m e e po ch ,

w i th a pp a r en tly n o li n k s o f c onnec ti onb etw eenthem .

To the all eg a ti onth a t fi s h e s of a high or g ani za tio noccu r i n

the old es t of the fo ssili fe r ou s r ock s t he a u thor of the
“ Ve s
,
”
tig e s,
i n hi s s e qu e l to that w or k r epli es by qu otati ons from
,

g e ol ogi sts sho w i ng a d i scr ep ancy inth e i r sta tem ents u p onthi s
,

p oint w hi ch how e v e r he s how s m ay b e e xpl ai ne d by the fa ct

, , , ,

tha t s i n c e the s ta te m en ts o f s om e o f the m w e r e p u t for th the ,

l ow er foss ili fe rou s r ock s hav e b ee n d ivi d e d i nto s e v e ral d i s

ti n ct form at i on s i n the l ow e s t of w hi c h i t i s fu lly a d m i tte d
,

th er e a r e n o v e r teb ra te . H e m or eov e r a rgu es that the

, ,

c eph al op o d a a n d g ast e r op od a m oll u sk s of a hi gh organiz a ti on

, ,

w hose r e m a i n s a r e fou n d i nthe ol d es t s er i es of foss ili fe r ou s

r oc k s m ig ht a s t ra n s m u te d s p e c i e s ha v e co m e i ns oona fte r
,
, ,

the c om m en ce m en t of the for m a ti onof thos e r ock s a s ow i n ,

g
“ r api d i ty o f gen e r a ti on an
”
d “ r u sh of li fe
”
w hi c h i s
to a ,

s o m e ti m es c har ac te r i s ti c of c e r ta i n of the l ow e r o r d e rs of

an i m al s .

In an s w e r to the a r gu m en t which n eg ati v es the i d ea of

 O B S E RVATI O N S G E N E RAL I Z E D . 221

c onnecting li nk s b etw een lower and high er sp e ci es and b e ,

t w e e nw i d ely d i ss i m il ar sp ec i e s e xi sti n g i nthe sa m e sy s te m

O f d ep os i ts he g en
,
er a li zes the field of g e ol ogi ca l O b s e r v ati on ,

an d fi nd s p a rti c u l ar s y s tem s b oth of r oc k s and thei r c on

,

ta in e d fossil s m ore fu lly a n

,
d p ar ticu l ar ly r ep r esente d i ns o m e
l ocali ti e s thano the rs By the fac ts w hich he d e v el op s i nthi s
.

b r anch of the d i sc u ssi on he su ccee d s inm ate ri ally w eak eni ng

, ,

th ou gh p e rhap s n ot e n ti r ely d i sp r ovi n g the a ssu m p ti ons of hi s

,

opp on en ts t ha t t he c h ara c ter of or g an

,
ic li fe has b eensu bj ec t
t o fr e qu en t a b r u p t and enti re ch ang e s He co nsi d ers i t p r ob
.

abl e m or e ov er th a t
“ d e v elop m ent has not p r oc eed ed as
, , ,

u su ally a ssu m e d u po n a s i n
,
gl e li ne w hi ch wo u ld r e qu i re all
,

the an im al s to b e pl aced one afte r ano ther b u t i na p lu r a li ty ,

o
f li n es i n w hi ch the or d e r s an
,
d e ,
v e n m in u te r s u b d ivi s i on s

o f ea ch c l a ss a r e r an e d s i d e by s i d e n d h rg u es h at
g a e a
p
“the d e v el op m ent of the s e v ar io u s li ne s has p r oc eed e d i n de
p end ently i nv ari ou s r egi ons of the ea r th s o as to l ead to ,

for m s not e v er y w h ere s o lik e as to fall w i thi n ou r i d e as

of s p e c ific ch a r ac te r b u t g en ,
er ally or i n s o m e m o r e v ag u e
,
”
d eg ree ali k e
,
.

Up onthe w hole the au tho r r eas s erts hi s m ai np osi tio nw i th

, ,

s o m u ch for ce a d i n g en u i ty an d b r in g s to i t su ch a na c c e s s io n
p ,

of e vi d en ce fr o m t he t e s t i m on i e s o f ge ol ogi s ts and natu rali sts ,

a s a pp ar en tly t o r e n d e r t he gene r al onsl au ght of his opp onents ,

for the m o s t p a r t a fa il u r e ; and p e r hap s i t w ou l d not b e

,

u n fa i r to c onsi d e r th ei r su b s e qu en t S il en ce a s i ns om e d eg r e e , ,

a tac i t a d m i ssi onof thi s fa ct .

“
Th ou gh the au thor of the V estig es a ck now l e dg e s th at
G od i s i n s om e sens e e v er p r es ent w i th hi s c re a ti on and
'

, , ,

s u ppo rts an d ru l es i t by hi s P r ovi d ence he a d m i ts thi s m erely

,

as the i n ti m at io nof ani n te r nal s en se or fe elin g for which he ,

d o es n ot p r e ten d to h av e an y p hilo sop hy B u t i nthe ab sen

. ce
222 P R O G R E S S IVE D EVE L O P M E N T .

of s u c h a p hilo sop hy tho se ,

w ho ha v e not thi s
i nternal fe eli ng .

of the p r es en c e an d ov erru li n g P r ovi d ence of G od (a s m any

h av e not) v ery natu rally em pl oy the w hol e force of fac ts and
,

a r g u m en ts s u ch a S ha v e a v e r y th or ou gh d e v elo p m en t i nthe
‘

b ook r eferr ed to i nsu ppo r t of the i d ea that natu re d ev el op s

,

a ll he r for m s a n d ph en o m ena by ani nherent fo rc e of he r ow n

, ,

i nd ep end ent of any su p erio r i nfl u ence as r e ceived f r o m a ,

S ou r ce w i thou t h ers el f S u ch th e o ri e s can of co u rse b e su c

.
, ,

c essfu lly m e t on ly by the w eapo ns of a cog ent and w ell

rou n
g d e d phil o s o p h y a s r e l a t i ng ,
to th e m a t ters i n d i sp u te ;
b u t a s su ch a p hil osophy d oes not y e t p r e v a il to a n y e x te n t , ,

i nthe w or l d i t h ence foll ow s a s a fac t m u ch to b e l a m en

, ,
te d ,

th at fa i th i nG od an d hi s ov e r ru li ng and u niv e rsal P r o vi d ence s ,

i s to a l a rg e e x tent at the m er c y of p an
, ,
th e i s tic an d m a te r i a l
i stic philo sop hi e s S u ch p hil osop hi es are henc e conti nu ally
.

g row i ng m ore r i fe and ra m p ant ; and w h entho se w ho know

or them selv es fr o m i n u i ti on t ha t th er e i s a G od e v er p r e se n
f ,
t ,
t
with and ev er r u li ng the affa i rs of c re atio n find th em selve s i n
, , ,

co m pe tent to m eet the ar gu m ents for the op po si ng vi ew s th e y ,

a r e ap t to g r o w i m p a ti e n t an d to d e sce n
,
d to m er e r i d i cu l e
an d d en un ci ati on and s om e ti m es ev ento m i srep resentati on
,

a m od e o f t r ea tm en t w hich s e l d o m fa il s to e x c i te the c on

te m p t of tho se to w a r d who m i t i s a i m ed an d e v ento co n ,

firm
t h em i nth e i r an ti religio u s th e o r i e s
-
.

C o m m onsense sh ou l d teach e v er y on e that i t i s wo rs e than

l
u se e s s— nay p e r
,
v er se a n d w ic k e d — to clo se hi s e y es to pl ai n

fa c ts i nna tu r e w ha tev er m ay b e th e i r app ar ent th e ologica l or

,

phil osop hical b ea r i ng s ; and w ho e ver wo u l d d o su ch an ac t i s ,

p l ai nly not so m u ch d e voted to the fu rth erance of tr u th as he

i s to the m a inten an ce of hi s ow n opi n io ns L ooki ng fu lly i n .

the fa c e t h e re fo re as i n d u ty b ou n
, ,
d to d o all the cl early ,
”
e s ta bli sh ed fac ts e xhibi ted by the Vesti ges of C reation as
.
,
 D I S C R E P A N C I ES To B E HAR M O N I Z E D . 22 3

w e ll very oth e r sp eci es of fa ct le t u s s ee wh e ther the

as e ,

en e r a l phil osop hy b f thi s w or k w ill a ffo r d a n li gh t by w hi c h

g y
o u ter a pp e ar a n ce s r e fl e c ti n
,
g a nat u ral law or for ce of d e v el op
m en t an
,
d the i nter io r s e nse of the h u m ans ou l r esp e c tin
, g t he

c on s tan t p r e se nce of G od an
,
d the e x er ti ono f hi s u p hol d i ng
an d d i r e cti n p b e r a ti onally h arm o niz d By
g ow er m a
, y e. w a
y
o f a tt em p ti n g the s ol u ti on of all app ar ent d i sc re p anci es as ,

i nv olv e d i n the se su bj ects w e will i n the foll ow i ng p ag es

, , ,

en d e a vo r to u nfol d the tr u e th e o r y of law a g ency a n d D ivi n e

a g en cy as i t app ears to u s
,
.
 C H A P TE R X X I I I .

FURTHER VIEW OF THE SYSTEM OF LI V ING F ORMS ,

~
AS SUG
C ES TIN G ITS MODE OF DE VELOPMENT
‘

HAD the au tho r of the “V e s ti e s of C r e a tio n nd hi

g a s

op p one nts bo th u nd er s to od the d octri ne of S er i es , D eg ree s ,

an d C o rr esp onde nces a s u nfol d e d i n the p r eced i ng p ag e s of

thi s wo rk , a n d ha d they d u ly ob s e r v e d the i nd i ca ti ons of th e s e
d oc t r i ne s i n r eg a r d t o the ori gi n, c onsti tu ti on and l aw s o f
,

natu r e , the r el ati ons of V i s ibl e e ffe c ts t o i nvi s ibl e and sp i r i tu a l

c au s e s and the r el a ti ons of the u ni v e rse and all i ts su b se ri al
,
-

an d c or r e sp ond i ng p a r ts , to the I nfi n i te D ivi ne S pi ri t, as the

P r oj e ctor, O ri gi na to r, and V i taliz e r of all th ey m i gh t by a
, ,

m u tu a l, an q
d i n tha t c as e ob v i ou s ly r e u i r ed, m od i fi ca ti on of
t h ei r V i e w s , ha v e c om e to a p e rfe c t a g r e em en t onall e s s en t ial
p oi nts, w i thou t c om p r om i si ng any tru e p ri ncipl e of theol ogi ca l
‘

fa i th, or di sr ega rd i ng any r eal fa ct i n s c i e nc e or t ru e p r i ncipl e

i np hil osop hy . The V i e w w hi ch a s i t a pp ea rs t o m e , r econ
,

c il e s all r e al s ci en tifi c fa c ts a n
. d all tr u e philo sophi cal and
th e ol ogi ca l p r i n cipl e s , I w ill n ow p roceed to b r i e fly u n fol d .

I will p r e m i s e by s ayi ng tha t the i d ea of p r og r essi on, a s a

n r a l fa c t con ne c ted w i th the o r i i n a n d m ov e m e n ts of
g e e g
c r e ati on ,
a s a w ho l e ,
a nd w i th th e o r i g i na nd m ov e m e nts o f
e a ch o f i ts s u b se r i a l an
-
d c o r r e s p ond ent p ar ts , s e e m s t o b e
ne ce s sar ily i nv olv ed i n the i d ea of s u c c ess iv e m ov em ents or
u n fol d i n g s, fro m b egi nnings t ow a rd p re d e ter m i ned end s .

Ev e r y su cc essiv e m ov em ent or effo r t i s a clo ser app r oxi m ati on

 P R O G R E S S I O N AN D R E TR O G R E S S I O N . 22 5

to the p r op osed end of the w hol e s er i es of m ov em ents and ,

is
the r e for e a d e ci d e d p r ogr e ss fr om a p r evi ou s and m or e r u di
m e ntal p osi tion Acco r d i ngly all p hil osophy and all
s ta t e or .

r e v el a ti oncon cu r i nthe ackno w l e dgm ent tha t c r eati on fr om ,

i ts i n ci p i en t to i ts p r e s en t s tag e of d e v e l op m en t ha s p a ss e d
'
,

th r ou gh a r eg u l ar s e r i e s of p r og r e s siv e u n fol d i n g s ; and thi s

fact i s r e cogn iz ed as ap plyi ng e q u a lly to the c os m i ca l u n i v e r se ,

t o the g eologi ca l form atio n s an d to the v a r i ou s s y stem s of

,

o rganic form s b egi nni ng w i th the l ow e s t and e nd i ng w i th the

,

highest w ho se r e m ai ns hav e b e en s u cce ss iv ely entom b e d i n

,
‘

the r ock s .

It i s tr u e the re ar e occasi onal and a pp ar ent e x cep tion s to

t hi s r u l e— occa s io n al i n s tan ce s of p ar ti cu l ar r e tr og r e s s i on on

the on e h an d an d i rr eg u l a r and ab norm al ad v anc e s on the

,

o th e r ; b u t th e se a r e o w i n t o l ocal c i r cu m s ta n c e s an d i sol a te d
g
i nfl u ence s a nd w h en p r op erly u nd e r stood th ey p r ov e rath er
, , ,

t h and i sp r ov e the gen ,

er al r u l e The i d e a m ay b e ill u strate d
.

by the follo w i ng s i m il e : L et a nu m b er of v essel s ,of d i ffe rent

cl asses b e su ppo sed to sail fro m the sa m e p o r t at the sam e
, ,

t i m e an
,
d b ou n d t o the sam e pl ac e of d es tinati on W afte d by .

the s am e b r ee z e s an d fl oa te d by the sam e ti d es th ey for a

, , ,

t i m e m ak e n
,
ea l e qu al p r og re ss sa il i nn
ry ea rly p a r all el p ath s
, ,

an d g ener ally k e e p ea c h o thers c om p any Bu t o w i n

,
g to .

s li ht d i ve r s i ti es i n th e i r s a ili n q u ali ti e s an d i nc i d e n t a l d i f
g g
fe r en
,

ce s i n t h e i r m o d es of m an oeu vr i ng th e i r c ou r s es gra d ,

u all
y d iv e rge from ea ch o th e r a n d t h e y g et i n
,
t o d i ffer en t
c u r r ents of oc eanand of atm osphe re s om e of whi ch are p r o ,

p i ti ou s and s om e the r e v ers e The y ar e thenfar th er d i sp ers ed

.

by h u r r i canes ; som e of th e m by vi ol ent gal es oc cu rr i ng ,

on ly i nthei r ow nl ocali ti es m ay b e d r iv enh u nd red s of m il es

,

ou t of th e i r co u r s e or i n a r e tr og ra d e d i re c tio n; a fe w of
,

th em m ay b e dr iv en u p o n r ock s or q u ick san d s an d lo st ou t ,

2 26 SYS TE M O F L IVI N G F O RMS .

r igh t ; w hil e othe rs m ay b e d riv en for w a rd w i th e qu al Vio ‘

l ence and r e ach the i r d e s ti ne d h av eni nanap p ar ently i rreg

,

u lar l
y s hor t p e r i od of ti m e O f co u rs e n o o ne . w o u l d con
s i d e r the d iv e r s i ti e s i nthe fa tes an d su c c e s se s of thes e d i ffe r en t
v e s se l s or the fact tha t som e w e re for a ti m e d r iv enb ac k
,

w ar d ,
tha t s om e w e r e lo s t o u tr ight an d tha t o th e r s w er e ,

d r iv en for w a r d w i th a V e l oc i ty w hi c h se e m e d to se t all i d ea .

o f a r eg u l a r ly g r a d u a te d m oti on a t d e fi an ce a s an p r o o f
y ,

ag a i n st a g e n e r a l la w of p rog r e s si on as a ppli e d t o the saili n g ,

o f ship s fr om p or t to p o r t b u t the p r oo f w o u l d u p on the

, ,

wh ol e b e the r ev e rs e
,
'

All ow th e s e ship s th en t o r ep r e sent an e qu a

, ,
l nu m b er of
D ivi ne a rch e ty p e s or p re e xi s ti ng i d eal for m s of cr ea tio n so
,
‘

to sp ea k w hi ch se t ou t a t on
,
e an d the sa m e ti m e u p on
, ,

the v oy ag e of p r og r e ss iv e d e v el op m en t all b ei n g bo u nd to ,

on e h a v e n v iz ,
the r ea liz a tio nof the c l othi n
.
,
g of an e xte rio r
form ; the d i v e r s i ti es i n the i r m ov em ents p r e s en ted i n the ,

r e ta r d a ti on s an d te m p o ra r y r etr og re ssio ns of s o m e an d the ,

fit fu l and a pp ar ently p r e te r n a tu r a l a ccel er a ti on s of o th e r s a s ,

o w i ng to the v a ri ou s cu rr ents and co u nte r c u rr ents of ou te r -

i nfl u ences no m or e d i sp r ov e the la w of g ener a l p r og ressi on

, ,

w i th r e fe r en ce to th em thans i m il ar d iv e rs i ti es of m o v e m e n
,
t

p r ov e the sam e thing wi th r efe r ence to the ship s W henw e .

