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    Antibiotengli

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    Dr MS Haris
    The document summarizes various classes of antibiotics, including their mechanisms of action, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria coverage, and notable side effects. It describes how beta-lactams like penicillin inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Quinolones inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, but can cause cartilage and tendon issues. Aminoglycosides inhibit mRNA 30s synthesis but are ototoxic and nephrotoxic. Macrolides inhibit mRNA 50s synthesis and can cause abdominal pain and QT prolongation by increasing other drug levels. Pregnancy is generally safe for penicillins, cephalosporins, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin, and cl

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    Antibiotengli

    Uploaded by

    Dr MS Haris
    4 views1 page
    The document summarizes various classes of antibiotics, including their mechanisms of action, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria coverage, and notable side effects. It describes how beta-lactams like penicillin inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Quinolones inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, but can cause cartilage and tendon issues. Aminoglycosides inhibit mRNA 30s synthesis but are ototoxic and nephrotoxic. Macrolides inhibit mRNA 50s synthesis and can cause abdominal pain and QT prolongation by increasing other drug levels. Pregnancy is generally safe for penicillins, cephalosporins, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin, and cl

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    The document summarizes various classes of antibiotics, including their mechanisms of action, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria coverage, and notable side effects. It describes how beta-lactams like penicillin inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Quinolones inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, but can cause cartilage and tendon issues. Aminoglycosides inhibit mRNA 30s synthesis but are ototoxic and nephrotoxic. Macrolides inhibit mRNA 50s synthesis and can cause abdominal pain and QT prolongation by increasing other drug levels. Pregnancy is generally safe for penicillins, cephalosporins, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin, and cl

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    4 views1 page

    Antibiotengli

    Uploaded by

    Dr MS Haris
    The document summarizes various classes of antibiotics, including their mechanisms of action, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria coverage, and notable side effects. It describes how beta-lactams like penicillin inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Quinolones inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, but can cause cartilage and tendon issues. Aminoglycosides inhibit mRNA 30s synthesis but are ototoxic and nephrotoxic. Macrolides inhibit mRNA 50s synthesis and can cause abdominal pain and QT prolongation by increasing other drug levels. Pregnancy is generally safe for penicillins, cephalosporins, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin, and cl

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    ANTIBIOTIC SUMMARY

    ANTIBIOTIC MECHANISM G+ G- CURIOSITIES


    BETA-LACTAMS INHIBIT BACTERIAL WALL ++ “Frequent” anaphylaxis and allergies
    (penicillin) SYNTHESIS
    CEPHALOSPORINS
    *BACTERICIDAL* +++ +
    INHIBIT BACTERIAL WALL 1st generation low cross-allergy with
    ++ ++
    -1st generation SYNTHESIS penicillin allergies.
    + +++
    -2nd generation
    -3rd generation ++ +++
    -4th generation
    QUINOLONES INHIBIT DNA GYRASE, ++ +++ Cartilage toxicity, Tendonitis, tendon
    *BACTERICIDAL* TOPOISOMERASE (DNA rupture
    SYNTHESIS) NOT RECOMM. 1ST LINE UNCOMPLICATED UTI
    NITROFURANTOIN BACTERIAL FLAVOPROTEINS -- ++ ++ Hemolytic anemia (G6PD), lung fibrosis
    *BACTERICIDAL* -ACTIVE PRODUCTS-MULTIPLE Good for urine infections (bad systemic)
    MECHANISMS OF ACTION Lack coverage proteus, pseudomonas
    FOSFOMYCIN INHIBITS BACTERIAL WALL ++ ++ Allergic reactions, anaphylaxis
    *BACTERICIDAL* SYNTHESIS Toxic megacolon
    1ST LINE ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED CYSTITIS
    TMP-SMX INHIBITS FOLATE ++ ++ Stevens Jonhson syndrome,
    (MR Staf Kernicterus (kids), hemolytic anemia
    AUREUS)
    VANCOMYCIN INHIBITS BACTERIAL WALL +++ Red man syndrome (quickly IV)
    *BACTERICIDAL* SYNTHESIS Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity

    AMINOGLYCOSIDES INHIBIT m-RNA 30s +++


    (gentamicin, amikacin) SYNTHESIS Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity
    *BACTERICIDAL*

    MACROLIDES INHIBIT m-RNA 50s ++ + Abdominal pain, QT-prolongation


    (eritromicin,azythro.) SYNTHESIS Increases other drugs levels (CYP)
    TETRACYCLINES BIND 30S SUBUNIT ++ ++ Teeth yellowing
    (doxycycline,tetracycline) INHIBITS aminoacyl t-RNA to Inhibit bone growth
    the RIBOSOME Antiacids interfere absorption
    METRONIDAZOLE UPTAKE BY CELL, REDUCED TO ANAEROBIC Disulfiram like reaction
    *BACTERICIDAL* ACTIVE METABOLITES, DNA PROTOZOA Metallic taste
    SYNTHESIS
    CLINDAMYCIN BINDS 50S SUBUNIT ANAEROBIC Pseudomembranous enterocolitis
    INHIBITS peptidyl transferase GRAM +

    PREGNANCY: Penicillins, including amoxicillin,


    ampicillin, Cephalosporins, Fosfomycin,
    Nitrofurantoin, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, (TMP-
    SMX, but should be avoided during the first trimester of
    pregnancy)

    IMAGE: Kapoor G, Saigal S, Elongavan A. Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for
    clinicians. doi:10.4103/joacp.JOACP_349_15

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