BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO

First Semester: S.Y. 22-23

Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT

SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO

VIRGILIO ENRIQUEZ • “One Psychology Fits all Mentality”

o “Ganito kami, ganyan din kayao” (unibersal,
• Doc E.
nomotetiko)
• Ininuturing a AMA ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino
• Pambanasang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino
B. THE DANGERS OF BLIND FAITH IN WESTERN
• From Balagtas, Bulacan
PSYCHOLOGY
ANO ANG SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO?
• Ito ang ang siyentipikong pag-aaral ng kahulugan ng lahi,
lipunan, kultura ng mga tao at aplikasyon sa
makasikolohiyang pagsasanay ng kaalaman sa ugat,
kamalayan, at pamana ng ating lahing Pilipino.

PAGKAKAIA NG PAG AARAL NG SIKOLOHIYA SA

PILIPINAS
• Pagsakop ng mga dayunan
o Kastila, Hapon at Amerikano
o kamalayan, kasanayan, kultura at pag uugali CONSEQUENCES OF COPYCAT PSYCHOLOGY
• Pakikipagkalakalan sa mga dayuhan
● MARGINALIZATION or EXCLUSION of Local Experiences
o Paniniwala at kasabihan
● DISTORTION in the understanding of local experiences
● ALIENATION: Psychology removed from experiences of the
A. WHY STUDYING SIKILOHIYANG FILIPINO ordinary Filipino
MATTERS?

“Kasali Tayo”
• Creates a more inclusive Psychology

“Hindi naman yata sa mga Filipino”

• Corrects the biases of a dominantly Euro-American
Psychology

“Alamin natin”
• Exapands the Knowledge base of Psychology C. ALL PSYCHOLOGY IS INDIGENOUS
1. Developed from within a culture
B. WHY TEACHING/STUDYING SIKOLOHIYANG 2. Reflect local behavior
FILIPINO MATTERS FOR FILIPINOS? 3. Understood using local frame of reference
4. Produces knowledge that is meaningful and relevant to the
“Kilala ba natin ang Filipino?” culture
• Gives us more opportunities to understand ourselves as PSYCHOLOGY IS INDIGENOUS IF…
Filipinos
• Can be an instrument of Decolonization • It is developed from within the culture
o Ex. Salimpusa/saling-pusa, Pagmamalaki/Taking
ASSUMPTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY pride
• It reflects local behaviors
A. PSYCHOLOGY AS WEIRD o Ex. Pakikisama, Balikbayan
• Western, Educated (English-speaking), • It can understand behaviors using local frame of
• Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic Countries reference
o Ex. Using the concept of kapwa in understanding
how Filifinos view failure or success
• It produces knowledge that is meaningful and relevant
to the culture
o Ex. Our own Psychology (Sikolohiyang Pilipino)

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JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT

INDIGENOUS PSYCHOLOGIES HAVE DEVELOPED IN

VARIOUS WAYS D. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES HAS NOT
YET FULLY INDIGENIZED

INDIGENIZATION
• The process of transforming psychology to reflect local culture

INDIGENIZATION FROM WITHOUT

• Contributions from WEIRD psychology are contextualized
within Filipino Culture

INDIGENOUS PSYCHOLOGIES HAVE VARIOUS FORMS INDIGENIZATION FROM WITHIN

• Local culture as resource; integrating local knowledge
systems into formal psychological knowledge base

E. CULTURE AS AN ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE IN SP

• CULTURE
o The set of ideas that coordinate the actions and
construct the meaning of a group of people

F. WORLD AS AN ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK OF

CULTURE

WORLD VIEW AS VALUE ORIENTATIONS

(KLUCKHOLM AT STRODTBECK, 1961)

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JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT

G. THE SP COURSE SHOULD ALSO ACCOUNT THE

DIVERSITY OF THE FILIPINO EXPERIENCE
• It is important for the course to emphasize that Filipinos may
differ as a function of being immersed in different cultural
contexts: social class, age, gender, sexual orientation,
religion, ideology.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Recognize that colonial nature of psychology in the
Philippines ang the limitations of WEIRD psychology.
• Discuss the nature of Sikolohiyang Pilipino as an
indigenous psychology.
• Understand how Filipino psyches are shaped by our cultural
contexts.
• Appreciate the diversity of Filipino cultural experiences.

