ACTIVITY #5:

Freudian Revolution
Allianah Grace Dablo
BT-AFT-3A

Science, Technology and Societies

 aNSWER
Doctors believed that patients would be

QUESTION 1: cured of their illnesses through these

treatments which, by most, would be seen

as torture.
How do people in
Victorian Era treated
patients with mental "Treatments" included the Rotary Chair, in

which a patient in a straitjacket was

illness?
placed in a chair suspended in the air.

The chair was then spun rapidly until it

induced the patient with nausea,

dizziness, and schock.

 ANSWER
QUESTION 2:
Bertha Pappenheim

(27 February 1859 – 28 May 1936)

Who is Anna O.? What is
was an Austrian-Jewish feminist, a

the source of her social pioneer, and the founder of the

Jewish Women's Association

problem? How was she ('Jüdischer Frauenbund').
treated?
Under the pseudonym Anna O., she

was also one of Josef Breuer's best-

documented patients because of

Sigmund Freud's writing on Breuer's

case.
 She had difficulties over the posture of

Her illness lasted for over two years, and

her head; she had a severe nervous

in the course of it she developed a series

cough. She had an aversion to taking

of physical and psychological

nourishment, and on one occasion she

disturbances which decidedly deserved

was for several weeks unable to drink in

to be taken seriously. She suffered from a

spite of a tormenting thirst. Her powers of

rigid paralysis, accompanied by loss of

speech were reduced, even to the point

sensation, of both extremities on the right

of her being unable to speak or

side of her body; and the same trouble

understand her native language. Finally,

from time to time affected her on her left

she was subject to conditions of

side. Her eye movements were disturbed

'absence',(1) of confusion, of delirium, and

and her power of vision was subject to

of alteration of her whole personality, to

numerous restrictions. which we shall have presently to turn our

attention
As described by Dr Breuer, his treatment of Anna gradually developed through three

stages, as he responded to Anna's own apparent wishes. In the first stage, he recognized

that she could relieve her distress by making up and telling fairy tales, ‘always sad and

some of them very charming’—and he encouraged her to do so. She herself called this

activity ‘chimney sweeping’ or her ‘talking cure’ (the origin of this famous term for all

later forms of psychotherapy and counselling). In the second stage, Breuer was able to

hypnotize Anna every morning, sometimes by holding up an orange, in order to help her

to remember some of the painful emotions she had gone through when her father was

dying. Each evening Breuer would return and Anna would recount, with vivid emotion, the

exact events from precisely one year previously. In the final stage, Anna began to add to

these accounts a description of the various occurrences that had evidently triggered

each of her hysterical symptoms during the previous year. As she did so, the relevant

symptom itself would disappear. For example, on recalling her disgust at seeing a dog

drink from a lady companion's glass of water a year before, she was suddenly able to

drink once more, having for some time been able to quench her thirst only by eating fruit

such as melons.
 Answer
QUESTION 3:
Psychoanalysis is a metapsychological

theory founded by Sigmund Freud, uniting

several psychotherapeutic schools and

directions. The basic postulates of

What is psychoanalysis psychoanalysis were formed at the end of

the 19th century on the border of

by Freud? practical medicine, psychological theory,

and its practical application. Today the

term psychoanalysis is used in a threefold

sense:
 According to Freud, memories of early

As a philosophical doctrine about the

childhood events (especially unpleasant

structure of mental life, the interaction

ones) are hidden deep, deep within us.

of individual substructures. We cannot remember them, but we also

As a psychological theory about the

cannot forget. Repressed events are

study of unconscious processes that

never left alone, they limit, poison life,

cannot be studied in any other way. spoil relationships, and cause painful

As a psychotherapeutic method of
symptoms. Freud not only found out the

treating neuroses and improving the

causes of recurring mental problems, but

psyche. came up with a method that helps to

unravel the tangle of painful childhood

secrets and deal with the “ghosts” of the

past. And he called this method

psychoanalysis.
 QUESTION 4: answer
The id, ego, and superego are names for

the three parts of the human personality

Explain ego, superego which are part of Sigmund Freud's

psychoanalytic personality theory.i Id is

and id
the primitive part of the mind which

contains memories. Ego is the Realistic

approach between id and Super Ego,

and Super Ego considered as person's

moral sense.
 THE ID THE EGO THE

Unconscious. Conscious.
SUPEREGO
Pleasure-oriented and
Rational, driven by

selfish. the 'reality principle'. Last part of personality to

develop.

