INTRODUCTION

Dyeing is the process of adding colour to textile products like fabrics,

yarns, and fabrics Dying is normally done in special solution
containing dyes and particular chemical material.

After dyeing dye molecules have uncut chemical bond with fibre
molecules

The temperature and time controlling are two key factors in dyeing.
There are mainly two classes of dye:

Natural Man-made.

Acrylic fibres are dyed with basic dyes. Nylon and protein fibres such
as wool and silk are dyed with acid dyes
Polyester yarn is dyed with disperse dyes. Cotton is dyed with a range
of dye types, including vat dyes, and modern synthetic reactive and
direct dyes.
 Methods to apply dye

Dyes are applied to textile goods by dyeing from dye solutions and by
printing from dye pastes.
Methods include
e

Direct
Application

Yarn
dyeing

Characteristics of a dye
1. It must have a suitable colour.

2. It must be capable of being fixed of the material

3. When fixed it must be fast to detergents, soaps, water, dry cleaning

Solvent light and dilute acid.
The primary source of dye, historically, has generally been nature,
with the Dyes being extracted from animals or plants.

Since the mid-19th century, however, humans have produced artificial

dyes to achieve a broader range of colours and to render the dyes
more stable to resist washing and general use.

Different classes of dyes are used for different types of fibre and at
different stages of the textile production process. from loose fibres
through yarn and cloth to complete garments,

AIM:
To Dye wool and cotton clothes with malachite green.

REQUIREMENT:
500 mil beakers, tripod stand, wire gauze, glass rod, spatula, wool
cloth and cotton cloth
Sodium carbonate, tannic acid, tartar emetic acid and malachite green

dye.

THEORY
Cotton Fibres show good durability and utility it is a stable material it
stays undamaged even the conditions of high exposure of weak acids
and alkalis has water absorbing capacity. Cotton fabrics are easy to
dye, they have very low elasticity characters. They are easy washable
and can be ironed even at very high temperatures

Woollen fibres are high moisture absorber too They take up moisture
in vapour form If generates heat when it absorbs moisture Each wool
fibre is a molecular coil-spring, making the fibre remarkably elastic

They have highly durability and resilience.

Malachite Green is an organic compound that I used as a dyestuff and
controversially as an antimicrobial in aquaculture.

Malachite such as silk, leather, ad paper. Although called malachite

green, this dye is not prepared from the mineral malachite-the name
just comes from the similarity of colour.

Chemical Formula: C2H5-- ;

Common name: Triaryl methane dye

 Procedure
Preparation of sodium carbonate solution:

Take about 0.5g of solid carbonate and dissolve it in 250ml of water.

Preparation of tartar emetic solution:

Take about 0.2g of tartar emetic and dissolve it in 100ml of water by
stirring with the help of glass rod

Preparation of tannic acid solutions:

Take 100ml of Water in a beaker and add about 1.0g of tannic acid to
it. Heat solution on heating a clear solution of tannic acid is obtained.

Preparation of dye solution:

Take about 0.1g of malachite green dye and add to it 400ml of water.
Warming results in a clear solution of the dye.
 Dyeing of cotton
Cotton does not absorb malachite green readily.
Therefore, it requires the use of a mordant for dyeing a cotton cloth
dip it in solution carbonate solution for 10 minutes and then rinse with
water,
Then put the cloth in hot tannic solution for about 5 minute.
Now take out the cloth from tannic acid solution and keep it in tartar
emetic solution for about 5 minutes.
Remove the cloth and squeeze it with spatula to remove and wash the
dyed cloth thoroughly with water, squeeze and keep it for drying.

Dyeing of cotton directly:

Take another piece of cotton cloth and put it directly into boiling
solution of the dye.
Keep it dipped for about 2 minutes.
Remove the cloth, wash it with water, squeeze and keep it for drying.

OBSERVATION:

The colour of wool cloth directly by dipping in hot solution of

malachite green dye is fast,
The colour of cotton dyed directly (without using mordant) by
dipping in hot solution of malachite green is not fast to washing and is
of low intensity.
The colour of cotton cloth dyed indirectly by using of malachite green
is fast to washing and is of high intensity.

END OF
INVESTIGATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Chemistry lab manual Evergreen

2. www.google.com

3. www.themstudy.com

4. www.chymist.com
5. www.bing.com

6. www.archive.org
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher
“Mr. Vikram Rawal” as well as our principal mam “Mrs. Sheela
Chauhan” who gave me the opportunity to do this wonderful project
on “Dyeing of Fabrics”, which also helped me in doing a lot of
research and I came to know about so many new things.
I am really thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents who had help me a lot
in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
MARUTI INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL

Session 2022-2023

Investigatory Project

CHEMISTRY (043) PRACTICAL

NAME: RANJEET SUTHAR
TH
CLASS: 12

STREAM: PCB
TITLE: DYEING OF FABRICS

SUBMITTED TO
MR. VIKRAM RAWAL
 CERTIFICATE
This to hereby certify that the honest and
original investigation is carried out to
obtain the matter about the subject and
related investigation has been successfully
and sincerely completed by RANJEET
SUTHAR of class 12th, regarding his
investigatory project titled as “DYEING
OF FABRICS”.

External
Principal
Examiner Sign
Sign

Subject teacher sign

Table of content
 INTRODUCTION
 AIM
 THEORY
 CHEMICALS REQUIRED
 PROCEDURE
 OBSERVATIONS
 RESULT
 CONCUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY