SALT ANALYSIS – GENERAL PROCEDURE:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TESTS:
Note the colour of the White in colour. Absence of copper,
salt. nickel, ferrous,
ferric, cobalt.

Blue in colour.
Presence of
Copper.
Bluish green in
colour. Presence of Nickel.

Pink in colour
Presence of Cobalt.
Added distilled water The salt was soluble. Absence of heavy
to the salt taken in a metal carbonates.
clean dry test tube. The salt was May be presence of
insoluble. ammonium,
carbonate and
nitrate.
Added one drop of No characteristic Absence of
dil.cobalt nitrate to the ash. aluminium, zinc.
salt solution. Dipped a
filter paper and Presence of zinc
burned it. Green coloured ash indicated.

Pink coloured ash Presence of

magnesium
indicated
Made a paste of the No characteristic Presence of zinc,
salt with conc.HCl in a flame. magnesium, lead,
watch glass. nickel and
Introduced a little of ammonium.
the paste into the blue A Bluish green flame
part of the flame. was obtained. Presence of copper
indicated.
An apple green flame
colour was obtained. Presence of barium
indicated.
A crimson flame was
obtained. Presence of
strontium
indicated.
A brick red flame
colour was obtained. Presence of
calcium indicated.
INDICATORY TEST:
Added dil.H2SO4 to the No characteristic Absence of
salt taken in a test change. sulphate, sulphide
tube. and nitrite.

A colourless gas Presence of

evolved with brisk carbonate
effervescence. indicated
Added conc.H2SO4 to No characteristic Absence of
the salt taken in a test change. bromide, iodide,
tube. sulphate and
acetate.
A colorless gas with a
pungent smell Presence of
evolved. chloride is
indicated.
Added Copper Reddish brown Presence of nitrate
turnings (Cu) and fumes evolved. indicated.
conc.H2SO4 to the salt
taken in a test tube. No reddish brown Absence of nitrate
fumes
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE (Na2CO3) EXTRACT:
 One portion of the given salt, two portion of Na 2CO3 and 20 ml of
distilled water were taken in a boiling test tube and boiled the
contents for 03 minutes. Cooled and filtered the solution to obtain
the clear extract. Performed the confirmatory tests for anion using
the above extract.
TESTS FOR ANIONS:
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR NITRATE:
BROWN RING TEST:
Acidified the extract A brown ring was Presence of nitrate
with dil.H2SO4 and formed at the confirmed.
added freshly prepared junction of the two
ferrous sulphate layers.
solution and then
conc.H2SO4 along the
sides of the test tube.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR SULPHATE:
Acidified the extract A white precipitate Presence of
with dil.HCl and was obtained. sulphate confirmed
added BaCl2 solution.
Acidified the extract A white precipitate Presence of
with dilute acetic acid was obtained. sulphate
and added lead confirmed.
acetate solution.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CHLORIDE:
Added MnO2 and A greenish yellow gas Presence of
conc.H2SO4 to the salt was obtained. chloride confirmed.
and heated.
Acidified the extract A curdy white Presence of
with dil.HNO3 acid and precipitate was chloride confirmed.
added AgNO3 solution. formed.
CHROMYL
CHLORIDE TEST: Red oily vapours Presence of
Added a pinch of evolved and yellow chloride confirmed.
K2Cr2O7 and conc.
H2SO4 to the salt and precipitate was
heated obtained with lead
acetate solution.

GROUP ANALYSIS: TEST FOR CATIONS (BASIC RADICAL)

TEST FOR GROUP 0 - AMMONIUM
The salt solution was Reddish- brown Ammonium is
added to a few drops precipitate was confirmed
of Nessler’s reagent obtained.
INTER GROUP SEPARATION:
To the original salt A white precipitate Presence of group I
solution (OSS) added was obtained. (lead).
dil.HCl solution.
To OSS added dil. HCl A black precipitate Presence of Group
and and passed H2S was obtained II radicals (Copper)
To OSS added dil.HCl, A gelatinous white Presence of Group
NH4Cl, NH4OH and precipitate was III radicals
passed H2S obtained (Aluminium, Iron)
To OSS added dil.HCl, A dirty white Presence of Group
NH4Cl, NH4OH and precipitate was IV radicals (Zinc)
passed H2S obtained
To OSS added dil.HCl, A white precipitate Presence of Group
NH4Cl, NH4OH and was obtained V radicals
ammonium carbonate. (Barium,Strontium,
Calcium)
To OSS added dil.HCl, A white precipitate Presence of Group
NH4Cl, NH4OH and was obtained VI radicals
ammonium carbonate (Magnesium)
and disodium
hydrogen phosphate
(Na2HPO4)

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR GROUP I - LEAD

POTASSIUM IODIDE
A yellow precipitate Presence of Lead
TEST: To the original was obtained. confirmed.
salt solution (OSS)
added potassium
iodide (KI) solution.
To the above Golden yellow Presence of Lead
precipitate was spangles were confirmed.
dissolved in hot water obtained.
and then cooled under
tap water.
POTASSIUM
CHROMATE TEST: To A yellow precipitate Presence of Lead
the original salt was obtained. confirmed.
solution (OSS) added
K2CrO4 solution.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR GROUP II - COPPER
To the original salt A chocolate brown Presence of copper
solution (OSS) added precipitate was confirmed.
potassium Ferro obtained.
cyanide solution.
To the original salt A light blue Presence of copper
solution (OSS) added precipitate was confirmed
Ammonium hydroxide obtained.
(NH4OH) solution in
drops and then in
excess.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR GROUP IV - ZINC
To the original salt A white precipitate Presence of Zinc
solution (OSS) added was obtained. confirmed.
Sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) in drops and
then in excess.
To the original salt A blue precipitate Presence of Zinc
solution (OSS) added was obtained. confirmed.
potassium Ferro
cyanide solution.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR GROUP IV - NICKEL
To the original salt A bright rosy red Presence of Nickel
solution (OSS) added precipitate was confirmed.
NH4OH and a few obtained.
drops of dimethyl
glyoxime.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR GROUP V - BARIUM
To the original salt A yellow precipitate Presence of Barium
solution (OSS) added was obtained. confirmed.
potassium chromate
solution.
To the original salt A white precipitate Presence of Barium
solution (OSS) added was obtained. confirmed.
Ammonium sulphate
(NH4)2SO4 solution.
To the original salt A white precipitate Presence of Barium
solution (OSS) added was obtained. confirmed.
ammonium oxalate
solution.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR GROUP V - STRONTIUM
To the original salt A white precipitate Presence of
solution (OSS) added was obtained. strontium
Ammonium sulphate confirmed.
(NH4)2SO4 solution.
To the original salt A white precipitate Presence of
solution (OSS) added was obtained. strontium
ammonium oxalate confirmed.
solution.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR GROUP V - CALCIUM
To the original salt A white precipitate Presence of
solution (OSS) added was obtained. Calcium confirmed.
ammonium oxalate
solution.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR GROUP VI - MAGNESIUM
To the original salt A white precipitate Presence of
solution (OSS) added was obtained. Magnesium
Sodium carbonate confirmed.
solution.

RESULT:
Hence the given salt contains
Acid radical:
Basic Radical: