VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY

SURAT

B. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

F. Y. B. Sc.
Semester - I and II
SYLLABUS

With Effect from 2016-17

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
SURAT

B. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Semester - I
SYLLABUS

With Effect from 2016-17

 Semester I
CORE - I
PAPER - I
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - I
Env 101 : ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY
Total Hours: 30
UNIT-I 02 Hours
Importance and Scope of Ecology: Environmental factors - Climate - Temperature - Light -
Humidity – Edaphic and Biotic factors.
UNIT-II 10 Hours
Habitat and ecological niche: Basic concepts, components of ecosystem, Study of pond, grass
land, forest, mangrove ecosystem - Trophic levels ,food chain, food web and ecological pyramids,
ecosystem functions, Energy flow in ecological systems, energy efficiencies.
UNIT-III 13 Hours
Population & Ecology: Basic concept of population - Natality, Mortality - Age distribution-
Survivorship curves - Ecotone and edge effect.
Community ecology: Definition - Ecological dominance, Ecotone - Edge Effect, Ecological
equivalents, indicators, succession and climax.
UNIT-IV 05 Hours
Animal Association: Interspecific interactions and Intraspecific interactions - Symbiosis,
Mutualism, Antagonism, Commensalism, Predation and Parasitic relationships.
References:
1. Odum, E. P., (1971) Fundamentals of Ecology, W. B., Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
2. Shiva, V and Bandyopadyaya, J, (1986) Chipko, the INTACH, New Delhi.
3. Sharma, P. D. 1998, Ecology and Environment, Rastogi publication, Meerut
4. Jeyaraj, M. S. and Veer Bala Rastogi, (1998) Animal Ecology and Distribution of Animals.
5. Verma, P.S., and V. K. Agarwal, (1983) Principles of Ecology, S. Chand and Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
 Semester I
CORE I
PAPER II
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - II
Env 102 : FUNDAMENTALS OF EARTH SCIENCE
Total Hours : 30
UNIT-I : 12 Hours
Earth - Its interior and surface: The Universe - Big Bang theory - Meteors - The origin, shape and
size of the earth - The solar system - Planets - Eclipses - Solar, Lunar - Rotation and Revolution
of the earth - Seasons - Latitude and Longitude - Layers of the earth - Sial, Sima, Nife - History of
the Earth’s surface - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Neozoic and Quaternary era.

UNIT-II : 06 Hours
Earth’s Crust: Formation of Rocks - Igneous rocks: Intrusive and Extrusive; Plutonic rocks - Dyke
rocks: Acid and Basic rocks - Sedimentary rocks: Inorganic and Organic - Sand stones, clay shale,
gravels, pebbles, breccias - Metamorphic rocks - Regional and contact metamorphism.

UNIT-III: 06 Hours
Major land forms and their transformation: Theories and stages of mountain building
Classification of mountains - Types of Plateaus : Intermontane, Piedmont, Continental - Hill lands
- Plains - Classification - coastal - Destructional and Depositional plains.

UNIT-IV: 06 Hours
Soil and its types: Composition, formation and types of soils - Origin of the soil- Texture of the
soil - Soil horizons and profiles - Soils of the world: Laterites, Red soil, Black cotton soil, Podsols,
Praire soils, Chestnut soils - Laterisation.

Reference
1. Das Gupta, A and A. N. Kapoor (Eds) (1999) Principles of Physical Geography.
Twentieth edition. S. Chand and Co ltd., New Delhi.
2. Keller, E. A. (2005) Introduction to Environmental Geology. Prentice Hall Pub., NY.
3. De Blij, H. J., and Peter O. Muller (1993) Physical Geography of the Environment.
John Willey and sons, Inc. Brisbane.
4. Strahler and Strahler (1970) Environmental Geology. Willey and Sons, NY
 Semester I
CORE I
PRACTICAL I
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - I
Env 103 : ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY

1. Measurement of atmospheric humidity.

2. Diagrammatic representation of solar, lunar eclipses, day and night.
3. Study of vegetation by Chart Quadrant, Frequency and Relative Frequency methods.
4. Estimation of species diversity by Shannon - Weiner diversity index method.
5. Study of fauna of local area/college campus.
6. Preparation of field report based on the survey of local flora.

PRACTICAL II
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - II
Env 104 : EARTH SCIENCE

1. Identification of Soil texture - clay, sand, loamy by sieve method.

2. Identification of Soil types - red soil, black soil.
3. Determination of water holding capacity of soil
4. Determination of water transparency by Secchi disc method.
5. To study pore space, field capacity and bulk density of soil.
6. Identification of coal fields - Economic aspects, availability of coal or
Usage of topographic maps - to study about land forms
VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
SURAT

B. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Semester - II
SYLLABUS

With Effect from 2016-17

 Semester II
CORE I
PAPER I
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - III
Env 201: ENVIRONMENTAL BOTANY
Total Hours : 30

UNIT-I 09 Hours
Fundamentals of classification: Basic unit of classification - Classification of Plants - Taxonomic
hierarchy - Artificial and Natural classification.
Diversity of plant species : Trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses - halophytes, hydrophytes, mesophytes
and xerophytes.
UNIT-II 09 Hours
Anatomy: Dicot - stem, root, monocot - stem, leaf.
Vegetation (Forest types):
Moist deciduous, dry deciduous, ever green, semi-evergreen, grassland, thorn, mangroves.
UNIT-III 06 Hours
Mendalism : Monohybrid and dihybrid cross,
Origin of life - Theories of Evolution. Lamarck, Charles Darwin and De - vries.
UNIT-IV 06 Hours
Economic Botany : Medicinal plants, edible oil seeds, pulses, vegetables, fruits, mushroom, single
cell protein, Spirulina.

References :
1. Jeffery, C (1982) An Introduction of Plant Taxonomy, Cambridge, press.

2. Smith Gilbert, M (1995) Cryptogrammic Botany, VOL I &II, McGraw Hill,. New York,

3. Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agarwal, (1989) Principals of Ecology, S.Chand &Company,NewDelhi.
4. Hill, A.W. (1951) Economic Botany. McGraw Hill Publications.
5. Dash, M.C (1995) Fundamentals of Ecology, M.C.Graw Hill Publications.
6. Mitra, S. (1994) Genetics - A Blue Print of life. Tata McGraw Hill
 Semester II
CORE I
PAPER II
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - IV
Env 202: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Total Hours : 30
Unit-I 08 Hours
Biodiversity: Basic concepts, importance and conservation needs.
Species diversity, Biological and phylogenetic species concept.
Basic concepts of speciation, species extinction.
Unit-II 06 Hours
Factors for decline of biological diversity.
Protection of wild flora, fauna and natural habitats.
Concept of threatened species.
Threatened and endangered animals of India.
Unit-III 08 Hours
Food, timber and medicinal plants non-timber forest produce.
Importance of tropical rain forests and wetlands.
Animal food and fisheries.
Wild life sanctuaries, National Parks and Biosphere Reserve.
Economic importance of wild life.
Unit-IV 08 Hours
Biodiversity convention.
International and national efforts and approaches to conserve biodiversity.
Socio-cultural aspects of biodiversity.
Biotechnological needs for biodiversity conservation.
Traditional knowledge and biodiversity conservation.
References:
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
1. Chandel, K.P.S., Shukla, G. And Sharma, N. (1996). Biodiversity in Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants in India Conservation and Utilization, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New
Delhi.
2. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (1986). The Useful Plants of India Publication
and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi.
3. Nair, M.N.B. et. al. (Eds.) (1998). Sustainable Management of Non-wood Forest Products.
Faculty of Forestry, University Putra. Malaysia. 434 004 PM Serdong, Selangor, Malaysia.
4. Soule, M.E. (ed.) (1986). Conservation Biology. The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sinaur
Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
5. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. 2006. Ecology, Environment and Resource
Conservation, Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi.
 Semester II
CORE I
PRACTICAL I
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - III

Env 203 : ENVIRONMENTAL BOTANY

1. Study on the morphology and anatomy of hydrophytes - Leaf, stem and petiole.
2. Study on the morphology and anatomy of xerophytes - Leaf and stem.
3. Study on the morphology and anatomy of mesophytes - Leaf and stem.
4. Study on the morphology of halophytes - fresh samples or Museum specimens.
5. To find out minimum size, density, frequency of the vegetation by quadrant method.
6. Comments on economic uses of plant material (as per syllabus).
7. Estimation of carbohydrates and protein in plants.

PRACTICAL II
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - IV
Env 204: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

1. Study of Phytoplankton and diatoms.

2. Identification and salient features of animals available (Prepared slides or Museum
specimens)
3. Submission of Economically important insects available (charts) in your habitat.
4. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of zooplankton.
5. Comments on life cycle of some economically important insects.
6. Preparation of field report based on the visit to a Wild Life Sanctuary / National Park /
Zoo / Biosphere Reserve.
VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
SURAT

B. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

S. Y. B. Sc.
Semester - III and IV
SYLLABUS

With Effect from 2016-17

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
SURAT

B. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Semester - III
SYLLABUS

With Effect from 2016-17

 Semester III
CORE - I
PAPER – I
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 301 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – V
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY - I
OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with phenomena taking place in different
segments of environment, chemical reactions in atmosphere, different aspects of meteorology
and effects of atmospheric gases in environment.
Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1 Environment Text Book: H.Kaur 05 Hours
1.1 Scope of Environmental Chemistry
1.2 Environmental Pollution : Classification of Pollution and Pollutants
1.3 Environmental Segments : Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere, Atmosphere
1.4 Heat/Radiation Budget of the Earth – Mechanism
1.5 Energy Balance of the Earth
1.6 Calculation of Global Mean Temperature
UNIT 2 Atmosphere Text Book: A.K.De 08 Hours
2.1 Composition of the Atmosphere
2.2 Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere
2.3 Evolution of the Atmosphere
2.4 Particles, Ions and Radicals in the Atmosphere
2.4.1 Chemicals Processes for Formation of Inorganic Particulate Matter
2.4.2 Chemicals Processes for Formation of Organic Particulate Matter
2.4.3 Ions and Radicals
UNIT 3 Meteorology Text Book: H.Kaur 08 Hours
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Temperature Lapse Rates
3.3 Adiabatic Lapse Rates
3.4 Inversions
3.5 Circulation of the Atmospheric Air
3.6 Wind Velocity and Turbulence
3.7 Plume Characteristics Under Different Lapse Conditions
UNIT 4 Effects of Atmospheric Gases on Environment 09 Hours
Text Book: Jain and Jain
Sources, Mechanism-, Effects and Control Measures of
4.1 Green House Effect and Global warming
4.2 Ozone Layer Depletion
4.3 Smog : Sulphurous or London and Photochemical or Los Angeles
4.4 Acid Rain
Assignment: Global Warming and Climate Change
Text Books:
1. Environmental Chemistry – H. Kaur, (8th Edition), 2014, Pragati Prakashan.
2. Environmental Chemistry- A.K De, (6th Edition), New Age International.
3. Engineering Chemistry – P.C. Jain and Monica Jain, (17 th Edition), Reprint -2011
Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company.
References:
1. Environmental Science – S.C. Santra, (2nd Edition), New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.
2. Environmental Chemistry- B.K Sharma (9th Edition), Krishna Prakashan.
PRACTICAL – V
Following parameters of weather monitoring can be determined at (Any place)
1. To determine wind velocity by cup type Anemometer.
2. To determine wind direction by cup type Anemometer.
3. To determine wind type on the basis of Baufort’s scale.
4. To determine atmospheric pressure by Barometer.
5. To determine atmospheric temperature by max-min Thermometer.
6. To determine relative humidity of ambient air by Psychrometer.
7. To determine intensity of the solar radiation by Albedometer.
8. Draw and explain earth’s radiation budget and energy balance of the earth’s surface.
9. A Visit to Weather Monitoring Station.
Reference:
1. Recent Advances in Environmental Analysis ( water, soil and air )- B.S. Yadav
(1 st Edition), Adhyayan Publishers.
 Semester III
CORE - I
PAPER – II
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 302 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – VI
SOIL SCIENCES
OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal basics in soil ecosystems with interactions, reactions
and impact.

Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1 Soil Fauna: Ref. Paul E. 08 Hours
1.1 The Microfauna
1.2 Rotifera
1.3 Nematoda
1.4 Microarthropods
1.5 Enchytraeids
1.6 Macrofuana
UNIT 2 Basic soil-Plant relationship Biological Participants 08 Hours
Ref.: Havlin et al.
2.1 Ion exchange in soils
2.2 Mineral solubility in soils
2.3 Supply of nutrients from OM
2.4 Movement of Ions from soils to roots
2.5 Ion absorption by plants
UNIT 3 Soil Biota Ref. Paul E.A 08 Hours
3.1 Collection of sample, storage and pretreatment
3.2 Microbial biomass and its measurement
3.3 Physiological analyses
3.4 Activities and locations of enzymes
UNIT 4 Biogeochemical cycles Ref : Kormondy 06 Hours
4.1 Carbon cycle
4.2 Nitrogen cycle
4.3 Sulfur cycle
4.4 Phosphorus cycle
Text Book:
1. Sharma P.D., (2014). Ecology and Environment.12th edition, Rastogi publication.
2. Odum E.P. (2008). Fundamentals of Ecology , 5th Edition (India edition), brooks/cole
References:
1.Havlin et al., (2009). Soil fertility and fertilizers.7th edition, PHI.
2.Kormondy (2007). Concept of Ecology, 4th Edition, PHI.
3.Paul E.A.(2009). Soil Microbiology, Ecology and biochemistry. 3 rd edition, Elsevier.
PRACTICAL – VI
1. Determination of soil biomass carbon
2. Determination of soil biomass nitrogen
3. Determination of soil biomass phosphorus
4. Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides / or Taenia solium
5. Measuring rate of water uptake by a plant shoot using a potometer
6. Estimation of cation exchange capacity of (CEC) plant-soil

Reference:
1. Analytical Techniques in Agriculture, Biotech and Environment Engineering- A. Nag ,
Eastern Economy Edition, Prentice hall of India Pvt. Ltd; New Delhi, 2006.
 Semester III
CORE - I
PAPER – III
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 303 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – VII
POPULATION ECOLOGY
OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal basics in population in ecosystems with dynamics,
community characteristics and their functions.

Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1: Population structure and dynamics Ref.: Sharma P.D. 05 Hours
1.1 Basic concepts
1.2 Population characteristics
1.3 Population dynamics

UNIT 2: Community characteristics and Classification Ref.: Sharma P.D. 08Hours

2.1 Community characteristics
2.2 Characteristics used to describe community structure
2.3 Methods of community studies
2.4 Classification of communities
2.5 Main concepts in classification of communities
UNIT 3: Community dynamics Ref. Sharma P.D. 08 Hours
3.1 Ecological succession
3.2 Causes and trends of succession
3.3 Basic types of succession and its general process
3.4 Hydrosere, lithosere and heterotrophic succession
3.5 Ecosystem development
3.6 Climax concept in succession
UNIT 4: Statistics in ecology Ref : Odum E.P. 09 Hours
4.1 Ecosystems and scale
4.2 Inference methods and reliability
4.3 Experimental versus observational method
4.4 Statistical thinking in ecology
4.5 Nature of evidence and hypothesis testing
4.6 Evidence-oriented alternative
Text Book:
1.Kormondy (2007). Concept of Ecology, 4th Edition, PHI.
2.Paul E.A.(2009). Soil Microbiology, Ecology and biochemistry. 3 rd edition, Elsevier.

Reference:
1. Sharma P.D., (2014). Ecology and Environment.12th edition, Rastogi publication.
2. Odum E.P. (2008). Fundamentals of Ecology , 5th Edition (India edition), brooks/cole.
 PRACTICAL – VII

1. Determination of soil microbial communities and diversity indices.

2. Determination of density/abundance of various species occurring in given area.
3. Study the species composition of an area for analyzing biological spectrum and
comparison with Raunkiaer’s normal biological spectrum.
4. Estimation of biomass.
5. Field trip to count bird/animal population count and measure diversity indices.

Reference:

1. Bendre, Kumar (2011). A text book of Practical Botony, Rastogi Publications.

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
SURAT

B. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Semester - IV
SYLLABUS

With Effect from 2016-17

 Semester IV
CORE - I
PAPER – II
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 402 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – IX
(WATER RESOURCES)

OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with various water resources like ground water, surface water
including sea water their uses, overuses, conservation, recharging and desalination.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1 Introduction of Water Resources 08 Hours
1.1 Indian Scenario
1.2 Characteristics of water: physical, chemical and biological
1.3 Uses of water
1.4 Overuses of water
1.5 Water scarcity
1.6 Conservation of water
1.7 Rain water harvesting

UNIT 2 Ground water 06 Hours

2.1 Sources of ground water
2.2 Terms related to ground water
2.3 Groundwater movements
2.4 Effects of overuse of ground water
2.5 Ground water recharging
2.6 Significance and strategies of ground water management

UNIT 3 Surface water-1 (fresh water) 09 Hours

3.1 Surface water sources (lakes, ponds, reservoir, rivers and streams)
3.2 Terminology in freshwater
3.3 Problems related with overuse of surface water
3.4 Chemical composition of surface water
 3.5 Dynamics and interactions of some major elements in an aquatic ecosystem
3.6 Complexation in natural water
3.7 Biological diversity in fresh water

UNIT 4 Surface Water-2 (marine & brackish) 07 Hours

4.1 Marine water sources ( esturies, sea)
4.2 Chemical composition of sea water
4.3 Sea water equilibrium
4.3 Sea water model
4.4 Desalination of brackish water
4.5 Biological diversity in marine water
Refences:
1. Environmental Chemistry, Kaur H, 8th Edition , 2014, Pragati Prakashan
2. Environmental Studies, Rethaliya R.P. , Patel F.M. , Vaidya V.H.
2nd Edition, 2015, Atul Prakashan
3. Marine Biology, Roy D.,1st Edition, 2014, Random Publication
4. Basics of Environmental Studies, Shroff R.B., 1st Edition, 2010, New Popular Prakashan
5. Engineering Chemistry, Jain P. & Jain M., 2011 – Reprint, Dhanpat Rai Publishing
6. Environmental Chemistry, Sharma B.K, 9th Edition,2005, Krishna Prakashan
7. Environmental Studies, Shah B.R., Popli S., 7 th Edition, 2015, Mahajan Publishing
8. Ecology and Environment. Sharma P.D., 12th edition, 2014, Rastogi Publication
9. Groundwater Management, Bhatnagar M., 1st edition, 2014, SBS Publisher
PRACTICAL – IX
1. Assessment of pH and alkalinity of water sample.
2. Assessment of salinity and chloride of water sample.
3. Assessment of sodium and potassium of water sample.
4. Assessment of DO of water sample.
5. Assessment of electrical conductivity of water sample.
6. Study of some algae through permanent slide.
7. Study of some cyanobacteria through permanent slide.
8. Isolation of heterotrophs from water sample.
 Semester IV
CORE - I
PAPER – I
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 401 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – VIII
(LAND RESOURCES)
__________________________________________________________________

OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with various natural resources like land, soil, forest
and agriculture.
______________________________________________________________________________
Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1: Land Resources 08 Hours
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Land as a resource
1.3 Land use patterns
1.4 Impact of land use on environmental quality
1.5 Relationship of land use and natural disasters
1.6 Land degradation
1.7 Control of land degradation
1.8 Struggle against aridisation and desertification

UNIT 2: Soil Resources 07 Hours

2.1 Biological and chemical aspects of soil productivity
2.2 Soil resource degradation
2.2.1 Kinds of soil erosion
2.2.2 Agents of soil erosion
2.3 Soil conservation
2.3.1 Principles of soil conservation
2.3.2 Methods of soil conservation

UNIT 3: Forest Resources 07 Hours

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Forest resources-Indian scenario, types of forests in India
3.3 Forest soil and carbon storage
3.4 Nutrient cycling in forests
3.5 Production, commercial and exploitative forestry
3.6 Deforestation
3.7 Causes and effects of deforestation
3.8 Forest degradation in India
3.9 National forest policy,1988
3.10 Measures of forest conservation and management
UNIT 4: Agriculture Resources 08 Hours
1.1 Introduction
 1.2 Sources: crops, livestock
1.3 Changes caused by agriculture
1.4 Changes caused by overgrazing
1.5 Effects of modern agriculture

References:
1. Environmental studies, Dhameja S.K., 3rd Edition,2007, Kataria Publishers
2. Environmental Studies, Shah B.R., Popli S., 7 th Edition, 2015, Mahajan Publishing
3. Forest Soils, Yadav S., 1st Edition, 2014, Anmol Publications
4. An Introduction to Agro Forestry, Bhattacharya A., 1st Edition 2014, Random Publications
5. Environmental Chemistry, Sharma B.K, 9th Edition,2005, Krishna Prakashan
6. Ecology and Environment. Sharma P.D., 12th edition, 2014, Rastogi Publication
7. Basics of Environmental Studies, Shroff R.B., 1st Edition, 2010, New Popular Prakashan
8. Environmental Studies, Rethaliya R.P., Patel F.M. , Vaidya V.H.
2nd Edition, 2015, Atul Prakashan

PRACTICAL VIII
1. Study of chart quadrats of major plants

2. Study of chart quadrats of animals

3. Study of chart quadrats of birds

4. Study of chart quadrats of insects

5. Assessment of pH and Acidity of soil sample.

6. Assessment of Alkalinity of soil sample.
7. Isolation of heterotrophic bacteria from soil.

8. Isolation of actinomycetes from soil.

Semester IV
CORE - I
 PAPER – III
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 403 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – X
(ENERGY RESOURCES)
__________________________________________________________________
OBJECTIVE: This paper intends to deal with various energy resources like renewable and
non-renewable, sustainable utilization of energy resources and energy conservation.
______________________________________________________________________________
Total Hours: 30
Unit:1 Energy Utilization 08 Hours
1.1 Introduction, basic concepts and role in human civilization
1.2 Classification of energy resources
1.3 Energy scenario in India
1.4 Sustainable use of energy resources
1.5 Sources and use of Energy
1.6 Thermistor and their characterisation
1.7 Maximum power theorem
Unit 2 : Non-Renewable Energy Resources 07 Hours
2.1 Types of non-renewable energy resources
2.2 Fossil fuels
2.3 Types of mineral resources
2.4 Use and exploitation
2.5 Mineral exploration and extraction
2.6 Environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources
2.7 Mineral wealth of India & mineral production in India
UNIT 3: Renewable Energy Resources 08 Hours
3.1 Types of renewable energy resources
3.2 Solar energy
3.3 Wind energy
3.4 Hydro energy
3.5 Nuclear energy
3.6 Tidal energy
3.7 Geothermal energy
3.8 Bioenergy

Unit:4 Energy Conservation 08 Hours

4.1 Energy crisis and energy conservation
4.2 In agriculture and industrial sector
4.3 Energy plantation, petro crops
4.4 Hydrogen as a source of energy
4.5 Energy from waste
4.6 Problems due to overexploitation of energy resources

References:
1. Environmental studies, Dhameja S.K., 3rd Edition,2007, Kataria Publishers
2. Environmental Studies, Shah B.R., Popli S., 7 th Edition, 2015, Mahajan Publishing
3. Forest Soils, Yadav S., 1st Edition, 2014, Anmol Publications
4. An Introduction to Agro Forestry, Bhattacharya A., 1st Edition, 2014, Random Publications
5. Environmental Chemistry, Sharma B.K, 9th Edition,2005, Krishna Prakashan
6. Ecology and Environment. Sharma P.D., 12th edition, 2014, Rastogi Publication
7. Basics of Environmental Studies, Shroff R.B., 1st Edition, 2010, New Popular Prakashan
8. Environmental Studies, Rethaliya R.P. , Patel F.M. , Vaidya V.H,. 2 nd Edition, 2015, Atul
Prakashan
9. Engineering Chemistry, Jain P. & Jain M., 2011 – Reprint, Dhanpat Rai Publishing
10. Renewable energy technologies, A practical guide for beginners, Solanki C., 1 st edition
2009, PHI learning

PRACTICAL – X
1. Measurement of efficiency of solar cell.
2. Volt-Ampere characteristics of solar cell.
3. Thermistor and their characteristics.
4. To study maximum power transfer theorem.
5. Characteristics of photo voltaic cell.
6. Estimation of heat capacity of water.
7. Production and estimation of ethanol from biomass.
8. Estimation of required wind turbine power rating.
VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
SURAT

B. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

T. Y. B. Sc.
Semester - V and VI
SYLLABUS

With Effect from 2016-17

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
SURAT

B. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Semester - V
SYLLABUS

With Effect from 2016-17

 Semester V
CORE - I
PAPER – I
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 501 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XI
WATER POLLUTION & TREATMENT
OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with sources of water pollution & economic solutions
to water resource problems, types of water pollutants, their sources and fates, health risks
associated with water supplies, the criteria and methods to improve water
quality._______________________________________________________________________
Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1 Ground and surface water pollution and treatment 06
1.1 Sources of ground water pollution and its effect
1.2 Sources of surface water pollution and its effect
1.3 Drinking water treatment

UNIT 2 Industrial wastes and treatment processes 08

2.1 Characteristics of industrial waste
2.2 Types of industrial waste
2.3 Principles of industrial waste treatment
2.4 Protection of surface water from pollution with industrial sewage
2.5 Treatment and disposal of industrial sewage
2.6 Treatment of wastes or effluents with organic impurities
2.7 Treatment of wastes or effluents with Inorganic impurities

UNIT 3 Sewage and sewage treatment 08

Municipal waste water
3.1 Sewage & its composition
3.2 Domestic sewage treatment
3.3 Purpose of sewage treatment
3.4 Methods of sewage treatment
3.5 Types: aerobic oxidation plant & anaerobic oxidation plant
3.6 Miscellaneous methods of sewage treatment

UNIT 4 Agricultural pollution 08

4.1 Source of agricultural pollution
4.2 Farm wastes
4.3 Pesticides pollution
4.4 Sources of pesticides pollutants in water
4.5 Effect of pesticides on Man, animals, birds & Aquatic biota
4.6 Methods to minimize pesticides pollution
4.7 Future strategy for pesticide use
4.8 Fertilizers & Bio fertilizers
4.9 Effects of Fertilizers on Man, Animals & plants
Books:
1.Water Supply & Sanitary Engineering - G.S.Birdie & J. S.Birdie, 61993, Dhanpat Rai Sons
Publications.
2. Environmental Chemistry- A. K. De, 7 th Edition, 2015, New Age International Publisher.
3. Environmental Chemistry - H. Kaur, 8th Edition, 2014, Pragati Prakashan
4. Environmental Chemistry - S. E. Manahan, 9th Edition,2010, CRC Press.
5. Textbook of Environmental chemistry and pollution control- Dara S.S.,1 st Edition, 1993,
S.Chand & Co.
6. Advanced Environmental Chemistry- Naz Shiv, 1st Edition, 2014, Anmol Publication
7. Handbook of Environmental Health and Safety - principle and practices (Vol. II): H. Koren;
4th Edition, 2003, Lewis Publishers
8. Environmental Chemistry- B.K. Sharma, 12th Edition, 2011, Krishna Prakashan.
PRACTICALS – XI

1. Determination of Turbidity and Conductivity of given water sample

2. To determine the temporary and permanent hardness of water.
3. Analysis of DO ,BOD and COD in Waste Water Sample
4. Analysis of Fluoride in Ground Water and Potable Water.
 Semester V
CORE - I
PAPER – II
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 502 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XII
AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL

OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with air pollution sources, effects, control, factors affecting
air pollution, basics of air quality, standards, sampling and analysis of some pollutants.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1 Sources and factors affecting air pollution 04
1.8 Introduction of air pollution
1.9 Sources of air pollution: primary, secondary pollutants and particulate matter,
natural and man-made sources
1.3 Factors affecting air pollution: wind direction, temperature inversion,
mixing height, precipitation, humidity, solar radiation

UNIT 2 Causes and effects of air pollution 10

2.1 Causes and effects of Global warming, Acid rain, Ozone depletion, Smog,
El Nino and La Nina
2.2 Effects of air pollution on biological system: animals, plants, humans
2.3 Effects of air pollution on non biological systems: materials
2.4 Air pollution disasters at: Meuse valley, Donora, London, New york,
Los Angeles, Tokyo
2.5 Air pollution accidents at: Poza Rico (Mexico), Seveso (Italy),
Bhopal (India), Chernobyl (Ukraine)

UNIT 3 Sampling and Analysis of pollutants 08

3.1 Basics of ambient air quality standards and emission standards
3.2 Sampling of pollutants: particulates, gases and vapor
3.3 Analysis of pollutants
3.3.1 Measurement of SPM, RSPM
3.3.2 SO2, NO2, CO
3.3.3 Total oxidants
3.3.4 Smoke density
UNIT 4 Control of air pollution 08
4.1 Particulate control at source: Raw material change, Process modification,
Equipment modification
4.2 Particulate Control equipments: Settling chambers, Cyclones, Electrostatic
precipitators, Scrubbers
4.3 Control of gaseous pollutants: Adsorption, Absorption, Combustion,
Condensation
4.4 Control measures of Global warming, Acid rain, Ozone depletion and Smog

Books:

3. Air Pollution - M. N. Rao and H. V. N. Rao, 26th Edition, 2007,Tata McGraw Hills
4. An introduction to air pollution - R. K. Trivedy, P. K. Goel, 1 st Edition,2003, ABD
Publishers
5. Textbook Of Air Pollution And Its Control – S. C. Bhatia, 1 st Edition,2007, Atlantic
Publishers
6. Air Pollution Control Engineering – Noel De Nevers, 2nd Edition, 2000, McGraw Hill
7. Environmental pollution and control in chemical industries - S. C. Bhatia, 2 nd Edition,
2014, Khanna Publishers.
8. Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis- James P. Lodge, JR., 3 rd Edition, 2016, CRC Press
9. Air Pollution Engineering Manual – Wayne T. David, 2nd Edition, 2000, John Wiley and
Sons

PRACTICALS – XII

1. To study principle, components and working operation of stack monitoring kit.

2. Determination of NOx of ambient air.
3. Determination of SOx of ambient air.
4. To determine RSPM and SPM of ambient air.
 Semester V
CORE - I
PAPER – III
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 503 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XIII
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE POLLUTION &MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, biomedical
and E-waste sources, classification, properties, effects, waste management, disposal, treatment,
recycling and reuse.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Total Hours: 30

UNIT 1 Solid Waste 08

1.1 Introduction : source and classification
1.2 Causes and effects
1.3 Control measures:
1.3.1 Collection
1.3.2 Disposal
1.3.3 Recycling, recovery and reuse of solid waste
1.3.4 Waste utilization and applications

UNIT 2 Municipal Solid Waste 07

2.1 Introduction : source and type based classification
2.2 Composition of MSW, generation and segregation
2.3 Characteristics/properties of MSW: physical, chemical and biological
2.4 Transformation of MSW: physical, chemical and biological

UNIT 3 Hazardous Waste 09

3.1 Introduction : Nature and sources
3.2 Identification and listed hazardous waste
3.3 Characteristics , classification and effects
3.4 Hazardous waste management: generation, storage and collection, transfer
and transport, processing, disposal
3.5 Hazardous waste treatment: physical, chemical, thermal and biological
3.6 Pollution prevention and waste minimization
UNIT 4 Biomedical & E-Waste 06
4.1 Biomedical waste : Introduction
4.2 Sources and categories
4.3 Management rules and technologies
4.4 E-Waste: Introduction
4.5 Sources and effects
4.6 E-Waste management- treatment and disposal

Books:
10. Integrated solid waste management : Engineering principles and issues - George
Tchobanoglous, Hilary Theisen, Samuel A. Vigil, 2nd Edition , 2014, McGraw Hill
Education
11. Handbook of solid waste management - Frank Kreith, 1st Edition , 1994, McGraw Hill Inc
12. Management of municipal solid waste - T. V. Ramchandra, 5 th Reprint, 2014, TERI Press
13. Environmental Chemistry - H. Kaur, 8th Edition , 2014, Pragati Prakashan
14. Environmental Chemistry- B.K Sharma, 9th Edition, 2005, Krishna Prakashan
15. Environmental studies - S.K. Dhameja, 3rd Edition,2007, Kataria Publishers
16. Environmental Chemistry – S.C. Bhatia,1st Ed ,2002, Reprint: 2013, CBS Publishers

PRACTICAL – XIII

1. To determine nitrogen content of solid waste.

2. To determine phosphorous content of solid waste.
3. To determine potassium content of solid waste.
4. To determine carbon content of solid waste.
 Semester V
CORE - I
PAPER – IV
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 504 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XIV
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
__________________________________________________________________
OBJECTIVES: The paper deal with microbial population which presents in air, soil and water
which are playing role in pro-pollution and anti-pollution activity .
____________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1: Microbial Ecology 09
1.1 Microbial ecology and ecosystem: introduction, characteristics and methodology
1.2 Population interactions: different types of positive and symbiotic
1.3 Neutral and negative interactions
1.4 Microbiology of rumen ecosystem

UNIT 2: Aeromicrobiology 06
2.1 Introduction and importance of airborne pathogen, toxins, aerosols, natural
aerosols
2.2 Aeromicrobiological pathway and microbial survival in air
2.3 Extra and intramural aeromicrobiology
2.4 Bioaerosol control and biosafety in the laboratory

UNIT 3: Soil Microbiology 08

3.1 Physical and chemical properties of soil
3.2 Microorganisms in soil
3.3 Microbiological analysis of soil
3.4 Rhizosphere and phyllosphere microflora
3.5 Soil microorganisms associations with vascular plants
3.6 Nitrogen fixation

UNIT 4: Water Microbiology 07

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Microbiological standards and analysis for drinking water
4.3 Microbiological standards and analysis for sanitary water.
4.4 Role of indicator organisms in water
Books:
1. Prescott’s Microbiology – J. Wiley, L. Sherwood, C. Woolverton, 8 th Edition, 2007,
McGraw-Hill.
2. Microbiology – M. J. Pelczar and E. C. S. Chan, 5 th Edition, 1998, Tata-McGraw-Hill
3. Environmental microbiology - R. M. Maier, 2 nd Edition, 2008, Elsevier.
4. Soil Microbiology – N. S. Subba Rao, 4th Edition, 1999, Oxford & IBH.
5. Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications – S. S. Purohit, 7th Edition, 2007,
Agrobios
6. Microbiology: An Introduction – G. J. Tortora and B. R. Funke, 9 th Edition, 2006,
Benjamin Cummings.

PRACTICAL XIV

1. Assessment of air-solid settling plate technique.

2. (A) Isolation of nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixing aerobic bacteria- Azotobacter spp.
(B) Isolation of nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixing anaerobic bacteria- Clostridium spp.
(C) Isolation of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria Rhizobium spp. from root nodules of
legume plants
3. Bacteriological analysis of water. (quantitative, presence-absence test, detection &
enumerations of C.F.)
4. Study of faecal indicator bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) by membrane filter technique
in water. (1 biochemical test)
 Semester V
CORE - I
PAPER - V
Env 505 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XV
BIODIVERSITY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OBJECTIVES: This paper intends to deal with basic concepts and importance of biodiversity its
species and speciation molecular tools for biodiversity studies and recent status of biodiversity.
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours:
30
UNIT 1: Biodiversity: Basic concepts and importance
08
1.5 Introduction to biodiversity
1.6 Genetic, ecological and physical biodiversity
1.7 Components of biodiversity
1.8 Biodiversity and evolution
1.9 Magnitude of biodiversity
1.10 Ex situ and In situ conservation

UNIT 2: Species and Speciation

08
2.1 Taxonomic hierarchy and concept of species
2.5 Speciation and its types
2.6 Species diversified
2.7 Impact of climate change and global warming on speciation
2.8 Overexploitation of species
2.9 Dodo (Raphus cuullatus) history
2.10 Geographical variation and extinction of speciation
2.11 Anagenesis and Cladogenesis

UNIT 3: Molecular tools for diversity studies

07
Principle and Applications of
3.1 DNA barcoding
3.7 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
3.8 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
3.9 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
3.10 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR)
3.11 Denaturing Gradient Gel electrophoresis (DGGE)
3.12 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)
3.13 Importance and applications of molecular markers in biodiversity studies
UNIT 4: Recent biodiversity status
07
4.5 Biodiversity values in food, agriculture, medicine and industry
4.6 Biodiversity threatened - Extinction causes
4.3 Case studies - Destruction of forests, exotic species
4.4 Concept of threatened species and their reasons, IUCN Red List
4.5 Threatened species - Mammals, reptiles, birds, plants and seaweeds
4.6 Biodiversity hotspots
4.7 Importance, awareness and goals of biodiversity conservation
4.8 Biodiversity- Future aspects

Books:

1. Biodiversity: The abundance of life - Jenny Chapman and Michael Roberts,

1st Edition,1997, Cambridge university Press.
2. An advanced textbook on biodiversity: Principle and Practice – K. V. Krishnamurthy,
2nd Edition, 2009, Oxford and IBH India Publishing, New Delhi.
3. Biodiversity and its conservation in India- S. S. Negi, 1 st Edition, 1993, Indus
publishing, New Delhi.
4. Introduction to biodiversity – D. K. Belsare, 1 st Edition,2007, APH Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi.
5. Environmental Biotechnology – M. H. Fulekar, 1 st Edition, 2010, Science Publishers.
6. Principles of gene manipulation – S. B. Primrose., Richard Twyman and Bob Old,
6th Edition, 2001, Blackwell Publishing.
7. Textbook of biodiversity – K. V. Krishnamurthy, 1st Edition, 2003, Science Publishers.

PRACTICAL – XV

1. Isolation of Total DNA from bacteria.

2. Isolation of Total DNA from plants.
3. Isolation of Total DNA from eukaryotic cell.
4. Study of biological hotspots of South Gujarat, India.
 Semester V
CORE - I
PAPER – VI
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 506: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - XVI
ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with public health concerned with aspects of the natural
and built environment that may affect human health.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1 Environment and human health 08
1.10 Human systems
1.11 Principles of communicable disease
1.12 Health implications of new technology
1.13 Epidemiological principles
UNIT 2 Occupational environment 06
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Interrelated phases of occupational health and safety
2.3 Occupational health control
2.4 Occupational health and safety program
UNIT 3 Health and diseases 07
3.1 Water borne disease
3.2 Air borne disease
3.3 Vector borne disease
3.4 Food borne disease
UNIT 4 Urbanization and health 09
4.1 Pollution and health
4.1.1 Urbanization
4.1.2 Industrialization
4.2 Disaster and health
4.2.1 Natural disaster
4.2.2 Manmade disaster
Books:
1. Environmental Health Vol. 1 – H. Koren and M. Bisesi, 4th Edition, 2003, Lewis Publishers.
2. Environmental Health Vol. – H. Koren and M. Bisesi, 4th Edition, 2003, Lewis Publishers.
3. Environmental Chemistry – A. K. De, 7th Edition, 2015, New Age International Publishers.

PRACTICAL - XVI

1. To isolate and identify microbial organisms in air.

2. To determine microbial organisms in water.
3. To determine physical properties of water.
4. To determine chlorine dose for water supply.
 Semester V
PAPER –IDS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND LAW
__________________________________________________________________________
OBJECTIVES: The paper deals with law, policies, control and management of air pollution, water
pollution, solid & hazardous waste and forest.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Total Hours: 30
UNIT-1 Indian law and policies for environment-I(Pollution) 07
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Water prevention and control of pollution act, 1974, 1981
1.3 Air prevention and control of pollution act, 1981
1.4 Environment protection act, 1986
1.5 Factories act, 1948

UNIT-2 Indian law and policies for environment-II (Forest) 08

2.1 Indian Forest Act, 1927
2.2 Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
2.3 Forest Conservation Act, 1980
2.4 Biodiversity Act, 2002
2.5 National Green Tribunal Act, 2010

UNIT-3 Indian law and policies for environment-III (Management) 08

3.1 Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling Rules), 2000
3.2 Hazardous waste management handling and trans-boundary movement, 2008
3.3 Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules,1998
3.4 Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999
3.5 E-waste Management and Handling Rules, 2011
3.6 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

UNIT-4 Environment Audit and Environment Impact Assessment 07

4.1 Introduction to EIA and EA
4.2 Methodology of EIA and limitation
4.3 Environmental Risk Assessment
4.4 Audit Methodology
4.5 EA report
4.6 Benefits of Environmental Audit
 Books:
1. Handbook of Environmental Laws – P. B. Sahasranaman, 2 nd Edition, 2012, Oxford
University Press.
2. Environmental Law Case Book – P. Leelakrishnan, 2 nd Edition, 2006, Lexis Nexis.
3. Environmental Protection and the Law – A. Gadekar and N. Solanki, 1 st Edition, 2015,
A.P.H. Publishing Corporation.
4. Environmental Regulation, Law, Science and Policy – R. V. Percival, 1 st Edition, 1992,
Little Brown & Comp.
VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
SURAT

B. Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Semester - VI
SYLLABUS

With Effect from 2016-17

 Semester VI
CORE - I
PAPER – I
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 601: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XVII
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with the basic components and principles of physical
environmental geology along with the interactions between geologic processes, ecological processes
and society.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours: 30

UNIT 1 Plate tectonics 09

1.1 Structure of earth
1.2 History of tectonics
1.3 Theory of tectonics
1.4 Seafloor spreading
1.5 Pangaea and present continents

UNIT 2 Natural hazards 09

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Earthquakes
2.3 Volcanoes
2.4 Tsunami
2.5 Rivers and flooding

UNIT 3 Mining and environment 06

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Effects of mining on environment
3.3 Impact of mining in society
3.4 Environmental impact of coal industry
3.5 Reclamation
UNIT 4 Petroleum Geology 06
4.1 History of petroleum exploration
4.2 Physical & chemical properties of petroleum
4.3 Well drilling
4.4 Geophysical methods of exploration
4.5 Non-conventional petroleum resources – Oil Shale, Tar sand, Shale gas,
Hydrocarbon (Plastic/Solid)

Books:
1. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology - R. V.,Sagar 1st Edition, 2014, Anmol
Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2. Physical Geography and the Environment - J.Holden , 3rd Edition, 2012 Pearson
Publishers.
3. Introduction to Environmental Geology - E. A.Keller, 5 th Edition, 2012, Pearson
Publishers.
4. General Geology - Kailash R., 1st Edition, 2014, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.
5. Elements of Petroleum Geology – Selley R. C., 2nd Edition, 1998, Academic Press.

PRACTICAL – XVII

1. To indicate presence of unsaturated hydrocarbons in environmental samples.

2. To indicate presence of saturated hydrocarbons in environmental samples.
3. Sampling plan for geological samples.
4. To study Topographic Maps.

