M.Sc. Physics Two Year Programme

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
SCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATIONS
M.Sc. in Physics (Four-Semester Course)

(Effective from Session 2018-2019)
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
DEENBANDHU CHHOTU RAM UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY

MURTHAL (SONEPAT) HARYANA – 131039
1st Year Syllabus was approved in 13th Meeting of Academic Council held on 18.06.2018 and 2nd Year Syllabus
was approved in 14th Meeting of Academic Council held on 11.06.2019. Applicable to all students admitted
in 2018 and onwards.
Course Structure
S. Course Theory Lab Total Credit

no. Numbe Credi Numbe Credi
r t r t
1 Core Courses 12 12x4 02 2x4 56
2 Elective Courses
a) Open Elective 2 2x3 06
b) Discipline Specific Elective 4 4x4 2 1x7 32
1x8
3 Ability Enhancement 2 2x2 04
Courses
4 Skill Enhancement Course 1 1x3 3
Course Credit 100
Note: Credit requirement for completion of M.Sc. (Physics) program: 100 (Grade D or above)
DEENBANDHU CHHOTU RAM UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
MURTHAL (SONEPAT) HARYANA-131039
M.Sc. in Physics (Four –Semester Course)
Semester-I
Course Paper No. Paper Title Teaching Examination Scheme Credit

opted Scheme Duration
L P Sessional External Total of Exam
Marks Marks (Hours)
Core PHY 501 C Mathematical 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper Physics
Core PHY 503 C Classical 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper Mechanics
Core PHY 505 C Computational 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper Physics
Core PHY 507 C Electronics-I 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper
Core PHY 509 C Physics Lab-I 0 8 25 75 100 3 4
Lab (General)
Skill PHY 511 C Computational 0 4 25 75 100 3 2
Enhance Physics &
ment Programming Lab
Ability PHY 513C Seminar-I* 2 25 - 25 - 1
Enhance
ment
Total 16 14 23
*The assessment of Seminar-I will be done during the semester on the basis of presentation given by the student in
front of department seminar committees notified by the Chairperson time to time.
Semester-II
Course opted Paper No. Paper Title Teaching Examination Scheme Duration Credit
Scheme of Exam
L P Sessional External Total (Hours)
Marks Marks
Core Paper PHY 502 C Solid State 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Physics
Core Paper PHY 504 C Electronics-II 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Core Paper PHY 506 C Quantum 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Mechanics-I
Core Paper PHY 508 C Nuclear & Particle 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Physics
Core PHY 510 C Physics Lab-II 0 8 25 75 100 3 4
Lab (General)
Skill PHY 512 C Computational 0 4 25 75 100 3 2
Enhancement Physics &
Simulation Lab
Ability PHY 514C Seminar-II* 2 25 - 25 - 1
Enhancement
Total 16 14 23
* The assessment of Seminar-II will be done during the semester on the basis of presentation given by the student
in front of Department Seminar Committees notified by Chairperson time to time.
(Effective from Session 2019-2020) : applicable to students admitted in 2018
Semester-III
Course Paper No. Paper Title Teaching Examination Scheme Cred
Opted Scheme Duratio it
L P Sessiona External Total n of
l Marks Marks Exam
(Hours)
Core Paper PHY 601 C Electrodynamics & 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Plasma Physics
Core Paper PHY 603 C Quantum Mechanics-II 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Any one of the following options
OPTION-1 (Condensed Matter Physics)

Special PHY 605 C Condensed Matter Physics 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-I Spl–I (Crystallography
and imperfections in
crystals)
Special PHY 607 C Condensed Matter 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-II Physics Spl-II
(Characterization of
materials)
OPTION-2 (Electronics)
Special PHY 609 C Electronics Spl-I 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-I (Analog Communication)
Special PHY 611 C Electronics Spl-II 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-II (Digital Communication)
OPTION-3 (Nuclear Physics)

Special PHY 613 C Nuclear Physics Spl-I 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-I (Nuclear Reactions)
Special PHY 615 C Nuclear Physics Spl-II 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-II (Nuclear Detectors)
OPTION-4 (Spectroscopy)
Special PHY 617 C Spectroscopy Spl-I 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-I (Laser Physics & Quantum
Optics)
Special PHY 619 C Spectroscopy Spl-II 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-II (Integrated optics)
Any one of the following practical paper corresponding to the theory paper will be assigned.
LAB FOR OPTION-1 (Condensed Matter Physics)

Special PHY 621 C Condensed 0 14 50 100 150 4 7
Paper Matter Physics
Lab-I Lab-I
Ability PHY 629 C Seminar-III$ 0 2 25 - 25 1
Enhancem
ent
LAB FOR OPTION-2 (Electronics)
Special PHY 623C Electronics 0 14 50 100 150 4 7

Paper Lab-I
Lab-I
Enhancem
ent
LAB FOR OPTION-3 (Nuclear Physics)
Special PHY 625C Nuclear 0 14 50 100 150 4 7

Paper Physics
Lab-I Lab-I
Enhancem
ent
LAB FOR OPTION-4 (Spectroscopy)
Special PHY 627 C Spectroscopy 0 14 50 100 150 4 7

Paper Lab-I
Lab-I
Enhancem
ent
Open ** ** ** 3 0 25 75 100 3 3
Elective
Total 16 16 24+3**
+3
**
Note: The students may opt anyone specialized course which will be continued in IV Semester as well.
$ The assessment of Seminar-III will be done during the semester on the basis of presentation given by the
student in front of Department Seminar Committees, notified by Chairperson time to time.
**The student may opt any one paper from the list of open elective/interdisciplinary papers floated by
Mathematics, Chemistry and MSN departments.
1. List for Open Elective –I offered by Physics Department (for other PG Departments of the University).
Paper No. Paper Title
PHY 631 C Science of Renewable energy Resources
PHY 633 C Basic Instrumentation Skill

PHY 635 C Radiation Physics
The Open Elective- I paper will be offered, subject to the availability of the expert teacher and / or the minimum
students strength of ten candidates and resources in the department.
2. M.Sc. Physics Students have to opt any one Open Elective paper from the list given below:
Sr. No Paper No. Paper Title Name of Department
1 MAT 627C Applied Algebra and Analysis Mathematics

2 MAT 629C Linear Programming Mathematics
3 MAT 631C Descriptive Statistics Mathematics
4 CH651C Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry
5 CH653C Chromatographic & Spectroscopic Chemistry
Techniques
6 CH655C Photochemistry and Industrials Chemistry
Catalysis
7 MSN503C Metals, Ceramics and Composites MSN
8 MSN517C Computational Physics MSN
9 MSN521C Nanosensors and Nanodevices MSN
10 Open elective paper offered by any other PG Departments of the University
(Effective from Session 2019-2020) : applicable to students admitted in 2018
Semester-IV
Course Paper No. Paper Title Teaching Examination Scheme Credit
Opted Scheme Duration
L P Sessional External Total of Exam
Marks Marks (Hours)
Core Paper PHY 602 C Statistical Mechanics 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Core Paper PHY 604 C Atomic & Molecular 4 0 25 75 100 3 4

Physics
Any one of the following options

Paper-III Physics Spl –III
(Renewable Energy
Sources)
Paper-IV Physics Spl-IV
(Physics & Technology of
Nano Materials)
Special PHY 610 C Electronics Spl-III 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-III (Novel and Smart
Materials)
Special PHY 612 C Electronics Spl-IV 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-IV (Microprocessor &
Interfacing)

Special PHY 614 C Nuclear Physics Spl-III 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-III (Nuclear Models)
Special PHY 616 C Nuclear Physics Spl-IV 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-IV (Nuclear Instrumentation
and Applications)
Special PHY 618 C Spectroscopy Spl-III 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-III (Fibre Optics and
communication)
Special PHY 620 C Spectroscopy Spl-IV 4 0 25 75 100 3 4
Paper-IV (Optical Electronics)
Any one of the following practical paper corresponding to the theory paper will be assigned

Special Module-A PHY Condensed 0 14 50 100 150 4 7
Paper 622C Matter Physics
Lab-II Lab-II
Ability PHY Seminar-IV$ 0 02 25 - 25 1 1
Enhanceme 630C
nt
Module-B PHY Dissertation* 0 14 50 100 150 1 7
632C
PHY Seminar 0 02 25 - 25 1 1
634C
Special Module-A PHY Electronics 0 14 50 100 150 4 7
Paper 624C Lab-II
Lab-II
Enhanceme 630C
nt
632C
PHY Seminar 0 02 25 - 25 1 1
634C
Special Module-A PHY Nuclear 0 14 50 100 150 4 7
Paper 626C Physics Lab-II
Lab-II
Ability PHY Seminar-IV$ 0 2 25 25 1 1
Enhanceme 630C
nt
632C
PHY Seminar 0 02 25 - 25 1 1
634C
Special Module-A PHY Spectroscopy 0 14 50 100 150 4 7
Paper 628C Lab-II
Lab-II
Enhanceme 630C
nt
632C
PHY Seminar 0 02 25 - 25 1 1
634C
Open ** ** ** 3 0 25 75 100 3 3
Elective
Total 16 16 24+3**
+3
**
Note:
In 4th semester, there are two modules in labs Module-A (Lab + Seminar) & Module-B (Dissertation+ Seminar)
in the respective specializations and students may opt any one of these Modules.
- Module-A will be offered to all the students.
- Module-B will be offered to only those students who have passed all courses of previous semesters.
*The students will submit their Dissertation in the department before 30th June.
External evaluation of Dissertation will be done at the end of semester by the external expert.
$
The assessment of Seminar-IV/ Seminar will be done during the semester on the basis of presentation given by the
Students in front of Department Seminar Committees.
02 hour per week per student will be considered as the teaching load to the faculty in the department
during the work of dissertation (It should be maximum 08 h/week for a faculty).
**The student may opt any one paper from the list of open elective/interdisciplinary papers floated by Mathematics,
Chemistry and MSN departments.
1. List for Open Elective –II paper offered by Physics Department (for other PG Departments of the University).
Paper No. Paper Title
PHY 636 C Laser Physics
PHY 638 C Bio Physics

PHY 640 C History and Philosophy of Physics
The Open Elective- II paper will be offered, subject to the availability of the expert teacher and / or the minimum
students strength of ten candidates and resources in the department.
2. M.Sc. Physics Students have to opt any one Open Elective paper from the list given below:
Sr. No Paper No. Paper Title Name of Department
1 MAT 628C Applied Algebra and Analysis Mathematics

2 MAT 630C Linear Programming Mathematics
3 MAT 632 C Descriptive Statistics Mathematics
4 CH652C Medicinal Aspects of inorganic Chemistry Chemistry

5 CH654C Polymer Chemistry Chemistry
6 CH656C Semiconductors and Nano- Materials Chemistry

7 MSN524C Materials for Energy and Environment MSN
8 MSN526C Study of Novel and Smart Materials MSN
9 Open elective paper offered by any other PG Departments of the University
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-I
MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
Paper No.-PHY-501C Credits: 04

04 Hrs /week Max. Marks: 75+25
Duration of Exam: 03 Hrs.
Course Objectives: This course has been developed to introduce students to some topics of
mathematical physics which are directly relevant in different papers of Physics course. It includes
elements of special functions, matrices, tensors, functions of complex variable and integral
transforms.
Note: The Examiners will set nine questions for semester end examination with one question
compulsory. Question Number one (1) will have short answer/conceptual/ numerical problem
questions covering the entire syllabus and will be compulsory. The rest eight questions will be
set, two from each unit. The students will attempt five questions in all including the compulsory
question and select at least one question from each unit. All questions will carry equal marks.
UNIT- I
MATRICES AND TENSORS
Matrices: Orthogonal, Unitary and Hermitian Matrices with examples, Independent elements of
orthogonal and unitary matrices of order 2, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors; Matrix diagonalization.
Tensors: Introduction, definition, Covariant and Contravariant tensors, algebraic operations of tensors,
symmetric and antisymmetric tensor, invariant tensor, Contraction theorem, Quotient rule, Levi-Civita
symbol, Fundamental or Metric tensors, Christoffel’s 3-index symbols, Transformation laws of
Christoffel’s symbols, Covariant differentiation.
UNIT-II
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
Frobenius method for the series solution of second order linear ordinary differential equations, The
Wronskian and Second solution.
Bessel function of first and second kind, generating function and recurrence relations, integral
representation.
Legendre Polynomial: Pn(x) as solution of Legendre differential equation, Generating function,
recurrence relations and special properties, Orthogonality of Pn(x), Rodrigue’s formula.
Hermite and Laguerre Polynomial; solution of Hermite & Lageurre differential equation, Generating
function and recurrence relation only
UNIT-III
COMPLEX VARIABLE
Function of complex variable, limit, continuity and differentiability of function of complex variables
,Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann conditions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s Integral
formula, Taylor’s and Laurent’s series, singular points, residues, evaluation of residues, Cauchy’s
residue theorem, Jordan’s lemma, evaluation of real definite integrals.
UNIT-IV
INTEGRAL TRANSFORM
Fourier transforms, Properties of Fourier Transform, FT of derivatives, Convolution or Faltung
theorem for FT, Fourier transform of Dirac Delta function, simple applications of FT
Laplace transform, properties of Laplace Transform, first and second shifting theorem, LT derivatives
and integral of a function, convolution or Faltung theorem for LT, Inverse LT by partial fraction and
by using convolution theorem, application of LT in solving differential equations.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: G. Arfken and H.J. Weber, (Academic Press, San
Diego)
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: T.L.Chow (Cambridge university press, NewYork)
3. Matrices and Tensors in Physics: A.W. Joshi (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi).
4. Mathematical Physics: P.K. Chatopadhyay (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi).
5. Introduction to Mathematical Physics: C. Harper (Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi).
6. Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences: M.L. Boas (Wiley, New York).
7. Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists: L .Pipes & L.R. Horwell
8. Mathematical Physics: B.S. Rajput (Pragati Prakashan)
9. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A. K. Ghatak, I. C. Goyal
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-I
CLASSICAL MECHANICS
Paper No.PHY503C Credits: 04

