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Adel Rawea

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

CH.1 INTRODUCTION
TO POWER SYSTEMS 1
ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

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RECOMMENDED BOOKS

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

BASIC ELEMENTS OF ENERGY GENERATIONS

• ENERGY SOURCES
1

• PRIME MOVER
2

• ALTERNATO
3

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BASIC ELEMENTS OF ENERGY GENERATIONS

ENERGY MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL

SOURCES ENERGY ENERGY

PRIME
MOVER ALTERNATOR

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

SOURCES OF ENERGY

1
• THE SUN

2
• WIND

• WATER
3

4 • FUELS

5 • NUCLEAR ENERGY

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

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ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS COMPONENTS:

A TYPICAL ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM HAS FOLLOWING MAIN COMPONENTS:
• GENERATING STATION
1

• TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
2

• DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
3

• ELECTRICAL LOAD
4

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM STAGES

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

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TYPES OF ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

ELECTRICITY-DISTRIBUTION-NETWORK:

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

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INTRODUCTION TO POWER SYSTEMS

 GENERATING STATION:
 IN THE SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM, THE GS REPRESENTS THE GENERATING STATION
WHERE ELECTRICAL POWER IS PRODUCED BY THREE-PHASE PARALLEL
CONNECTED ALTERNATORS. THE USUAL GENERATION VOLTAGE IS 11 KV (IN
MANY COUNTRIES). FOR ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS THE GENERATION
VOLTAGE IS STEPPED UP TO HIGH VOLTAGES (SAY 132 KV) USING 3-PHASE
TRANSFORMERS FOR THE TRANSMISSION.

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

INTRODUCTION TO POWER SYSTEMS

 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM:
THE ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO TWO TYPES DEPENDING
ON THE VOLTAGE LEVELS AS:
1. PRIMARY TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: THE PRIMARY TRANSMISSION SYSTEM CONVEYS ELECTRICAL
POWER FROM GENERATING STATIONS TO THE RECEIVING STATIONS (RS). IN THIS, THE
ELECTRICAL POWER AT 132 KV (OR HIGHER VOLTAGES) IS TRANSMITTED BY 3-PHASE 3-WIRE
OVERHEAD SYSTEM TO THE RECEIVING STATIONS LOCATED AT THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE CITY.
2. SECONDARY TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: THE PART OF POWER SYSTEM BETWEEN RECEIVING
STATIONS AND SUB-STATIONS FORM SECONDARY TRANSMISSION SYSTEM. THE PRIMARY
TRANSMISSION TERMINATES AT RECEIVING STATIONS. AT THE RECEIVING STATIONS, THE
VOLTAGE IS REDUCED TO 33 KV USING A STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER. FROM THE RECEIVING
STATION, ELECTRICAL POWER IS TRANSMITTED AT 33 KV BY 3-PHASE 3-WIRE OVERHEAD
SYSTEM TO VARIOUS SUB-STATIONS LOCATED IN THE CITY.

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

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INTRODUCTION TO POWER SYSTEMS

 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IS PART OF POWER SYSTEM NETWORK WHICH DISTRIBUTES ELECTRICAL POWER
THE UTILIZATION. THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL POWER IS DONE IN STAGES AS FOLLOWS:
1. PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: THIS IS THE PART OF POWER SYSTEM CIRCUIT WHICH CONNECTS THE
SUB-STATIONS TO THE DISTRIBUTION SUB-STATION OR DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER LOCATED NEAR THE
CONSUMER’S PREMISES. SINCE, THE SECONDARY TRANSMISSION LINE TERMINATES AT THE SUB-STATIONS
WHERE VOLTAGE IS DECREASED FROM 33 KV TO 11 KV. THE 11 KV LINES RUN ALONG THE ROAD SIDES
OF THE CITY. IT MAY BE NOTED THAT, BIG CONSUMERS ARE SUPPLIED POWER AT 11 KV FOR HANDLING
WITH THEIR OWN SUB-STATIONS..
2. SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: THE SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DELIVERS ELECTRICAL
POWER AT A VOLTAGE FOR DIRECT UTILIZATION BY THE ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES. THE PRIMARY
DISTRIBUTION LINES ARE TERMINATED AT DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS LOCATED NEAR THE CONSUMER’S
LOCALITIES, WHERE THE VOLTAGE IS STEPPED DOWN TO 415 V, 3-PHASE 4-WIRE FOR SECONDARY
DISTRIBUTION. IN SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, THE VOLTAGE BETWEEN ANY TWO LINES IS 415 V
AND BETWEEN ANY ONE LINE AND NEUTRAL IS 230 V. THE SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION CONSISTS OF
FEEDERS, DISTRIBUTORS AND SERVICE MAINS.
ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

INTRODUCTION TO POWER SYSTEMS

 ELECTRICAL LOAD :
ANY DEVICE WHICH UTILIZES THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR DOING WORK IS
KNOWN AS ELECTRICAL LOAD, THE ELECTRICAL LOADS ARE OF TWO TYPES:
1. SINGLE PHASE LOADS: THESE LOADS ARE SUPPLIED BY ANY ONE PHASE AND
NEUTRAL, SOME 1-PHASE LOADS ARE FANS, COOLERS, AC, 1-PHASE
MOTORS, ELECTRIC BULBS ETC.
2. THREE PHASE LOADS: SUCH AS 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR. THE THREE
PHASE LOADS ARE OF TWO TYPE VIZ. STAR CONNECTED LOADS AND DELTA
CONNECTED LOADS.

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VOLTAGES CLASSIFICATION
 WE CAN CLASSIFY VOLTAGES TO FIVE DIVISIONS ACCORDING TO THEIR
VALUES:

1. 600 V AND BELOW ARE REFERRED TO Low Voltage.

2. 600 V - 69 KV ARE REFERRED TO Medium Voltage.
3. 69 KV-230 KV ARE REFERRED TO High Voltage.
4. 230 KV-1100 KV ARE REFERRED TO Extra High Voltage.
5. 1100 KV AND ABOVE REFERRED TO Ultra High Voltage.

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM (SLD) OF POWER SYSTEM

 GENERATION: 11-33 KV
 TRANSMISSION: EHV PRACTICAL VALUE OF GEN. IS 21.1 KV

PRIMARY TRANSMISSION SECONDARY TRANSMISSION

132/220/440/765 KV 66KV

 DISTRIBUTION

PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION

33/25/11 KV 400/220 V

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END OF THIS LECTURE

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS LEBANESE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DR. ADEL RAWEA

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