,

t h er efor e fin ,
d a fe w lOcal e x a m pl e s of v e r te b r al fi sh e s am ong
som e of the s tr ata of the fi r s t se r i e s of fos s ili fe r o u s r oc k s or ,

wh en w e find i n one or tw o instances the r em a i ns o f a

, ,

d im in u t iv e ai r b r e athi n-
g r ep til e i n an u pp er m e m b er of the ,

O ld Re d S an d st o n e s er i e s w he r e as i t i s s ta ted su ch ha v e
, , ,

r e ce n tly b e en fou n d or w h en i n h u m an hi s to r y w e fin ,
d ,

e x am pl e s of wh ol e n atio n s an d r ac e s r em ai ni n app a re n tly

g
s ta tio n a ry for tho u san d s of y ears w hil e o th ers h av e a t early , ,

Se Ed in b gh Phil p hi l d
e ur l f Ap il f e
oso ss pp 353 4
ca ou m a or r , , .
-
.
 E MB RYO N IC FORMS . 227

p er i od s co m ,
e high s tate of a d vancem ent i nar t g ov er n
to a ,

m en t an d s o c i a l r e fi nem e n
, t w hi c h w e r e a g a i n su cc ee d e d by
,

u n iv er s al ignorance and b arb a ri sm — w e ar e not to consi d er

these e x am pl e s a s c o n tr ad i cti ng the d o c tri ne o f p r o r e ss i on
g ,

a s a g en er a l p r i ncipl e b u t a s on ,
ly the p a r ti cu la r and loca l ex
ce ti on
p s to th e d i r ec t d e v elo p m en t of th a t p ri n cip l e i n ou te r
for m s .

K eepi ng i nvi ew then the d octr i ne of g ener al P r ogre ssi on

, ,

a s anu n den i abl e p ri nciple appli cabl e to the u niversal s e r i e s

of c r ea ti ona s a w hol e a n d to a ll i ts i nc l u d e d an d c orr e sp ond
,

in g s u b s er i e s w e a r e p r ep a re d for fu r th e r i n
-

,
q u i r i e s r e s p ec ti ng
the or der an d m etho d of p r og re ss i on a n d the m u t u al r e l ati ons
,

of the d i ffer en t p a r ts or d eg e e s of ea ch s e r i es of c r ea ti onto

r
w hi ch thi s p r i n cipl e appli e s Inm aki ng the se i nqu i r i e s ou r
.
,

a tte n ti onw ill b e c on fi ned for the p r es ent to the Ani m al Ki ng

d om which will s er v e as a r ep r e s enta tiv e of all o ther s e r i a l
‘

c reati ons
“
.

The fac t all u d e d to by the au tho r of the V e stig es of C r ea

”
t ion tha t i n t he r e p r od u c tio nof the high er an
, i m al s and of
m an the e m b ryo p a sses th r o u gh s u cce s si v e stag e s of d e v elop
,

m en t i nwhi c h the typ e s of all the l ow e r an

, i m al s b egi nni ng ,

wi th the fis h (or a s som e say wi th the annali d or wo rm ) a re

, ,
'

r ep r e sen te d i nsu cc e ss i on u n til i ts ow np r op er ty p e i s attai n ed

’

, ,

i s c e rtai n ly of g rea t s i gnifi canc e as i t b e ars u p onthe s u bj ec t

,

u n d er c on s i dera t io n B u t Pr ofe s so r Ag as siz has m ad e s om e

.

fu rth er d i scov e r i es i n the d ep a rtm en t of e m b r y olo gy whi c h ,

w ou l d p e rh ap s go to em p h as iz e the c on cl u si on s t o w hi c h thi s

fac t w ou l d se em n at u rally to p oi n t I w ou l d r efer now p ar

.

t i c u lar ly t o the d i s cov e r y tha t the e m b r y os of an i m al s of ce r

tai n ex i s ti n g fam ili e s b ear a t a c er tai n s tag e of the i r foeta l
,

p r ogress a d i stinct re se m bl an
, c e to the p e rfec te d i n d ivi d u al s
of n ow ex ti n ct sp e ci e s of the s am e fa m ili es which e xi sted i n
,
22 8 S YS TE M O F LIVING FORMS .

ear ly g eol ogi ca l p eri od s F r o m his r em arks onthi s su bj e ct;

.

I su b m i t the foll ow i ng q u otati ons

Em b ry ol ogy ”
s ay s he
“ by the m e tam or phos es w hi ch
, ,

tak e pl a c e i nan i m al s assigns now a v al u e to e x te rnal for m s

, ,

an d not on ly assi gns th em a val u e b u t a ch ronol ogi cal v al u e , ,

by w hi ch i t i s p oss ibl e to co nsi d er as l ow er th ose anim al s

”
w hi c h ag r e e w i th the ear li er for m s of the g e r m s .

The cl as s of fi sh e s w hi ch I h av e s tu d i e d m o r e p ar ticu l arly ,

has s h ow nm e tha t the fi rst typ es app e ar ed u nd er for m s and ,

w i th ano r g an izati on p ecu li ar to em br y os of that v er y cl ass i n

,

the p r e s e n t e p och p r ovi n ,

g th er eby w i th pe rfe ct e vi d ence the
, ,

i nfer i ori ty Of the first cr eate d typ es as w ell inthei r p e cu li ar ,

cl as s as i n thei r d ep a rtm ent B u t thou gh of a lo w e r or d er

.
,

t h e s e typ e s O f a n ci en t ag e s b or e i n the m s elv e s fr om the b e ,

gi nni ng the i m pre s si onof the pl anthat w as to b e su cce ssively

,

d e v el op e d i n the d i fferen t e p och s w hi ch h a v e p re ce d ed the

o r d er of thing s exi s ti ng at p r e s ent and by w h ose r ealiz ati on
'

ha v e b eenb rou gh t ab ou t those nu m e r ou s fam ili e s of F i shes ,

R ep til e s Bi r d s a nd M a m m ali a w hi ch now liv e u ponthe su r

, , ,

”
fac e O f the eart h . Agai n: All the i nform a ti onabo u t the
fossil s— all the i n for m at i on of for m e r ag es w il l h av e to b e ,

com p ar ed w i th th ose em b ry oni c for m s i no r d er to u nd er stand ,

m or e fu lly the an al ogy w hi ch e xi s ts b e tw e en th e s e e arli e r

typ e s an
,
d the su cc e ss iv e ch anges w hi ch th ose of ou r d ay u n
d ge r o t o a ss u m e t h e i r fi na l fo r m I f I a m. n o t m i s ta k e n w e ,

sh all O b ta i n fr o m sk etch e s of those em b r y on ic for m s m ore ,

o
c rre c t fi g u r e s o f f os s il a ni m a l s t ha n h a v e b e e n ac q u i r e d by
a c tu al

T hes e e x tr acts fr om one w ho i s anad vocate of the i d ea of

i
c r eat on s de n ov o a t d ffe r en
i t g e o l ogi c al e p oc h s c e r ta i n ly a r g
,
u e

Ag iz L t
ass
’
s n C
ec u r es o p ti om E b y
ara l g
ve y ” d li
m d
r oo b f t
,
h L
e v ere ll Ine ore e ow e
 F ACTS I N EMB R YO LO G Y ‘

. 22 9

m u ch for a conne ctionof som e k i nd b etw e en the low er and

hi ghe r, or e x ti nct and livin g, sp eci es of ani m al s O f the s am e
fam ili e s , and p r etty cl e arly s how that the hi gher nd e xi s ti n g
a
s p e ci e s a r e i nm an
,
y i n s ta nc es ,
t h e re s u l t o f a n e x te ns i on o the
f
i denti ca l g es ta ti v e p r ocess w hi ch , i ni ts lo w e r stag es , w as e xc u r
l i fie d i nt he an ci n t sp e ci es S u ch b e i n g th e xi s ti ng e vi d en c e
p e . e

of a c on ne cti on b e tw een anci ent and m od er n sp e c i es of the

‘

sa m e fa m ili e s an d g e ner a, a n d that the m od ernsp eci es e xi s t,

at l east as a p r o r e ss ed s e qu en c e o f th e p rin cip les i n v olv e d i n
g
the an c i en t, w e w ill n ow q u o te fr o m the sa m e au th or s om e

fu r th er ill u stra ti on s O f the a n alogi e s a n d con ne c tio ns e xi sti ng

b etweenthe d iffe r ent and su cce ss iv ely c r eated d ivi sions of the
Ani m al Kingd om as a wh ol e , w i th m anat i ts h ead
‘
The u ni ty Of str u ctu re i nv e rt eb ra te d ani m al s , say s he,
has b eenu nd er stoo d , and w ell u nd e r stood , lon g b efor e Em
b ryology had ad d e d any thi ng to s how how d eep thi s u ni ty of
pl anw a s i m p r ess ed on that typ e By the i nv estigations Of .

C o m p a rativ e Anatom y , i t had b e ena s c e rtai ned tha t the e x ter n al

d i ffer en c es w hich char acte r iz e the cl ass of F i sh es , th at of Rep

til e s , th at O f Bi r d s, an d th at O f M am m ali a, w e re o n ly m od ifi
c io o
a t ns f o n e a n d the sam e s tr u u r —
ct e that the h ead Of F i sh es,
for e x am pl e , tho u gh ap p ar ently s o d i ffe r ent from th at O f M an,
w a s m ad e u O f t h e s a m e b on e s a rr an e d i nthe sam e m an
p , g
ner , only s u b d ivi d e d i nto m ore d i sti nc t p oi nts Of os si fica
-

t i on ,
w i th m od ifi e d p r op o r t i o n s ,
m o s t o f t h e m r e m a i ni ng
m ov a bl e for li fe, b u t afte r all a rr an g ed u p onthe sam e u ni form
, ,
”
p l an .

Ina p re vio u s p ar a gr ap h, the sam e a u tho r say s : “ It w as i n

P hy siol ogy , a grea t d i scov er y w hen i t w as ascer tai ned th a t
,

all Ve r teb r a te , th at F i sh e s a s w ell a s R ep til e s as w ell as

, ,
‘

Bi rd s ,
as w ell as M am m ali a a r o se fr o m e gg s w hi ch h a v e on
,
e
,

a nd the sam e u ni fo rm s tru c tu r e i nthe b eginning and p r oc eed

,

20
230 S Y S TE M O F LIVING FORMS .

to p rodu ce ani m al s as w i d ely d i ffer ent a s th ey ar e i nthe fu ll

g row n s tate si m p ly by s u cc es s iv e g rad u al m
, ,
pho se s ; e ta m or

an d these m e tam orph os es u p onone an d the sa m e pl an a ccor d ,

in to on e an d th e s am e g en e ra l p rog re ss
”
A a i n “ I t
g g :
. m a
y
the r e fore b e sa i d w i th p e r fe c t p r op r i e ty th a t the hi gh er Ve r
, ,

t eb r ate s u n d er go c h an ge s throu gh w hich i nd i ffe r e nt p er iod s

, ,

O f the i r li fe t h e y r ese m bl e the lo w e r on e s ; th a t the r e i s a

"

p er i od w hen the yo u ng bi r d has not o nly the for m b u t the

An
,

s tru c tu r e a n ,
d e v enthe fins w hi ch ch aracte riz e the F i sh
,
d .

o f the y ou n g Ma m m al s the sam e m ay b e sa i d Th e re i s a .

p er i od i nthe stru c tu r e of the yo u ng R abbi t (i nw hich the i n

‘

v e s ti a ti on s h a v e b e e n t r ac e d m o re e x ten s iv ely th a ni noth er

g
s p e ci e s w h en the y ou n g abbi t r e s e m bl e s s o c lo sely the
) R
'

F i sh that i t e v enhas gill s livi ng i na sac fu ll Of w a ter b rea th

, , ,

in g as F i sh e s d o S O t.h a t th e r esem bl an c e i s as co m p l e t e as

i t ca nb e th ou gh e ach of th ese typ es g r o w s to a com plica tio n

,

o f s tru c tu r e by whi ch the yo u n

,
g Mam m al for i nstance l eav , ,

in b h i nd thi s low o r g an iz t i n f th lo t yp s r i s e s to a
g e a o o e w e r e ,

c om plica ti ono f s tr u c tu r e to hi gh e r an
,
d high er d eg r e e s an d to ,

th at e m i n en ce e v e nw hich c ha rac te r iz es

Th ese fac ts ce rtai nly show a u ni ty of pl anand a p rogr es s iv e

su cc e ss io nof i n som e s en
,
s e m u tu ally d e p en
,
d ent for m s i nthe ,

s y s te m o f a n i m ated natu re w hich co u ntenances the i d ea tha t

,

the w hol e c r eatio nof l ow er an i m al s i s as i t w ere the foetu s

, ,

O f the wh ol e h u m ancr ea t i on an d tha t the l a tte r w as th u s d e

,

v e lop ed by a p r oce ss so m ew h at r esem bli n g t h a t which t he

a u th or of the Ve stig es of s u pp o s ed to h a v e ta k en
“
pl ace and w hi ch he call s the u niversal gesta ti onOf Natu re
,

e t w e shall s oon see th a t s o far fr o m thi s th eo r y d i spe n si ng

y ,

wi th the ag ency of a G od thi s u niversal g esta tiv e p r ocess

,

cou l d n ot h a v e p r oce ed ed e v enth ro u gh i ts fi rs t s g es wi tho u t

ta ,

Lect es nC p ti E b y l gy L ee ii
ur o om ara v e m r oo ,
. x .
 TH E G REAT T REE . 231

the co nstant i nfl u x O f a V i talizi ng and energizi ng Infl u ence

fr o m ab ov e all n atu r e and h enc e fr o m a s o u r ce ab sol u tely
,

D ivi ne .

It m ay h ere b e r em ar k e d th at th es e fa cts d e v el op ed by the ,

r e s ea rch e s of p al aeon tol ogi s ts e m b ryol ogi s ts and p hy si oloi

, ,

gi sts c o nce rni ng the r el ati ons and o rd er of su cce ssio nof the
,

d i ffer ent d ivi si ons of the ani m ate d tr ib e s hr e i n p erfect ag r ee ,

m e nt w i th the g ener a l m od e o
f p hi loso hi z i n nt d i n thi
kby
p gp r ese e s

w or ,
w g ener al
hich all fa cts i n ea ch sy stem O f c r eatio n ,

an d all sy ste m s O f cr e ati ona s g r a nd fa cts ar e a rran g ed i n a ,

ha rm oni ou s se r i al o r d e r of p rog r essio n i n su ch a w ay as to ,

s ho w a th r e a d O f u n i ty and cor respond enc e r u nni ng thr ou gh all

sy s te m s an d th r o u gh the gr an
,
d sy ste m O f sy s tem s fr o m the ,

v er y o ri gi nto the v er y u l ti m ate s of all thi ng s .

Thi s sc h e m e of cr eati o nb r i ng s the Ani m al Ki ngd om a s we ll ,

‘

a s the V eg e tabl e an d all o th er c om pl e te sy st em s of c r eati on

, ,

t og e th e r w i th the g ra n d S y s te m of all sy s tem s u nd e r the ,

an al o y of a TR EE wi th i ts s e v e ns er i a l an d p r o r e s s iv e p a r ts
g , g ,

cons i sti ng O f R o ots Tr u nk B ranch e s ; L ea v e s F lo w er b u d s

, , ,
-
,

B l oss o m s and F R UI T ,
It i s thu s s tr ongly hi nte d th at the
.

wh ol e u niv ersal S y stem of c r eatio n w i th all i ts corr esp ond ing

'

s u b sy s tem s i n cl u d i n t he V eg e tabl e a n d A n i m a l Ki n g d om s
g
-

, ,

w hil e u n der the cons ta nt v i ta li z i n g a nd v olu nta ti v e i n fl fu x o

D i v i ne L ov e a nd Wi sdom ,
w hi ch a r e sp i r i tu a l H ea t a nd L ig ht,
g r ew u
p ,
as it w er e ,
f r om Ger m to u lti m a tes, i nthe s am e
p r o~

g re ssi v e qu enti al ord er i n w hi ch the tree g r ow s

a nd se fr om
r oot to fr u i t u nder the co nstant i nfl u x of sola r h eat and li gh t
, ,

whi ch ar e the na tu r a l cor r esp ondents Of D ivine L ov e and W i s

d om .