Course Objectives: To aware the students of M.Sc. (Physics) in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
formalisms to an extent that they can use these in the modern branches like Quantum Mechanics,
quantum Field Theory, Condensed Matter Physics, etc.
questions covering the entire syllabus and will be compulsory. The rest eight question will be
Unit-I
LAGRANGIAN FORMULATION AND HAMILTON’S PRINCIPLES
Mechanics of a system of particles, constraints of motion, generalized coordinates, D’ Alembert’s
Principle and Lagrange’s velocity –dependent forces ( gyroscopic) and the dissipation function,
Application of Lagrangian formulation. Hamilton principle, Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton
principle, extension to non-holonomic systems, Legendre Transformation, Hamilton’s equations of
motion, Hamilton’s equations from variational principle, Principle of least action.
Unit – II
CANONICAL TRANSFORMATION AND HAMILTON-JACOBI THEORY
Canonical transformation and its examples, Poisson’s brackets, Equation of motion, Angular
momentum, Poisson’s Brackets relations, infinitesimal canonical transformation, Conservation
Theorems and symmetry properties. Hamilton-Jacobi equation for Hamilton’s principal function,
Harmonic Oscillator problem.
Unit-III
RIGID BODY MOTION
Reduction to equivalent one body problem, the equation of motion and first integrals, the equivalent
one – dimensional problem and the classification of orbits, the differential equation for orbits, the
Kepler’s problem (inverse square law), scattering(Rutherford) in central force field. The Euler’s
angles, rate of change of a vector, the Coriolis force and its applications,
.
Unit– IV
SMALL OSCILLATIONS
Moment of Inertia, M.I. tensor and ellipsoid Euler equation for rotating rigid body and its solutions,
Torque free motion of rigid body, motion of a symmetrical top, Eigenvalue equation, Free vibrations,
Normal coordinates, forced oscillations and effect of dissipative forces. Vibration of Triatomic
Molecule.

1. Classical Mechanics, H.Goldstein, C.Poole and J. Safko (Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi)
2. Classical Mechanics, N.C. Rana and P.S. Joag, (Tata McGraw-Hill, 1991)
3. Classical Mechanics of Particles & Rigid Bodies, Kiran C. Gupta, (Wiley Eastern)
4. Classical Mechanics, V.K. Jain, (New Age Publication)
5. Classical Mechanics 1st Edition By W. Aruldhas, (Phi)
6. Classical Mechanics A text Book By Suresh Chandra, (Norsa)
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-I
COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

Course Objectives: The aim and objective of the course on Computational physics is to familiarize
the students of M.Sc. class to the basic aspects of programming in Fortran & with numerical
techniques used in solving the various problems of physics. After completing this course the students
will be able to understand the concepts involved in various numerical methods and to apply these
methods in various physical situations using computer programming in FORTRAN.
UNIT-I
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING WITH FORTRAN
Basic Computer organization: Input and output units, Storage unit, Arithmetic Logic unit, Control
unit, Central processing unit.
Fortran Programming: Data types, Arithmetic & logical expression, Input-output statements, If
statement, Do loop, Arrays and subscripted variables, functions and subroutines, Handling input and
output files.
UNIT-II
ERRORS AND SOLUTION OF ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS
Errors: Round off errors, truncation error, machine error, random error.
Solution of algebraic equation: Bisection method, iteration method, Newton Raphson method,
Muller method.
Interpolation and extrapolation: Finite difference, forward difference, backward difference, central
differences, Lagrange method.
Curve Fitting: Least-square curve fitting, straight line and polynomial fits.
UNIT-III
DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION
Differentiation: Taylor series method, numerical differentiation using Newton’s forward difference
formula, Strilling formula.
Integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson 1/3 rule, Gaussian Quadrature, Legendre-Gauss Quadrature,
Numerical double integration
UNIT-IV
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Numerical solution of ordinary differential equation: Taylor series method, Euler's methods,
Fourth order Runga Kutta method.
Second order differential equation: Initial and boundary value problem, Numerical solution of
radial Schrodinger for hydrogen atom using Fourth order Runga Kutta method (when eigenvalue is
given).

1. Numerical Mathematical Analysis, J.B. Scarborough (Oxford Book Co.)
2. Computational: Physics: An introduction by RC Verma, PK Ahulawalia and K C Sharma
(New Age International Publisher)
3. Introduction to Numerical Analysis by F B Hildebrand (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi)
4. Fortran Programming and Numerical methods, RC Desai (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi).
5. Computer Applications in Physics Suresh Chandra (Narosa Publishing House).
6. Introductory methods of numerical methods of numerical Analysis by S S Sastry (Prentice
Hall of India).
7. Computer oriented, Numerical Method by V Rajaraman (Prentice Hall of India).
8. An introduction to numerical analysis, John Wiley and Sons.
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-I
ELECTRONICS-I

Course Objective: The course covers Semiconductor physics, Semiconductor devices and their basic
applications, Circuit analysis techniques, First-order nonlinear circuits, Op-Amp and related analog
circuits have also been introduced. Basic introduction to various concepts, components and circuit
analysis used in electronic is being done in the course.
UNIT – I
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Drift and diffusion current , Generation and recombination of charges, continuity equation, p-n
junction, junction diode characteristic, Capacitance of p-n junctions, Varactors, switching diodes,
Clippers & Clampers, photoconductors, photodiode, light emitting diodes and liquid crystal display.
Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) : Basic structure & Operation, pinch off voltage, single ended
geometry of JFET, Volt Ampere characteristic, Transfer Characteristics. JFET as Switch and
Amplifier.
MOSFET: Enhancement MOSFET, Threshold Voltage, Depletion MOSFET, Comparison of p & n
Channel FET, SCR, 4 layer pnpn devices, Tunnel diode.
UNIT-II
OPERATION AMPLIFIER
Differential Amplifier: Circuit configuration, dual input balanced output differential amplifier,
Inverting and Non-inverting inputs, CMRR.
Operational Amplifiers: Block diagram, open and close loop configuration, inverting & non-inverting
amplifier, Op-amp with negative feedback, Voltage series feedback, Effect of feedback on closed loop
voltage gain, Input resistance, output resistance, band width, output offset voltage, Measurements of
Op-Amp parameters.
Op-amp Application: d.c. and a.c. amplifiers, summing, scaling and Averaging amplifier, Integrator,
Differentiator, Electronic analog computation, Comparator.
UNIT – III
NETWORK THEORY
Lumped circuits, Non-linear resistor-series and parallel connections, D.C. operating points, small
signal analysis, Sources of Electrical energy, Review of Kirchhoff’s Laws, Mesh and Nodal
Analysis, Principle of superposition, Thevenin and Norton theorems, Maximum Power transfer
Theorem, First order nonlinear circuits, dynamic route, jump phenomenon and relaxation oscillator,
triggering of bistable circuits, Admittance, impedance and hybrid matrices for two and three-port
networks (series and parallel combinations).
UNIT-IV
OSCILLATORS AND WAVE GENERATORS
Oscillators: Principles, types, frequency stability, Phase shift oscillator, Wein’s bridge oscillator, LC
tunable oscillator, Square wave, Triangular wave and pulse generator, Astable, Monostable, &
Bistable Multivibrators, Sample and Hold circuits, Principle of Phase Locking, Sallen and Key
configuration and multi feedback configuration.

1. Semiconductor Devices - Physics and Technology : S.M. Sze (John Wiley), 2002.
2. Solid State Electronic Devices: Ben Streetman, Sanjay Banerjee (Prentice Hall India) 6th Edition,
2005.
3. Electronic Principles : A.P. Malvino (Tata McGraw, New Delhi), 7th edition, 2009.
4. Integrated Electronics : J. Millman, C. Halkias and C.D. Parikh, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd edition,
2015
5. Linear and Non-linear Circuits : Chua, Desoer and Kuh (Tata McGraw), 1987.
6. Circuit theory Fundamentals and Applications : Aram Budak (Prentice-Hall) 1987.
7. Integrated Electronics : Millman and Halkias (Tata McGraw Hill) 1991.
8. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory : Boylested and Nashelsky, (Pearson Education) 10th ed.
2009.
9. OPAMPS and Linear Integrated circuits : Ramakant A Gayakwad (Prentice Hall), 1992.
10. Operational amplifiers and Linear Integrated circuits, R.F. Coughlin and F.F. Driscoll,
(Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi), 2000.
11. Principles and Applications in Electronics : A.P. Malvino, D.P. Leach, (Tata Mcgraw-
Hill, N.Delhi,1993)
12. Electronic Fundamentals & Applications : John D. Ryder (Prentice Hall of India, N. Delhi)
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-I
PHYSICS LAB - I
Course Objectives: To train the students about basic experimental techniques in general physics, so
that they can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to handle basic equipment and
analyze the data.
Note: 1. Students are expected to perform Ten Experiment with at least four experiments from
each section.
Section A
1. To verify the existence of different harmonics and measure their relative amplitudes in
complex wave (square, clipped sine wave, triangular wave etc.)
2. Determination of Energy Band Gap of Silicon, Germanium etc using diodes and light
emitting diodes.
3. To determine wavelength, spot size, divergence of LASER, Power distribution within
beam, Grating element of grating.
4. To determine Hall Voltage, concentration of charge carrier and the type of semiconductor
in the Hall effect experiment.
5. To study the Magnetostriction effect in a metallic rod.
6. To determine charge to mass ratio of electron by using Magnetron.
7. To measure the band gap of Germanium using Four Probe Method.
Section B
1. To study the characteristics of Junction Field Effect Transistor.
2. To study the characteristic of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor.
3. To study the characteristics of optoelectronics Devices (LED, Photodetector).
4. To study the characteristics of Wein Bridge, Hartley and Colpitts Oscillators.
5. To study the characteristics of Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrator.
6. To study the frequency response of an operational amplifier.
7. To study the use of operational amplifier for different mathematical operation.
8. To study the use of operational amplifier for voltage to current conversion and current to
voltage conversion..
9. To study the characteristic of SCR and its application as a switching device.
10. Verification of Norton’s & Thevenin's theorems.
11. Verification of Maximum power transfer theorem in dc circuit.
Note: More experiments may be added time to time.
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-1st
Computational Physics & Programming Laboratory

COURSE OBJECTIVES: To train the students about experiments in computational physics, so that
they can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to analyze the data.
Note: Students are expected to perform at least five experiments out of following list.
1 To perform Matrix summation, subtraction and multiplication.

2 To find the root of algebraic equation using bisection method.
3 To find the root of algebraic equation Newton Raphson method.
4 To fit a straight line through given data using Least square method.
5 To fit the given data using polynomial fitting.
6 Interpolation and extrapolation using Lagrange method.
7 To perform Numerical differentiation using Newton’s method.

M.Sc. Physics
Semester-II
SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Paper No.PHY502 C Credits: 04

Course Objectives: To expose the students about the topics like crystal structure and various
experimental diffraction methods. Lattice dynamics which an important tool will elaborate phonon
and its modes, lattice vibrations etc., dielectric properties, energy band theory and various band
structure methods and transport theory so that they are equipped with the techniques used in
investigating these aspects of the matter in solid state. The concept of superconductivity will be
introduced along with the various developments made in a chronological order to achieve the
superconductivity and it behavior with temperature and magnetic field. The magnetism will be
familiarized using classical and quantum mechanical framework using a many theories.
UNIT – I
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Crystalline solids, Direct lattice, translational vectors, two and three – dimensional Bravais lattices,
Miller Indices, Closed packed structures.
Interaction of X- Rays with matter, absorption of X-Rays, Elastic scattering from a perfect lattice.
Reciprocal lattice, Bragg’s Law, Ewald construction, Brillouin zones and applications of reciprocal
lattice to diffraction techniques. Experimental method in X-ray Diffraction - Laue method, powder
method and rotating crystal method, structure factor, bonding in solids.
UNIT – II
LATTICE DYNAMICS AND FREE ELECTRON THEORY OF METALS
Lattice Modes of Vibration, Elastic Vibrations of continuous media, Vibrations of 1-D monatomic
and diatomic linear lattice. Phonon Modes, Lattice vibration Spectrum, phonon momentum, Inelastic
scattering by phonons. Lattice specific heat.
Free electron theory and electronic specific heat, Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity,
Fermi gas, energy levels and density of orbitals, Fermi-Dirac distribution function, Quantum theory of
free electrons in a 3-D box.
UNIT – III
BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Electrons in a periodic lattice: Bloch theorem, band theory and classification of solids, effective mass.
Hall effect and thermoelectric power, Tight binding approximations. Fermi surface, Conduction in
Semiconductors .
Superconductivity, Meissner Effect, Transport Behavior, Types of Superconductors, London’s
equations, penetration depth, coherence length, energy gap parameter, Josephson junctions, BCS
theory of Superconductivity, Introduction to high temperature superconductors, Superfluidity.
UNIT – IV
MAGNETIC AND FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES
Introduction, classification of magnetic materials, Langevin’s theory of Dia- and Paramagnetism,
Weiss Theory of paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism, Quantum theory of Ferromagnetism,
Heisenberg's theory of magnetism. Ferromagnetic domains, Anti-ferromagnetism, Ferrimagnetism
and Bloch-wall.Structure of Ferrites.
Theory of ferroelectricity, ferroelectric domains and hysteresis, antiferroelectric materials,
ferroelectric and piezoelectric solids

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel (Wiley, New York)
2. Quantum Theory of Solids, C. Kittel (Wiley, New York)
3. Crystallography for Solid-State Physics, Verma and Srivastava
4. Principles Of the Theory of Solids, J. Ziman (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
5. Introduction to Solids, Azaroff
6. Elementary Solid-State Physics, Omar
7. Solid State Physics, Aschroft & Mermin (Reinhert & Winston, Berlin)
8. Principles of Condensed Matter Physics, Chaikin & Lubensky
9. Introduction to Superconductivity, M. Tinkham
10. Solid State Physics, S. O. Pillai (new Age International Publishers)
11. Solid State Physics, M. A. Wohab (Narosa).
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-II
ELECTRONICS-II
Duration of Exam:
03 Hrs
Course Objectives : The Objective of the Course is to introduce basic circuits, components and
various units used in digital circuits. The introduction to microprocessor has also been added in the
course so that the student can understand how different digital units works.
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL CIRCUITS
Boolean algebra, deMorgan's theorem, Karnaugh mapping,
Data processing circuits : Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Adders, Encoders, Decoders, Parity
generators.
Sequential Circuits : RS, JK, D, clocked, preset and clear operation, race-round condition in JK flip
flops, master-slave JK flip-flops as building block of sequential circuits.
Digital logic families: RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, CMOS, MOS, Tri-state logic-switching and
propagation delay, fan out and fan in.
UNIT-II
MEMORIES AND CONVERTERS
Semiconductor Memories : ROM, PROM, and EPROM, RAM, Static and Dynamic Random Access
Memories (SRAM and DRAM), Content addressable memory, other advanced memories. D/A and
A/D Converters : Parallel comparator A/D converter, A/D converter using voltage to frequency and
using voltage to time conversion, accuracy and resolution. D/A converter resistive network, accuracy
and resolution.
UNIT-III
REGISTERS AND COUNTERS
Shift registers Operations, Serial In/ Serial Out Shift registers, Serial In/ Parallel Out Shift registers
Parallel In/ Serial Out Shift registers, Parallel In/ Parallel Out Shift registers, Shift registers Counters,
Shift registers applications, Asynchronous and synchronous counter, Up/down synchronous counter,
Cascade Counter, Counter decoding, Counter Design and application.
Unit – IV
MICROPROCESSOR
Functional Block Diagram Of Microcomputer. Microcomputer Types, RISC and CISC Processors.
Evolution Of Microprocessor. Address Bus, Data Bus, Control Bus. General Purpose Registers,
Special Purpose Registers and ALU. Opcode and Operand. Architecture of 8085 Up, Pin Diagram of
8085. Fetching and executing operation .Types of Interrupts. Block Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller.
Comparison of Microprocessor and Microcontroller.

1. Microelectronics, Millman & Grabel
2. Digital Electronics, Malvino & Leach (Tata Mcgraw- Hill, N.Delhi,1993)
3. Semiconductor Devices : Physics and Technology, S.M. Sze
4. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8085, R.S. Gaonkar
5. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory, Boylested and Nashelsky (Pearson Education) 10th,
ed. 2009
6. Digital Fundamentals, Thomas L. Floyd (Pearson Education) 10th, ed. 2017
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-II
QUANTUM MECHANICS-I
Paper No. PHY506 C Credits: 04
Course Objectives: To introduces the students about the subject and to equip them with the
techniques of angular momentum, perturbation theory and scattering theory so that they can use these
in various branches of physics as per their requirement.
UNIT – I
SCHRODINGER EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS
The Schrodinger equations: Time dependent and time independent forms, Probability current density,
expectation values, Ehrenfest’s theorem, Gaussian wave packet and its spreading. Exact statement and
proof of the uncertainty principle, eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions, wave function in coordinate and
momentum representations, Degeneracy and orthogonality. Application of Schrodinger equation for a
particle in one dimensional square well potential, Tunneling problem and Linear Harmonic Oscillator.
UNIT – II
OPERATORS
Operator in quantum mechanics, Hermitian operator and Unitary operator change of basis,
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of operators, Dirac’s Bra and Ket algebra, Linear harmonic oscillator,
coherent states, Time development of states and operators, Heisenberg, Schrodinger and interactive
pictures, annihilation & creation operators, Unitary transformations, Matrix representation of an
operator.
UNIT – III
ANGULAR MOMENTUM
The angular momentum operators and their representation in spherical polar coordinates, solution of
Schrodinger equation for spherically symmetric (central) potentials, spherical harmonics, Hydrogen
atom. Commutators and various commutation relations. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of L2 and Lz.
Spin angular momentum, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of J2 and Jz. Representation of general angular
momentum operator, Addition of angular momentum, C.G. coefficients, Stern-Gerlach experiment.
UNIT – IV
TIME INDEPENDENT PERTURBATION THEORY
Time independent perturbation theory: Non degenerate case, first and second order perturbation,
Degenerate case, First order Stark effect in hydrogen.
The Variational Method: expectation value of the energy, application to the ground state of Harmonic
oscillator, Hydrogen and Helium atoms, Vander-Waal interactions.

1. Quantum Mechanics, L.I. Schiff (Tata McGraw-Hill, Delhi)
2. Quantum Mechanics, B. Craseman and J.L. Powell (Narosa, New Delhi)
3. Quantum Mechanics,S. Gasiorowicz (Wiley, New York)
4. Modern Quantum Mechanics, J.J. Sakurai (Addison Wesley)
5. Quantum Mechanics, P.M. Mathews & K.Venkatesan (Tata McGraw-Hill, Delhi)
6. Quantum Mechanics, Ghatak & Loknathan
7. Quantum Mechanics , M.P. Khanna (Har Anand, N. Delhi)
8. Quantum Mechanics, V.K. Thankappan (New Age, N. Delhi)
9. Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and applications, N. Zettili
10. Quantum Mechanics, Bransden and Jochain
11. Advanced Quantum Mechanics, B. S. Rajput
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-II
NUCLEAR & PARTICLE PHYSICS
Paper No.-PHY-508 C Credits: 04

04 Hrs /week Max. Marks:75+25
Course Objectives: The aim and objective of the course on Nuclear & Particle Physics is to
familiarize the students of M.Sc. class to the basic aspects of nuclear physics like nuclear decay,
nuclear forces, neutron physics and nuclear reactions so that students may well equipped with the
techniques and basic to extend their study for emerging fields like Nuclear Astrophysics, High energy
Physics etc.
UNIT -I
NUCLEAR FORCES
Charge symmetry and charge independence of nuclear forces. Meson theory of nuclear forces,
relationship between the range of the force and mass of exchanges particle, physical properties of
deuteron, ground and excited state of deuteron, neutron-proton scattering, scattering length, effective
range theory, spin dependence of nuclear forces.
UNIT -II
INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER AND NUCLEAR DETECTORS
Qualitative description of various modes of energy loss of charged particles in matter. Stopping
power(no derivation) and Bethe-Bloch formula. Dependence of stopping power on energy of
projectile, nature of projectile and stopping medium. Concept of energy and range straggling, Bragg
curve. Interaction of gamma radiation with matter: Qualitative idea of Photoelectric effect, Compton
scattering and pair production. Linear and mass attenuation coefficients of gamma rays in matter.
Positron annihilation in matter.
Radiation Detectors: Direct-Current mode Ionization chamber, Proportional counter. G.M Counter,
Scintillation detector.
UNIT –III
NUCLEAR DECAY AND STRUCTURE
Nuclear decay: Alpha decay, Tunnel theory of alpha decay, Beta decay, Fermi theory of beta decay,
shape of beta spectrum, Fermi- Kurie plot and its importance. Gamma decay, Multipole transitions in
nuclei, Angular momentum and parity selection rule. Internal conversion and Nuclear isomerism.
Nuclear structure: Binding energy and its variation with mass number, liquid drop model, evidence of
shell structure, single-particle shell model its validity and limitations.
UNIT –IV
INTRODUCTION TO PARTICLE PHYSICS
Units in high energy physics. Classification of elementary particles, Leptons, Hadrons and their
antiparticles. Quarks model of the proton, antiproton, neutron and antineutron. Elementary particles
quantum numbers. Types of fundamental interaction between elementary particles: electromagnetic,
weak, strong and gravitational. Parity, Pion parity, Charge conjugation, positronium decay. C, P and
T invariance and CPT theorem (statement only).
Text And Reference Books:

1. Basic Ideas and Concepts in Nuclear Physics by K Heyde (IoP)
2. Concepts of Nuclear Physics by Bernard L Cohen (TMH).
3. Nuclear Physics: Principle and Application by John Lilley (Wiley Pub.).
4. Introduction to Nuclear Physics by H.A. Enge (Addison-Wesley).
5. Nuclear Physics Experimental and Theoretical by H S Hans (New Age Int.).
6. Nuclear Radiation Detector by S S Kapoor and V S Ramamurthy(New Age Int.).
7. Atomic Nucleus by R D Evans (Tata Mc Graw Hill).
8. Nuclear Physics 2nd edition by I Kaplan (Narosa) .
9. Theory of Nuclear Structure by M.K Pal (EWP)
10. Introduction to high energy physics by Donald H. Perkins (Addison Wesley)
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-II
PHYSICS LAB - II

COURSE OBJECTIVES: To train the students about advanced experimental techniques in general
physics, so that they can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to handle basic
equipments and analyze the data.
Note: 1. Students are expected to perform Ten experiments in total selecting at least two
practical’s from each section
Section A
1. To determine planck's constant using photovoltaic cell.
2. To experimentally demonstrate the concept of quantization of energy levels according to
Bohr’s model of atom.
3. Compton Scattering Experiment.
4. Rutherford Back-Scattering Experiment.
5. Study of the dispersion relation for the mono-atomic lattice-Comparison with theory and find
the cut-off frequency of the mono-atomic lattice.
6. Study of the dispersion relation for the di-atomic lattice – ‘acoustical mode’ and ‘optical
mode’ energy gap. Comparison with theory.
7. To determine the variation of refractive index of the material of prism with wavelength and to
verify Cauchy’s dispersion formula.
8. To determine the heat capacity of solids.
Section B
1. To study the characteristics of G.M. Counter.
2. To find the end point energy of given source using G.M. Counter.
3. To find the absorption coefficient of given material using G.M. counter.
4. To study the Solid State Nuclear Track Detector.
5. To determine the mass absorption coefficient for beta rays.
6. To Study Nuclear counting statistics.
7. To measure the short half life of a radioactive nuclei.
Section C
1. To verify the Truth Table of various Logic Gates.
2. To study SR & JK flip flop circuits using logic gates.
3. To study the use of digital comparator.
4. To study various aspects of frequency modulation and demodulation ETB-98.
5. To study various aspects of amplitude modulation and demodulation ETB-96.
6. Study of Digital to Analog converters using R-2R Network /Weighted resistor Network.
7. Study of Encoder and Decoder circuits.
8. Study of Multiplexers and Demultiplexers.
9. To design adder and subtractor (half/full) using logic gates.
Note: More experiments may be added time to time

M.Sc. Physics
Semester-II
COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS AND SIMULATION LABORATORY

Course Objectives: To train the students about experiments in computational physics, so that they
can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to analyze the data.
Note: Students are expected to perform at least five experiments out of following list.
1 To write a Fortran code for Planck’s law for Blackbody radiation and Rayleigh-Jeans Law
at high temperature and low temperature.
2 Write a Fortran code to plot the following functions with energy at different
temperatures
a) Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
b) Fermi-Dirac distribution
c) Bose-Einstein distribution
3 To calculate the probability and expectation value for position of a particle restricted along
x-axis. Students may use either Simpson’s method or Trapezoidal method for integration.
4 To compare the accuracy of Simpson’s 1/3rd and and Legendre-Gauss Quadrature for any
numerical problem.
5 To evaluate double integration numerically.
6 To find Solution of first order differential equations using the Runge-Kutta method.