Semester VI
CORE - I
 PAPER – II
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 602 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XVIII
INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with various instrumental techniques i.e. electro-analysis,
spectroscopy and chromatography analysis required in different area of environmental monitoring.
____________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1 Electrometric analysis 06
1.1 Principle, Instrumental set up and Applications
1.1.1 pH
1.1.2 Ion Selective Electrodes
1.1.3 Conductivity meter

UNIT 2 Spectroscopy 09
2.1 Introduction: EMR regions, energy changes
2.2 Principle, Instrumental set up and Applications
2.2.1 Flame Photometer
2.2.2 Colorimeter
2.2.3 Spectrophotometer
2.2.4 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

UNIT 3 Gas Chromatography 09

3.1 Principle, Instrumental set up and Applications
3.1.1 Gas Solid Chromatography
3.1.2 Gas Liquid Chromatography
3.2 Factors affecting GC separation

UNIT 4 Liquid Chromatography 06

4.1 Principle, Instrumental set up and Applications
4.1.1 High Performance Liquid Chromatography
4.1.2 Ion Exchange Chromatography

Books:
1. Principles of Instrumental Analysis , D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler, and S.R. Crouche,
11th Edition, 2012, Cengage Learning
2. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, H.H. Willard, L.L. Meritt and J.A. Dean,7 th Edition
1 st Edition, 1986, CBS Publishers
3. Analytical Instrumentation, G. Currell, 1st Edition, 2002, (1st Reprint, 2010) , Wiley India
4. Handbook of Analytical Instruments, R.S. Khandpur, 2 nd Edition, 2006,(3rd Reprint,
2008) Tata Mc Graw Hill publications
5. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, B.K. Sharma, 24 th Edition, 2005, Krishna Prakashan.
6. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, H. Kaur,8 th Edition,2012, Pragati Prakashan
7. Environmental Chemistry, H. Kaur, 9th Edition, 2015, Pragati Prakashan

PRACTICAL – XVIII

1. To determine divalent metal ion ( Fe+2) of water sample.

2. To determine trivalent metal ion (Al+3) of water sample.
3. To determine hexavalent metal ion (Cr+6) of water sample.
4. To determine monovalent anion (NO2 -1) of water sample.
5. To determine divalent anion (SO4 -2) of water sample.
6. To determine trivalent anion (PO4 -3) of water sample.

Semester VI
CORE - I
PAPER – III
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Env 603 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XIX
GREEN CHEMISTRY
OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with Green chemistry & use of this chemistry for pollution
prevention by environmentally conscious design of chemical products and processes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1 Green Chemistry-I 06
1.1 Green chemistry : Definition & Introduction
1.2 Need for green chemistry
1.3 Sustainability and cleaner product
1.4 Green chemistry & Eco-efficiency
1.5 Principles of Green chemistry
1.6 Examples of green chemistry
1.6.1 Supra molecular chemistry
1.6.2 Natural Product synthesis
1.6.3 Laboratory chemicals
1.6.4 Organometallic chemicals
1.6.5 The future of green chemistry

UNIT 2 Green Chemistry-II 09

2.1. Concept of Atom Economy
2.2 Atom Economy in a Substitution Reaction, Elimination Reaction,
Addition Reaction, Rearrangement Reaction
2.3 The concept of Atom Economy in chemical synthesis.
2.4. Tools green chemistry
2.4.1 Green starting materials & Reaction Media.
2.4.2 Green catalysts
2.4.3 Green reactions
2.4.4 Green Reaction conditions
2.4.5 Green chemical products
2.4.6 Use of Renewable feed stock.

UNIT 3 Waste Management and application of Green Technology 06

3.1 Sources and types of waste.
3.2 Waste treatment and disposal: Integrated waste Management &
supercritical oxidation of waste.
3.3 Integrated waste management of plastics: Illustration of 4R’s

UNIT 4 Microwave Technology-A step towards green chemistry 06

4.1 Theory of microwave heating
4.2 Reaction vessel choice
4.3 Techniques in MORE chemistry
4.4 Applications of dry media synthesis
4.5 Applications of solvent mediated reactions
4.6 Applications of PTC in MORE chemistry.
4.7 Laboratory applications & other important application of MORE chemistry
4.8 Industrial Manufacture of fine chemicals & advantage of MORE chemistry.

Books:
1. Green Chemistry: Environmentally Benign Reactions- Editor: V. K. Ahluwalia , 1st Edition 2009,
New Delhi Ane books
2. Chemisty of green environment- M. M.Srivastava and R. Sanghai,1st Edition, 2011, Narosa
publishing house, New Delhi
3. Introductory green chemistry- J. N. Gurtu and A. Gurtu, 1st Edition, 2012, Pragati Prakashan,
India.
4. Green Chemistry: Environment friendly alternatives - R. Sanghai and M. M. Srivastava, 1st
Edition, 2012, Narosa publishing house, New Delhi
5. Environment chemistry with Green chemistry - A. Das, 1st Edition, 2012, Books and Allied pvt.
ltd.

PRACTICALS – XIX
1. Determination of amount of ascorbic acid in a vitamin C tablet by redox titration
2. Separation of food dyes by paper chromatography
3. Determining the percent of water in epsom salt
4. Organic preparations
(a) Preparation of Acetanilide from Aniline
(b)Synthesis of Adipic acid from cyclobenzene
5. Green procedure for organic qualitative analysis. Detection of N,S, Cl, Br
Semester VI
CORE - I
PAPER – IV
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 604 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE -XX
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT

OBJECTIVES:
The paper intends to deal with industrial wastewater analysis: physical and chemical characteristics;
sources and characteristics of wastewater of some industries; treatment methods and working of CETP.
____________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours: 30

UNIT 1 Industrial Wastewater and its analysis 08

1.1 Collection and Preservation of wastewater
1.2 Analysis of wastewater:
1.2.1 Physical characteristics: Color, Odor, Temperature, Turbidity, Specific
Conductivity, Total solids
1.2.2 Chemical characteristics: pH, Oil and grease, Hardness, Chlorides,
Sulphates, Phosphate, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammoniacal nitrogen, Heavy metals, DO,
COD, BOD, TOC

UNIT 2 Sources and Characteristics of Waste water of different industries 10

2.1 Sources of waste water from industries: Sugar, Textiles, Distillery,
Fertilizers, Dairy, Pharmaceuticals
2.2 Characteristics of waste water from industries: Sugar, Textiles, Distillery,
Fertilizers, Dairy, Pharmaceuticals
2.3 Indian standards related to disposal of treated effluents

UNIT 3 Treatment of industrial waste water 10

3.1 Physical methods: Screening, Sedimentation and Floatation, Equalization,
Proportioning, Adsorption, Gas transfer
3.2 Chemical methods: Neutralization, Coagulation, Precipitation, Oxidation and
Reduction, Electrolysis, Ion exchange
3.3 Biological methods:
3.3.1 Aerobic processes: Lagooning, Trickling filter, Activated sludge
3.3.2 Anaerobic processes: Anaerobic Digestion process, Up flow anaerobic
sludge bed reactor process

UNIT 4 Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) 02

 4.1 Basis and advantages of CETP
4.2. Treatment units at Effluent Treatment Plant: Raw effluent pump house,
Equalization tank, Neutralization tank, Settling tank, Aerobic
biological treatment, Sludge collection and disposal, Anaerobic digestion
Books:
1. Environmental Pollution and Control in Chemical Industries - S. C. Bhatia, 2 nd Edition,
2014, Khanna Publishers.
2. Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering – G.S. Birdie and J.S. Birdie, 9 th Edition, 2014,
Dhanpat Rai and Son Publishers.
3. Environmental Chemistry - H. Kaur, 8th Edition, 2014, Pragati Prakashan
4. Environmental Chemistry - S.E. Manahan, 9 th Edition, 2010, CRC Press
5. Wastewater Treatment - M.N. Rao and A.K. Datta, 3rd Edition, 2013, Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
6. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse – G. Tchobanoglouse, F.L. Burton and H.
D. Stensel, Metcalf and Eddy, 4th Edition, 2003, TataMcGraw Hill
7. Industrial Wastewater Treatment - A.D. Patwardhan, 5 th Edition, 2013, PHI Learning.
8. Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, A.D. Eaton, L.S.
Clesceri, E.W. Rice, A. Greenberg, 22nd Edition, 2012, APHA, AWWA, WEF