B u t i f t hi s vi ew i s adm i tted i t will not O f i tsel f necessarily

,

d e c i d e the q u e sti ona s to wh eth er each high er c reati onw as i n

all c ase s d e v elop ed fro m the p ar entag e of the on e i m m ed i
2 32 S Y S TE M O F L I VI N G FORMS .

a te ly b elo w i t i nthe i
se r es b elongs Th ere i s ap
to w hi ch it .
,

p a re n tly on e e x cep ti on to thi s o r d e r O f p a r en

,
ta l e x t r a c tioni n

the d ev e l op e d p art s of the su p e r i orly o rgan iz ed t r ee : The

fl ow e r b u d s thou gh th ey ar e the ne x t su p e r io r d ev el op m ent
-

t o the l eav e s a r e n ot a nou tg r ow th fr o m t he l e a v es b u t i n

, , ,

c o m m o nw i th th es e th ey ar e the n ,
e x t s u p e r i or o u tgr o w th fr o m

the b r an ch es ; and the l ea v es a fter p er form i ng th ei r sp eci fic

'

fu n c tio n s d i e an ,
d d rop off w i thou t givi n ,
g ri se to a ny su cceed
in an d s u p er io r for m of d e v e lo p m en t T h e fl ow e r b u d s are
g s -
.

u n d ou b ted ly a na scensio nof the sa m e e s s en c es an d pr i n ci pl e s

which stoppi ng one s tep sh ort of th em p rod u ce the l eav es
, , ,

an d w hi ch i neach ca s e a s ce nd from all the p r e c ed i n

, ,
g d e v el
o m en ts of th e tr e e a s r ep r esen t e d i n r oo ts t ru n k an d
p , ,

b ranch e s .

It sh ou l d b e r em ar k ed how e v er tha t i na l ess p erfe ct cl ass

, ,

of v eg eta bl e for m s— the cr yp t og am i a— the o rg an s O f fr u c ti fi

cation i nv olvi ng O f co u rse the p rincipl es of the b u d a re d e

, , , ,

v elop e d u p on the lea v es w hi ch i n thi s i n s tan c e show s the

, , ,

r el atio n s of p a r en t an d O ffsp ring b etw e en the t w o d ev elop .

m en ts an,
d p r es er v es the su cc ess ion b e twe en th e m u n
b r ok en .

C o ncerni n g the genesi s Of the Ani m al Kingd o m th en as , ,

w ell as that Of all oth er S er i e s and D eg rees of cr eation i t ,

m ay s o fa r a s the k n
,
ow nan al ogi e s O f n a tu r e a r e c on cer n ed ,

an d w i tho u t i n e i th er ca se affec ti n g ou r vi ew s of the D i v ine

a en cy b e c on si s te ntly b eli e v e d e i the r th a t the hi gh e r tr ib e s
g , ,

i n the Ani m al Ki n o s w e ll a s i n the V e e tabl e an

g d m
( a
g d
o ther D eg r ees of C r ea ti on a t ce r ta i n p e r io d s an u n
) ,
d d er c er ,

t ai n r e vol u ti on ar y co n d i ti on s o r D ivi n e i m p u l si on s h e r eafte r

to b e expl ai n ed — p r oceeded by or der ly descen t fr om the tr i bes ,

nex t below them a s thei r na tu r a l p a r ents— or th at th ey p r o

,

ceed ed a t the sa m e p er io ds an
,
d u nd er the sam e con d i ti ons ,
 GENESIS OF AN I MAL K INGDOM . 233

f r om the agg r eg a te o
f a llp r eced i ng de v elop m ents of na tu r e, as

co ns ti tu ti ng thei r g ener a l m hil e the y had no

a ter i a l g er m ,
w

sp eci a l li n e al c onne cti onw i th the form s ne x t b elo w th e m i n

the s e r i es . Ei th er of the s e su pp os i ti ons w ou l d su ffici ently
c om p or t w i th t he u ni ty of the g e ne ral pl a nwhi ch w e hav e
b e fo re O b s erv e d t o p e r vad e t he w ork s of c r e ati on The
‘

p rob abili ty i s how ev e r that both O f the se m od e s of p r o

, ,
,

d u c ti onw ere to s om e e x tent O b s e r v ed i nthe o ri gi nati onof

, ,

the en sem b le o f the An i m al and other Ki ngd om s ; b u t i n

nei ther c as e i s i t p r ob abl e th at any for m or cr eati onw as nu
fol d e d e x ce p t u p onthe b a si s of a s u i tabl e p r e c e d i n
, g d e v el op
m en t w hi ch i n s om e s e n
, ,
s e se r v e d a s i ts m a te r i al g e r m
,
or ,

p red i sp osi ng cond i ti onof d ev el op m ent .

Unl ess w e ad op t s om e su ch the or y as h er e p r op ou n d ed ,

m an y n a tu ra l fac ts — fa c ts w hi ch the c au se O f tr u e theolofi r

an d r eligi oncann e v e r b e s u b ser v ed by d en yi ng— will r em ain

en ti r e ly i n e x p lic abl e .
 C H A P TE R X X I V
L AW AGEN CY AN D D I V I N E AG E N C Y .

IN the light of the fo r egoi ng r e m ar k s r e sp e cting the o rd er ,

s u cc e s s iv e d e v el op m e n ts a n d r el a ti ons of the organi c t r ibe s

, ,

let u s now p r e ss to a fin a l an d m o r e s p ecifi c d eci s i on the ,

qu es ti on w h e ther the sy stem of C r ea tion a s i t now stand s

, , ,

c am e to e xi s t i na n s en se th r o u h the O p e r a tio n s of L aw "

y , g ,

an d i f s o i nw ha t s e nse a nd wi th w ha t a cco m p an
, ,
yi ng con
e l u s i on s r el a tiv e to the d oc tr i n e of Pr ovi d en ce s or O f D ivi ne ,

in te r p os i ti on s

B u t tha t w e m ay p u r su e t hi s i nq u i r y i nte lligibly w e m u st ,

O bvi ou sly fi rst d e fine p r ec i sely w h a t w e m e an by the t e rm

“L aw ” L a w a s i t i s nd e r s tood by the b e st au tho r i ti e s
.
, u ,

m ea n s s i m ply a r u l e o f a c t i on or a d e fin i te m od e or m ethod
,

i nw hi c h for c e and m oti on p r oc e ed tow a r d the a ccom pli sh

m en t of a ne n d It i s not the refor e of i tse l f e i th er forc e o r
.
, , ,

m o ti on b u t on
,
ly the r u le Of a c tio n w hich the se i n th ei r ,

o p e r a ti on s are m a d e to O b s e r v e
,
.

N ow i t m ay b e sa fe ly a s se r ted th at th e re i s no for ce or
m oti on e i the r i n the u n
,
ive rs e Of m atte r or the u niv ers e Of
m in d w hi ch i n i ts op e ra ti ons d o e s n ot O b s er v e som e ru l e
'

, , , ,

s om e m e thod a n d h enc e som e la w

,
If i nd e ed the re cou l d b e
.
, ,

an ac ti on or m o ti onw i thou t m e th od or la w t ha t a c ti on or
y ,

m oti onw ou l d n e c e s sa r ily b e c h a o tic an d w ou l d ten ,

d d i r ec tly
t o the tota l su bve rs i o nof all law an d or d er and thu s to r ed u ce ,

all thin g s to chao s It i s im p o ssibl e for a m an to co nce ive a

.
 U N IVE R SAL I TY OF LAW . 23 5

t hou ght x cep t i n ac cord ance w i th som e la w of thou gh t

,
e .

N ay i t i s s el f e v i d ently i m p oss ibl e e v e nfor the Infi n

,
-
i te M ind
to c on c e iv e a th ou ght o r u t fo r t h a n ac ti on e x ce p t i ncon
p , ,

ne c ti onw i th som e d e fi ni te m od e or form and henc e law of , ,

p r o ce d u r e w hi ch tha t thou ght or acti onsp ontaneo u sly a ss u m e s .

Inthe I nfi ni te M ind the r efo re L aw i n i ts spi r i tu al s ense i s

, , , ,

s e l f e xi s te n
-
t an d e te rn al Thence i t p r oc e ed s by v oli ti on i n
.
, ,

ou te r c r e a ti on s an d a s su m e s the fo r m s Of w hat a r e t e r m e d the

,

“l aw s of na tu r e ” T hes e a s m od es or r u l es of m ate r i a l
.
, ,

m otion c om m e n
,
t he p hy s i c a l u n
ce at the l ow es t and m os t chaoti c ger m s of
iv e rs e and (b e i ng c ons tantly su ppli ed by
,

v ol u n ta tiv e an d hig her i nflo w i n s fr om t h e i r Infi ni te S pi r i tu al

g
S o u r ce ) p roc e ed In r egu l a r ord er of a s cend i ng d ev el op m ent ,

th r o u gh all s u b s e qu e n t m o ti on s an d c r e a tio ns u n til i n the , ,

h ei ghts of the cel es ti al u ni v e r s e c reatio n aga i n m erg e s i tself ,

in tha t I n fi ni te D ivine Esse nce from which i t origi nally

s p r an g And a s all m o t io ns a re i na cc ord ance w i th som e d e
.

fi ni te r u l e m e thod or law hence all fo rm s c reati ons and c on

, , , , ,

d i ti ons fr o m l ow e s t m ater i a l to the high e st spi r i tu a l a nd

,

c el es ti al w hi ch i n r egu l a r se ri al or d er s a re d e v el op ed by
, , ,

m ea n ho s e m o ti on re n c ssa r ily law d e v elop e d a n

s o
f t s a e e ,
d -

law gov er ned

-
If thi s w e r e not so th en c r eati on i nd eed
.
, , ,

w ou l d not e xhibi t a ny sy stem or m etho d ini ts arrang e m ents ,

su ch a s i s n ow app are n t throu ghou t i ts w hol e d om a i n s bu t ,

the v ar iou s form s of w hi ch i t i s c o m p o s ed w o u l d n ec e ssa r ily ,

b e totally d i s co nne cte d an d con fu sed .

It i s w or thy of rem ark th at the i d ea O f law a s g ov e rning

,

the p r oc e ss e s O f c r e a tio n ob tai n s p r ed o m i n ance i np r opo r ti on

to the d e v el op m e n t of the hu m anm i n d Th u s the chil d con .

c e ivas that the g r ass i s m ad e to g row by an ab stract i nte rp o

s i ti ou of the po w er of G od w i th whi c h he i s u n ,
abl e to con ne c t
an i d ea of law B t s hi s m i n d un f ol d s an d th e fi el d Of
y u a .
,
2 36 L A W A G E N C Y A N D D I V I NE A G E N C Y .

hi s O b s er va ti one x tend s ,
g rass g r o w s i nall
he d i s cov e r s th at ,

ca s e s u nd er certaingiv enc ond i ti ons and h ence g r ow s a ccor d

, ,

i ng to a fix e d r u l e H e s till p e r hap s b eli ev es that G od by a

.
, , ,

d i r ec t a nd i sola ted fiat O f H i s w ill ca u s e s the r a i nto fall the , ,

thu n d er to p ea] and the lig htn ,

i ng to fl ash b u t a fu rthe r d e
v e lo m e n t O f h i s m in d or r e c ts thi s i m p r e s s i n a n d ho
p c
o s w s ,

hi m th at the r ai ns the thu nd e rs and the lightni n , g s a re de

, ,
_

p end ent u p on a m or e g ener a l a d m i ni s trati on of the D ivi ne

Pow er th rou gh a tm osp he r ic a nd el ec tr ic m ed i a and co nd i ti on s .

H e s till p e rhap s i m agine s that the su n m oon and pl ane ts

, , , ,

u r s u e the i r co u rs es i nthe h ea v en
a r e m ad e to
p s by the d i r e c t

v oli ti ona r y e ffor t O f G od conce ntr ated sp ecifi cally and ab

s tr a c tl u p onth e m b u t w henhi s m i n d i s i ntr o d ce d t th
y ; u o e

s e r i es of d e m on s tr a t i on s p re s en t e d i nthe s ci en ce Of Astr ono

m h e p er c e i v e s tha t all t he s e p he n om en a a r e i na c cor d an c e
y ,

w i th a g en er a l m e thod i nw hi ch all aggr e g a ti on s O f m atte r i n

fr e e s p ac e a c t He s till p rob ably b eli ev e s (a cco r d i ng to a

.

c om m on an ,
d as w e hav e b efor e s h ow n an e rr one ou s i n
,
te r ,

r e ta ti on of S a c r e d S c rip tu r e ar th on w hi c h he
p ) th at the e

d w ell s w a s d i re ctly sp ok eni nto e xi stenc e by G od i nthe s p a ce ,

o f s i x li te r al d ay s a b ou t si x thou s an ,
d y e a rs ago ; b u t w he n
he a tta i ns a m o r e en l ar g ed u nd ers ta ndi ng of the m e chani cal
an d ch em i c al for ce s w hi ch G od has i ncor p ora te d i nthe sy s tem
of n atu r e an d r ea d s the p hy si ca l hi stor y O f ou f pl ane t a s
,

w r i tte nu p onthe r oc k s he p e r c e i v e s t h a t ou r gl ob e has b e e n

, ,

b r o u ght fr om a p r i m e val cha oti c to i ts p r e sent p e r fe cted sta te , ,

by m eans of fix ed m e thod s of O p erati onof m atter exp re ss e d ,

“ ” “ ”
by the ter m s cond ensati on ab rasion d ep o si tion s
,
”
, , ,
”
re ati on
g g e t c,
A n d .i f t he hypo the si s
( s e e m i n ly s u pp or ted
g
by all anal ogy ) th at v ege tabl e ani m al and e v e n hu m a n or , ,

a n i s m s ca m e to e xi st thro u h the i n s tru m e n ta li ty o f e qu ally

g , g
fix ed and u nv aryi ng l aw s i s now m et by sto rm s of o pp o si ,
 LAW AND FORCE . 237

ti on and i d i cu l e i t sh ou l d b e r em em b e red that p reci sely

r ,

s i m il ar op p os i ti on b a se d u po n p r e c i s ely t he s a m e r ou n d
, g s ,

a tte n d ed a si m il a r an nou nce m ent w h enfi rst m ad e w i th r e fe r ,

~

en c e to the or i gi na n d m odu s op er a ndi O f m an y for m s and d e

a r tm e n t s of n a tu re con er n i n g h i h t h n n u n c n t i
p c w c e a o e m e s

now fu lly ad m i tted to h av e b e ent ru e ; and the final tri u m p hs

O f As tr on o m y an d G eol ogy ov er the d r agonof u nscr ip tu r a l ,

a s w ell as u n h i lo s o hi ca l opp o s i ti on w hi c h s to od b e for e the i r

p p , ,

p ar ents to d e v ou r them as soon as th ey w er e b or n shou l d ,

s tan d a s a w a r ni n g agai nst a too hasty d eci si onu nfa v or abl e to

la w d e v el op m ents a s appli ed to all o th er d ep ar tm en
-

,
ts O ,
r an
g i c

an d e v ensp i r i tu al a s w ell as i nor g anic and m ater i al

,
.

Ye t w heni t i s a ss e r te d tha t all thi ngs as to t he i r c r eati on

, ,

an d fu n c ti on al op e r a ti on s a r e wi thi n the g ov e r n
,
ing i nfl u ence s
t he sen se i nw hi ch w e h a v e d e fin e d the te rm
“ law
”
o f la w , ,

s hou l d b e d i s ti n c tly bo r n e i nm i n d ; and for the sak e of m ore

e xpli c i tn e s s onthi s p oi n t a s w ell a s t o show tha t ou r p osi t i on
,

i nv olv e s no O bj e cti onabl e theol ogical cor r olar i es w e w ill h e r e ,

su b m i t a fe w m ore c o n s i d er at i on s r e sp e c ti n g it .

I ha v e sai d th at L aw i s not o i t l f f s e f or ce o r m o ti o n — hence ,

tha t i t can c r e ate n othi n g or d o not hi ng of i ts el f ; b u t tha t i t

i s s i m ply the m od e or r u le by w hi ch for c e and m oti on act .

“
H enc e w henw e sp ea k of the law Of Exp ansi on, for i nstance ”
, ,

w e r e fe r o n ly to a m o d e o f O p e ra t i o n a m o n g p a r t i c l e s o r

s u b s ta n ces ,
w hi ch i s e xp r e s se d by the te rm Exp ansi on
p k “ vi i n ”
n ly f
w h e n w e s e a o f th e l aw o f G r a t a t o ,
w e o r e e r t o

tha t a p r t i c u l a r m o d e O f a c t i o n a m o n g m a t e r i a l s w h i c h t h e t e r m

“ ra v i ta ti on” d efi nes A n d w e h a v e a s i m il a r m ean i ng w he n

k
g .

w e s ea p O f a n y o th e r la w . B u t t h e F o r c e by w h i c h t h e a c

i
t on p,
r oc e e d i n g ac c or d i n g t o th e s e v a r i o u s la w s ,
i s
g e n e r a te d ,

r em ai n s e t to b e a cc o u n t e d fo r ; a n d t h i s w e w ill n ow a t t e m p t
y
to d o at the sa m e t i m e t h a t w e a tt e m p t t o ill u s t r a t e h o w
,
238 L AW AGENCY AND DI V I NE A GENCY .

m odes or l aw s of act ionca m e to b e su c h h e m The

as w e s ee t .

r e m ark s n ow to b e O ffe re d will a t the sa m e ti m e ill u strate

, ,

the d i r ec t a g en c y w hi ch G od has i nthe p r oce ss of c r e a ti on a n d ,

fu rni sh the fou n d ati onof a t ru e u n d e rstandin g of the d octri ne

O f Pr o vi d e n ce .

O ne featu r e of the p r es e nt su bj ec t has al r ead y b e en p re

‘

s en te d u n
,
d er anill u s tra ti onw hi ch m ay ag ai nb e ca lled u p , an d
ca rr i e d ou t i n to fu r ther p a r ti c u l ars A b u il d e r b e for e p r o
.
,

c ee d in to t h e ou te r c on s tr u c ti onof ane d ifi c e fi rs t co n ce iv es
g ,

the g e ne r a l pl a n a n ,
d i d e ally p e rc e iv es the g e ne ra l ap p ea rance
of tha t e d ifi c e i nhi s ow nm i n d Thi s conc ep ti oni s the a rch e
.

typ e or p a tte rna cc o r d i n t o w hi ch the e d ifi c e as anou te r Ob

g ,

e c t i s to b e e r e c te d ; a n s e r ec tio ni s a m e re clo thi n g

j ,
d i t O f th e

a rch e typ e o r p a tte rn wi th ou ter m a te r i al i n

,
v es ti tu re B u t thi s .

cl othi ng of the a rch ety p e cannot b e acc o m pli shed ex c ep t by

the v ol u n ta tiv e an d en e r gizi n g i nfl u ence of the s o u l spi r i t or , ,

m in d of the b u il d er a c ti ng a m ong the m a te ri al s to b e w r ou ght

i nto the phy s ical s tru c tu r e w hich ac ti onm ay b e e i th er th r o u gh
,

the m e d i u m O f the b u il d er s ow nm u s cl e s th r o u gh the m i n

’
,
ds
an d m u sc l e s of others to who m hi s c om m an
, d s m ay b e giv en ,

o r throu gh a su i ta bl e m achi n e whi ch he ha s p r e vi ou sly d e

s ig n e d an d p re p ar e d .And w h enthe b u il d i ng i s thu s e r e c te d ,

i t s tand s as an e x ac t co r r e sp ond ent an d e m b od i m ent of that

p ar ti cu l ar for m and deg r ee O f i ntellig ence and v oli tion w hi ch ,

w e re r e qu i si te to the concep ti on Of i ts pl an and the con ,

j oi ni ng of i ts m ate r i al s After the b u il d ing i s fi ni sh ed

.
,

h ow ev er the b u il d e r W i thd raws all fu r ther acti on and i nflu

,

en c e fr o m i t and i t i s l e ft as a m as s of p e rfec tly d ea d a n

,
d
m oti on l e ss m a te ri al s b u t cou l d he p erm anently i nfix i n
i t su c h p or ti ons or d eg r e e s of hi s o w n en e r gizi ng spi ri tu al
e ss e n ce a s w ou l d b e r e qu i si te to k e ep i t i n r ep ai r and to con ,

s tan tly r efi n e an d i m p r ove i t a n ,

d to d e v elo p i ts u l ti m a te
 C L O TH I N G O F A R C H ETY PE S . 23 9

p u rp ose s ,
the b u il d i ng wou l d i n that cas e be a li v i ng cr ea
t i on.

N ow it l ogi cally p rov ed i n anothe r p art of thi s w ork

w as ,
-
,

t ha t the Un i v e rs e or the w hol e g reat Ki ngd o m of m a teri ali ty

,

w hi c h i t c om p ri s e s i s n o t sel f e xi sten
,
t a nd e te rn al b u t tha t i t
-
,

as n ec e ss a r ily ha d a beg i n ni ng as any h u m anor othe r p hy s i cal

.

o rg a n i sm had —that i t i s ther efor e nece ssa r ily d ep end ent u p on

ana n te c e d e n t an d cor r e sp on d ent e xi s tenc e as i ts C a u s e w hi ch ,

m u st h av e b e e n n ot i n er i or b u t su p er i or to i ts e l f e v e n as
f , , , ,

the n a tu ral s u ni s su p e ri or t o the p l an t w hi ch i ts b ea m s ca u se .

t o g row B e i ng thu s s u p e r i or to and the cau se of the w hol e

.
, ,

O f m a te r i al e xi s te n c e w e w e r e for c e d to c on
,
ce iv e O f i t a s a

s u p er m a te r i al s u p er u n
-
,
iv e rs al and h ence sp i r i tu a l Exi s tence
-

, ,

of w hi ch i n telli ge n ce p e r sonali ty and h ence D i v i ni ty a re

, , ,

p r ed i cabl e .

Thi s spi ri tu al i ntellig ent p e rso nal D ivi ni ty w h om w e call

, , ,

G od th en b e i ng ante ce d e nt t o and the C a u s e of the u niv er

, , , ,

s al s y s tem of c r e a ti on an d s u stai ni n g tow ard i t the sa m e r e

,
'

l a tionw hi ch a n e ar thly b u ild e r su stai ns tow a rd a ho u se p ro

p o sed to b e er ec ted m u s t i n lik e m anne r w i th the l a tter
, .
, ,

h av e conceiv ed i n hi s ow n m i nd the arche type s or p atterns

,

of the u n iv e rsal s tru ctu re w i th all i ts i ncl u d ed ki ngd om s , ,

sy stem s se r i es
,
d egr e e s s p e ci e s a n
,
d e sse nti al for m s from
, , ,

l ow est to hi ghe st b e for e p r o ce ed i ng to cl othe the s e w i th o u ter

,

i nv e sti tu r e And as i n the m i nd Of the hu m anb u il d er the

.
,

a r ch e ty p e s o f the p r op os e d h ou s e a re a s i t w er e the Spi r i tu a l , ,

nu cl e i a r ou nd w hi ch by hi s ow nvoli t i onar y e ffor t the m a

, ,

t e ri als a r e m a d e to c l u ste r an d th u s fi n ally e s tabli s h the

,

s tru c tu r e a s a n o u ter c r e a ti on s o i nthe m i n d O f the D ei ty , ,

the a r che typ e s of the Un iv e r sal S tr u ctu r e O f S ol ar S y stem s , ,

of G e olog i cal D e v elop m e n ts of M i n era l Ki n d o m s V e g e ta bl e

g , ,

Ki ng d o m s Ani m al Ki ng d o m s and the u niversal Hu m an

, ,
24 0 L AW AGEN CY AND DIVINE AG ENCY .

c r ea ti o n,w i th all the s p e cific and

nti al form s w hich th e se
e s se

r e s p ec tiv ely i ncl u d e , w e r e the spi ri tu al nu cl ei , and p r e

e xi s te n t, i n te r i or r e ali ti e s, ar o u n d w hi ch , by the fo r c e O f con
s ta n t D i v in e v oli ti on t he r e qu i s i te p a r t icl e s a nd e ss e n ce s a r e
,

m a d e to c l u s te r , by w a O f e s tabli s hi n g t h em i n o u te r a n d
y
t an g ibl e f orm s .

N ow , b o th w i th the h u m an b u il d er and hi s h ou s e, and the

D i v i ne B u il d e r afi d the sy s tem of the u nive rs e, the a rche
typ e s con ce i v ed i nthe m i nd , consti tu te d the l aws or r u l e s b y
w hi c h ou tbr m ate r i a l s act e d i n th ei r a gg r eg a ti on s in to O u te r
for m s ; w hil e , i n b oth ca s es , the for ce by whi ch tho se m a
t e r i als w e r e i m p ell e d to ac t a t all, o r igi n a te d i nthe v oli ti on

O f the B u il d e r H e re i s the d i ffe r ence b e tw e en L a w and

.

F or ce . L aw O f i ts el f c o u l d not cr eate any t hi ng, th ou gh all

thi n s w e r e c re ate d a cc or d i n g t o L aw F o r ce O f i ts e l f c ou l d
g .

not c r ea te any thi ng , th ou gh all thi ng s ar e c r eated by the

appli c a ti on of F o r c e It i s by m eans of F or ce, a s an i m
.

p u l s ive p r i ncipl e , and L aw , a s a di r ector of i ts i m p u l sions, th a t

a ll thi n g s hav e sp r u ng i nto b e ing .

The i d ea m ay p e r hap s b e r end ere d still m o r e cl ea r to s om e

m in d s by c onsi d e r i n
,
g the w h ol e u ni te d sy s tem of ar chety p es
a s on r an d M ou ld , fa shio n e d i n the wi sd om of the B u il d e r ,
e
g
i nto w hi ch, by the d i r e ct v ol u ntativ e effort of the B u il d er ,
m a te r i al s a r e p ou r ed , by w a y of form i n g t h e o u te r st ru c t u r e
.

B u t w i thou t the e x tr a p r o c e e d i n g s of p ou ri ng the m ate ri al s

i nto i t, the m ou l d m ight e xi st for e v e r wi th ou t givi ng r i se t o
the ca s ti n g, w hil e , ont he o ther hand , all the effor ts i m agi n
a bl e c ou l d n ot
g iv e r i se to the ca sti n g ,
d i d no t th e m o u ld

e xi st to r ec e iv e it
.

W e hav e s een that i f the h u m an b u il d er i n c l othi ng hi s ,

m enta l a r ch ety p es of a p rop os ed s tr u ctu re co u l d p e r m a n en tly ,

infix i nth a t s tr u c tu r e that p o r tionor d eg ree of the en er gi z ing

 H U MAN AN D D IV I N E B U I L D E R . 24 1

i nfl u ence of hi s ow n spi ri t w hi ch w o u l d b e r e qu i s i te by a
, ,

s p on ta n e ou s i n te r nal ac ti on t o k ee p the s tr u c t u r e i n r e p ai r
, ,

an d at the sam e ti m e t o r e fi ne and p er fe c t i t the s tr u ctu re ,

w o u l d b e i ns om e sen
,
se a li v i n
, g c r e a t i o n B u t a.l th o u h thi s
g
i s not the ca se w i th the h u m an b u il d e r and his w ork i t is ,

p r eci s e ly the case w i th the D ivine B u il d er and the u niv e r sa l

Ed ific e w hi ch he has e stabli she d N ot on
. ly d oes the sy st e m
o f c r ea ti ona s a W hol e b u t e a c h o f i ts i n
,
cl u d e d and c o rr e
s on d i n s u b sy s te m s c on t ai na p ow er O f i n t er n a l m o ti onan d
p g
-
,

s u s ten ta ti on i n fu se d by the C r e a tor a t i ts or igi n and w hi ch i s

, ,

now p e rp e tu ally s u sta i ne d by i nfl u x fr om Hi m and i s e v e r ,

acti n g i np aral le li sm w i th the o r igi nal ar ch e typ e w hi ch c ons ti ,

t u ts s i ts la w It w a s i nV i e w of t hi s fac t that i t w a s a rgu ed

.
,

i n an o th e r p art O f thi s w or k i n oppo si ti on to the r e ce iv e d

,

phil osophy that i f the cos m i cal s y ste m c o u l d by any fonej g n

, ,

agen c y b e com e d e r a n
,
g e d or thr o w nou t of e qu ilib r i u m i na ny
w a i n ste ad of the d e ran g e m en t p r og ressi n
g a n d u l t i m atin g
y, ,

i na total w r ec k O f the sy s tem the i nte rnal for ce s O f r e cu p er

,

a t ionw ou l d b e su ch a s t o s oonr e s tor e the w o n te d e q u ilib r i u m ,

an d all thi n g s w ou l d go ona s b e fb re B u t onthe othe r hand

.
,

w e r e the C r eator t o w i thold the i n fl u x of and w i thd raw his

, ,

v i ta l en e r y fr o m the u n
g i v e rs e a s s oona s the m o m e n
,
t a O f ex
/
i s ti n fo r ce s a n d m oti on s b e c am e e x ha u s te d all t hi n s w ou l d
g g,

ne ce ssari ly com e to ane ternal s tagnati onand d ea th "

I hav e s ai d th a t the ar c h e ty p e s or p r e e xi s tent i d eal p atte r ns
-

of e a ch cr e ati on a r e the sp i r i tu a l n
,
u c lei of the ou te r for m s of

w hi ch t h at c r e a tio n c on si s ts an ,
d h en ce that they c onsti tu te
the la w s by which F or ce acts i nthe agg r ega ti onO f su b s ta n ces ,

for the d e v el op m e n t O f the i r ou te r form s N ow a s i t w a s

.
,

b efor e sho w n that e ach c reati on b oth a s to i ts e x ter i or and

,

i ts i n te r i or an d V i talizing c on st i tu ti on i s s e v enfol d
,
s o ea ch
-

cr eation wi th i ts sp i ri tu al nu cl ei li fe and l aws i s i n s o m e

, , , , ,

21
24 2 LAW A GEN CY AND D I V I N E AGEN CY .

se ns e a corr e sp ond e nt a nd r ep re s enta ti v e O f the

,
se v enfol d
-

c ons t i t u ti on o f the D e i ty , o r t he
“s e v e n s pi ri ts
'

Of G od
s p ok enof inR e v el a ti on Each se v enfol d c r eati on the r e fore
.
-

, ,

i s the s am e w i th a ll o the r s a s t o cor r esp ond ence b u t i s d i ffe r ,

en t f om all othe r s a s to d eg r ee ; a n
r d e ach one c ontai ns w i thi n
i ts el f a s i ts V i talizi ng and e ne rgizi ng s ou l a cor r esp ond i ng de
, ,

r ee O f the s e v e nfol d ha r m on i c o f D ivi ne L o e a nd Wi s d om

g s v
-
.

