The Need of Interpretati ° Due to different spatial and spectral resolutio remotely placed sensors, the information these sensors needs to be interpreted in a manner with a desired accuracy ¢ The human vision system has an inherent abil sense, interpret and understand the object’s refi appearing in the visible spectrum * Therefore, interpretation of remote sensing im necessary to understand the object‘s properties phenomenonHuman Vision S spatial objects have bD in different a = The f ry are 2 towards those particular region ¢ The is objects in any thematic or specialized area in a: the * To visualize and interpret the information , the information recorded in any spectrum th . The example is the FCC, _ Basic Image Interpretation Ele + Tone ~ ¢ Pattern * Texture - Association ¢ Shape - Shadow ¢ Size « ASpegEIt is a interpretation tasks The tone is which is 1 ced - by a and angle of illumination The de b is directly rela reflected or emitted Human cye is capable of viewing 40-50 teSerrerar Tone + Tonal variation is analytically noticeable © when are recorded and produced sensors digitally i (on papers or plastics) For example, a 8-bit image displays ing combination of R ) can have a total size of of digital numbersesac; Texture Texture is the frequency of tonal chen image which determines how the feature's surface is when visualized The texture can be or rough, or The texture is strongly related to the resolution of the image As the scale of the image is reduced, texture of any object or area of the becomes progressively finer and disappear.Texture * For an image interpreter, it differentiate two or more obj similar tones based on thei differences. Exa cs are metallic metallic roads.Shape The is a general form, co outline of Fa In case of 3-D images, the objects's k The shape is an important sign interpreter. For example, when seen in a looks circular in shape. — Similarly, road, canal or river appears i shape. ‘i* The is an impo! for feature discrimination and ¢s in an image. « If the interpreter has a cdge it is easier for him or +a »)cct estimate its approximate size. * For example, presence of sensed with the identification of canal nearby. 4OQ arta Pattern * The pattern is the spatial arrangement of individual objects in an image or aerial photograph into visibly distinct repetitive forms. + Thus, the spatial orderly repeat for both natural and man-made objects helps the interpreter im recognizing them. distinctly anged at a certain spatial intervals can be casily discriminated with that of the + For example, an orchard with planted trees are forest tree stands.athshale Association © The refers to the rence of © other recognizable objects or features present in the + For example, the presence of water can be | associated with or area. * Similarly, activities can be associated with ‘rail network.Shadow is important for interpreters in The or outline of a view of objects which in interpr RB of various tree species cultural features ( 4 i and area estimation reflect little light and difficult to be differentiated on an image in . For© Similarly; and s hilly region can help» in interpret of dominant tree type/tr on both sideepee or Ase Ratio ° The aspect is the ratio of width of shape or it is the estimation of how long object is to its width * When the is eight, the sh of the object is ' " rather than 'portrait® ofa atur easily discernible evenina 1ageknowledge, as there are a variety of present on an image bor course appearing on the surface is ¢; river valley and ienc , delineation of the path identify and delineate a histhe power along with is a necessity fora , the image information is pieces that to be by interpreter to know the complete i about an object or phenomenon * For , identification ofa from imagery and duration may misin\he Ss table shows the Tones of Land Use/Land Gaver appearing in different colors (SWAC, 2016). Ths depamam on band combination and colors assigned iTechniques of Image Inte ° This basically involves images ° The selection of input images d and the * The collateral materials are in the form or sometimes information about the image itself. * The collateral materials 2 of the 2 and problems oO task.ae Collateral Material: + These are divided in to TWO broad ¢: | and — Field verification_ Collateral Materials rT * After ground truthing, interpretation constructed based on which object can be done overall process of image interpretation + The keys are useful in two ways: , it act as a training tool and : for the to correctly identify the information, 4 and steady m> two Epes ‘of keys are recognized: — Elimination Keys These are example images supporting texts + These are that an simply selects that example that o corresponds to the object that dentify, e.g. agriculture, forest, industethat an inter pe follows a precise step-wise process from particular except The elimination key is the — The of the on number of objects to be identified andPs * Field verification is it is normally ii to the interpreter in , classifying the is done ing the in order to develop a perception in a to match how an object of interest appear in the fieldCollateral Materials — ee * The ground truthing 1 is done to assess the accuracy ©}— ee _ Applications of Visual Image Inte — Visual Identification of Feat * A digital map of the LU/LC can be creat the case where the image is available in digital form in a computer by direct ‘on-screen digitization” using the image interpretation technique. ¢ Alternatively, features can also be delineated by overlaying a transparency sheet on the image and tracing the features of interest likeConclusions * Visual image interpretation is an important step in = the ¢ The display color channels in 1 o which, in turn, are helpful for to the any spectral region