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JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT
PAGKILALA SA SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
WHAT IS FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY?
• Filipino Psychology is defined as the psychology rooted on
the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the
Filipinos.
• It is a scientific study of ethnicity, society and culture of
people and the application to psychological practice of
indigenous knowledge rooted in the people’s ethnic
heritage and consciousness.
• Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology) refers to the
psychology born out of the experience, thought and
orientation of the Filipinos based on the full use of Filipino
culture and language.
• …the study of diwa (psyche).” - refers to the wealth of ideas
referred to by the philosophical concept of “essence” and
an entire psychological concept from awareness to motives
to behavior.
• The approach is one of the “indigenization from within”,
also termed as cultural revalidation, whereby the
theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the
experiences of people from the indigenous culture.
• It is based on assessing historical and socio-cultural
realities, understanding the local language, unraveling
Filipino characteristics, and explaining them through the
eyes of native Filipino.
A. HISTORY
• The roots of History Psychology can be traced back to the
introduction of the American education system in the
Philippines. Agustin Alonzo was among the first Filipino
psychologist to return from his education in America (1925)
to teach at the College of Education in the University of the
Philippines.
• On 1960s, Filipino intellectuals and scholars were already
aware of the limitations and inapplicability of Western
Psychology.
• During the 1970s. or during the reign of Marcos, Filipino
Psychology started to emerge.
FATHER OF FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
• Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez
o Also known as Doc E, is the Father of Filipino
Psychology "Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino". He was
born on November 24, 1942 at Santol, Balagtas
formally Bigaa, Bulacan. He is the founder of the
Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino,
(corporate name: National Association for Sikolohiyang
Pilipino, Inc.).
o Born in the Province of Bulacan
o Father of Filipino Psychology
o Formerly initiated into Psychology in 1963 when he
started teaching at the University of the Philippines
(UP) Pursued his masters in the US in 1966
o Obtained his Ph.D. in Social Psychology from
Northwestern University, USA
o Together with Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, they embarked
on research into historical and cultural roots of
Philippine Psychology
JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
o In 1975, he chaired the Unang Pambansang
Kumperensya sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (First National
Conference in Filipino Psychology
o Authored several publications in indigenous
psychology, Filipino personality, psychology of
language and politics, philosophy and values, cross-
cultural psychology and pilipinolohiya.
o Received numerous awards, recognitions, and grants
both in the Philippines and internationally.
o Enriquez returned from his studies to the Philippines in
1971 and established the Philippine Psychology
Research House.
o In 1975, the very first annual national conference on
the Filipino Psychology was held by the Pambansang
Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP) marking the
formalization of Filipino Psychology.
FORMS OF FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY HISTORY
A. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
(SIKOLOHOYA SA PILIPINAS)
• It refers to a series of events related to the field of
psychology in the Philippines.
• Ito ang pinakamalaki o kabuuang anyo ng sikolohiya sa
kontekstong Pilipino.
• Ito rin ay tumutukoy sa lahat ng mga pagaaral, libro, at
sikolohiyang makikita sa Pilipinas, banyaga man o
makapilipino.
B. PSYCHOLOGY OF THE FILIPINOS
(SIKOLOHOYA NG MGA PILIPINO)
• It refers to any theories or knowledge of Filipino nature
regardless of source, western or local.
• Ito ang palasak na anyo sapagkat pinakakaraniwan o
pinakamadali makita.
• Ito rin ay tumutukoy sa pananaliksik, pagaaral at mga
konsepto sa sikolohiya na may kinalaman sa mga Pilipino.
C. FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
• It refers to a psychology based of the Filipino’s true
thoughts, feelings, behavior, and must derived from
indigenous Filipino sources, language and method.
• Nilalayong anyo, sikolohiyang bunga ng karanasan,
kaisipan at oryentasyong Pilipino.
4 FILIATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Zeus Salazar (1985), a historian, later examined the
history of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and came up with a
description of the four filiations of Philippine psychology:
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 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT
A. ACADEMIC-SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY
(SIKOLOHIYANG AKADEMIKO-SIYENTIPIKO)
• The Western tradition –
o This follows the American-oriented psychological
tradition that can be traced back to Wilhelm Wundt in
1876. It was introduced in the Philippines through
formal American education system in universities.
B. ACADEMIC-PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(SIKOLOHIYANG AKADEMIKO-PILOSOPIKAL)
• The Clerical Tradition (Clergy) –
o This was started by priest-professors at the University
of Santo Tomas during the 17th century Spanish era.
This tradition originally came from the writings of the
preachers and monks in philosophy and "pre-scientific"
Spanish elites and would later join with the American-
oriented scientific psychology
C. ETHNIC PSYCHOLOGY
(SIKOLOHIYANG KATUTUBO)
• This is the Philippine indigenous psychology in the sense
that this includes the frame of psychological reasoning,
enculturation practices, beliefs, and proto-clinical practices
that can be culled from language, literature, myths, legends,
etc. This also includes psychological systems worked out
by Filipinos with Filipino indigenous elements as basis (eg.
Hermano Pule, Rizal, Isabelo de los Reyes, Kalaw, etc.)
and Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (Psychology of the Filipino)
as formulated by Virgilio Enriquez.
D. PSYCHO-MEDICAL SYSTEM WITH RELIGION
(SISTEMANG SIKOMEDIKAL AT RELIHIYON)
• A psychological tradition that is closely related to ethnic
psychology. The psycho-medical tradition that has religion
as the basis and explanation. This includes the faith healing
practices of the babaylan and the katalonan. According to
Salazar, he believes that “no real healing could take place
if there were no common ideology or frame of reference…
understood and accepted by both healer and patient.
BASIC TENETS OF FILIPINO PSYHOLOGY
A. CORE VALUE OR KAPWA
(SHARED INNER SELF)
• Kapwa is the core construct of the Filipino Psychology.
Kapwa has two categories, Ibang Tao and Hindi Ibang Tao.
IBANG TAO (OUTSIDER)
• There are Five interaction levels under this category:
o Pakikitungo: Civility –
▪ Right behavior meant right demeanor towards
authorities (Parents, Elders, etc.)
o Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing –
▪ This is a social value that is primarily
communitarian. It espouses the ability to
adapt.
o Pakikilahok: act of joining –
▪ This translates to participation of the entire
community to help a person.
JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
o Pakikibagay: conformity –
▪ This runs into conflict with individuality which
many Filipinos in fact willingly throw away in
favor of conformity with demands of those
who are in charge.
o Pakikisama: being united with the group.
HINDI IBANG TAO (ONE OF US)
• There are three interaction levels under this category:
o Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: act of mutual trust
o Pakikisangkot: act of joining others
o Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others
B. PIVOTAL INTERPERSONAL VALUE OR
PAKIRAMDAM (SHARED INNER PERCEPTIONS)
• Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others’
emotions, as a basic tool to guide their dealings with other
people.
C. LINKING SOCIO-PERSONAL VALUE
KAGANDAHANG-LOOB (SHARED HUMANITY)
• This refers to being able to help other people in dire need
due to a perception of being together as a part of one
Filipino humanity.
D. ACCOMMODATIVE SURFACE VALUES
• Hiya: Loosely translated as 'shyness' by most Western
psychologists, hiya is actually 'sense of propriety'.
• Utang na loob: Norm of reciprocity. Filipinos are expected
by their neighbors to return favors—whether these were
asked for or not when it is needed or wanted.
• Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa: Smooth Interpersonal
Relationship, or SIR, as coined by Lynch (1961 and 1973).
This attitude is primary guided by conformity with the
majority.
E. CONFRONTATIVE SURFACE VALUES
• Bahala na: Bahala Na translates literally as "leave it up to
God (Bathala)" and it is used as an expression, almost
universally, in Filipino culture. Filipinos engage in the
bahala na attitude as a culture-influenced adaptive coping
strategy when faced with challenging situations.
• Lakas ng loob: This attitude is characterized by being
courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties.
• Pakikibaka: Literally in English, it means concurrent
clashes. It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake
revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy.
• Karangalan: Loosely translated to dignity, this actually
refers to what other people see in a person and how they
use that information to make a stand or judge about his/her
worth.
• Puri: the external aspect of dignity. May refer to how other
people judge a person of his/her worth. This compels a
common Filipino to conform to social norms, regardless
how obsolete they are.
• Dangal: the internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a
person judges his own worth.
• Katarungan: Loosely translated to justice, this actually
refers to equity in giving rewards to a person.
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 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT

• Kalayaan: Freedom and mobility. Ironically, this may clash

with the less important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay • Usog –
(conformity). o A concept that explains how a baby who has been
greeted by a stranger acquires a mysterious illness.
WHAT IS PSYCHOPATHOLOGY? Apparently derived from the Spanish tradition of Mal de
• Filipino psychopathology, or sikopatolohiya in Filipino, Ojo.
from Spanish psicopatologia, is the study of abnormal • Gabâor gabaa –
psychology in the Filipino context. Several mental disorders o The Visayan concept of negative Karma.
have been identified that culture-bound syndromes, and
can therefore be found only in the Philippines or in other C. POSITIVE VALUE
societies with which Filipinos share cultural connections. • Hospitality –
o This is one of the most popular qualities of Filipinos.
A. EXAMPLES Foreigners who have gone to the Philippines find
AMOK themselves falling in love with the warm hospitality they
• Malayan mood disorder, more aptly called "Austronesian are shown.
Mood Disorder", in which a person suddenly loses control • Respect –
of himself and goes into a killing frenzy, after which he/she o This is often observed—not just by younger people—
hallucinates and falls into a trance. After he/she wakes up, but also by people of all ages
he has absolutely no memory of the event. • Strong Family Ties and Religion –
o Yes. Filipinos value their families so much that they
BANGUNGOT tend to keep families intact through the generations.
• Generosity and Helpfulness –
• A relatively common occurrence in which a person suddenly o Filipinos are generous people. Even when we have
loses control of his respiration and digestion, and falls into very little, we always share with those around us.
coma and ultimately to death. The person is believed to
• Strong Work Ethics –
dream of falling into a deep abyss at onset of his death. This o Yes, we are hardworking people to the point that we
syndrome has been repeatedly linked to Thailand’s are willing to work almost the whole day just to feed our
Brugada syndrome and to the ingestion of rice. However,
families.
no such medical ties have been proven.
• Love and Caring –
o This is so true! Filipinos are the sweetest and most
B. MANIFESTATION OF UNIVERSAL MENTAL loving people in the world. I'm not just saying this
DISORDERS because I'm a Filipino; if you know us well, you will
• Filipino psychopathology also refers to the different soon figure this out.
manifestations of mental disorders in Filipino people. One
example of such is the manifestation of depression and D. NEGATIVE TRAITS
schizophrenia in Filipinos, which are, for the most part, less
• Crab Mentality –
violent.
o “If I can’t have it neither, can you!”
• Nigas-Kugon –
FILIPINO PSYCHOMEDICINE o “Leaving our work either half-baked or unfinished.”
• Hilot – • Mañana Habit –
o The use of massage to aid a pregnant mother in the o “Mamaya na” o “Bukas na lang.”
delivery of her child. • Filipino Time –
• Kulam – o “I’m not running late; I’m just running on Filipino Time.”
o Hex or bewitchment. “…minutes or hours behind the standard time.”
• Lihi – • Balat-sibuyas –
o An intense craving for something or someone during o “Filipinos are extra-sensitivity to insults.”
pregnancy. Faith healers or manghihilot testify that if • General Disregard for Rules –
the craving is not satisfied, abnormality of the child may o “Filipinos’ penchant for law-breaking.”
result. • Colonial Mentality –
• Pasma – o “a preference for all things foreign over our own”
o A concept that explains how init (heat) and lamig (cold) • Balikbayan Box Mentality –
together can result in illness, especially rheumatism. o “Exploitation or jealous of the success of the OFW”
• Susto – • Bahala na Attitude –
o Soul-flight. Derived from Latin American traditions. o “Bahala na si Batman”
• Pagtatawas – • Double Standards –
o A method of diagnosing illness wherein alum (called o “When a situation is desirable for one group but
tawas) is ritualistically used by the albularyo or deplorable for another.”
medicine man for diagnosis of a variety of health • Corruption –
conditions • Excessive Partying –
o “Celebrating like there is not tomorrow”

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JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT

• Amor Propio (Pride) –

o “I love Me”

E. POSITIVE TRAITS
• Palabra De Honor –
o “I’ll never hurt her; you have my word”
• Utang na Loob –
o “Give Back”

F. SUPERSTITIONS
• Fitting your wedding dress prior to your wedding day will
cost you your life.
• When someone sees you and you appear to be headless,
it means you’re about to die.
• When a woman sings while cooking, she will end up a
spinster.
• Saying “tao, tao po” while knocking at someone’s door is
more than just asking if there’s someone in the house.
• When three people pose for a picture, the one at the center
will be the first to die.
• Sweeping the floor at night will bring you bad luck.
• Oro, Plata, Mata.
• Crossing paths with a black cat is a bad omen.
• Bringing home food served at a wake or a funeral will bring
bad luck.
• If you’re coming from a wake, take a detour if you must, just
DON’T go home immediately.