L e t thi s l a tter p oi nt b e d i s ti n c tly u n d er s too d ; G od e xi sts

i nthe u niv e rsa l c osm i cal s y s tem a s i ts s ou l b u t d oe s not e x ,

i s t the r e a s G od b u t on ,
ly i nthe qu ali ty and cap ac i ty of those
V i talizi ng and op e rativ e fo rc es and p r incipl es of for m w hi ch ,

w ere n e c e s s a r y t o the c r e a ti on a n d a r e now ne c e ss a ry t o the

,

s u b s i s te n ce ,
i nter nal m oti ons a nd c onstant i m p rov e m ent of
,

t he g e n e r a l c r ea ti on as s u ch ; i n S ol a r S y s te m s G od e xi s ts i n
, ,

the d eg r ee of those vi tal a n d m o ti v e for ce s w hi c h a re ne c e s sa ry

'

to t he m a s su ch ; i n pl a n e ts G od e xi st s al s o i n hi s se v e n , ,

fol d ha r m on
_
i e s b u t only i n a d eg re e ne ce ssar y to c onsti tu te
,

t he V i tali ty a n ,
d to ori gi na te the i nte rn a l m oti on s an d othe r
fu nc ti onal op er ati ons of pl ane ts as su ch i nt he M i ne r al Ki n
, , g
d om G od e xi sts a s m i ne r al and che m i cal L i fe ; i nthe Ve get
a bl e Ki n d om
g ,
a s the p r i n c ipl e O f v e e tab le L i fe ;
g i n t he

Ani m al Ki ngd om a s the p r i ncipl e of ani m al i nsti nc tiv e a nd

, , ,

s em i i n te ll e c tu al L i fe b u t n ot e t a s G od ; i n the H u m an
y
-

W orl d he e xi s ts as the p r i ncipl e O f hu m anL i fe ; b u t only i n

a p e r fe c tly i n teg r al p u r e i n
,
noc ent and ha rm oni ou sly c onsti
, ,

t u te d M a n d oes H e e xi s t i n hi s focaliz e d a n
,
d qu a nti ta tiv ely
d im in i she d b u t qu ali tativ ely p e rfected S el fhood as G od
”

.
, ,

B u t i n a d i s c r e e t d eg r ee a b ov e the w h ol e u ni v er s e O f ou te r
c rea ti on s H e e xi s ts i nhi s Au g u s t In
,
fini te and I neffabl e S el f
, ,

h ood as the Alpha a nd O m ega the F i r s t and the L ast the

, , ,

B egi nni ng and End O f all thi ngs "

Thou gh the se i nv e stiga ti ons h av e b e en p u rsu ed and thes e ,
 DIVINE DWELLING PLACES -
. 24 3

nl
co c u s o i ns hav e b eend raw n i nd ep end ently of the r ev el ati ons ,

O f the S cr i p tu r e s I cann ot a b s ta i nfr om m a r ki n

,
g thei r p erfect
p a rall eli s m w i th the l ang u ag e of P au l i n the foll ow i ng p as
“
s a es :
g O n e G od w ho i s A B OV E all a n
, d TH R O U G H a ll and , ,

IN Y O U all ”—
Ep h iv 6
.
“ And he i s B EF O RE all thi ngs and
. . .
,

by hi m all thi ng s C ON S I S T C ol i 1 7 “F o r O F hi m a nd
.
-
. . .
,

TH R O UG H him a nd TO hi m a r e AL L TH IN G S ; to w ho m b e glor y
,
”—
for e v er Rom xi 3 6
. R ep r esenti ng the D i v i ne V i talizi n
. . . g
p r i ncipl e fl ow i ng i nto and p er va d i ng m an as taki ng the char
, ,

ac ter Of m an the s a m e a s w he n fl ow i n
,
g i nto and V i talizi ng ,

an i m al s v eg etabl e s m ineral s w orl d s i t al w ay s tak e s the

, ,
, ,

s p e cifi c chara cte r O f i ts r e c ep tacl e— D avi d ad d ressi ng the ,

D e i ty say s “ Wi th the m e rci fu l thou w il t show thy s el f

, ,

c i fu l an ,
d w i th the u p r igh t m an thou w il t sho w thy se l f u p
r ight : w i th the p u r e t h ou w il t show thy s el f p u re an d Wi th ,
.

”—
t he fr ow ar d thou w il t S ho w thy s el f fr ow a r d Ps xviii . . .

25 26
,
Thi s can not m ean that G od i n hi s tru e p er sonal
.
,

c har ac ter i s an o the r th a n m e r c i fu l u p r i ht an d p u re b u t

y , g , , ,

tha t hi SVi tali z m g a n d ener gizi n n w in s i n o m an W i thou t

g i fl o g t (
w hi c h m an w ou l d b e d e a d b ody and s o u l ) can e x ci te the ,

q u ali ti e s of m e r cy u p ri ghtne s s pu r i ty e tc only a s these

, , ,
.
,

Co m p or t w i th the char acter of the r e c ep tacl e It i s s ai d m or e .

,

o v e r th a t G od d w ell s
“ w i th hi m w ho i s of an h u m bl e an d
,

c on tr i te spi ri t tha t i s d w e ll s n ot a s a m e r e gen,

e ra tor of ,

m a te r i al for c e an d ac ti on a s he d w e ll s i n the l o w e r c r ea ti ons

, ,

b u t d w ell s a s G od i nhi s i nter i or s ou l a s i na te m pl e ; w hil e ,

“ ”
fu ll ne s s of the G od he ad d w e l t “ ”
b od ily only i n that
t he

e v er to b e a d m i r e d p e rs on
- - -
ag e w ho w a s ab s ol u tely w i thou t s i n , ,

w ho e xp r e s sly d e cl a red th a t he w a s i nu n i ty w i th the F a ther

— that he w as i n the F nd the F
a the r , a a th er nd i ni nhi m ,
a

w hose l i l pu r i ty
c e es t a ,
d i si nte r est ed and u nb ou nd ed l ov e , and
li fe l ong l abo r s and sacr ifice s
-
for the g ood Of hu m ani ty , w e
244 L A W A G E N C Y A N D D I V I N E A GE N C Y .

h av e the only fu ll and tr u e m ani fe s ta ti onof the m o ral a ttri

b u te s o f the D e i ty .

The for egoi ng w ill p r ob ably s er v e t o the r ead er a s a s u f

fic i ent ill u s tr a t i onO f the v a r i ou s d eg r ees of the D ivi ne Pr i n
c i le as n o e m b o d i e d i n the d i ffe r e nt nd po nd i n g
p ,
w a c orr e s

S er i es a nd D eg r e e s of the c r e a ti ons he has fo rm e d The .

m ethod of the su cce s si v e o ri i n a ti on of the s e v a r i ou s S e ri e s

g
an d D egr e es o f c r e a ti on has a l so b e e ni n
,
ci d e n ta lly i m pli ed i n

w ha t ha s b e ens a i d ; b u t a s thi s i s a p oi n t w hi ch b ea r s u po n

i m p ortant sp ec u l ati ons w hi ch a r e r i fe i n these d ay s s om e ,

fu r th e r ill u s tra ti onu p onthe su bj ec t m ay b e u se fu l .

The p oi nt to b e ill u s tr a te d and i ns i s te d u p oni s that c reati on ,

d i d not d e v e l op i tsel f e i the r a c c or d i ng to i nher e n

,
t for c e s of

i ts ow n nor a re i ts d e v el op m ent and i ts p r e s ent i nte r n al O p e r

‘

a ti on s ow i n s i m ply to the m om e n en e r a te d by t he
, g t a
g fi r st

i m p u lses i m p r es s e d u p on m a t te r by the C r ea tor w hil e the ,

C re ator hi m s e l f r e ti r e d for e te r ni ty a s one w ou l d r e ti r e fr om

,

a cl oc k tha t w a s on c e w ou n d u p and s e t a g oi n g In ca se O-
f .

s u ch r e ti r e m en t O f the D ei ty a fte r the fi r s t i m p u l s e had b e e n

,

i v e nto m ate r i al s thos e m a te r i al s w ou l d ha v e m ov e d on ly i n

g ,

the d i r ec ti onf o the i m p nt

uil lse,
t h a nd
e m om en to
u m nly u .

ener a ted beca m e ex ha u s ted and c r ea ti on c ou l d n o t p oss ibly

g ,

hav e p a ss e d on e El e m e n tal D e g r e e b e y ond a fir st d e v el op

m en t H ence, e ach su p e r i or d egr ee of c rea ti on m u st m e c e s
.

s a ri l h a v e b e ena cc om pli she d by the a i d O f fo r c e s o u ts i d e o f,

y
s u p er i or to, a n d al toge the r i ndep end ent of, i ts el f, w hi ch gav e
t he p hy s i cal e l em e n ts , i nv olv ed i n the p revi ou s d e v el op m ent,
a n u p w ard a ttr ac t o i n, and a t end e nc y to agg rega te i n the
for m of nex t s u p e r i or s e ri es O f a rch e typ es c onc e i v e d i n
the

t he D i v i ne Min d And thi s i s t ru e i nr e sp e c t to the d e v el op

.

m en t of c r e a ti on a s on e G r an
,
d S e r i es, and al s o i n r e sp ec t to
the d e v e l op m en t O f e a ch of i ts c o r re sp on di ng su b se ri es -
.
 L ABY R I N TH OF C R E A TI O N . 24 5

Thi s wh ol e su bj ec t wi th o th er p oi nts i nou r g eneral p hilo sophy

, ,

m a
y b e ill u strated by the acco m p any i ng d i ag ram .

sev en fol d tr i an gu l ar fig u re (one angl e b e ing w i thi n

an othe r) w hi ch d esc end s from the u pp e r p ar t of the d i agram ,

an d W h ose m os t ex ter i or an l e co m e s to a p oi nt a t the cen te r

g
of the d i ag r am r ep res en
,
t a s e v enfol d Ray or G l or y em an
-
at

in f h e D ivi n e B ein g Thi s w e w ll s u pp os e t o r ep r e s en

g r om t .
i t

the C om p le te D eg r ee O f the D ivi n e S ou l an

,
d S pi r i t an d Per
,

s on w hi ch w as to g e n e r a t e an
,
d t o he i ns om e s ens e e m b od i e d
,

in u niv ersa l c r eationw i th M an a t i ts h ea d R e solv ed i nto

.

thr ee D i scr e e t D eg r e es w e w ill s u pp ose th at thi s Ray or

,

G l or y co nsi sted Of D ivi ne S pi r i tu al H ea t w hi ch i s L ov e of

, ,

Di vi ne Spi ri tu al L ight which i s Wi sd o m and of D ivine Po

, ,
246 L AW A GEN C Y AN D D I V INE AGE N CY .

te nti aliz in Essenc e , hi ch “

pl e x c onti ne nt and
is the c om
g w , ,
”
b asi s of the p re ced i ng a nd h ence the m e d i u m of v oli ti ona l
O p e rati on “
,

. We w ill s u ppo s e then w ha t ca nn

( ,
ot b e e s s en t i a lly
e rr on at fr om the e m py r ea nh ei h ts of i n fi n i
eou s
) th , g te p e rfe c
t i on w h e r e G od b e for e c r e a ti on b egan ha d fr om e te r n
, , ,
i ty
d w el t i ni nc onc e ivabl e g r ea tness and p e r fe c ti on thi s s e v enfol d ,
-

and thr e e fol d Ray e m ana ti ng fr o m hi s ow nP erson d es cend ed

-

by v oli tion and a t i ts l ow es t e x tr em i ty r esolv e d i ts m os t ex

, ,

t e ri or e ss e n ( r ep r e s en by ou ter t r i a n gl i n
ce s t e d t h e e
) to a tom i c

p a r ti c les w hi ch i n form s a n
, ,
d cons ti tu ti ons corr e sp on d ed to ,

a r che typ e s p r e vi ou sly e xi s ti n g i n the D ivi ne consci ou sness ,

an d w hi ch w e r e d e si gne d t o b e w r ou ght i nto the s tru c t u r e of

thi s u n iv e rs e and all i t c ontai ns L e t the central p oi nt i nthe .

d i agra m the n r ep r es en
, ,
t the a tom i c or low es t s tag e of c re a ti on ,

thi s b e i n g th e p hy s ica l Ge r m fr om w hi c h t h e g r ea t T r e e of

u n ive rsa l B ei ng w as to g ro w F r o m thi s c entral p oi nt i t w ill

.
‘

b e o b s e r ve d p r oc e ed s a sp i r a l li ne w hi ch w hil e cons ta n
, ,
tly
,

r e ce d i n g from the c ente r w i nd s a r ou nd thr ou gh s ix r ad ii a nd

, ,

c om pl e te s the c i r cu i t O f the d i ag ram onthe cen te r of the d e

s c en d in g R a
y o n w hi c h i t c om m e n
,
ce d T h i s spi r a l li n. e i n ,

p a si ng a r ou nd r ep r e s ents the i ncep ti on p r og re s s and com pl e

s
, , ,

t i on O f the fi r s t C i r cl e S er i es or C o m pl e te D eg r e e O f F Orrhs
, , , .

F rom the c ente r of the d e sce nd i ng Ray and the a p e x O f a ,

s ec on d and m or e i nte ri o r tr i an gl e the sa m e sp i ral line thence

,

c onti nu e s and co m pl eti ng ano ther ci rcu i t w hil e p erp e tu ally

, ,

r e c ed i n g from the c e nte r r ep re se nts the co u r s e of the ne x t

,

higher a nd c o rr es po nd i ng C i rcl e O f crea ti ons And so com .

,

m en cin g e v e r y t i m e a t the
p oi nt r e r esen
p t in g th e co m p l e ti on

of the p re vi ou s C i rcl e hi s a t the s am e ti m e b e i n the foc u s

( t , g ,

o f a m or e i n te r i or D e g r ee of the D i v i n e g en e r ativ e Pr in c ipl e ) ,

i t co n ti nu es i ts co rr e spon di n g ci rc u i ts ar o u nd the d i ag ram all ,

the whil e e x p an d in g fro m the center and thu s rep resenting the ,
 T REE OF C RE ATI O N .

co u r s e of hi gh er nd still hi ghe r c r e a ti ons , u ntil the l as t i s a t

a

ta in e d w hi ch i s M an
, .

N ow the d e scend i ng D ivi ne c r ea tiv e Ray for m s the s e venth

r a d i u s o f the c i r cl e w hi ch r e p r e s en ts the b egi n ni ng a nd e nd i ng
,

of e ach S e r i es or c om pl e te D e r e e O f c r e at i on B u t the e n d
g s .

o f ea c h i s r e p r e s e n te d a s hig her thani ts b e gi n ni ng a nd a s i n ,

c on j u nc ti onw i th, and s u bj ec t to the Op er ativ e i nflow i ngs of ,

the n e x t hi he r D e r e e O f the D ivi n

g g e g e n e ra tiv e P r in c ipl e ,

w hi ch i s r ep r e s e n te d by the ap e x of the n e x t m or e i n t e r i or

t ri an g l e E
. ac h C i r c l e of d e v e l op m en t s tr ac e d d i r ec tly o r fr om ,

“
b egi nning to end, m ay b e call e d a li ne of na tu r a l a scent ”
.

e a ch c i r cl e tr ac e d i n v er sel
y o r fr om e nd
,
t o b e
g i nn i ng m a
y b e,

call e d a
“ ”
li ne of sp i r i tu a l descent, r ep r e senti ng the d e scent
or O p e r a tiv e i n flow i ngs of the D ivi ne V i ta lizi n a n d f o r m ativ e
g
Ene r gy , by w hi c h m ate ri al el em ents i nvol v e d i n i nfe r i or
form s ar e r efi ne d , ene rgiz e d , and b r o u ght by an u p w a rhr a t
tr a cti on i n to n e x t su p e r i o r , a n d thence still s u p e r i or , a nd fi n ally

i nto highes t fo rm s , a ccor d i ng to the p r e exi s tent a rchetyp e s O f -

sa i d for m s, or th ei r D ivi n e s pi r i tu al p atte r n s Thu s i s the

.

r ea t Tr e e O f u n iv e r s al c r ea ti onb r ou ht thr ou h all i ts s u cce s

g g g
s iv e s tag e s O f d e v el op m en t un to p e r fe c ti on ,
by c on s ta n tly d c

s c en di n i nfl u en c e s fr o m the D i v i n e Sp i r i tu a l S u n — i nthe s a m e
g
w a
y as the v e
g e ta bl e t re e i s m ad e to g r ow fr om g e rm to u l ti
m ate , by the constantly d es cend i ng i nfl u e nc e s O f the na tu r a l
S u n w hi ch how e v e r i s i nt er i orly v i taliz e d by the S pi ri t u al
, , ,
.

Bu t w e thi nk i t ou ght t o b e enti r ely O b v i ou s to e v e r y i nte lli .

g en t m in d tha t w i thou t th e s e d e s c en
,
d i ng a n d V i talizi n i n
g fl u

en ces n ,
ei ther Tr ee cou ld p r oceed a si n g le s tep i n i t s a s c end i ng
d e v el op m ent ; and m or e ov er i f a t any ti m e d u i ng the c o s e
, ,
r u r

O f the i r d e v el op m e nt thi s s u p er i or an d i nd ep end ent i nfl u ence

,

s hou l d b e w i thhol d en the d e v e l op m e n t w ou l d n e c e s sa r ily a n d

,

i m m ed i ately cease and s tagnationand d ecay w ou l d e nsu e

,
.
 24 8 L A W A GE NCY AN D D IV I N E A G E N C Y .

If the t r ee nnot gr ow w i th ou t the su n, i t m ay b e c onsi d

ca

e r e d e q u ally c e r tai nthat n a tu re a s a w hole, an d hence, al s o, a s

t o i t s c om p on en t p a r ts, fr o m g r e a te s t t o m os t m i n u te ha s n
,
o

p ow e r O f d e v el op m ent or m o ti oni nand O f i tsel f H enc e all

'
.

p ow e r , a s well as i ts d i r ec tive i nfl u e nce , m u st b e fr om a bov e

natu r e and h enc e from G od ; and h enc e all s te ll ar sy s te m s
, ,

s ol a r sy ste m s , w orl d s, m i n e r al s , v e g e ta bl e s , ani m als, an

_
d ev en
an i m al cu l e s , w e re c r eated and a re g ov erned not only by the
,

r em ote a n d i nd i r ect, bu t by the i m m ed i a te a n d di r ect, a g ency of

God
Th e s e ar e ons id erati ons w hi ch w e thi nk c om
am o ng the c

le tel o v e r th r o w t he p anthe i s ti c s p e cu l ati ons wi th w hich

p y
m u ch of the p hilo sop hy o f the d a i s m or e or l es s i m p r eg
y
nat e d .

