2 STROKE ENGINE

HISTORY OF 2 STROKE ENGINE

The first commercial two-stroke engine involving cylinder compression is
attributed to Scottish engineer Dugald Clerk, who patented his design in 1881. However,
unlike most later two-stroke engines, his had a separate charging cylinder. The
crankcase-scavenged engine, employing the area below the piston as a charging pump,
is generally credited to Englishman Joseph Day. On 31 December 1879, German inventor
Karl Benz produced a two-stroke gas engine, for which he received a patent in 1880 in
Germany. The first truly practical two-stroke engine is attributed to Yorkshireman Alfred
Angas Scott, who started producing twin-cylinder water-cooled motorcycles in 1908.
Two-stroke gasoline engines with electrical spark ignition are particularly useful
in lightweight or portable applications such as chainsaws and motorcycles. However,
when weight and size are not an issue, the cycle’s potential for high thermodynamic
efficiency makes it ideal for diesel compression ignition engines operating in large,
weight-insensitive applications, such as marine propulsion, railway locomotives, and
electricity generation. In a two-stroke engine, the exhaust gases transfer less heat to the
cooling system than a four-stroke, which means more energy to drive the piston, and if
present, a turbocharger.
2 STROKE ENGINE
A two-stroke (or two-stroke cycle) engine is a type of internal combustion engine
that completes a power cycle with two strokes (up and down movements) of the piston
during one power cycle, this power cycle being completed in one revolution of the
crankshaft. A four-stroke engine requires four strokes of the piston to complete a power
cycle during two crankshaft revolutions. In a two-stroke engine, the end of the
combustion stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke happen simultaneously,
with the intake and exhaust (or scavenging) functions occurring at the same time.
Two-stroke engines often have a high power-to-weight ratio, power being
available in a narrow range of rotational speeds called the power band. Two-stroke
engines have fewer moving parts than four-stroke engines.
2 STROKE CYCLE
1. First Stroke (Suction and Compression)
 During this cycle, the piston moves from the bottom center to the top center,
and all three ports — inlet, transfer and exhaust — are closed. The charge above
the piston is compressed, and the spark plug ignites the charge and creates a
power stroke. That power is transferred with the help of the connecting rod to
the crankshaft.
 There is also a partial vacuum created in the crankcase, which opens the inlet
port and allows the fuel-air mixture inside.
 2. Second Stroke (Power and Exhaust Stroke)
 During the second cycle, the piston moves down from the top center, and the
inlet port is closed. The downward motion of the piston pushes the fuel-air
mixture, and the charge from the crankcase comes out through the transfer port.
 Because the exhaust port is open, most of the exhaust gas leaves the cylinder.
The exhaust gas that remains is pushed through the exhaust port by the pressure
of the fuel-air mixture flowing downward. Then, with the help of a fresh charge,
the exhaust gas is pushed out.

The parts of a 2-stroke petrol engine work this way, and the parts of a 2-stroke diesel
engine work similarly except it has a fuel injector instead of a spark plug.

For the purpose of this discussion, it is convenient to think in motorcycle terms,

where the exhaust pipe faces into the cooling air stream, and the crankshaft commonly
spins in the same axis and direction as do the wheels i.e. “forward”. Some of the
considerations discussed here apply to four-stroke engines (which cannot reverse their
direction of rotation without considerable modification), almost all of which spin
forward, too. It is also useful to note that the “front” and “back” faces of the piston are –
respectively – the exhaust port and intake port sides of it, and are not to do with the top
or bottom of the piston.
DIESEL ENGINE 2 STROKE ENGINE
Diesel engines rely solely on the heat of compression for ignition. In the case of
Schnuerle-ported and loop-scavenged engines, intake and exhaust happen via piston-
controlled ports. A uniflow diesel engine takes in air via scavenge ports, and exhaust
gases exit through an overhead poppet valve. Two-stroke diesels are all scavenged by
forced induction. Some designs use a mechanically driven Roots blower, whilst marine
diesel engines normally use exhaust-driven turbochargers, with electrically driven
auxiliary blowers for low-speed operation when exhaust turbochargers are unable to
deliver enough air.
Two-stroke diesel engines directly coupled to the propeller are able to start and
run in either direction as required. The fuel injection and valve timing are mechanically
readjusted by using a different set of cams on the camshaft. Thus, the engine can be run
in reverse to move the vessel backwards.
ABSTRACT

One of the most common problem in the Barangay 2 Daet Camarines Norte is the

improper waste disposal, which could affect the current living of the residents of the

barangay. The type of research approach is a Quantitative research. In this study the

researchers aim to create a solution for the main problem that the researchers found

out by interviewing the residents of Baranggay 2 Daet Camarines Norte. An interview

was conducted with the responsible residents of the chosen community, barangay 2

Daet Camarines Norte. The question asked to the respondents were their basic

information, source of income and the problems that they encountered in the

community for the weekly volume of garbage in there community.

Weekly volume of garbage, is the major problem of the residents in Baranggay 2

Daet Camarines Norte. These problems were defined as incinerating, throwing their

garbage on the well and the lack of garbage collection. These problems could harm not

only the residents but also the environment itself. The knowledge of the residents

about their current situation is based on their own experiences. Although they were

able to give advice to people that might experience the same situation by segregating

their waste properly but since they don’t have enough funds to support garbage truck

collection they resulted to the incinerating of their garbage’s.