M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
ELECTRODYNAMICS AND PLASMA PHYSICS

Course Objectives: This course has been developed to impart knowledge to the students about the
properties and transmission of electromagnetic waves and have an introduction to plasma physics and
waveguides.
UNIT-I
TIME VARYING FIELDS & MAXWELL’S EQUATION
Laplace and Poisson equations, Energy stored in an electric and magnetic fields; Power flow in an
electromagnetic field and Poynting’s theorem; Maxwell’s equations; Sinusoidal Waves;
Electromagnetic waves, wave equations and their propagation in vacuum, linear dielectric medium
and conductors, skin depth; Maxwell’s equations using phasor notation.
UNIT-II
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Reflection and refraction of place waves: Boundary Conditions; Reflection by a perfect dielectric –
normal and oblique incidence, Fresnel’s equations, Brewster’s angle; Reflection by a perfect
conductor – normal incidence.
Polarization: Linear, elliptical and circular, Direction cosines.
Dispersion and Scattering: Coherent and Incoherent Scattered Light, Polarization of scattered light.
Dispersion in solids, liquids and gases.
UNIT -III
FIELDS AND RADIATIONS FROM MOVING CHARGE
Vector and Scalar Potential, Gauge transformation, Coulomb Gauge and Lorentz Gauge; Retarded
Potential and Lienard-Wiechert Potential; Electric and Magnetic fields due to a uniformly moving
point charge and an accelerated charge.
Power radiated by a point charge, Bremsstrahlung, Synchrotron radiation and Cerenkov radiation;
Radiation reaction, Reaction Force of Radiation.
UNIT -IV
PLASMA PHYSICS AND WAVEGUIDES
Elementary Concepts: Plasma as fourth state of matter, Various kinds of Plasma, Debye Shielding,
Plasma Parameters, Plasma Oscillations and plasma frequency expression, Dispersion relation in
plasma, Plasma Confinement, applications of Plasma.
EM Waves Guides: Types of waveguides; TE, TM & TEM modes in waveguides, TE waves in
rectangular wave guide and concept of cut off frequency, Coaxial transmission lines.

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics: David J. Griffiths, (Prentice Hall India, New Delhi).
2. Keith W. Whites, EE 382.
3. Classical Electrodynamics: J.D. Jackson, (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi).
4. Classical Electromagnetic Radiation: J.B. Marion and M.A. Heald, (Academic
Press, San Diego).
5. Plasma Physics by Bittencourt
6. Introduction to Plasma Physics by F. F. Chen
7. Electromagnetic Waves by Jordan & Balme
8. Classical Electrodynamics: S.P. Puri, (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi).
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
QUANTUM MECHANICS - II
Course Objectives: To introduce the student to the formal structure of the subject and to equip
him/her with the techniques of quantum field theory so that he/she can use these in various branches
of physics as per his/her requirement.
UNIT-I
WKB-APPROXIMATION AND TIME DEPENDENT PERTURBATION THEORY
WKB Approximation: WKB method for one-dimensional problems, Application to barrier
penetration, WKB method for three dimensional problems.
Time-dependent perturbation theory: General expression for the probability of transition from one
state to another, harmonic perturbation, Fermi’s golden rule, selection rule, adiabatic and sudden
approximations.
UNIT-II
COLLISION IN 3-D AND SCATTERING THEORY
Basic concept of scattering, Scattering cross-section, Scattering amplitude, scattering by spherically
symmetric potentials, partial wave analysis and phase shifts, scattering by a perfectly rigid sphere and
by square well potential. Born approximation and its applications to Yukawa potential and other
simple potentials. Electron scattering by an atom. Neumann equation and its solution, Neumann series
and Bessel function.
UNIT-III
IDENTICAL PARTICLES
Identical particles: Symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions, distinguishability of identical
particles, Pauli’s exclusion principle, connection with statistical mechanics, collisions of identical
particles. Spin angular momentum: connection between spin and statistics, spin matrices and
eigenfunctions. Spin functions for two electron system. Atomic levels of Helium atoms as an
example of two electron system.
UNIT-IV
RADIATION AND RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM MECHANICS
Semi-classical theory of radiation: Transition probability for absorption and induced emission, electric
dipole and forbidden transitions, selection rules.
Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein – Gordon equation, Dirac equation, Dirac α and β matrices,
Dirac equation in covariant form, Dirac plane wave solution, Negative energy states.
1. Quantum Mechanics, L.I. Schiff ( Tata McGraw-Hill)

2. Quantum Physics,S. Gasiorowicz (Wiley, New York)
3. Quantum Mechanics, B. Craseman and J.D. Powell ( Narosa, New Delhi)
4. Quantum Mechanics, A.P. Messiah
5. Modern Quantum Mechanics, J.J. Sakurai (Addison Wesley)
6. A Text book of Quantum Mechanics, P. M. Mathews & K. Venkatesan (Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi)
7. Quantum Mechanics, Ghatak & Loknathan
8. Quantum Mechanics, Chhen Tannoudji
9. Quantum Mechanics, M. P. Khanna (Har Anand, New Delhi)
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS SPL-I
(CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND IMPERFECTIONS IN CRYSTALS)
Course Objectives: To familiarize the students with the topics like crystal structure and its
determination using many x-ray diffraction techniques for various forms of the crystalline samples
e.g. single crystal, polycrystalline etc.. The students will learn about the imperfections, their
classification and consequences (after effects of defects) in enhancing the properties of crystalline
solids. The defect analysis in crystals will be familiarized so that the students are confident enough to
use the relevant knowledge and information in research and development of materials and device
applications.
UNIT - I
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Elementary concepts of space group and its relevance to crystalline structure. Principle of powder
Diffractometer. Interpretation of powder photograph, Analysis indexing: Ito’s method. Accurate
determination of lattice parameters-least-square method. Rietveld analysis. Application of powder
method. Liquid crystals and quasicrystals.
UNIT - II
DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS
Interpretation of oscillation photograph, X-ray method of orienting crystals about a crystallographic
direction, Bernal chart, Indexing of reflections, Burger’s precession method. Determination of relative
structure amplitude from measured intensity (Lorentz and Polarization factors). Fourier representation
of electron density. The phase problem, Patterson function
UNIT - III
IMPERFECTION OF CRYSTALS
Point Defects (Schottky and Frenkel) and their thermodynamics, Color Centres F, M, R, V and H,
Polarons and Excitons, Edge dislocation and screw dislocation, Mechanism of plastic deformation in
solids, Stress and strain fields of screw and edge dislocation, Elastic energy of dislocations, Forces
between dislocations, Stress needed to operate Frenkel-Read source, Dislocations in fcc, hcp and bcc
lattices.
UNIT - IV
DEFECT ANALYSIS
Partial dislocations and stacking faults in closed-packed structures. Experimental method of detecting
dislocations and stacking faults in closed packed structures, Electron Microscopy: Kinematic theory
of diffraction contrast and line imaging. Optical techniques for the observation of defects:
Photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy
Text and Reference Books:

1. Crystallography for Solid State Physics: Verma and Srivastava.
2. X-ray Crystallography: Azraf.
3. Elementary Dislocation Theory: Weertman and Weerdt man.
4. Crystal Structure Analysis: Burger
5. Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals: Hirsh.
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS SPL-II
(CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS)
Course Objectives: To introduce the students about various characterization techniques used for
materials characterization so that they are confident to use the relevant techniques in their later career.
compulsory. Question Number one (1) will have short answer/conceptual/numerical problem
UNIT-I
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
X-ray characterization of imperfections in crystals, Basic concepts of small angle X-ray scattering and
its application in evaluation of shape and size of surface particles. Double Crystal Diffractometer.
Neutron scattering and diffraction with reference to light elements.
UNIT-II
ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUES
LEED (Low Energy Electron Diffraction) for surface structures, Surface Topography, Elementary
Concepts of Scanning and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Techniques for chemical analysis.
Transmission electron Microscopy, SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy).
UNIT-III
OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES
Double Beam IR Spectrometers, Basic Concepts of Raman Spectroscopy in Solids, Optical
Multichannel Analysis (OMA) Raman Spectroscopy. Identification and Analysis of Optic and
Acoustic Modes in Solids. Electronic Absorption Study for Band Gap Determination.
UNIT-IV
ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS
Basic of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy,
Mossbauer spectroscopy, Microwave spectroscopy.

1. Analytical Techniques for Thin Films-Treatise on Material Science and Technology, Vol. 27:
K.N. Tu and R. Rosenberg (ed).
2. Electron Microprobe Analysis: S.J.B. Reed.
3. Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 4: R. Gomer (ed.).
4. Analysis of high Temperature Materials: Van Der Biest (ed.)
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
ELECTRONICS SPL-I
(ANALOG COMMUNICATION)

Duration of Exam: 3Hrs
Course Objective: The course introduces the students to concept of properties, generation, detection
and application of microwave. Further analog signal communication and its use in satellite
communication is also being introduced to the students.
UNIT -I
MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS
Microwave characteristic features & applications, Waveguide and cavity resonators, Two cavities
Klystron, Reflex Klystron, Gunn diode characteristics, microwave antenna, Detection of microwave,
Dielectric constant measurement, Isolator and circulator, PIN diode modulator, Directional coupler,
Avalanche Transit Time Devices: IMPATT Diode-Physical structure, Principle of operation,
breakdown voltage, Avalanche and Drift region.
UNIT -II
RADAR COMMUNICATION
Basic Radar systems, Radar range equation and performance factor, Radar Cross-section, Pulsed
Radar system, Duplexer, Radar display, Doppler Radar, CWIF Radar, FMCW Radar, Moving
Target Indicator (MTI), Blind Speeds.
UNIT -III
ANALOG SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
Introduction, Amplitude, Frequency & phase modulation; AM, FM modulating and demodulating
circuits; AM, FM Receivers functioning (Block Diagram) and characteristic features; Pulse
modulation; Sampling Processes, PAM, PWM and PPM modulation and demodulation, Quantization
noise, PCM, Differential PCM and Delta modulation systems,
Comparison of PCM and PDM, Time division multiplexing.
UNIT -IV
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Principle of Satellite communication, Satellite frequency allocation and band spectrum, Satellite
orbit, trajectory and its stability, Satellite link Design, Elements of Digital Satellite Communication,
Multiple Access Technique, Antenna system, Transponder, Satellite Applications.

1. Digital and Analog Communication Systems : K. San Shanmugam, John Wiley and Sons.
2. Communication Systems : Simon Haykin, John Wiley and Sons
3. Principles of Communication System, H. Taub and D.L. Schilling, TMH
4. Electronic Communication System, G. Kennedy, B. Davis and S.R.M. Prasanna, TMH
5. Microwave and Radar Engineering : M.Kulkarni.
6. Satellite Communication : Pratt and Bosterin.
7. Microwave : K.C. Gupta.
M.Sc. Physics
III Semester
ELECTRONICS SPL-II
(DIGITAL COMMUNICATION)
Course Objectives: To expose the students to Advances in Information theory, coding, Digital signal
processing, Fiber optics communication and some basics of interfacing techniques.
UNIT - I
SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND NOISE
Basics Elements of Communication Systems, Fourier Representation of Periodic and Non-Periodic
Signals, Impulse And Step Response of Systems, Time and Frequency Domain Analysis of Systems, Ideal
and Real Filters, Noise in Communication Systems, Signal To Noise Ratio, Noise Equivalent Bandwidth
and Noise Figure.
UNIT – II
INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING
Introduction, Amount of Information, Average Information, Shannon Encoding Algorithm,
Communication Channels, Rate of Information And Capacity of Discrete Memoryless Channels,
Shanon-Hartley Theorem. Linear Block Cyclic Codes.
UNIT – III
DIGITAL SIGNAL (DATA) TRANSMISSION
Introduction, Optimum Receiver For Binary Digital Modulation Schemes, Binary ASK, Binary FSK,
Binary PSK And Differential PSK Signaling Schemes, Serial Data Communication in Computers USART
8251, Basics Communication Networks(LAN,WAN,MAN) And Its Topology
UNIT – IV
FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION
Basic Optical Communication System, Wave Propagation in Optical Fibre Media, Step and Graded Index
Fiber, Material Dispersion And Mode Propagation, Losses in Fibre, Optical Fibre Sources (LEDs and
LASERs) And Detectors (PIN Photodiode, APD Photodiode), Optical Joints And Couplers

1. Digital and Analog Communication Systems: K. San Shanmugam.
2. Communication Systems: Simon Haykin.
3. Optical Fibre Communication: Kaiser.
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
NUCLEAR PHYSICS SPL-I
(NUCLEAR REACTIONS)
Course Objectives: To expose the students to the relatively advanced topics in nuclear reactions so
that they understand the details of the underlying aspects and associated theory.
UNIT-I
NUCLEAR FORCES AND REACTIONS
Qualitative features and phenomenological potentials, Charge symmetry and charge independence of
nuclear forces. Exchange forces, Generalized Pauli exclusion principle, Meson theory of nuclear
forces, Relationship between the range of the force and mass of the mediating particle.
Type of nuclear reactions, Q-value of nuclear reactions and its determination. Invariance in nuclear
reactions. Basic concepts of cross section: Total cross section, Partial cross section, differential cross
section. Cross section in terms of partial wave analysis.
UNIT-II
SCATTERING THEORY-I
Elementary scattering theory: form of the wave function, incident wave, laboratory and centre of
mass system, internal states, scattered waves, differential cross –sections, the Schrodinger equation,
coupled equations form of the Schrodinger equation, integral form of Schrodinger equation for
scattering by a potential.
UNIT-III
SCATTERING THEORY-II
Born and distorted wave Born approximation, Integral equation for a general collision. Significance
of partial waves, partial wave expansions, ingoing and outgoing waves, scattering matrix and phase
shifts, phase shifts for potential scattering, partial wave expression for scattering amplitudes, effects
of Coulomb forces.
UNIT-IV
DEUTERON PROBLEM
Physical properties of deuteron: Mass, binding energy, spin or total angular momentum, parity,
magnetic moment and electric quadrupole moment. Ground state of deuteron (square well potential),
Range depth relationship for square well potential. Neutron-proton scattering at low energy, Concept
of scattering length and significance of its sign. Spin dependence of neutron-proton scattering,
Effective range theory of neutron-proton scattering.
Text and Reference Books
2. Concepts of Nuclear Physics by Bernard L Cohen (TMH).
3. Nuclear Physics: Theory and Experiment by R R Roy and B P Nigam (New Age Int.)
5. Introduction to nuclear reactions G R Satchler (Oxford university Press)
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
NUCLEAR PHYSICS SPL-II
(NUCLEAR DETECTORS)
Course Objectives: To expose the students to different theoretical aspects of design and usage of
various nuclear detectors.
UNIT-I
INTERACTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES
Interaction of heavy charged particles with matter in low, medium and high velocity region.
Range-Energy relationship for heavy charged particles, Energy and range straggling. Interaction of
fast electrons in matter. Basic idea of photon Interaction in Matter, linear and mass absorption
coefficients of gamma rays in matter. Distribution of energy deposition by photon in a finite medium.
Mechanism of charge production in detector media.
UNIT-II
GAS DETECTORS
Features of Gas Ionization Detectors: Mobility of charge(ions and electrons) carriers, Electron
attachment and recombination, Gas multiplication and modes of operation of gas detectors.
Pulse-mode operated ionization chambers: Pulse formation in a parallel plate ionization chamber,
Gridded ionization chambers and measurements of energy of heavily ionizing particles.
Geiger-Muller Counters: The Geiger discharge, Development of pulse and quenching, Dead time,
Geiger plateau, Counting efficiency.
UNIT-III
SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS
Interaction of heavy charged particles, electrons and photons with silicon and germanium. Production
of electron-hole pairs. Semiconductor properties, Detector medium requirement and role of p-n
junction, Working of p-n junction detector, Charge collection and pulse shape. Diffused junction
silicon detectors, Surface barrier detectors, Lithium-Drifted silicon detectors, Si(Li),. Lithium-Drifted
Germanium detectors, Ge(Li),.
UNIT-IV
SCINTILLATION DETECTORS
Scintillation mechanism and classification of scintillation materials: Mechanism of scintillations in
inorganic crystal scintillators, Mechanism of scintillations in organic crystal scintillators, Scintillation
response, Time characteristics of scintillator output, Detection efficiency of scintillation detectors,
Energy resolution of scintillation detectors.
Inorganic scintillators: Thallium activated sodium iodide-NaI(Tl) scintillator. Photo and electron
multipliers: Photomultiplier tubes.

1. Nuclear Radiation Detector by S S Kapoor and V S Ramamurthy(New Age Int.).
2. Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments by W R Leo (Springer-Verlag)
3. Nuclear Radiation Detection, Measurements and Analysis by K Muraleedhara Varier (Narosa)
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
Condensed Matter Physics Lab-I
Course Objectives: To train the students about experimental techniques in condensed matter physics so
that they can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to handle sophisticated equipment
and analyze the data.
Note: Students will be required to perform at least TEN experiments in a semester.
1. Measurement of lattice parameter and indexing of powder photograph.

2. Identification of unknown sample using powder diffraction method.
3. To study the modulus of rigidity and internal friction in a metal as a functioning temperature.
4. To measure the cleavage step height of a crystal by multiple Fizaeu Fringes.
5. To study the ferroelectric transitions in BaTiO3 crystal and measurement of Curie temperature.
6. To determine magneto resistance of a Ge/ Si crystal as a function of magnetic field.
7. To find the ‘g’ factor of DPPH using electron spin resonance.
8. To study electric properties of oxide materials / thin films of metals/ semiconducting oxides.
9. Band gap measurement of oxide materials using UV spectroscopy.
10. To study NMR spectra of 1H and 11F nuclei or other similar nuclei using NMR spectrometer.
11. To Measurement of Susceptibility of Paramagnetic liquids by Q-tube Method.
12. To study the dielectric properties of ferromagnetic materials.
NOTE: MORE EXPERIMENTS MAY BE ADDED TIME TO TIME.

M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
ELECTRONICS LABORATORY-I
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To train the students about experimental techniques in electronics, so that
they can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to handle sophisticated equipment and
analyze the data.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Note: Students are expected to perform at least TEN experiments out of following list.
1. To study a 650nm fiber optic link for both analog signal and digital signal and also to
observe the relationship between the input and received signal.
2. To obtain the intensity modulation of given sinusoidal and digital optical fiber signal.
3. Study of the low pass, high pass and band pass filters using the passive elements and active
elements.
4. To Study the demodulation of AM wave. (ii) To study various aspects of frequency
modulation and demodulation.
5. Design of Regulated power supply and study of its characteristics.
6. To study various displays and drivers on a breadboard – Assembling circuits on
breadboard.
7. To study the effect of noise on various analog system, calculate signal to noise ratio, noise
figure, noise power and noise power spectral density.
8. To study the characteristic, propagation modes, wavelength and phase velocity in a
waveguide.
9. PLL characteristics and its applications.
10. PAM, PWM and PPM Modulation and demodulation.
11. To study Satellite Communication link using various signals.
12. To determine the Dielectric constant of a material using microwave bench.
13. To measure numerical aperture, propagation loss, bending loss and connector loss in optical
fibre.
14. To determine the standing wave ratio and reflection coefficient of microwave using
microwave bench.
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-III
NUCLEAR PHYSICS LAB-I

Course Objectives: To train the students about experimental techniques in nuclear physics, particle
physics so that they can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to handle sophisticated
equipment and analyze the data.
Note: Students are expected to perform seven experiments.
1. To verify the inverse square law using gamma rays.

2. To estimate the efficiency of GM detector for (a) gamma source (b) beta source
3. To find the Linear & mass attenuation coefficient using gamma source.
4. To study the Solid State Nuclear Track Detector.
5. To determine the mass absorption coefficient for beta rays.
6. To study the counting statistics for radioactive decay using SSNTD.
7. To determine the operating voltage of a photomultiplier tube.
8. To find efficiency of NaI (Tl) detector.
9. To study Compton scattering using computer code.
10. To study the Rutherford scattering through code.

M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Course Objectives: This course has been developed to impart knowledge to the students about the
statistical basic of thermodynamics, classical and quantum statics, first and second order phase
transitions and fluctuations in thermodynamic quantities.
UNIT - I
STATISTICAL BASIS OF THERMODYNAMICS
The microscopic and macroscopic states, Concept of equal a priori probability, contact between
statistics and thermodynamics, classical ideal gas, Entropy of Mixing, Gibbs paradox and its solution,
Phase space, Liouville's theorem, Ensemble and Ensemble average.
UNIT - II
ENSEMBLE THEORY
Micro-canonical ensemble theory and its application to ideal gas of monatomic particles;
canonical ensemble and its thermodynamics, partition function; classical ideal gas in canonical
ensemble, energy fluctuations in canonical ensemble; equipartition and Virial theorems, a
system of quantum harmonic oscillators in canonical ensemble; Grand canonical ensemble
and significance of statistical quantities, classical ideal gas in grand canonical ensemble;
density and energy fluctuations in grand canonical ensemble.
UNIT - III
QUANTUM STATISTICS OF IDEAL SYSTEMS
Quantum states and phase space; an ideal gas in quantum mechanical ensembles, Ideal Bose
system, basic concepts and thermodynamic behaviour of an ideal Bose gas; Bose Einstein
condensation; gas of photons (the radiation fields) and gas of
phonons (the Debye field); Ideal Fermi systems: thermodynamic behaviour of an ideal Fermi gas,
discussion of heat capacity of a free electron gas at low temperatures.
UNIT - IV
ELEMENTS OF PHASE TRANSITIONS & FLUCTUATIONS
First and second order phase transitions, a dynamical model of phase transitions, Critical
indices, One and two dimensional Ising model, Thermodynamic fluctuations,
Random walk and Brownian motion, Introduction to non-equilibrium processes, Diffusion equation.

1. Statistical Mechanics (2nd edition): R.K. Patharia (Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford).
2. Statistical Mechanics: K. Huang (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi).
3. Statistical Mechanics: B.K. Agarwal and M. Eisner (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi).
4. Elementary Statistical Physics: C. Kittel (Wiley, New York).
5. Statistical Mechanics: S.K. Sinha (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi).
6. A textbook of Statistical Mechanics by Suresh Chandra, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
7. Introduction to modern statistical mechanics by David Chandler, OXFORD University press.
8. Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters, and Complexity by James P. Sethna, CLARENDON
PRESS. OXFORD 2011.
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Course Objectives: To understand the fundamentals of atomic and molecular physics. To provide a
coherent and concise coverage of traditional atomic and molecular physics.
compulsory. Question Number one (1) will have short answer/conceptual /numerical problem
UNIT – I
ATOMIC PHYSICS
Physical interpretation of quantum numbers, Pauli’s principle and the building-up principle, Space
Quantization, Two electron system: L-S and JJ coupling scheme, Interaction energy in L-S and J-J
coupling, atomic states arriving due to different electronic configuration (equivalent and
non-equivalent electrons), Briet’s scheme, Spectrum of He-atom and Heisenberg resonance. Hyperfine
structure of Spectra lines: Isotope effect and effect of Nuclear Spin., Zeeman, Paschen-Bach & Stark
effects,
UNIT –II
MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Microwave spectroscopy: Diatomic molecule as rigid rotator; its energy level and spectra, Intensity of
rotational lines, Diatomic molecule as non rigid rotator. Isotope effect in rotational spectra
Infrared spectroscopy: Diatomic molecules as harmonic and anharmonic oscillator, Diatomic
molecule as vibrating rotator, Energy levels and spectrum, thermal distribution of quantum states,
Isotope effect in vibration spectra.
Raman spectroscopy: Introduction, Pure rotational Raman spectra, Pure Vibrational Raman spectra,
Raman rotational vibrational spectra
UNIT –III
ELECTRONIC BAND SPECTRA
Salient features of electronic band spectra, Born Oppenheimer approximation, Vibrational coarse
structure of electronic bands, progression and sequences, Rotational fine structure of electronic bands,
The Fortrat parabola.
Intensity of electronic bands: Franck Condon principle (absorption and emission), quantum
mechanical treatment of Franck Condon principle.
UNIT –IV
NMR, ESR SPECTROSCOPY
Laser: Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficient, optical pumping, population
inversion, rate equation, modes of resonator and coherence length.
NMR: Basic principles, classical and quantum description, spin-spin relaxation times, chemical shift,
experimental method; ESR: Basic principles, ESR spectrometer, nuclear interaction and hyperfine
structure, relaxation effects, g-factor.
Text and References Books:
1. Introduction to Atomic spectra: H.E. White

2. Fundamental of Molecular spectroscopy: C.N. Banwell
3. Atomic spectra & Structure: G. Herzberg
4. Physics of Atoms and Molecule: Bransden and Joachain
5. Molecular spectroscopy: J. M. Brown
6. Introduction to Molecular spectroscopy : G. M. Barrow
7. Spectra of Atoms and Molecule: P.F. Bemath
8. Laser- Theory and Application: K. Thyagrajan and A. K. Ghatak
9. Principle of Fluorescence spectroscopy : Lacowicz
10. Theory & Interpretation of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Ralph S Beck
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS SPL-III
(RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES)
Course Objectives: To expose the students to the basics of the alternative energy sources like solar
energy, hydrogen energy, etc.
UNIT-I
Solar Energy: Fundamental and Material Aspects
Fundamental of photovoltaic Energy Conversion Physics and Material Properties, Basic to
Photovoltaic Energy Conversion: Optical properties of Solids. Direct and indirect transition
semiconductors, interrelationship between absorption coefficients and band gap recombination of
carriers.
UNIT-II
Solar Energy: Different Types of Solar Cells
Types of Solar Cells, p-n junction solar cell, Solar cell classification, Open circuit voltage and short
circuit current, Brief description of single crystal silicon, Multicrystalline Silicon and Amorphous
Silicon solar cell. Module, Panel and Array Construction. Polymer Solar Cells, Elementary ideas of
Advanced Solar Cells, Principles of Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells.
UNIT-III
Hydrogen Energy: Fundamentals, Production and Storage
Relevance in relation to depletion of fossil fuels and environmental considerations. Solar Hydrogen
through Photo electrolysis, Physics of material characteristics for production of Solar Hydrogen. Brief
discussion of various storage processes, special features of solid hydrogen storage materials,
Structural and electronic characteristics of storage materials.
UNIT-IV
Hydrogen Energy: Safety and Utilization
Various factors relevant to safety, use of Hydrogen as Fuel, Use in Vehicular transport, Hydrogen for
Electricity Generation, Fuel Cells, Various type of Fuel Cells, Applications of Fuel Cell, Elementary
concepts of other Hydrogen-Based devices such as Hydride Batteries.

