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Lathe Machine
Lathe Machine
Presented by-
Monjur Mourshed
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
RUET, Bangladesh
Lathe Machine
Lathe is a power driven machine tool used to cut and removes the metal
from a piece of work to the required shape and size. A lathe can perform
many operations.
In lathe machine the work is hold between the centers and rotated while
the feed is given manually through the cutting tool.
1) Engine lathe
2) Turret lathe
3) Capstan lathe
4) Tracer/copy lathe
5) Tool room lathe
6) CNC Lathe
(A) Swing over the bed: this specifies the maximum diameter of the job that can be turned in the
lathe machine, generally restricted to small length jobs
(B) Distance between centres: this would be specifying the maximum length of the job that can
be turned in the lathe.
(C) Length of the bed: this specifies the movement of the carriage lengthwise as well as the
length of the lathe
(D) Swing over the cross slide: this specifies the maximum diameter of the job that can be
machined by the lathe machine with the job across the cross slide, which is generally the case
There are also some other factors that should also be specified to fully describe the lathe machine.
They are-
(a) horse power of the motor
(b) cutting speed range
(c) feed range
(d) screw cutting capacity
(e) accuracy achievable
(f) spindle nose diameter
Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUET
Size of a Lathe Machine…
Depth of cut is the distance from the bottom of the cut to the uncut surface of the
work piece measured at right angles to the machined surface (unit- t=(D-d)/2 mm)
Cutting speed is defined as the distance the work piece rotates and past the cutting
point in one minute as measured on the circumference (unit- unit rev./min)
In other words the length of the chip measured in feet that will be removed per
minute
It depends on the type of tool and work piece material, size of the work piece and
desired accuracy, use of cutting fluid
Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUET
Lathe Operations
Lathe Machine Operations.mp4 Lathe Machine Operations_1.mp4
Turning: produce straight, conical, curved, or grooved work pieces
Facing: to produce a flat surface at the end of the part or for making
face grooves.
Eccentric Turning
Taper Turning
Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUET
Lathe Operations…Facing
Knurling
Parting
Chamfering
The split nut used only during thread cutting when the feed change lever
on the apron is placed in the central or neutral position. This is a nut,
split lengthwise that closes over the ACME thread of the lead screw
when the half nut lever on the apron is moved up. Closing the half nut
causes the carriage to move a fixed distance for each revolution of the
spindle
A center which fits into the headstock The center which is used in a tailstock
spindle and revolves with the work is spindle and doesn’t revolve but
called live center. support the free end of the work piece
is called dead center
Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUET
Lathe Chucks
Chucks are important device used for holding work pieces. It is attached
to the lathe spindle by means of two bolts with the back plate screwed on
the spindle nose.
There are many type of the chuck, but the following three are commonly
used –
- Magnetic chucks use the magnetic force from a - Collet chuck is used to hold small
permanent magnet, electromagnet, or
electro-permanent magnetic material to achieve tube shaped work pieces
chucking or holding action
- Consistent clamping pressure ensures no variation
- It has much faster releasing and
in how tightly or loosely the work piece is held gripping action with least possible time
- Magnetic chucks have shorter setup and take
down times because the work piece can be placed - It provides maximum tool clearance
right on the magnetic plate
- Suitable for thin and rough objects and not
and automatic accurate centering
suitable for small objects due to lack of surface area
Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUET
Lathe Accessories… Drive Plate
The drive plate is a circular plate which is bored out and threaded so that it can be
attached to the spindle nose of the head stoke and the w/p is attached by a lathe dog to
the drive plate
It is also carries a hole for the pin which is used only when the work is held in a lathe
dog having straight tail
When bent tail dog is used, this pin is taken out and the bent portion of the tail is
inserted into the hole
Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUET
Lathe Accessories… Face Plate
The lathe mandrel is a cylindrical bar with center hole at each end. It is
used to hold hollow work piece to machine their external surface
The work piece revolves with the mandrel which is mounted between the
center of the lathe.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUET
Lathe Attachments…Taper turning
Operations
Cutting tapers on a lathe is a common application. Tapers can be done by the following methods-
(a) using a compound slide
(b) using form tools
(c) offsetting the tailstock
(d) using taper turning attachment
Solution:
Given data: D1 = 80 mm,
D2 = 50 mm
L = 80 mm (with usual notations)
Or α = 10.620
Solution:
Here,
Job diameter, D= 25 mm
Job length, L= 50 mm
Speed, v= 30 m/min
Feed, f= 0.25mm/rev
Solution:
When
Job diameter, D1= 5inch, cutting speed, V= 90ft/min, spindle speed, N1= 70 rpm
If cutting speed is constant and job diameter is 2 inch, then let, D2 = 2 inch
Then, V1=V2
ΠD1N1= ΠD2N2
N2 = 140 rpm
Similarly, for is 1 inch job diameter , then let, D3 = 1inch and N3 = 350 rpm.