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JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT
ANG BATAYAN NG SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO SA KULTURA AT KASAYSAYAN NI DR. VIRGILIO ENRIQUEZ
KATUTURAN NG MGA KATAWAGAN
A. SIKOLOHIYA
• Ang pag-aaral ng isip, diwa at asal.
B. SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
• Tungkol sa kamalayan na tumutukoy sa kanyang
damdamin’t kaalamang nararanasan.
• Tumutukoy sa kanyang ugali, kilos at asal.
• Kaluluwa at budhi.
C. SIKOLOHIYA SA PILIPINAS
• Bunga ng pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayaring may
kinalaman sa sikolohiya sa ating bayan.
D. SIKOLOHIYA NG MGA PILIPINO
• Ang bawat teorya ng sino mang nais mag-aral tungkol sa
kalikasan ng sikolohikal ng mga Pilipinong naninirahan sa
Pilipinas at maging sa ibang bansa.
TAHANAN (HOME)
• Isang lugar kung san ka nananahan, isang lugar kung saan
kumportable ka sa iyong sarili. Tumutulong na humubog sa
iyong pagkatao.
BAHAY (HOUSE)
• Isang istraktura kung saan doon ka tumitira ngunit hindi
masasabing makabuluhan o pangmatagalan.
BABAYLAN (TAGALOG)
• Isang taong may kakayahang mamagitan sa mga mundo
ng Espiritu.
CATALONAN (VISAYA)
• Ay ang katumbas ng Tagalog ng Visayan Babaylan.
PULAHANES
• Nagsasanay ng mga sinaunang kaalaman at paniniwala
gay ana lamang ng mga Derobio Eskrima na gumagamit ng
bolo at anting anting.
E. ACQUIESCENCE EFFECT
(EPEKTO NG PAGSANG-AYON
• isang teorya na nag-sasaad na ang tao ay maaaring
magbigay ng maling impormasyon hingil sa kanyang sarili
o kaalaman kapag ito a tinanong. Madalas positibo ang
pagsang-ayon kesa sa negatibo dahil sa ninanais ng tao na
makabuluhan ng pagtingin sa kanya ang taong
nagtatanong.
PAGKAKAIBA NG SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO SA
SIKOLOHIYA SA PILIPINAS
• Ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino ang maaring ihambing sa
salitang “Taumbahay” na may kahulugan na ang kanyang
kilos, pang unawa, damdamin, kaisipan ay umaayon sa
tamang tagapangasiwa ng bahay. Isang taong nawiwili
maging tagapag alaga ng isang tahanan.
JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
• Ang Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas ay maikukumpara sa salitang
“tao sa bahay” na ang ibig sabihin ay tao na nasa loob
lamang ng bahay. Masasabi na ang tao na nasa bahay ay
walang anumang obligasyon o kagustuhan sa
pangangasiwa sa tahanan.
• Masasabi na ang Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas ay mga teoryang
napag-aralan o pinagaralanng mga dalubhasang lokal o
banyaga noon at hanggang ngayon.
• Samantalang ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay ang buong
pagkatao ng mga Pilipino sa isip, sa salita at sa gawa na
hinubog ng kanyang karanasan sa kasaysayan at
oryentasyon.
ANIM (6) NA BATAYAN NG SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
AYON KAY DR. VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ
A. MGA BATAYAN SA KINAGISNANG SIKOLOHIYA
• Kinagisnang sikolohiyang Pilipino: babaylan catalonan,
mga dalangin at bulong, ng ibatibang etnikong grupo,
paglaganap at pagkilos ng mga Pulahanes.
• Sikolohiya sa literaturang Pilipino: ang mga salawikain,
epiko, alamat, kwentong bayan, awit, sawikain, korido
• Kaugaliang minana ng mga Pilipino: ugali at paniniwala
tungkol sa pag aaruga ng mga bata, dasal, okasyon.
B. ANG BATAYAN SA TAO AT SA KANYANG DIWA
• Batayan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay ang pagpapahalaga sa
tao at ang kanyang diwa.
• Dapat linawin na ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay bahagi at
kabahagi ng sikolohiya sa daigdig.
• Tomatasitikong pananaw na pinakalat ng Tomasitiko
(UST): sikolohiyang rasyonal na nagsimula kila Aristotle at
Descartes.
• Ayon sa manunulat na si Salazar (1974) dapat bigyan ng
pagpapahalaga ang pagtuturo ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino
kagaya ng lamang ng Teorya ng dalawang kaluluwa sa
pinaniniwalaan sa Pilipinas (binubuo ng diwa at katambal).
C. ANG BATAYAN SA PANAHON NG
PAGBABAGONG-ISIP (RENAISSANCE)
• Pedro Serano Laktaw; Isabelo Reyes, Antonio Luna
• ”Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos” – hinggil katamaran ng
mga Filipino ni Rizal
• “El Cristianismo y la Antigua Civilizacion Tagala” –
Paghahambing sa ating mga manunulat sa mga dayuhan ni
Paterno
• “Ninay” – isang nobelang panlipunan ni Ponce
• “Liwanag at Dilim”ni Jacinto
• Emilio Aguinaldo – psicologos del verbo Tagalog – ito ay
isang patibay na hindi dala ng mga Amerikano at Kastila
ang Sikolohiya sa bansa natin na para bang sinasabi na
dinanatnan ng mga dayuhan na mangmang ang mga
Pilipino
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 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT

D. BATAYAN SA PANAHON NG PAGPAPAHALAGA SA kasalukuyang panahon at patuloy na hinuhubog ang ugali,

KILOS AT KAKAYANAN NG TAO asal at diwa ng mga Pilipino.
• Ang mga pag-aaral nila Agustin Alonzo
(kaunaunahang nakapagtapos ng Master sa Sining ng
Sikolohiya sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas ay nag aral ng
sikolohiya sa damdamin at may impluwensya ng
dayuhang sikolohista na Thorndike (Bahaviorist).
• Kalaunan si Hartendorp ay kaunaunahang
Amerikanong nagpakita ng interes sa Sikolohiya ng
mga Negrito.
• Filipe (1969) ang moral na pangangailangang harapin
ang mga suliranin.
• Ang teorya ni Osias (1940) tungkol sa kaugnayan ng
wika sa lipunan ay ang halimbawa ng pag uugnay ng
kaalamang panglingwistika sa kilos ng tao.
• Ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay tiyak na may
mapanghahawakang mga tuwirang batayan.
Kabilang dito ang gawain nina Isidoro Panlasigui
(1952), Sinfroso Padilla (1961, 1963) at Alfredo
Lagmay (1964) na pawang nagpapahalaga sa kilos at
kakayanan ng tao. Ang mga kalakarang ito ay makikita
sa kasalukuyang panahon hindi lamang sa
Kamaynilaan kundi maging sa iba’t ibang dako ng
Pilipinas.

E. BATAYAN SA PANAHON NG PAGPAPAHALAGA SA

SULIRANIN NG LIPUNAN
• ldaba – Lim - nagbigay pagpapahalaga sa suliranin ng
lipunan. Madalas hinihikayat ang mga sikolohistang Pilipino
na makinig sa mga suliranin ng Lipunan.
• Hindi sapat na magkaroon ng mga teoretikal na kaalaman.
Kinakailangan na subukin ang mga obhetibo nito upang
magkaroon ng kabuluhan sa lipunan. Ang pananaliksik ay
nararapat na magkaroon ng mahusay na aplikasyon sa
lipunan. Ang kaalaman at pananaliksik ay lagi dapat
tungosa paglilingkod sa kapwa.

F. ANG BATAYAN SA WIKA, KULTURA AT PANANAW

NG PILIPINO
• Pinakapundamental na saligan ng mga batayang ito ay ang
pagpapahalaga sa wika, kultura at pananaw ng Pilipino.
• Isang napakahalangang batayan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino
ay ang wikang Pilipino at ang mga wikang katutubo sa
Pilipinas sapagkat ang wika ay isang mahalagang daluyang
maaring baguhin bilang saligan ng pananaliksik.
• Ang acquiescence effect ay naangkop na tawaging “epekto
ng pagtutol” kung pasasagutin ang mga Pilipino sa isang
pananaliksik.
• Ang sikolohiya ay isang unibersal na agham, samakatuwid
ang mga prinsipyong natuklasan sa agham na ito ay walang
kinikilalang bayan.

KONKLUSYON
• Ang anim (6) na batayan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay
lininang ng kanyang nakaraan, karanasan, at oryentasyon.
Bagamat may mga dayuhang paniniwala umangkop o
niyakap ng mga Pilipino ito ay patuloy na humahalo sa kung
sino nga ba ang mga Pilipino bago pa dumating ang mga
mananakop. Ang mga batayan na ito ay makikita pa rin sa