Driven by 'pleasure
Balances conflicting

Developsthrough

principle'. demands of the Id

socialization.
and SuperEgo.
Insatiable instincts
Concerned with morality,

present from birth. right and worng

 ANSWER
QUESTION 5:
The Viennese analyst Sigmund Freud

revolutionized the concept of child

development with his theory, developed

Explain each stage of in the early 20th century, that adult

sexuality stems from childhood

Freud’s stages of human experience. He believed that human

beings go through five stages of

developmen psychosexual development based on a

particular erogenous zone and that

children who don’t successfully negotiate

a particular stage can experience sexual

or emotional problems in adulthood.


oral stage
Freud believed that psychosexual
development begins with the oral phase,
from birth to 18 months old, when the child
learns to perceive his mother’s breast as a
source of comfort and nourishment.
According to Freud, the infant can
become orally fixated in adulthood if he
feels deprived or experiences distress
during this stage of development. Smoking,
drinking too much alcohol and excessive
eating have been linked to oral fixation in
adults.
ANAL STAGE
The anal phase is marked by the beginning of
toilet training when the child is aged between
18 months and 3 years old. She must learn to
control his bowel movements, along with other
aggressive desires. At this stage, the child
derives pleasure from eliminating and
retaining feces and begins to realize the
power this gives her over her parents. Freud
believed that anal fixation results from
parents being too strict with children during
toilet training. The anally fixated adult may
be obsessively clean and orderly and enjoy
exerting control over others. On the other
hand, children whose parents are too lenient
during this phase of development may be
grow up to become messy and disorganized
adults.
 Phallic stage
The term “penis envy” derives from Freud’s theories
about the phallic stage of development. He
believed that children become attracted to their
parent of the opposite sex when they are
between four and five years of age. They also
become hostile and envious towards the same sex
parent. In boys, this is characterized by the
“Oedipus Complex," which derives from the Greek
myth about a young man who inadvertently killed
his father and married his mother. In girls, it is
known as the “Electra Complex,” although this
term was coined by Freudian analysts and Freud
himself didn’t believe a girl developed an
unconscious sexual attraction toward her father,
according to AllPsych Online. Freud believed that
boys who cannot successfully resolve this conflict
may experience sexual anxiety and guilt in
adulthood.
latency stage
Children go through the latency stage from
the age of six until the onset of puberty. Sexual
urges remain repressed as children become
more independent of their parents and learn,
through developing peer relationships, to
interact with other people and respond to
their needs.
genital stage
Sexual urges are reawakened at the onset of
puberty and the young adult who has
successfully negotiated the previous stages of
development directs his attention towards
peers of the opposite sex. Pleasure is primarily
focused on the genitals as young people fulfill
a desire to procreate and enjoy mutually
rewarding relationships.
 ANSWER
Another reason that some of Freud's theories are

controversial is that they are not testable, and thus

QUESTION 6: are not this/provable; and thus have no validity in

their claims, which are based solely on case

studies, rather than properly conducted

Why Freud’s theory was so investigations. There's also the fact that Freud

"discovered" his theories during a period of heavy

controversial? drug use, and claimed at the time that all children

are sexually attracted to their opposite sex, a

phenomenon known as the Oedipal/Electra

complex. These are just a few of the reasons why

Freud's theories are so divisive. Freud's theories are

highly controversial today. For instance, he has

been criticized for his lack of knowledge about

women and for sexist notions in his theories about

sexual development, hysteria, and penis envy.

 ANSWER
Freud's theories are highly controversial today. For instance, he has

been criticized for his lack of knowledge about women and for

QUESTION 7: sexist notions in his theories about sexual development, hysteria, and

penis envy. However, it remains true that Freud had a significant

and lasting influence on the field of psychology. He provided a

How does Freud's theory foundation for many concepts that psychologists used and continue

change our science, to use to make new discoveries.

technology and society
today? Freud changed the way we think about and treat mental illnesses.

Freud developed psychoanalysis as a method of listening to

patients and better understanding their minds. Psychoanalysis has

had a significant impact on modern psychology and psychiatry.

Sigmund Freud's theories and work influenced how we think about

dreams, childhood, personality, memory, sexuality, and therapy

today. Freud's work also laid the groundwork for many other

theorists to develop ideas, while others developed new theories in

response to his.
references
Treatment of Mental Illnesses in Victorian Era England by Colin Bushell (prezi.com)
Bertha Pappenheim - Wikipedia
Anna O and the ‘talking cure’ | QJM: An International Journal of Medicine | Oxford Academic (oup.com)
The Effects of Sigmund Freud’s Theories to the Modern World (findatopdoc.com)
Sigmund Freud’s Impact on Society (lifehopeandtruth.com)