1. Solar Cell Devies-Physics: Fonash
2. Fundamentals of Solar Cells Photovoltaic Solar Energy: Fahrenbruch & Bube
3. Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells: Chandra
4. Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier Technologies Systems Economy: Winter & Nitch (Eds.)
5. Hydrogen as a Future Energy Carrier: Andreas Zuttel, Andreas Borgschulte and Louis Schlapbach
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS SPL-IV
(Physics & Technology of Nanomaterials)

Course Objectives: To familiarize the students of to the various aspects related to preparation,
characterization and study of different properties of the nanomaterials so that they can pursue this
emerging research field as career.
Unit-I
Physics of Nanomaterials
Definition of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, Nano scale architecture, A Brief description on
electronic properties of atoms and solids. Effect of nano-scale dimensions on structural, thermal,
chemical, electrical, mechanical & magnetic properties. Quantum confinement & energy levels (in
rectangular, circular and spherical potential wells), Band structure, Density of states in 0D, 1D, 2D &
3D materials, Quantum dots, wires, & wells. superlattices, Quantum Corral, 2D electron gas,
Heterostructures & Effective mass in Heterostructures.
Unit-II
Nanofabrication Techniques
Bottom up & Top down approaches, brief description of various fabrication methods of
nano-materials. Top down tech: Ball milling, optical & electron beam Lithography, Dip pen
lithography, Melt Mixing. Bottom up: PVD-vapour phase expansion, direct gas phase condensation
(Formation of Clusters and Nanoparticles from a Supersaturated Vapours), Ion beam technique,
molecular beam epitaxy (Thin film deposition), Chemical bath deposition, capping techniques,
sputtering, thermal evaporation, and laser methods, Electro-Deposition and Sol- Gel techniques
(Synthesis of Oxides)
Unit-III
General Characterization Technique
Structural & surface Characterization- XRD, SAXS, Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Surface Probe microscopy- Scanning Tunnelling Probe
microscopes (STM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Electron spectroscopy techniques – AES,
XPS, SIMS, Ellipsometry, Surface plasma resonance techniques
Unit-IV
Nano materials & Devices
Qualitative idea of Carbon based nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, Fullerene, Graphene, Metal matrix
composites, Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Fullerene, Carbon Nanotube based logic gates.
Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Nanowires- porous Silicon, nano-belts, nano-ribbons, nano-springs.
Resonant Tunnelling Devices (RTDs), Single electron effects devices, Nano transistor, Band Gap
Engineered Quantum Devices, energy conversion devices
Ultra-sensitive magnetic sensors, bio-sensor, Sensors for aerospace and defence: Accelerometer,
Pressure Sensor, Night Vision System,
Text and References Books:

1. Nanoscale Science and Technology, R.W. Kelsall, I.W. Hamley, John Wiley & sons
2. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials - Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Cao,Guozhong
3. Physics of semiconductor, K.P. Jain, Narosa 1997
4. Introduction of Nanotechnology, Poole and Owners, John Wiley & sons
5. Nanoscience & Technology: Novel structure and phenomena’s, Ping Sheng
6. Nano Engineering in Science & Technology : An introduction to the world of nano design,
Michael Rieth.
7. Nano-materials Synthesis, Properties and Applications, A S Edelstein, IOP Publishing Ltd
8. Sensors: Micro & Nano-sensors, Sensor Market trends (Part 1&2),H. Meixner
9. Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, Bharat Bhusan
10. Handbook of Semiconductor Nanostructures, A. A. Balandin
11. Nanotechnology: Principles and Practices, Sulabha K. Kulkarni, Capital Publishing Company
New Delhi
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
ELECTRONICS SPL-III
(NOVEL AND SMART MATERIALS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES: To introduce the students about electronic materials and their properties,
integrated circuits, nano-materials, and engineering materials so as to use them for various
applications later.
UNIT -I
PHYSICAL MECHANISM IN ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
Crystal Structures of Electronic materials (Elemental, III-IV and VI semiconductors), Energy
band consideration in solids in relation to semiconductors, Direct and Indirect Semiconductor,
Electron/Hole concentration and Fermi energy in Intrinsic/Extrinsic semiconductor, Continuity
equation, Carrier mobility in Semiconductors, Carrier Trapping and recombination/generation in
semiconductors, Shockley theory of recombination, Defect related electronics states characterization
by C-V characteristics of electronic junction devices.
UNIT -II
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FABRICATION
Introduction to IC technology, Fabrication of I.C. : Silicon Wafer Preparation, Basic monolithic
integrated circuit epitaxial growth, diffusion of impurities, Photolithography, Fabrication of
monolithic IC s, Active and Passive components, advantages of IC s, MSI, LSI , Application of IC
and Clean Room Specification.
UNIT –III
NANOMATERIALS
Introduction to Nanomaterial, comparison of properties of nano-and bulk materials, top-down and
bottom up approach, methods used for synthesis of nano-materials. Nano-thin films: development and
applications, Carbon Nano-tubes: synthesis and properties. Applications of nano-materials.
UNIT -IV
ENGINEERING MAGNETIC MATERIALS
Hard and soft Magnetic materials, ferrites, Types of Ferrites, Rare earth compounds and bonded
magnets. Materials for antenna, inductor and transformer cores. Magnetic recording fundamentals.
Particulate and thin film recording media. Recording heads: ferrite heads, metal in gap heads, thin
film heads and magnetoresistive heads. Fundamentals opto magneto opto recording. Magneto optical
recording media and heads. Introduction to magnetic bubbles.

1. Physics of Semiconductor Devices : S.M. Sze, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Semiconductor Devices Basic Principles : Jaspreet Singh, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Metal/Semiconductor Schottky Barrier Junction and their Applications : B.L. Sharma.
4. Encyclopaedia of Applied Physics G.L. Trig Vol. 9, G.L. Trigg, V.CH Publishers, 1994.
5. Linear Integrated Circuits : D. Roy Choudhury and Shail B. Jain, New Age Int. Pub
6. Integrated Electronics : Millman and Halkias (Tata McGraw Hill) 1991.
7. Introduction to Nanotechnology C.P. Poole, Jr. Frank J. Owens, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.  
8. Nanotechnology: Principles & Practices S.K. Kulkarni, Capital Publishing Company  
9. Introduction to Nanoscience and Technology K.K. Chattopadhyay and A. N. Banerjee, PHI .  
10. Nanoscale Science and Technology, Robert W. Kelsall, Ian W. Hamley, John Wiley & Sons.  
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
ELECTRONICS SPL-IV
(MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING)
Course Objectives: To expose the students about Advances in Microprocessors, Microcontrollers and
Digital signal processing and some basics of instrumentation and interfacing techniques.
UNIT – I
MICROPROCESSOR 8085
Introduction to microcomputer, Microprocessor (μP) 8085 Architecture, addressing modes, memory
interfacing, interfacing I/O device. Instruction set and classification, op code and operand, fetch and
execute cycle, timing diagram for memory read and memory write, machine cycle, instruction cycle and T
states, Assembly language Programming examples.
UNIT - II
MICROPROCESSOR 8086
Architecture, Pin description for minimum and maximum modes, internal operation, Instruction Execution
timing diagram, Addressing modes, Instruction format for constructing machine language codes.
Instruction set and directives, Stacks, Procedures, Macros and interrupts. I/O interfacing and data transfer
scheme. Programming example.
UNIT – III
PROGRAMMABLE AND NON PROGRAMMABLE ICS
Introduction to microcontroller 8051. Block diagram and PSW for: - 8253(timer and counters controllers),
8259 (interrupt controller), 8279 (keyboard and display controller). Brief idea of Architecture and memory
management of 80286.
UNIT - IV
MICROPROCESSOR BASED MEASUREMENT/CONTROL CIRCUITS
D/A and A/D Converters, PPI 8255 Data Acquisition and storage, Microprocessor based traffic light
controller, Temperature and water level indicator/controller. DC and stepper motor speed measurements,
Waveform generation and frequency measurement.
1. Fundamentals of Microprocessor and Microcomputer : B. Ram.
2. Microprocessor System the 8086/8088 Family : Liu and Gibson.
3. Microprocessor Architecture Programming and Application : R.S. Goanker.
4. Introduction to microprocessor : A.P. Mathur.
5. Microprocessor and Interfacing : D.V. Hal
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
NUCLEAR PHYSICS SPL-III
(NUCLEAR MODELS)
Course Objectives: To introduce the students about nuclear properties, shell structure, coupling and
nuclear models.
compulsory. Question Number one (1) will have short answer/conceptual/ numerical problem questions
covering the entire syllabus and will be compulsory. The rest eight question will be set, two from each
unit. The students will attempt five questions in all including the compulsory question and select at least
one question from each unit. All questions will carry equal marks.
UNIT-I
NUCLEAR FISSION AND STATISTICAL MODEL
Semi-empirical mass formula, Potential energy, Kinetic energy, Coulomb energy, Pairing energy,
Shell effect. Nuclear fission, Spontaneous nuclear fission, Bohr and Wheeler theory of nuclear fission.
Quantum treatment of nuclear fission or Barrier Penetration for fission. Statistical model of nuclear
fission. Concept of photofission.
UNIT-II
SHELL MODEL-I
Evidence for nuclear shell structure, Concept of magic numbers, Properties of magic nucleus,
Three-dimensional central Schrodinger equation, The square-well potential: the energy eigenvalue
problem for bound states, The harmonic oscillator potential.
UNIT-III
SHELL MODEL-II
Need of introducing spin-orbit coupling to reproduce the magic numbers, Extreme single particle
shell model and its predictions regarding ground state spin parity, magnetic moment and electric
quadrupole moments, Schmidt lines, Nordheim’s rule for total angular momenta, Single particle
model, Configuration mixing. Individual (independent) particle model.
UNIT-IV
COLLECTIVE MODEL
Qualitative feature of collective model, Rotational mode, Rotational energy spectra and the nuclear
wave function for even-even and odd-A nuclei. Vibrational mode, Potential energy and total
Hamiltonian in vibration mode.
1. Theory of Nuclear Structure by M. K. Pal
2. Nuclear Physics: Theory and Experiment by R R Roy and B P Nigam (New Age Int.)
4. Basic ideas and concepts in Nuclear Physics by K Heyde (Second Edition Overseas Press)
5. Nuclear Structure Vol. 1& 2 by Aage Bohr and Ben R Mottelson (world Scientific)
6. Nuclear shell theory by Amos de- Shalit and Igal Talmi (New York Academic press)
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
NUCLEAR PHYSICS SPL-IV
(NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTATION AND APPLICATIONS)
Course Objectives: To introduce the students about various accelerators and radiation applications
and protection.
Note:The Examiners will set nine questions for semester end examination with one question
UNIT-I
PARTICLE ACCELERATORS-I
Radiofrequency Accelerators : Linear accelerators - Resonance acceleration and phase stability,
electron and proton Linacs. Circular accelerators- Cyclotron, Frequency Modulated
Synchrocyclotron, AVF Cyclotron, Alternating-gradient accelerators.
UNIT-II
PARTICLE ACCELERATORS-II
Electrostatic and Heavy Ion Accelerators : Van de Graaff voltage generator, Cockcroft-Walton voltage
generator, insulating column, voltage measurement, Acceleration of heavy ions, Tandem electrostatic
accelerator, Production of heavy negative ions, Pelletron and Tandetron, Cluster beams,
Superconducting Heavy Ion Linear Accelerators.
UNIT-III
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS & COINCIDENCE TECHNIQUES
Introduction, Industrial uses: tracing, gauging, material modification, sterilization, food preservation.
Neutron activation analysis, rutherford backscattering, particle induced X-ray emission, accelerator
mass spectrometry.
Time of flight technique (TOF), Recoil distance measurement and concept of pulse shape
discrimination. Data acquisition system(DAS), Importance of coincidence techniques.
UNIT-IV
NUCLEAR RADIATION: BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS & SAFETY
Biological effects of radiation: Introduction, initial interactions, direct and indirect physical damage,
indirect chemical damage, dose, dose rate and dose distribution and relative biological effectiveness.
equivalent dose, Effective Dose, Typical doses from sources (Natural, Environmental & Medical
exposures), Radiation shielding and its safety (Gamma-rays, electrons, positrons, charged particles,
Neutrons)
1. Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments by W R Leo (Springer-Verlag)

2. Nuclear Radiation Detection, Measurements and Analysis by K Muraleedhara Varier (Narosa)
4. Particle Accelerator Physics, Vol I and II, H.J. Wiedman, Springer Verlag (1998)
5. Particle Accelerators, M.S. Livingston and J.P. Blewel, McGraw-Hill Book Press.
6. Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions Part-A, Ed. J. Cerny, Academic Press, 1974.
7. Theory of Resonance Linear Accelerators by I.M. Kapchenkey, Harwood, Academic
Publishers.
8. Nuclear physics: Principles and applications by John Lilley (Wiley-India)
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
Condensed Matter Physics Lab-II
Course Objectives: To train the students about advanced experimental techniques in condensed matter
physics so that they can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to handle sophisticated
Note: Students will be required to perform at least TEN experiments in a semester.