The d i ag r am by p resenti ng a su ccess i onOf co nti nu ally

,
l
a s o,

e xp an di ng ci rcl e s all h avi ng one c enter and b ei ng consti tu ted

, ,

a fte r on e pri n c ipl e p r e s ents a c l e ar an

,
d c onci s e ill u s tra ti onO f
the d oc tr i n es o f S e r i e s D e r ees an d C or re sp on d e nc e s an d w ill
g , , ,

s e r v e thu s t o fix p e r m an en tly i n the m i n d a tr u e i d ea of the

com pl e xly u n i ta ry consti tu ti on and h arm oni ou sly i nte rbl end
-

in g m ov em e n t s of the u n iv e rse as e xp r e ss
,
iv e of t he L ov e ,

Wi sd om and i nfini te i nternal har m oni cs of i ts D IV I N E

,

AU THO R .
 C H A P TE R X X V .

P RO V I D E N C E .

THO UG H i t i s sho w n i n the foregoi ng p ag es th at c reati on ,

m u s t h a v e b e en d e v elo p ed an d m u st n
,
ow b e gov e r ned i n
i ts Op e r a tions a cc or d i n
,
g to d i rectiv e Wi s d om e xi sti ng i n
the fo r m s O f fix ed la w s th ere i s n ,
othi n g i n the th e o r y p r e
s en te d w hich c on tra d i c ts b u t e v er y thi n g w hich confi rm s tho se ,
,

d eep i ntu i tio n s of e v e r y w e l l r eg u l ate d m i n d r e sp ecti n th e con

-
, g
s tan t Pr ov i den ce O f G od a s c o n c er ne d i nthe u n fol d i ng an dg v o

ern m en t of hi s c r ea ti on If a s w e h a v e s een law of i ts el f has

.
, ,

no c r eative for ce b u t i s s i m ply a m o d e of ac tionp r e scr ib ed and

,

p r ed e te r m i ned by the a r ch ety p e s and i ntentions conceiv ed i n

the D ivi n e Mi n d ; an d i f to the r ealiz a ti onO f each su cce e d i n g
stag e Of c rea ti on h ow e v e r g r e at or m i n
,
u te a n a ddi ti on
,
a l an d
vol u nta tiv e i nfl u x of D ivi ne for m ativ e Energy w as ab sol u tely ,

nece ssa r y ; and m o r eov e r if the sam e cons tant i nfl u x i s ne

, ,

c es sa r t o s u stai nthe li fe a n d m ot i on s o f th e sy s tem after i t

y
i s i nb e i n g
— t h e n i t fo ll o w s th a t e v e r y e v e n t fr om th e bi,
r th

O f a w o r l d to the falli n g of a sp a rr ow or the ru stli ng of a l eaf

,

i nthe su m m er b r eez e i s i n s o m e s ense a Pr ov i d ence—th at

, , ,

i s i t w as p r ov i d ed for i nthe p r o d e te rm i ne d cou rs e O f D ivi ne

,
-

i ntellig ent voli tion and cau sa tion Bu t to p r e v ent i nvolvi ng

.

c r e ati oni ni n e x tri c abl e co n fu s ion and to e stabli sh and p r ese r v e

,

an or d e rly r el ati on ship an d a ffe ctionate i nter bl end i n g Of all -

form s an,
d a j u st an d h a r m onio u s r e cip r o ca tio n i n all th ei r
offices and m ov em ents God or ders ev enhis p r ov i dences accord
,
2 50 PROVIDEN CE .

ing to l aw s ,
or, it m a
y l
a m os t b e S a i d , he ha s m ad e t h em
sy nony m law s
ou s w i th .

It m ay s a fely b e b e li e v e d that the p r e s ent or d er and pl an

O f c rea t i oni s the b es t tha t c ou l d ha v e b e en d e vi s e d by t he

D ivi ne M i nd for o th er w i se the p r esent pl anw ou l d not ha v e ,

b eena d op te d B u t i f i t i s the b e st theni t re qu i r e s no fu nda

.
,

m en ta l c h an g e an d n ot e v enan m o d ifi ca ti on
, y s e x c e p t su ch as
,

m a c o m p or t w i th a c o n sta n t en er a l r og r essi on onthe b a s i s

y g p
o f the o r igi n al pl an B u t W hil e all p r og r e ss i on i n ea ch d e
.

a r tm e n s d ep e n en u p on an i n u x o r i n
fl h l i n nc
p t i d t a a t o
( he e

ee bes tow m en by e D ivi n e B ei n g of a dd i ti on

fl t t h ) a l de r ees of
g ,

t ha t D i v i n e Vi talizi n i nfl u en ce h i ch i s sp e cifi ca lly s u i tabl e

g w

t o i ts el f an
,
d w hil e all p r og re ss i oni s i nthi s s ens e p r ov id enti a l ,

G od can not e i th er i n cau si ng a p r og r ess i onal or any othe r

,

ch ang e and w i tho u t d e r angi ng the e sta bli sh ed and h ence bes t
, ,

p o ssibl e o rd er of thi ng s act p r ovi d entially and d i r ectly u p o n

,

an y d e p art m en t of c r e at io n e xc ep t thr ou g h the m ed i u m o

f
k
,

tha t p a r t cu a r i l i nd o
ff or ce or v i ta li ty o
f w hi ch the thi n
g ac ted

u
poni s a su i ta b le r ecep ta cle

Thu s consi d er i ng the u ni v e rs e i ni ts m os t g ener al aspe ct as

,

on e g r an d W hol e G od c annot act d ir ectly u p oni t or m od i fy

, ,

i ts e xi sti ng ac tivi ti e s a n d tend enci es e x c ep t th rou gh the m e ,

d i u m of th ose for c e s an d l a w s O f Exp ansi on C On tra c ti on C i r , ,

c u l a tio n Agg r e gat i on e tc

,
i n the d eg r ee i nw hi ch th ey apply
,
.
,

to the u n i v erse as a w h ol e He can not act dir ectly u p on .

s ol ar s y s te m s a n d w o rl d s e xcep t th r o u gh the m ed i u m O f the

,

sa m e l a w s an d for c e s i n th ei r hi ghe r d egr ees of u n fol d i ng a s

a pplica bl e to s ol ar s y s tem s a n d w orl d s ; God can n ot ac t

d i r ec tly u p o nMi ner af c r ea ti ons e x ce p t throu gh the fo r ces an

'
d
l aw s of chem i ca l afin
,

i ti es He cannot a ct d i rectly u ponVege

tabl e Kin g d om s,e xcep t th rou g h the for ce s and l aw s of v eg eta
ble li fe ; He can n ot act d i r ec tly onthe An im al Ki ngd om or ,
 PROVIDENCE . 2 51

a ny Of i ts form s e x cep t t hrou gh the force s and l a w s of ani m al

, ,

s en sa tio nal , an d s e m i i ntell e ctu al li fe ; He can a c t d i r ec tly on

-

s elfi sh an d si n fu l h u m an n atu r e on ly by tho se i sol ated and

,

di sjoi nted m o tive for c es w hi c h a r e a d ap te d to r each a nd affec t

the d i sj oi nte d m en tal an d m o ral c o ns titu ti on s of s elfi s h a nd
s infu l hu m an b e i n g s ; w hil e G od can act di r ectly and f u lly as
G od , i n all hi s affec tio n al i ntell e c tu al an
,
d m ora l natu r e on
,
ly ,

u p o na p e r fe c tly p u r e an d Sin l e s s i ntellig ence— a b ei ng fi tte d

for the ha r m o n io u s i nfl u x of all the affecti onal i ntell ectu al and
, ,

v ol u ntative p r i ncipl es of the D ivi ne S o u l— a b ei ng h ence , ,

who stand s i nthe p er fe ct i m ag e of God and w ho i np ri ncipl e , , ,

i s one wi th Hi m . H enc e wh en su ch a b e i ng ac ts (and ther e

,

nev er w a s b u t one su ch a b ei ng ) i t m ay b e sa i d that G od ac ts

,

w i th hi m ,
i nhi m and thr ou g h hi m and th at hi s e v e r y a c t i s i n
, ,

the fu ll e s t a n d m o st D ivine s ense a p r ov i dence ,

.

B u t a s the i nfi ni te D ivi ne p er son ,

al and v oli ti onal Intelli
,

g e nce i s abov e all thi ng s and ov e r a ll thi ngs and i s the i nex
, ,

hau st ib le S ou r c e of all s tr eam s of vi tali ty and m otiv e for ce

whi ch flow i nto the v ar i ou s d ep ar tm ents O f Hi s cre ati on i t m ay ,

b e rati onally conc e iv e d th at by w i thhol d i ng hi s i nflow ings

,

i nto the u niv er sa l sy ste m a s a w h ol e he cou l d c a u s e u niv e r

,

s al s tag n a ti ona nd d i ss ol u ti onto e nsu e ; or that by i nc r e asi ng

t hos e i n flow i ngs he c ou l d s ti m u l ate all fir m am e ntal d e v el op
,

m en ts a n d Sol ar and pl ane ta r y m oti ons to u nw on ,

te d a c ti v i ty ;

or tha t by d i m i n i shi ng his i nfl u ence i n one p or ti onof sp ace ,

an d i nc r ea s i ng i t i nan othe r He cou l d c au s e the d i s s olu ti onof

'

s o m e w or l d s an d the ab s orp tio nOf th ei r m ater i al s by o th ers ;

‘

or th at by m o d i fyi n h i s in fl u enc e s u p on the e l ectr i c a e ri al

g , ,

an d su b te r r anean for c es of a p ar ticu l ar pl an e t s u c h as ou r

(
ow n he can ca u s e fl ood s t o d el u g e the ear th or s u b te rr an ean
)
, ,

fi r es to ov erwh el m ci ti es and d estr oy su ch hu m an b ei ng s as

,

m u s t o th er w i se stan d as ob stru c tio n s to tru e p r o gr es s ; or that

2 52 PRO V I DENCE .

i na i il ar
s m
y w a i g h
, t c he
au s e a r a r e fa c tio n of the a tm o
m

sp h er e in on e l oca li ty an d a c ond ensa ti oni nan

,
o th er and thu s ,

c au s e a c u rr en t of w i n d su ffici ently vi ol en t to cl eav e the w a te r s

O f a gu l f an d affor d a d r y p assag e for a p a rt i cu l ar p eop l e
,

thr o u gh w hom he d e si gn ed to a ffe c t g r e a t p u rp os e s .

It w ill d ou b tl ess still b e a rgu ed that su ch occ u rr enc es i f ,

t h ey e v er d o tak e pl ace a r e r e su l ts S i m ply of the for ces a n

,
d
l aw s of natu r e In a qu alifi e d s ens e thi s i s grante d a s w e
.
, ,

ha v e s h ow n b efor e tha t a ll ac ti on w h ether phy s ica l or ,

sp i r i tu al i s a cco r d i n
,
g to s om e l aw s ; b u t w e i nsi st tha t i t i s
a n e x ce e d i n gly su p e r ficia l V i ew of the l aw s of natu r e w hi ch ,

s u ppo s e s t ha t th e y ar e s el f g en er a tiv e an d sel f ac tiv e or th a t

- -

th e y ca n e xi st for a m om e n t as s epara te fr om tha t D ivi n e

V i ta lizi ng and spi r i tu al P r i ncipl e w hi ch i n an ear li er stage ,

of thi s w o r k w e s h ow e d w as n
,
e ces sa r ily s el f e xi st e nt an d -

e te rn al .

B u t i f thi s s el f exi s ten t an -

d all g ener ativ e a n
,
d V i taliz in g,

D ivi ne Pr i nci pl e m ay op erate u pon m u nd ane for ce s and d e

v elo m en s i n the w a j u s t d es c r ib e d h i n s i m il a r
“

p t y e m a
y ,
a ,

w ay ,
con trol m o d i fy an
,
d d i re c t ch e m i cal a n
,
d m iner al or ,

V ege tabl e or ani m al or spi ri tu al for c es and d e v e l op m ents by

, , ,

a v ol u n ta r y g ra d u ati on of th os e i n flu ence s p r oce e d i ng fr om ,

hi m s el f a s a d ap te d to e i the r of th es e d ep ar tm ents O f hi s
,

c r e a ti on And all su ch op erati ons w ou l d b e i nstance s of

.

d i r ect p r ovi d enc e s .

B u t w hil e i t w o u l d b e i m p o s sibl e for G od co nsi s ten tly ,

w i th the fu n dam ental w hi ch w e ha Ve p r e s u m ed to b e the

,

b e s t po s sibl e pl anO f c reati on to ac t di r ec tly u p on any one ,

d ep a r tm ent of b e i n g by for ce s sp eci fi cally ad ap ted only to

,

an g ther (a s for i n ,
s tan ce t o a c t d i r e c tly u po n m i n
,
d by tha t ,

“
D eg re e O f a ttrac tiv e force k no w na s g r avi tati on or to d i ”
,

r e ctl co n tr ol p l an e ts by th e m o tiv e fo r ces Of m or al an d

y
 PROVIDENCE . 2 53

i n l c onvi c tions) i t i s none the l ess co nce ivabl e that each

r at o a ,

d e p a rtm ent O f e xi s te nc e m ay b e i nd i r ectly i nfl u en c e d thr ou gh

the m e d i u m of s om e othe r d e p ar t m en t w hi c h i s m a d e the

,
.

r e c ep tacl e O f d i r ec t i n fl u ence Thu s i t m ay b e c once iv e d a s

.

p oss ibl e for G od by sp eci al and d esi gned a ctionu pona p ar

,

t i cu la r pl a n e t t o chan
,
g e the or bi t of su ch pl ane t and thu s ,

m ed ia tely c han g e the orbi ts of all the pl anets w i th w hi ch i t

m ay b e a ssoc i at e d an ,
d th u s to chan g e th e i r s ea son s an d t h u s
,

th e i r i nh abi tants i f th ey h a ve any and thu s ev ento p ro d u ce

, ,

an e n dl e ss concatena ti on of sp i r i tu a l chan g es ; or that by ,

a c tio nu p ono n e p ar ti cu l ar d ep a r tm en t of the M i n e r al Veget ,

abl e ,
or An i m al Ki ng d om He m i ght ch ang e other d ep art
,

m en ts of the sam e Ki n gd om and thu s i nd efini tely chang e the

,

r el atio n s e xi s ti ng b e tw eenthem all .

S i m il ar r e m ar k s a re e sp ec i ally ap plica bl e to the Di vi ne

gov ernm ent of the Hu m a n w orl d N o tw i th stand ing ev er y .

hu m an b ei ng and the w hol e r ace a s one grand M an w as

, , ,

d e signe d to r e fl ect the i m age of the C r e a tor h u m an natu r e , ,

i n i ts p r ese nt s tate i s u nd eni ably m ore or l ess d ep rav e d

, ,

s elfi sh an
,
d in har m oni ou s and h ence i s not r e c ep tiv e O f the
,

D ivi ne i nfl u ence i n i ts p u r e and h ar m oni ou s state The

, .