PRACTICALS – XX

1. To determine amount of nitrite in industrial waste water sample

2. To determine amount of nitrate in industrial waste water sample
3. To determine amount of chloride in industrial waste water sample
4. To determine amount of Oil and Grease in industrial waste water sample
5. To determine amount of total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and total
solids in industrial waste water sample

Semester VI
 CORE - I
PAPER - V
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 605: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XXI
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

OBJECTIVES: Environmental Biotechnology is the study of applications of living organisms to

improve environment health. These improvement methods often include treatment, degradation and
removal of contaminated waste and remediation of soils. Due to its applications, study of environmental
biotechnology is essential in today’s industrial era.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

Total Hours: 30

UNIT 1 Introduction and methods in environmental biotechnology 07

1.1 Introduction and scope of environmental biotechnology
1.2 Role of environmental biotechnology in management of environmental problems
1.3 Detection of environmental pollution: Cell biological, molecular biological
and biosensor based methods
1.5 Abatement of CO2 pollution using algal biomass
1.6 Bioquenching of toxic metals

UNIT 2 Bioremediation and Phytoremediation 09

2.1 Introduction, constraints and priorities of Bioremediation
2.2 Types of bioremediation
2.3 Solid and liquid phase bioremediation
2.4 Introduction and types of phytoremediation
2.5 Factors influencing Phytoremediation
2.6 Success story of bioremediation in India - Oilzapper developed by TERI, New Delhi

UNIT 3 Role of genetic engineering in Environmental Biotechnology 07

3.1 Basic techniques in genetic engineering
3.2 Introduction to plasmid and phage vector systems
3.3 Applications of genetic engineering in bioremediation
3.4 Genetically Engineered Microbes (GEMs) in Bio treatment of xenobiotics

UNIT 4 Emerging Environmental Biotechnologies 07

4.1 Biodegradation - Microbial basis of biodegradation
4.2 Biodegardation of herbicides and pesticides
4.3 Bioleaching
4.4 Microbial fuel cell
4.5 Biodegradable plastic
4.6 Environmental Nanotechnology and applications

Books:
1. Environmental Biotechnology: Basic concepts and applications - I. S. Thakur, 1 st Edition,
2006, IK International Publications, New Delhi
2. Environmental Biotechnology - M. H. Fulekar, 1 st Edition, 2010, Science Publishers,
CRC press, Taylor & Francis , USA
3. Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology - A. K. Chaterjee, 3 rd Edition, 2011, PHI
Publications, New Delhi, India
4. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications - B. Rittman and P. L.
McCarty, 2nd Edition, 2001, Tata McGraw-Hill publications, New Delhi
5. Environmental Biotechnology - A. Scragg, 2nd Edition, 2005, Oxford University Press
Inc., New York, USA
6. Principles of gene manipulation and genomics - S. B. Primrose and R. Twyman, 7 th
Edition, 2009, Blackwell Publishing, USA
7. Genetic Engineering: Principles and practice - S. Mitra, 2 nd Edition, 2015, McGraw Hill
Education (India) Private Limited, New Delhi

PRACTICALS - XXI

1. Isolation of plasmid DNA by miniprep method.

2. Study of heavy metal biosorption by using fungal biomass.
3. Isolation of xenobiotic (Phenol) degrading bacteria by selective enrichment technique.
4. Isolation of hydrocarbon (Diesel) degrading bacteria by selective enrichment technique.
Semester VI
CORE - I
PAPER – VI
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Env 606 : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – XXII
ECOINFORMATICS
OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with the approaches of information technology
in environment science.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Total Hours: 30
UNIT 1 Ecoinformatics: An Introduction to Ecological Data & Information 08
1.1 Introduction to information and informatics, bioinformatics
1.2 Online resources for managing ecological data and information
1.3 Ecoinformatics centre
1.4 Database and its types
1.5 Information Retrieval from Biological Databases

UNIT 2 Ecological analysis 07

2.1 Analysis tools and products
2.2 Geostrategies (GBR)
2.3 Geospatial infrastructure database (ASPRS, TERRA)

UNIT 3 Ecological knowledge system 08

3.1 Introduction to concept mapper: SEEK, VEGBANK
3.2 SEEK software
3.3 Analysis and modeling

UNIT 4 Ecosystem visualization and taxonomic hierarchies 07

4.1 Introduction to Spire, ELVIS
4.2 ELVIS tools
4.2.1 Species list constructor
4.2.2 Food Web constructor
4.2.3 Evidence Provider
4.3 Ontology Tool (SPOTTER)

Books:
1. Essential Bioinformatics - J. Xiong, 2nd Edition, 2009, Cambridge University Press, New
York, USA.
2. Bioinformatics - M. M. Ranga, 2nd Edition, 2008, Agrobios.
3. Bioinformatics: A Biologist’s guide to Biocomputing and Internet - M. S. Brown, 1 st
Edition, 2000, Eaton Publishing, Natick, USA.
4. Ecoinformatics: Tools and Techniques - R. A. Reddy, 1 st Edition, 2009, SBS Publishers,
New Delhi.
 PRACTICAL - XXII

1. Plant data retrieval from Veg Bank database.

2. Algae data retrieval from Algal base database.
3. Study of food web from PEaCE Lab database tool.( foodwebs.org/)
4. IUCN data retrieval from IUCN red list database.
5. IUCN data retrieval from image database WDPA dataset.
 Semester VI
IDS: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECOTOURISM
OBJECTIVES: The paper intends to deal with the approaches of entrepreneurship in
environment science.

Total Hours: 30

UNIT 1 Entrepreneurship: An Introductory 08

1.1 Introduction Entrepreneurship
1.2 Concept of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship in India, Case Studies
1.3 Theories of Entrepreneurship
1.4 Nature and importance of Entrepreneurship

UNIT 2 Ecotourism 07
2.1 Introduction of Ecotourism
2.2 Sustainability’s Components Economic Footprint
2.3 Basics of Ecotourism
2.4 Key strategies for development of ecotourism

UNIT 3 Tourism and Natural Resource Management 08

3.1 Recent and future Trends in Tourism
3.2 Economic benefits and impacts of tourism
3.3 Economic Values, Revenues and Management Systems
3.4 Systems for estimating Local Economic impacts

UNIT 4 Legal and Tax issues for Entrepreneurship 07

4.1 Legal and tax considerations
4.2 Tax Issues
4.3 Stages of Entrepreneurial Financing
4.4 Types of Entrepreneurial Financing
4.5 Business opportunities in India

Books:
1. The dynamics of entrepreneurial development and management - V. Desai, 7 th Edition,
2011, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
2. Entrepreneurship- N. Johri, 1st Edition, 2014, Random Publications, New Delhi, India.
3. An introduction to ecotourism - A. Chauhan, 1st Edition, 2014, Anmol Publications Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, India.
4. Fundamentals of ecotourism - A. Shrivastava, 1st Edition, 2014, Anmol Publications Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, India.