9
JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT
INDIGENOUS RESEARCH METHODS
RESEARCH APPROACHES IN
SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
A. THE DEVELPOMENT OF SIKOLOHIYANG
PILIPINO KNOWLEDGE
• Major goals of Sikolohiyang Pilipino
o Pagsasakatutubo (Indigenization)
o Pagka-agam (Science)
o Pagka-Pilipino (Filipino Indentity)
• The project of Sikolohiyang Pilipino
o Development of Indigenous Psychology
o Utilization of authentic research methods
o Creation of authentic and appropriate social
scientific psychology
B. RESEARCH APPROACHES
• Experimental – adherence to predetermined set of
procedures
• Survey – conform to an informal agreement with
Respondents
• Participatory – negotiate issues jointly as they arise
• Indigenous – seek to enhance awareness as one-with-the-
other
INDIGENOUS RESEARCH
• Cross-Indigenous Psychology fuses the modern and the
traditional i.e., using scientific methods and ensuring that
they are culturally appropriate.
• Sikolohiyang Pilipino utilizes and borrows concepts from
both the modern and traditional cultural systems.
A. APPROACHES IN THE DEVELOPMENT
&UTILIZATION OF INDIGENOUS VIEWPOINTS
• Indigenization from within basis: the indigenous direction:
outwards culture-as- source
• Indigenization from without basis: the exogenous direction:
inwards culture-as-target
INDIGENIZATION FROM WITHOUT
• Content indigenization translation of imported materials
• Theoretic indigenization
• Indigenization as strategy
• Culture assimilation
▪ happens when two culture or
groups of people influence one
another
– indigenous versions of imported systems
INDIGENIZATION FROM WITHIN
• Identification of indigenous concepts, methods,
theories
• Semantic elaboration (meaning of words)
• Indigenous codification re-codification (process of
arranging according to plan)
• Systematization/explication of implied theoretical
frameworks (process of analyzing)
• Application/use
JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
B. USING THE CULTURE AS SOURCE
• Indigenization from within
o Necessarily implies the need for cultural revalidation
o A demand for concepts and methods which are
culturally appropriate, scientifically valid.
RESEARCH MODELS
A. MODELS OF DATA COLLECTION
• Self-orientation Model –
o the data collector and contributors relate to the other
only to the extent of waiting until the other stops
responding,
e.g., laboratory-based studies of memory.
Communication is not taking place between them
through socially shared interpretations or common
constructs.
• Experimental-orientation Model –
o the data collectors appear to influence while only the
data contributors appear to be influenced,
e.g., Asch’s person perception study; an imbalance of
power in favor of data collectors who appear to define
the experimental situation.
• Reactive-orientation Model –
o the participants in the data collection are reacting to
what is currently taking place between them,
e.g., verbal conditioning research; yet the capacities of
both data contributors and collectors to construe are
assumed to be unimportant and are ignored.
• Mutual-orientation Model –
o the data collector and contributor give something to,
and gain something from the data collection,
e.g., Piaget’s early research on conservation.
Indigenous psychology research uses this model as
the cultural researcher is a culture bearer himself.
B. SANTIAGO-ENRIQUEZ RESEARCH MODEL
• RESEARCH-RESEARCHEE RELATIONSHIP MODEL
o Scale of the Researcher (Iskala ng Mananaliksik) –
▪ These are methods used by the researcher in
generating data that are tried and tested and are
culturally sensitive and appropriate in doing
research with Filipinos.
o Scale of the Relationship or Interaction between
the Researcher and the Researchee (Iskalang
Pagtutunguhan ngMananaliksik at Kalahok) –
▪ The level of interaction between the researcher
and the researchee significantly determines the
quality of data obtained.
10
 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT

o Level of Relationship – • Pakikibagay: pakikitulog at pakikikain.

▪ There are eight levels of interaction which range • Pakikiramdam at paninimbang: paraan at batayan
from the relatively uninvolved civility of pakikitungo ng pakikipagpalagayang-loob.
to the total sense of identification in pakikiisa. • Pakikiramdam, paggamit ng damdamin, mata at
These eight levels of interaction can be divided pandinig upang maintindihan o mabasa ang ibig
into two categories: the ibang-tao (outsider) and ipahiwatig ng kausap na ipinahahayag sa
the hindi ibang-tao (one-of-us). pamamagitan ng kilos, parinig at matalinhagang salita
▪ Ibang-tao category (outsider) (talas ng pakiramdam).
❖ pakikitungo (amenities, civility) • Pakikiramdam could serve as a personality
❖ pakikisalimuha (interaction) disposition, as a situational behavior, as a coping
❖ pakikilahok (participation joining) mechanism; closely related to many general
❖ pakikibagay (conforming) psychological concepts such as empathy and
❖ pakikisama (adjusting, being along with) sensitivity.
▪ Hindi ibang-tao category (one-of-us) • Paninimbang: damdamin at isipan (sentido komon)
❖ pakikipagpalagayang-loob (mutual trust) ang pinaiiral dito at panuman ang Namamasid o
❖ pakikisangkot (active involvement) nadama, o napakiramdaman
❖ pakikiisa (full trust) • Pamamaraan:
o panimulang pagsasanay
FILIPINO INDIGENOUS RESEARCH METHODS o paglalakbay at pakikisuno
• Collective Indigenous Method o paghimpil sa pook
o partakes of the characteristics of: o pagtingin-tingin sa maaaring
a community dialogue, focused group discussion, o panuluyan paghanap ng tulay
natural cluster interview, group attestation o pagdalaw sa pakikipanuluyan
o puts premium on: • Pagsasakatuparan
cultural appropriateness an ordinary get-together o pagbati at pagpapakilala
o pag-aayos ng mga dala-dalahan
A. APPROACH &TECHNIQUES o pakikipagpalagayan
• Pakapa-kapa (‘groping,’ a field method) o pagtulong-tulong
• Pagtatanong-tanong (asking questions) o pagpalit-palitang paggamit ng mga metodo
• Pakikiramdam (shared sensitivities) paggawa ng pananaliksik
• Pakikialam (concerned interference) o pamamaalam at pasasalamat
• Pakikilahok (participation) • Suliraning Etikal
• Pakikisangkot (integral involvement) o pagsasabi ng layunin ng pananaliksik
• Pagdalaw-dalaw (casual but repeated visits) o pagkasangkapan sa pagkakaibigan
o pagsasabi sa kinalabasan ng pananaliksik
B. SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO RESERCH APPROACHES o paghingi ng pahintulot
AND TECHNIQUES o pagtanaw ng utang na loob/pamemerwisyo
o pagbubunyag ng natuklasang katiwalian
PAKAPA-KAPA
PAGATATANONG-TANONG METHOD
• An approach characterized by groping, searching, probing
into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural data to • Pagtatanong-tanong, Filipino word for “asking questions,”
be able to obtain order, meaning, and directions for the repetition of ‘tanong’ to ‘tanongtanong’ indicates
research. seriousness of purpose, one is truly determined to get
• Implies an exploration into cultural, social or psychological answers to one’s questions.
data without the chains of overriding theoretical framework • Major Characteristics
borrowed from observations outside the focus of o Participatory in nature
investigation. o Equality of status
• can be related to unobtrusive techniques because the o Appropriate and adaptive
actual procedures for collecting information may range from o Integrated with other indigenous methods
observation, documentation, intervention, participation. • Preparation: pagtatanong-tanong is part of everyday
casual interaction, researcher must plan very well for
PANUNULUYAN APPROACH certain conditions, consider convenience and comfort of
informants, their background differences, language, norms,
• interaction techniques, levels of relationship mula values, and (history, within/between group activities,
paninimbang hanggang malalimang pakikipagpalagayang- policies).
loob.
• Panunuluyan: ang kontekstong pisikal at teknolohikal.
• Pakikipagkapwa: ang batayang panlipunan ng
pakikipanuluyan.
• Makataong pakikipag-ugnayan: pagdalaw, paninirahan,
pananahanan, pakikisuno.
11
JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B
 BS PSYCHOLOGY: SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
First Semester: S.Y. 22-23
Ms. Ella Margarita N. Malonzo, LPT