1. Study of hysteresis loop of ferroelectric ceramics at different temperature & determination of
phase transition.
2. Measurement of Susceptibility of Paramagnetic Solution by Quinck’s tube Method
3. To study the dielectric constant of liquids.
4. To measure the relative humidity of air/ water.
5. To determine the ultrasonic velocity in liquids/solids with a high degree of accuracy.
6. Synthesis of nano-ferrites by hydrothermal method.
7. Synthesis of oxide nanoparticles by sol gel method and band gap determination.
8. Study of crystalline properties of materials using XRD
9. Study and identification of functional group or elements present in a sample using FTIR
technique
10. Intensity measurement using UV Spectrum study
11. To determine the lattice constant of oxide Nanomaterials ( Like semiconducting oxide ) using
X ray diffraction
12. Study of magnetoresistance effect in metallic , semiconductor and amorphous sample
13. Study of Dielectric constant & curie temperature of ferroelectric ceramics.

M. Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
Electronics Laboratory-II
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To train the students about advanced experimental techniques in electronics,
so that they can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to handle sophisticated
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Note: 1. Students are expected to perform at least TEN experiments in each semester.
1.To study the magnetostriction property of the magnetic material.
2.To study the Electrical properties of the developed materials as a function of doping material.
3. To Study variation of electrical/dielectric properties of different materials as a function of
temperature.
4. To study the piezoelectric effect in materials.
5.To determine Hall Voltage, concentration of charge carrier and the type of semiconductor
in the Hall effect experiment.
6. Design of a waveform generator using Comparator IC and study its characteristics.
7. D/A converter interfacing and frequency/temperature measurement with microprocessor
8085 / 8086
8. A/D converter interfacing and AC/DC voltage/current measurement using microprocessor
8085/8086.
9. PPI 8251 interfacing with microprocessor for serial communication.
10. To setup logic conditions for the input and the output at data bus port of BBC microcomputer.
11. To calibrate ADC of the BBC microcomputer.
12. (a) Selection of port for I & O and generation of different waveforms (b) control of stepper motor.
M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
Nuclear Physics Lab-II
COURSE OBJECTIVES: To train the students about advanced experimental techniques in nuclear
physics, particle physics so that they can investigate various relevant aspects and are confident to
handle sophisticated equipment and analyze the data.
Note: Students are expected to perform seven experiments.
1. To determine the range and energy of alpha particles using spark counter
2. To study Compton Scattering experiment.
3. To study the Rutherford back scattering experiment.
4. To study Poisson and Gaussian distributions using a GM Counter.
5. To calibrate a gamma ray spectrometer and to determine the energy of a given gamma ray
source.
6. To determine the beta ray spectrum of beta source (like Cs-137) and to calculate the binding
energy of K-shell electron of given source.
7. To study the various modes in a multichannel analyzer and to calculate the energy resolution,
energy of gamma ray.
8. To find the radial part of wave function of deuteron in its ground state using Runge- Kutta
Method.
9. Solve the s-wave Schrodinger equation for the ground state of the hydrogen atom.
10. Simulating of nuclear radioactivity by Monte Carlo technique.

M.Sc. Physics
Semester-IV
Project Dissertation
16hrs/Weak Max. Marks: (50+100)
Duration of Exam: 01 hour
The aim of the dissertation work in M.Sc. (Physics) 4th semester is to expose the students to
preliminaries and methodology of research and as such it may consist of review of some research
papers, development of a laboratory experiment, fabrication of a device, working out some problem,
participation in some ongoing research activity, analysis of data, etc. The work can be in Experimental
Physics or Theoretical Physics in the thrust as well as non-thrust research areas of the department.
The students must submit their Dissertation in the department before 30th June.
Internal assessment of the dissertation work will be carried out by a committee constituted by
Chairperson of the Department through power presentation given by candidate during the semester.
External assessment of the dissertation work will be carried out by an external examiner through
presentation given by candidate.
This load (equivalent to 02 hours per week/per student) will be counted towards the normal teaching
load of the teacher.
Guidelines for dissertation
PHY-632 C
1. Dissertation will be evaluated internally by a committee constituted by Chairperson of the

department during the semester and externally at the end of semester by the external
examiner.
2. Panels will be submitted consisting four external examiners from each specialization. The
competent authorities will appoint four external examiners from each discipline. One external
examiner for each discipline shall be called in an order of preference from a panel of
examiners submitted by the department.
3. The candidate shall be required to submit two soft bound copies of dissertation along with a
CD in the department before 30th June and will defend her/his dissertation/project work through
presentation before the External examiner.
4. The student will defend her/his dissertation/ through presentation before the examiner and
will be awarded marks in percentage. A student who could not score pass marks in the
dissertation exam shall have to resubmit her/his Dissertation after making all
corrections/improvements & this dissertation shall be evaluated as above. The candidate is
required to submit the corrected copy of the Dissertation in hard bound within two
weeks after the viva -voce.
5 If the candidate fails to submit her/his dissertation at the end of the IV semester i.e. upto
30th June, After that he/she can submit his dissertation only after submission the
continuation fee of the semester as decided by the university.
6. The result of Dissertation shall be declared only after the candidate has passed all the
courses. In case a candidate’s Dissertation is rejected or he/she is unable to complete it within
the prescribed period for her/his category, s/he may be allowed extension by the chairperson
on recommendation of the supervisor, up to the limits prescribed for completion of degree by
a candidate.
7. Lay out of dissertation will contains cover page, certificate signed by student and supervisor
table contents, introduction, methodology, result and discussion conclusion chapter and
references.
- The typing shall be done on both sides of the paper (instead of single side printing)
- The font size should be 12 with Times Roman Format
- The text of the dissertation may be typed in 1.5 (one and a half) space.
- The paper to be used should be A-4 size.
- The total no. of writing pages should be between 40 to 60 for dissertation.

DEENBANDHU CHHOTU RAM UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,
MURTHAL (SONIPAT), HARYANA, 131039
Inter- disciplinary Course
Semester-III
SCIENCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
Course Objective: The aim of this course is not just to impart theoretical knowledge to the students
but to provide them with exposure and hands-on learning wherever possible
Unit-I
Fossil Fuels And Alternate Sources Of Energy: Fossil fuels and nuclear energy, their limitation,
need of renewable energy, non-conventional energy sources. An overview of developments in
Offshore Wind Energy, Tidal Energy, Wave energy systems, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, solar
energy, biomass, biochemical conversion, biogas generation, geothermal energy tidal energy,
Hydroelectricity
Solar energy: Solar energy, its importance, storage of solar energy, solar pond, non convective solar
pond, applications of solar pond and solar energy, solar water heater, flat plate collector, solar
distillation, solar cooker, solar green houses, solar cell, absorption air conditioning. Need and
characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems, PV models and equivalent circuits, and sun tracking
systems.
Unit-II
Wind Energy harvesting: Fundamentals of Wind energy, Wind Turbines and different electrical
machines in wind turbines, Power electronic interfaces, and grid interconnection topologies.
Ocean Energy: Ocean Energy Potential against Wind and Solar, Wave Characteristics and Statistics,
Wave Energy Devices. (3 Lectures) Tide characteristics and Statistics, Tide Energy Technologies,
Ocean Thermal Energy, Osmotic Power, Ocean Bio-mass.
Unit-III
Geothermal Energy: Geothermal Resources, Geothermal Technologies.
Hydro Energy: Hydropower resources, hydropower technologies, environmental impact of hydro
power sources.
Unit-IV
Piezoelectric Energy harvesting: Introduction, Physics and characteristics of piezoelectric effect,

materials and mathematical description of piezoelectricity, Piezoelectric parameters and modeling
piezoelectric generators, Piezoelectric energy harvesting applications, Human power
Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting: Linear generators, physics mathematical models, recent
applications
Carbon captured technologies, cell, batteries, power consumption Environmental issues and
Renewable sources of energy, sustainability.
Reference Books:
1. Non-conventional energy sources, B.H. Khan, McGraw Hill 76 Solar energy, Suhas P
Sukhative, Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
2. Renewable Energy, Power for a sustainable future, Godfrey Boyle, 3rd Edn., 2012, Oxford
University Press. Renewable Energy, 3rd Edition,
3. Solar Energy: Resource Assesment Handbook, P Jayakumar, 2009
4. J.Balfour, M.Shaw and S. Jarosek, Photovoltaics, Lawrence J Goodrich (USA).
Inter-disciplinary Course
Semester-III
BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILL

Course Objective: This course is to get exposure with various aspects of instruments and their
usage through hands-on mode. Experiments listed below are to be done in continuation of the
topics.
UNIT-I
Basic of Measurement: Instruments accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution range etc.Errors in
measurements and loading effects. Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dcvoltage and dc current, ac
voltage, ac current and resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and their significance. Electronic
Voltmeter: Advantage over conventional multimeter for voltage measurement with respect to input
impedance and sensitivity. Principles of voltage, measurement (block diagram only). Specifications of an
electronic Voltmeter/ Multimeter and their significance.
AC millivoltmeter: Type of AC millivoltmeters: Amplifier- rectifier, and rectifier- amplifier. Block
diagram ac millivoltmeter, specifications and their significance.
UNIT-II
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO. Construction of CRT, Electron gun,
electrostatic focusing and acceleration (Explanation only-no mathematical treatment), brief discussion on
screen phosphor, visual persistence & chemical composition. Time base operation, synchronization. Front
panel controls. Specifications of a CRO and their significance. Use of CRO for the measurement of
voltage (dc and ac frequency, time period. Special features of dual trace, introduction to digital
oscilloscope, probes. Digital storage Oscilloscope: Block
diagram and principle of working.
UNIT-III
Signal Generators and Analysis Instruments: Block diagram, explanation and specifications
of low frequency signal generators. pulse generator, and function generator. testing, specifications.
Distortion factor meter, wave analysis.
Impedance Bridges & Q-Meters: Block diagram of bridge. working principles of basic (balancing type)
RLC bridge. Specifications of RLC bridge. Block diagram & working principles of a Q- Meter. Digital
LCR bridges.
UNIT-IV
Digital Instruments: Principle and working of digital meters. Comparison of analog & digital
instruments. Characteristics of a digital meter. Working principles of digital voltmeter.
Digital Multimeter: Block diagram and working of a digital multimeter. Working principle of time
interval, frequency and period measurement using universal counter/ frequency counter, time- base
stability, accuracy and resolution.
Reference Books:
1. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques, A.D.Helfrick & W.D.
Cooper, 5th Edition, PHI, 2002.
2. Electronic measurements and Instrumentation – B. M. Oliver and J.M. Cage, TMH, 2009.
3. Performance and design of AC machines - M G Say ELBS Edn.
4. Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer.
6. Electronic Devices and circuits, S. Salivahanan & N. S.Kumar, 3rd Ed., 2012, TMH
7. A text book in Electrical Technology - B L Theraja - S Chand and Co.
Semester-III
RADIATION PHYSICS