D ivi ne s pi ri tu al i nfl u ence d i r ec tly and i m m edi a tely i nfu sed

,

i nto the hu m anw orl d th e r e for e and w i thou t the m ed i u m shi p

, ,

o f a p erfec t h u m an p e rs on ag e t o har m on i ou sly r efl ect tru ly ,

d efin e,
an d c or r e c tly apply i ts p ri n ,
cipl es w ou l d n ece s s a r ily
,

t ak e a for m of m an ife stationm or e or l ess char ac te riz ed by the

i m p erfe cti ons O f d eg enerate hu m ani ty as i ts r ecep ta cle— i nthe
sa m e w ay a s the D ivi n e op e r a t i v e i n fl u ence fl ow i ng i nto ,

an i m al or s till l ow er cr e ati ons tak e s a for m of m ani fe stati on

,

p ec u li ar to those c r eatio ns O n thi s p r i ncipl e and thi s p ri n

.
,

c ip le a lo n e i t i s con
,
c e iv ed w e m ay acco u nt for the i m p er
,

fec ti onof the i m p r essi ons whi ch the D ivin e in sp i r atio ng a v e

22
2 54 P ROVI D ENCE .

to M o ses ,
a i d and the p r op h ets and the i m p erfe cti ons
nd D av , ,

O f the c od e of e thi c s p r i n cipl e s of gov e rn

,
m en t an d p oli cy i n ,

r esp e c t to othe r n a ti on s w hi ch r e w ou t of the s e i m p r e ss i on s

g , ;
for all the se w e r e e vi d ently i m p e rfe c t w hen j u d g e d by a
C hr i s tia n s tand a r d S till by m e ans of s u ch i nflow ings as
.
, ,

t he p sy chi ca l an
- d m e nta l co ns ti tu tio ns O f th e s e m ed i u m s
r en d e r e d p o ss ibl e G od w i thou t i m m e d i a te ly obli te rat ing
, ,

e xi s ti ng e vil s p r e s sed the se e vil s i nto the servi ce of u l ti m ate

,

goo d : a nd by a r r ayi ng one na ti onaga i nst a nother su bj ecti ng ,

s o m e t o u tter e x te r m i n a ti on hu m bli n g oth e rs by l ong d i s

, ,

c ip lin ar c h a sti s e m en ts e tc s o d i r e c te d t he g en r a l cou r s e of

y ,
e .
,

h u m an e v ents as p rovi d e for the i nfl u x of m or e and m ore

lig ht,and for the fi nal com i ng of hi m w ho w a s e m p hatically
“the L i h t of the w or l d ” And now that th at L i ht has
g .
g
co m e a s i m il a r co u rs e of i nd i r e c t D ivi ne p rovi d enc es i s con
,

t in ned w i th r efe r ence to na ti Ons and i nd i v i d u al s e vi d ently ,

wi th the V i e w to the u l ti m ate b r i ngi ng of all u nd er the fu ll

i nfl u ence of i ts li fe givi ng b eam s and to the es ta bli sh m ent
k
-

O f tha t D ivi n e Ki n d om i n t he w or l d w hi c h s ha ll
“ b ea
g r

to p i ec es a n d co ns u m e all other ki ng d om s and s tan d for ,

”
e v er .

B u t i f i nthi s d i sj ointed and d eg ene r ate s ta te of the h u m an

'

fac u l ti es G od ca n d i sch a rge the hi gh e s t fu ncti ons of hi s D i

,

vi ne g ov ernm ent o nly by b r i ngi ng the app r op ri ate for ce s of

on e h u m anfa c u l ty on e p e rs on on
,
e s oc i e ty or on e n a ti on to
, , ,

b ear u p ona noth er i t i s e qu ally tr u e that i nthe p e fect m an

,
r
,

G od r u l e s d i r ectly p er so n a lly an
,
d ab sol u tely a s G od i nall his ,

harm onio u sly co nsoc i ated affe cti onal m o ral and i ntell ec tu al , ,

a ttr ib u tes— i nthe s a m e w a a s he r u l e s a s m e ch an i cal c h e m i

y ,

cal or V eg e ta tiv e F o r c e
,
i n differ en t d e p a rt m en
,
t s of n atu r e

wi tho u t N ay i nsu ch a b eing as the u l ti m ate and harm oniou s

.
, ,

em b odi m en t of a ll the p r i n ci pl es of his L ov e and Wi sd om ,

 PRO V IDENCE . 2 55

G od ab sol u tely dw ells i nhi s i ntegral and p er sona l cap ac i ty as

, ,

i na tem pl e ; a nd the r e for e s u ch a b ei n g i s G o d i nh i s fo ca liz ed

cap aci ty a s a dap te d to a d i rect c onj u ncti on w ith hu m ani ty .

All tha t a u th enti c hi s tory i nform s u s Of the cha ra cte r acti ons , ,

an d te achi n g s of J esu s g oes to j u s ti fy the b eli e f that he w as

s u ch a d ivi n ely hu m anan d hu m anly d ivi ne p e rson ag e .

It sh ou l d b e O b ser v ed th at a p er fe ctly p u r e and S i nl ess i n

,

t elligen ce ; su ch a s i s h er e c on c e iv e d m u s t ,
a s V i ew e d i n a
,

hu m a na sp ect s tand at the v er y ap ex of vi sibl e c reat ion or a t

, ,

t h at p oi n t i n a g ran d se v enfol d c i r cl e O f exi stence a t w hich

-

en di n g s m e r g e i nto b eg i n n i ng s . H e nc e t he D ivi,
n e S o u l ,

fo calizi n g i nall i ts h arm oni ou sly co m b i ne d p r i ncip l es i nsu ch ,

a b ei n g wou l d m ai nta in the sam e r el ati ons to i nfe ri or p hy s i

,

cal con st i tu tion s an ,

d to all ou ter p hy sical su b stan ce s w hich
li e w i thi nhi s sph er e as the D ivi ne B e i ng i nhi s w h ol e i n
,
fini
t u d e su sta i n
,
s t o the phy s ical u n iv erse as a w hol e H ence the .

D ivi ni ty i nthi s foca li z ed c ap a ci ty w ou l d m ai nta i nto w a r d all

, ,

thi n g s W i thin hi s sph er e the r el a ti ons O f a N ew B eg i nni ng

,

Pr i ncip le and i f G od i nhi s i n f i ni tu de a s the B egi n

,
n i ng P r in

c ip le o f the u n iv er s e a s a w hole c ou l d fr om hi s fre e voli ti on

, , ,

m ak e an d u nm a k e l aw s to gov e rnthe p r e s ent sy s tem O f thi ngs ,

then G od in the c on ,
d esc e nd e d form O f hi s p er so nal B e i ng a s
m an i fe sted throu gh a su i tabl e h u m an organi sm at the end of
an Old an ,
d the b e gi nn i ng of a new c r e ati on m ay i n e qu al , ,

c on si s ten cy w i th the ru l e s of D i v i ne ord er es tabli sh new l a w s , ,

or rath er en ac t i m m e n s e ly hi g her deg r ees O f old o n es as ,

r e l ati n g to su ch e xi stence s w i thi n his spher e a s ne ed su ch i n

t e r fer e n ce Th e r e i s nothi ng i rrati onal i n the su ppo si tion
.
,

the r efor e th a t the D ivi n

,
ely hu m an or h u m an ,
ly D iv i ne Pr in '

c i p le ( w hich a r e on e an d the sam e ) co u l d by v oli ti onth r o u gh

, ,

the ou te r o rg a n i sm whi ch s er v ed as i ts m ed i u m concentrate ,

~

i ts vi ta l en ergi e s u p o n the d i s ea s e d bo d i e s Of m an an d ev en ,
2 56 P R O VIDE N C E .

the i no rganic el em ents of the ou ter worl d and p r o du ce su ch ,

”
effe c ts a s a r e co m m o n ly d e si gnate d by the w or d m i ra cu l ou s
'

an d that t oo s i m ply a cc or d i ng to that hig her d eg r ee of l aw s

, ,

s p e cific ally a d ap ted t o su ch O p e r at i on s an d un fol d e d for su ch

,

s p e cifi c p u r p oses S u ch w o u l d b e i nstance s of the high est

.

m an i fes ta ti ons of i ndi r ect p r ovi d ences .

B u t i f G od d w ell s and r u l e s w i th a p erfec t and har m on

,
io u s
d i spl ay of all the p r i nci p l es of hi s natu re as G od i na b e i n g ,

s u ch as w e ha v e su pp os ed th eni t follow s t ha t the m o re an

k
, y
m ani s li e su ch a b ei n g the m or e fu lly G od w or k s wi thin
,

”
hi m to will an d to d o acco r d ing to hi s ow npl easu r e the m or e ,

he i s u n d er the di r ect Opera ti onO f the high est o r d er of D ivi n e

P r ovi d ence s the m o r e he i s r ai s ed as i t w er e ab ov e the

, , ,

s p h e r e of m er e m a te ri al thi n gs and th e i r l aw s and the m o r e ,

he b ecom es a m ed i u m thr ou gh w hi ch the D ivi ne B e i ng i nhi s ,

afl ec ti on al i n te ll ec tu al an d v oli tio n al n a tu r e as su ch ac ts u po n
‘

, , ,

b e i ng s and cond i tions below hi m to b r i ng th em u p to the tr u e

,

s ta n dar d of h ea l thfu l n e ss harm ony a nd p e rfection And

, ,

n u m n
wh e all h a b i g hall b e fu llye n s s u n i te d to od shall
G —
“
fu lly d w ell inhi m an d he i nth em
”
th enall h u m anb ei n gs
, , ,

w i th th e i r o u te r co n d i ti on s an d e v enthe w hol e p hy si ca l w orl d

, ,

d i v i nely ac te d u p onth r o u gh th ei r m ed i a ti on w ill u nd ou b tedl y ,

b e spi r i tu aliz ed an ,
d e l e v ate d one D i scr eet D egr ee and p eace ,

an d pl en ty an
,
d th a t u n ive r sa l h arm ony and l ove w hi ch m ay ,

b e co n si d er e d as u n contam i nated and u np erv erted ou tflow i ngs

fr om the D ivi ne F o u ntai n of I n fini te H ar m ony and Lov e ,

will tak e the pl a ce Of the co rrod ing selfi sh ness the d i stracti ng ,

an i m o si ti es and the p hy s ical as w ell as m o ral d i s eas es and

, , ,

s u ffer i n gs w hich now r oll their d esol ati ng w av es ov er the

eart h .

L et i t b e d i sti n ctl u n d er stood tha t the fo r egoi n g th e or y Of

.
y
D i vi ne P r ovi dences is p resented si m ply as a rational d ed u c
 PROVIDENCE . 2 57

t i on Of p hi losop hy, as ide fr om c i ng s Of S cr ip tu r e

the te a h .

The fe w s c rip tu ra l phr ases w e h av e e m ploy e d i n thi s di s

q u i s i ti on h a v e b e ene m pl oy e d i n
,
ci d en ta l y sol ely i nc on
l si d e r
,

a ti onof the i r a pp osi te n e s s a s e xp r e ss i n

,
g c e r tairi i d eas w hi ch
ha v e l ainw i thi n the co u r se O f ou r r easoni ngs B e i ng a ctu .

a te d by the s ol e d e s i r e of d e v el opi n g the te achi ng s of p hi l ,

osop hy w i th re fe r en
,
ce to th e s e qu e s ti on s O f th e ol ogy i t i s n ot ,

p r e tend e d that w e ha ve a tta ined to a f u ll u nfold ing of tr u th l

u p onthe s u bj e c t d i s c u s s e d or e v e n t o s o cl ear a p r ese n

,
ta ti on

of that m easu r e of tr u t h w hi ch ha s b eenfou n d as m ight ha v e ,

b e enatta i ne d i f w e had fr e ely a vail e d ou rs elv e s of scr ip tu ral

aid s . B u t w hil e by the cou r se w e h av e p u r s u ed ou r c on
, ,

clu si on s ha v e b e e n l e ft u n p rej u d i ce d i n the V i e w of su c h of

ou r r e a d e r s a s m a y b e d i s i n cli ne d t o a d m i t the au th or i ty of

the Bibl e w e b eg s u ch r e a d e r s i n can

,
d or to O b ser v e tha t s o
, , ,

fa r a s the t e achi n g s of n a tu fe a n d p h il os ophy ha v e i nt h e s e ,

p ag e b eenb r ou ght i nto Vl e W the re i s not that h os tili ty b e

s
, ,

t w e enthe m an d the t eac hi ngs of the Bibl e w hi c h u n b eli e v er s

,

in the l a tter hav e generally su pp osed to e xi s t The O bj e c t .

of all i n v estigati ons shou l d b e not to e s tabli s h the e u ,

thor i ty O f a B o ok or Of a p hil os o p hi ca l c r e e d b u t to d i s
, ,

c ov er Tr u th ; and i f som e of the m o st vi tally i m p or tant of

.

all tru ths a r e r e c or d e d i n the B i b le i t m u st b e a c k n ,

»
ow
l ed ged e v en by all ca ndi d i n
,
fid els t ha t w hil e th es e a r e no
,

m or e the y a r e n o less s ac r e d an d w hil e th e y sh ou l d b e

,
,

r e ce iv e d w i th n o m or e they shou l d b e r e c e iv e d w i th no
,

less a vi d i ty th ani f the sa m e tr u th s w er e fou nd an

, y w h e re

e l se .

What has b eens ai d r esp ecti ng P rovi d enc es w ill s er ve to ,

giv e a g ener al i d ea O f a su bj ec t w hi ch i s far from b ei ng

e xh au sted i n thi s d i s cu ss io n Instances Of a pp arently still
.

m or e sp e ci a l p r ovi d ences as affec ting the sp eci fi c con

,
25 8 CONCLUSION .

d i ti ons i nd ivi d u al s can b e i ntelligibly i ll u strate d o nly

of ,

i n V i e w of ce r ta i n p sy chol ogi ca l a n d s pi r i tu al l aw s w hi ch ,

will for m the them es O f app r op r i ate r e m ar k w hen w e p r o *

oec d t o the co n s i d er a ti on O f the M i c r oc osm or the u niv e rse ,

w i thi n .

C ON C U I ON O
L S F TH E VOLUM E .

W e h av e th u s end ea v or e d to e xhibi t a genera l V i ew O f the

v a r i ou s S e ri e s and D eg ree s of sy s te m a ti c c re ati onw hi ch com »

p ose the aggre gate of the ou ter r eal m O f b ei ng— b oth i nth ei r
s e p ar a te a n d u ni te d cap ac i t i e s toge the r w i th the i r r e l a ti ons to
,

ea ch o the r a n d to th e i r c om m onD i v i ne C au s e and G ov e r nor .

W e c l ose thi s fi rs t p a r t of ou r tre ati se w i th the foll ow i ng r e

m ar ks
1 . If ou r Phil osop hy , as i sti nctiv e fea tu r es co ntai ns
to i ts d ,

no t ru th i t ca na t l ea st d o no e sse nti al e vil as i t m u s t b e t hat

, ,

a s y s te m o f u n m i tig a ted e rr or of s o b ol d a n
,
d c onspi c u ou s a
k i nd a nd p u t for th i n t hi s u ngu a rd ed m anner w ou l d e xhibi t
, ,

so m a n y v u l ne r abl e p oi nts a s to m e e t w i th i ts d ea th w ou nd
t he i n s ta nt i t i s e xp os e d to the s ha fts of c r i ti c i s m If i t shou l d.

b e e nti r e ly ov e r thr ow n how e v e r the re w o u l d s till ne c e ssa r ily

, ,

re m a i nsom e po ss ibl e m od e O f s y ste m a tiz ing and ha r m onizi ng

N a tu re and Tru th i none gene r al p hil osop hi c V i ew i f i t s o b e ,

t ha t N a tu r e an d T ru th a r e i ntri nsi ca lly sy s tem a ti c and ha r

m on i o u s ; a nd the d i sc ov e r y of thi s m od e i s w or thy O f the
hi ghe s t effor ts O f phil osop hi c m i nd s I w ou l d r e sp e c tfu lly su b
.

m it ,
ho w e v e r tha t p rom i s e of a d i sc ov e r y of thi s ki nd can
, ,

on ly b e gi v enby som e su c h p r oce s s Of s eri al g ada ti onal and ,

r
,

c or r e sp on d e nti al reasoni ng fr om i nte r i ors to e x te r i o s a s ha s r

,

b een p u r su e d i n the for egoi ng p age s ; and that so l ong as

m e nconi n h em s e lv es to the o r d i n a r y p r oce ss e s O f r eason
f e t

in m er ely fr o m effe c ts t o cau se s so lo n g t h e i r co n cl u sio n

g ,
s
 CONCLUSION . 2 59

w ill ,
of ne cess i ty , b e m or e orl e s s d i v e rgent and so l ong the y
,

w ill ,
a t m os t, be a bl e t o a tta i non ly the body of tru th w i thou t ,

i ts sou l
.
0

2 . If ou r c ontai ns s om e t ru th and s om e e rr or
Phil osophy ,

theni ts t ru ths h e ar i n a s t he y d o u p on s u bj e cts of the m o s t

g ,

s tr iki n g and i m p or tant char acte r m ay by e x ci ti ng m i nd s , ,

c ap abl e of el ab or a ti n g and e x tend i ng them y e t for m the nu ,

Cle u s of a g r an d sy stem of tr u e thou ght w hi ch m ay b e p r o ,

r e s s i v el b r ou ht to a s ta t e a s n e a r p e r fe c t a s m a y com p or t
g y g
w i th the fi n i tene ss O f the hu m anm i nd
3 If i t c ontai ns a l a rg e p r ep ond e r ance of t r u th and b u t
.
,

li ttl e e ss enti al e rr or then cons i d e rabl e p r og r ess has al rea d y

,

b ee nm ad e i nd e v el opi ng the m eans Of r econcili ng t he j argon

of c o n fli c ti ng th ou ght u p onall s u bj e cts na tu ral and spi r i t u al ,

an d i n d em oli shi ng the p a r ti ti onw all s b e tw e en the J ew of .