• Procedure of Pagtatanong-tanong o cluster as unit of analysis (pagsali sa likas na

o Get to know the people, place, lifestyle umpukan)
o Greet informants, give credentials (name the go- o with a topic to talk about but without a theme (may
between) pakay pero walang paksa)
o Go tell them the purpose of the study o worth or value of story produced from the kwentuhan
o Give an estimate of the expected length of the session session (kwenta ng kwento)
o Guide questions are used when necessary o Validity: trustworthiness not truth (mapagkakatiwalaan
o Goodbye and thank you is not abrupt kaysa makatotohanan)
• Principles of pagtatanong-tanong o Reliability: certification not consistency (process of
o The level of the relationship that exists between the pakikipagkwentuhanindicator) (pagpapatotoo,
researcher and the informant significantly influences pagpapatibay)
the quality of data obtained (Santiago- Enriquez
Model). GINABAYANG TALAKAYAN METHOD
o The language of the respondent is used in the conduct • collective discussion technique ‘samasama’ orientation
of pagtatanong-tanong. • Community dialogue or focus group discussion.
o The use of pakikiramdam as ‘feeling for another’
(cultural sensitivity), through this the researcher knows
when to ask or avoid questions, interprets a ‘yes’ for a
‘no’.
o The equality of status is maintained, as it is a dialogue
(informant is a kausap or person spoken with) not an
interview.
o The issue of reliability: consistency of response can be
checked by repeating the question in a different way.
o The problem of investigator bias and data
contamination can be solved by having more than one
person do the pagtatanong-tanong.
o Repeated sampling from as many informants as
possible can produce commonalities of lexical domain
which can then constitute a ‘construct.’
o Familiarity with the language, values, cultural norms,
will optimize accuracy and relevance of interpretations.

PAKIKIPAGKWENTUHAN MEHOD
• Kuwentuhan is an occasion for exchange of information,
ideas, insights, and opinions also it is a sharing of beliefs,
thoughts, and experiences.
o Oral (pasalita)
o Written (pasulat)
o Transmitted (pasalin-salin) through time
o Request (paki – paghingi ng pahintulot)
o Pakikipagkwentuhan is an informal, free, as well as a
social process of exchanging information, thoughts,
and knowledge that is part of human daily activities.
• Procedure of Pakikipagkwentuhan
o initially make visits (padalaw-dalaw) before living-in the
community (panunuluyan)
o introduce yourself to the community
o invite yourself to community gatherings
o initiate a conversation when in a natural cluster
o invest time in story sharing sessions
• Principles of pakikipagkwentuhan
o may pakikipagkapwa sa kwentuhan may ‘paki’ ang
kalahok sa kwento may pakinabang sa kwentuhan
▪ Libangan
▪ Linangan ng kaalaman
▪ Lunas sa karamdaman
o collective orientation (pananaliksik na sama-sama)
o contains the process of validation (pagpapatotoo)
o construction of social reality (pagbubuo)

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JOHANN ALBERT CADAY | BS PSYCHOLOGY 2B