Course Objective: The aim of this course is for awareness and understanding regarding radiation
hazards and safety.
UNIT-I
BASICS OF ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Basic concept of atomic structure; X rays characteristic and production; concept of bremsstrahlung
and auger electron, The composition of nucleus and its properties, mass number, isotopes of element,
spin, binding energy, stable and unstable isotopes, law of radioactive decay, Mean life and half life,
basic concept of alpha, beta and gamma decay, concept of cross section and kinematics of nuclear
reactions, types of nuclear reaction, Fusion, fission.
UNIT-II
INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER
basic ideas about types of Radiation: Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Neutron and their sources, sealed and
unsealed sources, Interaction of Photons - Photoelectric effect, Compton Scattering, Pair Production,
Linear and Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Interaction of Charged Particles: Heavy charged particles -
Beth-Bloch Formula, Scaling laws, Stopping Power, Range, Straggling, Cherenkov radiation.
UNIT-III
RADIATION DETECTION AND MONITORING DEVICES
Radiation Quantities and Units: Basic idea of different units of activity, KERMA, exposure, absorbed
dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, collective equivalent dose, Annual Limit of Intake (ALI) and
derived Air Concentration (DAC). Radiation detection: Basic concept and working principle of gas
detectors (Ionization Chambers, Proportional Counter and Gieger Muller Counter), Scintillation
Detectors (Inorganic and Organic Scintillators), Solid States Detectors and Neutron Detectors.
UNIT-IV
RADIATION APPLICATION AND SAFETY:
Application in medical science (e.g., elementary idea of MRI, PET, Projection Imaging Gamma
Camera, radiation therapy), Archaeology, Art, Crime detection, Mining and oil. Industrial Uses:
Tracing, Gauging, Material Modification, Sterization, Food preservation. Biological effects of
ionizing radiation, Operational limits and basics of radiation hazards evaluation and control: radiation
protection standards, International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) principles,
justification, optimization, limitation, introduction of safety and risk management of radiation.
Nuclear waste and disposal management. Brief idea about Accelerator driven Sub-critical system
(ADS) for waste management.
Reference Books:
1. W.E. Burcham and M. Jobes – Nuclear and Particle Physics – Longman (1995)
2. Nuclear Physics: principles and applications, John Lilley, Wiley
3. G.F.Knoll, Radiation detection and measurements.
4. Thermoluninescense Dosimetry, Mcknlay, A.F., Bristol, Adam Hilger (Medical Physics
Handbook5) 4. W.J. Meredith and J.B. Massey, “Fundamental Physics of Radiology”. John
Wright and Sons, UK, 1989.
5. J.R. Greening, “Fundamentals of Radiation Dosimetry”, Medical Physics Hand Book
Series, No.6, Adam Hilger Ltd., Bristol 1981.
6. Practical Applications of Radioactivity and Nuclear Radiations, G.C. Lowental and P.L.
Airey, Cambridge University Press, U.K., 2001
7. A. Martin and S.A. Harbisor, An Introduction to Radiation Protection, John Willey &
Sons, Inc. New York, 1981.
Semester-IV
LASER PHYSICS
Paper No.: PHY636C Credits: 03
03 Hrs/week Max. Marks: 75+25
Course Objective: This course has been so framed that the students are exposed to basic introduction of laser,
fundamental theory of laser, types of laser system and its applications.
Note: The Examiners will set nine questions for semester end examination with one question compulsory.
Question Number one (1) will have short answer/conceptual/numerical problem questions covering the
entire syllabus and will be compulsory. The rest eight question will be set, two from each unit. The
students will attempt five questions in all including the compulsory question and select at least one
question from each unit. All questions will carry equal marks.
UNIT-I
BASIC INTRODUCTION OF LASER
Bohr atomic model and concept of stationary states, Interaction of light with matter, Laser beam
characteristics: Monochromaticity, Directionality, Divergence, Intensity, coherence, spatial and temporal
coherence, Metastable states., Basics components of laser, Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions,
Basic idea of MASER.
UNIT-II
THEORY OF LASER ACTION
Basic Principle of laser action, Stimulated absorption, Einstein’s A &B coefficients, threshold
condition, Principle of laser, Laser pumping: Optical and electrical Pumping, Population at thermal
equilibrium and Population Inversion. Light amplification and optical resonator, Basic Design of
laser.
UNIT-III
DIFFERENT TYPES OF LASER
Types of laser, Principle, construction and working of Gas laser: He-Ne Laser, CO2, Solid state laser:
Ruby laser, Nd YAG laser, Semiconductor laser, Diode laser, basic introduction about the chemical
laser, Two level, Three-Level and Four-Level Lasers.
UNIT-IV
APPLICATIONS OF LASER
Applications: in communication, holography, Typical Laser Interferometers (Fizeau and Michelson)
and its application in non destructive testing, Febry Perot Interferometer and its spectroscopic
applications. Lasers in industry: for welding, Hole drilling and cutting, Lasers in medicine and
surgery. Lasers in isotope separation using radiation pressure, laser induced Fusion, laser
Radar(Lidar), laser levelers, uses in daily life.
Reference Books:
1.Lasers: Fundamentals & applications, K.Thyagrajan &A.K.Ghatak, 2010,Tata McGraw Hill.
2. An Introduction to Laser Theory and applications, M N Avadhanula, S Chand
3. Principles of Lasers: O. Svelto,(3rd Ed.), Plenum Press
4. Lasers and Optical Engineering: P.Das (Narosa Pub. House 1992)
5. Modern Physics for Engineers, SP Taneja, R Chand & Co, New Delhi
Semester-IV
BIO-PHYSICS
Paper No. PHY638C Credits: 03

Unit-I
PHYSICS OF THE BODY
Mechanics of the body: Skeleton, forces, and body stability. Muscles and dynamics of body
movement. Physics of Locomotors Systems: joints and movements, Stability and Equilibrium. Energy
household of the body: Energy balance in the body, Energy consumption of the body, Heat losses of
the body, Thermal Regulation. Pressure system of body: Physics of breathing, Physics of
cardiovascular system. Acoustics of the body: Nature and characteristics of sound, Production of
speech, Physics of the ear, Diagnostics with sound and ultrasound. Optical system of the body:
Physics of the eye. Electrical system of the body: Physics of the nervous system, Electrical signals
and information transfer.
Unit-II
PHYSICS OF DIAGNOSTIC & MEDICAL IMAGING PHYSICS
Production of X-rays, X-ray spectra, Characteristic X-ray. X-ray tubes & types: Coolidge tube, X-ray
diagnostics and imaging, X-ray film, film processing, Physics of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),
NMR imaging, MRI Radiological imaging, ECG, Ultrasound imaging, Physics of Doppler with
applications and modes, Vascular Doppler. Radiography: Filters, grids, cassette fluoroscopy.
Computed tomography scanner- principle and function, display, generations, mammography.
Unit-III
RADIATION PHYSICS
Basic introduction about interaction of charged radiation with matter and Interaction of uncharged
(gamma radiation and X-ray): Compton & photoelectric effect, linear attenuation
coefficient. Radiation Detectors mechanism, Radiation units exposure, absorbed dose, units: rad, gray,
relative biological effectiveness, effective dose- Rem & Sievert, inverse square law. External Beam
Therapy (Basic Idea):Telecobalt, Conformal Radiation Therapy (CRT), 3DCRT, IMRT, Image Guided
Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy, kilo voltage machines, deep therapy machines, Telecobalt units.
Biological effects of radiation, Radiation monitors. Steps to reduce radiation to Public. Dose Limits
for Occupational workers and Public
Unit-IV
MEDICAL LASER
Introduction to laser, principle of operation of laser, characteristics of laser light, concepts of
stimulated emission, basic construction of laser. laser-tissue interaction and qualitative idea about the
different types of laser, Biomedical applications in surgery and therapy. Pulsed Ruby laser, Nd-YAG
Laser, Helium- Neon laser, Argon laser, CO2 laser, photocoagulative effect and its use to control
gastric haemorphage, application of laser in surgery, eye operation, stone and termer treatment etc.
Reference Books:
1. Medical Physics, J.R. Cameron and J.G.Skofronick, Wiley (1978)
2. Basic Radiological Physics Dr. K.Thayalan- Jayapee Brothers Medical Publishing
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi (2003)
3. Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology: Curry, Dowdey and Murry -
Lippincot Williams and Wilkins (1990)
4. Physics of the human body, Irving P. Herman, Springer (2007).
5. Physics of Radiation Therapy: F M Khan - Williams and Wilkins, 3rdedition (2003)
6. The essential physics of Medical Imaging: Bushberg, Seibert, Leidholdt and Boone
Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, Second Edition (2002)
7. Handbook of Physics in Diagnostic Imaging: R.S.Livingstone: B.I. Publication Pvt Ltd.
8. The Physics of Radiology-H E Johns and Cunningham.
9. Nuclear Physics: principles and applications, John Lilley, Wiley
M.Sc. (Physics)
Semester-IV
HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICS
Paper No. PHY640C Credits: 03
03 Hrs /week Max. Marks: 100 (75+25)
Course Objective: The course provides the conceptual and qualitative historical development of
Physics from ancient time to present era.
UNIT – I
FROM ANCIENT GREECE TO THE RENAISSANCE
Philosophy of Physics, From Natural Philosophy to Physics, The Ideas of Greeks About Nature, Basic
Assumptions of Aristotle on Motion and Gravity, Success of the Basic Assumptions of Aristotle,
Failure of the Underlying Assumptions and Need to Adopt New Ones, Critical review of Aristotle’s
Theory, Internal Contradictions, Experimental Verification. From Classical Era to the Renaissance:
Hellenistic-Roman Times, Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
UNIT – II
EVOLUTION IN MAJOR BRANCHES OF PHYSICS-I
Introduction to major branches of Physics,
Mechanics, Kinematics: Galileo, Dynamics–Gravity: Newton, Solid Body: Huygens, Analytical
Mechanics, Mechanics Today.
Optics: Corpuscular Nature of Light: Newton, Wave Nature of Light: Huygens, Establishment of the
Wave Theory: Thomas Young, Completion of the Wave Theory: Fresnel, Relationship between
Mechanics and Optics, Optics Today.
Electricity & Magnetism: The Law of Electrostatic Force: Coulomb, Relating Electricity,
Magnetism Electric Currents and Electromagnetism: Introduction to Electromagnetism, Experimental
Foundations of Electromagnetism: Faraday,
UNIT – III
EVOLUTION IN MAJOR BRANCHES OF PHYSICS-II
Heat-Thermodynamics: Introduction, Phlogiston and Caloric Fluids, First Axiom of
Thermodynamics: Mayer, Joule, Thermodynamics.
Kinetic Theory of Perfect Gases: Relationship Between Thermodynamics and the Theory of Gases,
Atomic Theory
Nuclear physics: Historical synopsis, Radioactivity (Antoine-Henri Becquerel & Marie Curie,
Fermi), Alpha scattering experiment (Rutherford’s & Geiger, James Chadwick), Nuclear Fission (Lise
Meitner & Otto Hahn).
UNIT – IV
EVOLUTION IN MAJOR BRANCHES OF PHYSICS-III
Philosophical aspects of Relativity and Quantum mechanics: Relativity historical synopsis,
Theory of Relativity, Special Theory of Relativity, Quantum Mechanics: historical synopsis, Black
body radiation, Planck’s constant, Einstein’s energy quanta (photons), Quantum mechanics by
conversation (Hail to Niels Bohr), the exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics of 1925 to 1930.
Wave mechanics (Louis de Broglie and Erwin Schrodinger), Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle, the
two slit experiment
Particle Physics: Historical Synopsis, Paul Dirac (particle, antiparticle), Quarks (Murray
Gell-Mann), Quarks in three flavors and colors.

References Books:
1. History and Evolution of concept in Physics by H. Varvoglis (springer)
2. Great Physicists (the life and times of leading Physicists from Galiieo to Hawking) by Willian
H. Cropper(Oxford University Press)
3. The Theoretical Foundation of Quantum Mechanics by Belal E Baaquie (Springer)
4. Werner Heisenberg Physics and Philosophy, the revolution in Modern Science Introduction
by Paul Davies (Penguin Books)

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Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

SCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATIONS

M.Sc. in Physics (Four-Semester Course)

DEENBANDHU CHHOTU RAM UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY

S. Course Theory Lab Total Credit

Course Paper No. Paper Title Teaching Examination Scheme Credit

Core Paper PHY 603 C Quantum Mechanics-II 4 0 25 75 100 3 4

Any one of the following options

OPTION-1 (Condensed Matter Physics)

OPTION-3 (Nuclear Physics)

LAB FOR OPTION-1 (Condensed Matter Physics)

Special PHY 623C Electronics 0 14 50 100 150 4 7

Special PHY 625C Nuclear 0 14 50 100 150 4 7

Special PHY 627 C Spectroscopy 0 14 50 100 150 4 7

Paper No. Paper Title

PHY 631 C Science of Renewable energy Resources

PHY 633 C Basic Instrumentation Skill

Sr. No Paper No. Paper Title Name of Department

1 MAT 627C Applied Algebra and Analysis Mathematics

Core Paper PHY 604 C Atomic & Molecular 4 0 25 75 100 3 4

Any one of the following options

OPTION-1 (Condensed Matter Physics)

OPTION-3 (Nuclear Physics)

OPTION-1 (Condensed Matter Physics)

Paper No. Paper Title

PHY 636 C Laser Physics

PHY 638 C Bio Physics

Sr. No Paper No. Paper Title Name of Department

1 MAT 628C Applied Algebra and Analysis Mathematics

4 CH652C Medicinal Aspects of inorganic Chemistry Chemistry

6 CH656C Semiconductors and Nano- Materials Chemistry

Paper No.-PHY-501C Credits: 04

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:

Paper No.PHY503C Credits: 04

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:

Paper No.PHY505C Credits: 04

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:

Paper No.PHY507C Credits: 04

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:

Paper No.PHY511C Credits: 02

1 To perform Matrix summation, subtraction and multiplication.

Note: More experiments may be added time to time.

Paper No.PHY502 C Credits: 04

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:

Paper No.-PHY-508 C Credits: 04

Text And Reference Books:

Paper No.PHY510C Credits: 04

Note: More experiments may be added time to time

Paper No.PHY512C Credits: 02

04 Hrs /week Max. Marks: 75+25

Note: More experiments may be added time to time.

Paper No.PHY601 C Credits: 04

Text And Reference Books:

Text And Reference Books:

1. Quantum Mechanics, L.I. Schiff ( Tata McGraw-Hill)