Theol ogy onthe one hand and the G e ntil e of Phil osophy on ,

the other an d m a ki ng O f the tw a i none ne w m an thu s m aki ng

, ,

p e ac e .

W e a r e ne x t th er e for e i n the li ght of fa c ts tru ths p r i nci

, , , ,

p l es l aws c orr e sp ond ence s etc d e v el op ed i n the p r e ce di ng

, , ,
.
,

p age s to p r oce ed to consi d er a general them e of p er hap s s till

,
‘

m or e i n te re st v i z qthe M I C R O C O S M o r c or r e sp on
y
d i ng u niv e r se
,

w i thi n Inthe c ou r s e O f ou r i nv e s ti gati ons u p onthi s su bj e ct

.
,

w e shall p r ob ably sp e a k Of m an p hy s i cally p sy chol ogi cally , ,

i nd ivi d u ally and so ci ally w i th a V i e w of e xhibi ti ng hi s r el a

, ,

t io n s to all o the r thi n s hi s s u s c e p tibili ty t o th ei r in fl u en c e

g , ,

an d the c on d i ti ons of hi s t ru e p r og r e s s an d h appi ne s s .

S hou l d not u nfor eseeni nfl u ence s p r ev ent thi s s e cond Tr e a ,

t i s e or r ath er s ec o n d p ar t of the p r es ent on e w ill b e r e ad y for

’

, ,

p u blicationi nthe c o u r se of a few m onths .

EN D OF THE MAC RO C OSM .

 PU B L IS HE D BY

F OW L ER S AN D W EL L S ,
N 0 . 1 3 1 N AS S A U S TRE ET , N EW YORK .

Am er i c a Phr e o ogi c a n ou r a a d nl
is es l l J nl n M
l y D
an e v ote d t o
. y P
hr e no og , h s i o og , and S e f m p r ov e m ent A e ar , l yP y l y l I -
.

Am a ti v e ness or , Ev i ls a nd Re m e di es of Ex
i nd P
cess v e a t d S l ty W i th Ad i t th M i d nd S ingl
er v e r e ex u a i , v ce o e ar r e a e,

A c ci d ents a nd Em er g enci es By Alfr e d .

S Ill t t d E y f ily h ld h i t
m ee . u s ra e . v er am S ou av e ,

B ot a ny forntaini ng a Fl or al
all C l asses ; co
D i n y i th n
ict o arIll t ti n By J hnB N
,
w nMD u m er ou s u s ra o s. o . ew m a , . .

B u l w er and For b es onth e W at er Tr eatm e nt .

Ed t d i th Ad d ti n l M tt
i e w by R S H gh t n M D i o a a er , ou o

C onstit u ti on of M an, consi d er e d i n Rela tIOIi

. .
, , .
,

to Ex te r na l Obj e c ts . A ne w , r ev i se d , e nl ar ge d , a nd i ll u s tr a te d e d i ti o n ,

C om b e s L
’
nPhr enol og y By G eor ge
e c tu r e s o .

C b A pl t
om e . d l c om d nth Uni t d S t t
e e c ou r s e a s e i v er e i e e a e s,

o m b e on In fanc y or , th e Phy si ol ogi c a l a nd

M l M n g nt f Ch ld n Ill t t d An p t nt k
or a a a em e o i re . u s ra e . im or a w or ,

C hem i str y, Ap p li ed t o Physi ol ogy A r i cu l

t nd C
u re , a By P f Li bi g W th d di ti n by D g din
om m e r c e . ro e . i a o s r. er ,

C u r i osi ti es O f C om m onW at er W i t h Ad d i .

ti n by J
o s l S h M D F th fi f h L nd n di ti n f 1 723
oe ew , . . r om e t o o e o o ,

C h ol e r a Its C au ses, Pr ev enti on a nd C u r e

and ll th B
a l C
o p l i nt t
er t d by W t
ow e om a s, r ea e a er ,

C om b e s P hysi ol og y , Ap p li e d t o th e Im p r ov e
’

m ent f M nt l nd Ph y i l Ed
O e ti n N
a a di ti n i th N t s ca u ca o . ew e o , w o e s,

h ar t for Re c or d ing v ar i ou s D e v el op m ents .

D i gn d f Ph n l gi t W th n
es e or re ng o o i ng s s. i u m er ou s e r av s,

C onsti t u ti on of M an S ch ool E d i ti on By . .

G eor
g C b
e A nom
g d W th Q e ti
. n f Cl B k
rra e i u es o s, or a as s oo ,

C onsu m p ti on, i t s Pr e v ent i on a nd C u r e , b y

th W t
e T t
a er nt W th di ti n
r ea m e Ill t t d i rec o s u s ra e

C hr oni c D i seas es, Esp e ci all y the N er v ou s

,
.
,

D f W
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D efence of Phr enolo y B y D r And r e w .

B d n Ag d k f k p
o ar m a .
nd nh l
oo w or or s e cs a u c iev er s ,
Ed u nC om p l et e
c ati o . Em b r a c ing Physi ol ogy ,
Ani l nd M nt l S lf C lt
m a a M y in n l g l
e a , e u u re a nd e m or , o e ar e v o u m e,

Ed u c ati on, Fou nd e d on th e N a t u r e of M an .

By D sp h i A i n fi
r . u rzk W th i ll t ti n
e m . sc e ti c w or , i u s ra o s,

El e m ents of Ani m al Magneti sm ; or , Pr oc ess

nd P ti l Ap p l i ti nf
a r ac li i n
ca g h n ff i ng ca o or r e ev u m a su er ,

Er r ors of Phy si ci ans a nd O th ers , i nth e Ap ~

p li ti n f th W
ca o C By J H R
o e a te r u re . . . a u sse ,

Ex p e r i enc e i n W a t e r C u r e, i n A cu t e and -

oth D er i h d ti n t p ti n
i s e ase s , w t i
r ec o s o a e ts ,

Fam ili ar L essons on Phr enol ogy and Physi

o ogl y . Mu s l i n in n l
, B t f lly ill t t d
o e v o u m e. e au i u u s ra e ,

Fam ili ar L essons on Phr enol ogy . D esigne d

for th e u se o f C hil d n nd Y th ll t t d re a ou , i u s ra e ,
.

F a m i l i ar n Physi ol og y D esi gne d

L esso s n o .

f or th f C h il d n n
e u se o d Y h i th ng i ng re a ou t , w e r av s,

Fas cinati on; or , th e Phi l osop hy O f Char m i ng .

( M gn t
a ) Ill t ti ng th P in i p l
e i sm . f Li f Ill t t d
u s ra e r c es o e. u s ra e ,

Food and D i et : C ont ai ni ng an Anal ysis of

ever y k nd f F d nd D i nk By P f
i o oo P i a r r o e s so r e r e r a, 50

Fa m i li ar L essons on Astr onom y D esigne d

.

f or Ch il d n nd Y th i nS h l nd F i li B ti f lly Ill t d
re a ou c oo s a am e s. e au u u s tr a e , 40

H e r e d it ar y D esce nt Its L a w s and Fa cts ap .

~

pl d t H
ie nI p
o nt N
u m a di t n i ll
m t t dr ov e m e ew e io u s ra e o

H u m an Ri gh ts a nd t h eir P oli ti cal Gu ar

.
, ,

an
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ti F nd d n h M l nd Int ll t l L
es : ou e o t f e B i ng or a a e ec u a aw s o ou r e ,

H om e for All ; or a N ew C h ea p , C onv en i ent , , ,

a nd S p i M du f B l d i ng
e r or i th p p p i t Di g
o e o ui w a ro r a e a r am s,

H y d r op athi c Ency c l op e d i a A Pr a cti c al S

,

s
y .

te m f Hy d p th y nd Hy gi n
o ro Ill t t d By R T T i l M D
a a e e. u s ra e . . . ra , . .

H y d r op ath y for th e Pe o lef An ex c ell ent

’ ’

w or k nh l h W th N t b y D T p
o ea t 1
. i o es r. ra

Int r od u cti on to th e W a t er C u r e W i th a n -
.

x
E p os i ti onof th e H u m a n C o nsti tu ti on . By T L . N i ch o ls, MD ,

L ov e a nd P a r en t ag e : ap p li e d to th e Im p r ov e
m ent f O f p ing i n l di ng i p t nt D i
o s rti n t th M id
,
c u m or a rec o s o e ar r e ,

L e c tu r es on th e Phi l osop h y of M e sm er i sm
and Cl i y n W th nt t n n t p
a rv o a ce nd p t
. l p p l i ti n i i s ru c i o i i s r oc es s a r ac i c a a ca o ,
25

L ab or : Its Histor y and Pr osp ec ts Inc l u di n g .

th U e nd Abse a fW lth By R b t D l O n u se o ea . o er a e w e ,

L ec tu r es onHygi ene a nd H y d r op athy By .

R S H gh t n M D
. ou o , ,
Mat er ni t y ; ng a nd N u r si ng of
or , t h e ea r i B
C hil d n i n l F l re ,
W th p p p i t Eng i ng
c u d ing e m a e Ed u c ati on . i a ro r a e r av s,

Mar r i ag e Its Hi st or y a nd Phi l osop h y, w i th

.

Ph n l gi l Exp i ti n f th F n ti n f H p p y M i g
a re o o ca os o o e u c o s or a ar r a e s,

M em or y and Int ell e c tu al Im p r ov em ent Ap .

k
p li d t S l f Ed
e ti n nd J
o nil Int ti n T
e nt th d ti n
u ca o a u ve e s ru c o . w e ie e i o ,

M esm er i sm i n Ind i a A su p er i or w or , b y .

th e ce e lb r a te d D r . Es d ai l e. H ghly
i r e c om m e nd e d by p r ofe ss i o na l m e n,

M at r i m o ny or , P hr e o o
g a d nl y n Ph ysi ol ogy
ap p li ed to lC Li f l
th e S e e c ti ono f c ongeni a om p a ni ons for e,

M or al and Int ell ec tu al S ci enc e By C om b e, .

S t tt n C ra G g y nd th
o ,
Ill t t d i th P t i t
ox , re or , a o e r s. u s ra e w or r a s,

N atu r al L aw s of M an, p hy si ol ogi c ally c on

d
ai d By D S p h i A k f g t
ere . t r . u rz e m . w or o re a m e ri ,

Psy ch ol ogy, or th e S ci enc e of th e Sou l W i th .

Eng ing i th N
r av Sy t By J p h H d d k M D
s o e e rv ou s s em . os e a oc , .
,

Physi ol ogy of D ig esti on Th e Pr i nci p l es of .

Di t t Ill t t d
e e i cs i th Eng ing
. By And C b M D
u s ra e w r av s . re w om e, .
,

Phr enol og y Pr ov e d , Ill u str at e d , a nd Ap p li e d . A

Em b r ac i ng a co nc i s e El e m e nta r y Vi ew of Ph re nol ogy , w i th a Ch art

Phr enol ogi c al Gu i d e . D esi gne d for th e Use

of S tu d e nts W th n Eng of g the i r ow n C h a r ac te r s . i u m e r ou s r av m s,

Ph r enol ogi c al Al m anac : Illu str at e d w i th nu

m e r ou s Engr a v i ngH o nta i ni ng i llu str ate d d e s c ri p tio ns of c h ar a c te r ,

P op u l ar Phr enol ogy, ng th e Phr eno e x hi b i ti

l gi l D l p nt f
o ca fiy
ev e o P ng m e s o m or e th an ft d i fie r e nt
'

e rs o a e s,

P ow er of Ki n d ness ; Inc u l c a ti ng th e C hr i sti an

P i n i p l f L nd B n l n An ll nt k
r c es o ov e a e ev o e ce. e x ce e w or

Physi ol og y , Ani m al and Ment a l Ap p li e d t o

,

th P e n nd R t ti n f H l th f B d y n
r e se r v a ti o d M nd a e s or a o o ea o o a i ,

Phr enol og y a nd th e S cr i p t u r e , sh o w i n t h ei r
H ny By R
ar m o J hnP p nt .
s g
ev . o i er o ,

Pr i nci p l es of th e H u m anMi nd Bi ology : i n .

l
c u d i ng th e V lt o ai c M ec h ani s m of Man,

Phi l osop h y of Ele ctr i c al Psy ch ol og y . By

J oh nB ov e e D od s ,

Phi l osop h y Sp i r i t u al Int er c ou rs e : a n EX

of
p l n ti n f M d nM y t i
a a o By And J k nD i
o o er s er es . re w ac so av s,

Reli gi on, N at u r al a nd Rev e a l e d ; or , th e

l
N at u l y n M l B n Ph n l y
ra Theo og a d or a e a ri gs of re o og ,

Se lf C u lt u r e
-
nd P er fe cti on of C har a ct er
a ;
inc l u d ing th e M nga nt f Y th I p
a em ed t ty p d d iti n o iu . m r ov e s er e o e e o ,
S ob er a nd T em p er at e L ife W i th N ot es
Ill t u s r a ti o n by G s h l d 1 54 y o m ar o, w o ive e ar s Re a d this B k oo
,

no sis
y p o f Phr enol ogy
nd Physi ol ogy : Il a
l t ng th T p
u s r a ti nt D gn d f Ph n l gi t nd th
e em e r am e s . e8 1 e or re o o s s a o er s

Te m p er anc e a nd Tigh t L a cing Fou nd e d -

th L ef Li f d l p d b y Ph n l gy nd Phy i l gy
aw s o e as ev e o e re o o a s o o ,

T ob ac c o : It s Effe c t on th e B od y a nd Mi nd .

Th b t ek nth bj t E y b d y h ld d i t
es w or o e su ec . v er o s ou rea ,

Th e U se of T ob a c co ; Its Physi c al , Int elle ct

l nd M
u a ,l Eff t nth H nS y t
a or a ec s o e um a s em ,

T eet h ; Th eir Str u c t u r e , D i sease , a nd M an

nt i th th C
ag e m e f E ly D
, w y F ll f E ig i nge a u se s o ar ec a . u o r ra v s,

Th ou ghts on D om esti c L ife Its C onc or d .

and D d i th S gg ti n t b th S x
i sc or By N l nS i
, w u es o s o o e es . e so z er ,

Te a a nd C offe e ; Th ei r Physi c al, Int e ll e ctu al,

a nd M or al Eff e c ts onth e H u m a nS y s te m ,

Th e P ar ent s Gu i d e, and C hil d b i r th m a d e

’

E y W th Ad i
as t M th By M P nd l t n
i v ce o o er s . r s. e e o ,

Th e Illu str at e d S elf Inst r u ctor InPhr enol ogy

a nd Phy s m lo gy w i th O ne H u nd r e d Engr av i ngs and 8
. Ch ar t,

Veg et ab l e D i et ,
S a nc t i o ne d b y M e di c a l as
M n nd Ex p i n i n ll g
e , a l S y t f V g t bl C k y
er e ce a a es , a so a s em o e e a e oo er ,

W at er C u r e L i b r ar y ; E m b r a ci ng all of Im
-

p t n nth S bj t In
or a n l g 12
ce o l e u ec . se v e ar e m o v o u m e s,

W a t er a nd Veg et ab l e D i et i nS 0 1 ofu la , C an
ny h D i

k
A h
c e r, nd st By D L b
m a, a m a ot er se a se s . r. am ,

W at er C u r e Manu al ; A P op u lar W or on
-

Hy d r o p ath y W th f
. i am i li Dar i r ec ti o ns . Ev e r yf am ly
i s h ou ld h a v e i t,

W a t er -
na c , C ont ai ni ng m u ch i m
C u r e Al m a
p t nt
or a tt f ll l P bl h d y ly
m a er or a c as se s u is e e ar ,

W o m an: Her Ed u c at ionand Influ enc e W i th .

aG n l Int d e ti n by M
era Ki kl nd W i th th t nP t it
ro uc o ,
rs . r a . i r ee or r a s,

W a ter C u r e Jou r nal and H er al d of Refor m s

-
.

D t d t Hy d p h y nd M d l R f
ev o e o C l ti n25 000 A y
ro at a e ic a e or m . i rcu a o , . e ar,

W a t er C u r e for W om en i n Pr egnanc y a nd
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C h ld bi th Ill t t d i th n
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W at er C u r e i n Ev er y Know n D is e ase By
-
.

J HR . T nl t d by C H M k
. au ss e . f th G n ra s a e . . ee er , r om e e rm a ,
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