SUPERNOVA

Monday, November 7, 2022

OUTLINE
CAS A – Supernova Remnant (SNR)

• Supernova

• Types of Supernova

• Supernova Nomenclature

• History of Supernova in our Galaxy

Credit: NASA/CXC/MIT/UMass Amherst/M.D.Stage et al.

LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
He → C
H → He
HYDROGEN

H → He → C
C → Fe
SUPERNOVA (SN)

• Supernova is an explosion of a massive

star → Guest Star

• The word ‘supernova’ was coined by

Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky in 1929

Space Telescope Science Institute/NASA/ESA/J. Hester/A. Loll

(Arizona State University)
SUPERNOVA (SN)
• Supernova Remnant (SNR) is the structure
resulting from the explosion of a high
mass star

• Energy radiated in a SN can outshine an

entire galaxy

• SN can happen in our galaxy and other

galaxies
Space Telescope Science Institute/NASA/ESA/J. Hester/A. Loll
(Arizona State University)
 SUPERNOVA (SN) – WHIRLPOOL GALAXY (M51)

Whirlpool Galaxy is 23
Jan 2005
million light years
 SUPERNOVA (SN) – WHIRLPOOL GALAXY (M51)

Jan 2005 July 2005

 SUPERNOVA (SN) – WHIRLPOOL GALAXY (M51)

Jan 2005 July 2005

SUPERNOVA (SN)
SUPERNOVA (SN)
TYPES OF SUPERNOVA
Binary star system
Type Ia
with White Dwarf

Types of
Supernova

Explosion of a
Type II
massive star
TYPES OF SUPERNOVA
Binary star system
Type Ia
with White Dwarf

Types of
Supernova

Explosion of a
Type II
massive star
TYPES OF SUPERNOVA
Binary star system
Type Ia
with White Dwarf

Types of
Supernova

Explosion of a
Type II
massive star
TYPES OF SUPERNOVA
Binary star system
Type Ia
with White Dwarf

Types of If no leftover star is found in the SNR then

Supernova supernova is classified as type Ia

EXPLOSION OF A
TYPE II
MASSIVE STAR
SUPERNOVA NOMENCLATURE

• Also called ‘Guest Star’ or ‘Nebulae’

• Nomenclature:

SN – supernova followed by the year of discovery

• Followed by ‘A – Z’ representing the number of supernova

SUPERNOVA NOMENCLATURE

• Also called ‘Guest Star’ or ‘Nebulae’

• Nomenclature:

SN – supernova followed by the year of discovery

• Followed by ‘A – Z’ representing the number of supernova

• After that pairs of lower case is used, aa, ab, …, az, ba, bb, …, bz and
so on …..
SUPERNOVA NOMENCLATURE
• First supernova of 2022 → SN 2022A

• 26 supernova of 2022 → SN 2022Z

• 27 supernova of 2022 → SN 2022aa

• 52 supernova of 2022 → SN 2022az

And so on …

• 2007 → 572 supernova were discovered

 SUPERNOVA (SN) – WHIRLPOOL GALAXY (M51)

Jan 2005 July 2005

SN 2005cs

Credit & Copyright: R Jay GaBany (Cosmotography.com)

HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE IN
OUR GALAXY
HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE IN OUR GALAXY
SN 185 → Type 1A SN 393
HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE IN OUR GALAXY
SN 1006
• 16 times brighter than Venus

→ brightest recorded

• No NS or BH found – Type 1a SN
HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE IN OUR GALAXY
SN 1054
HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE IN OUR GALAXY
SN 1054

• Crab nebula → Constellation Taurus

• 6500 ly away → 1000 mi/sec

HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE IN OUR GALAXY
SN 1054

• Crab nebula → Constellation Taurus

• 6500 ly away → 1000 mi/sec

`
• Neutron star at the center → In x-ray
data → Chandra Space Telescope
HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE IN OUR GALAXY
SN 1181 → NS SN 1572 → Type 1a → Tycho SN
HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE IN OUR GALAXY
SN 1604 → Type 1a → Kepler SN
HISTORICAL SUPERNOVAE IN OUR GALAXY

SN 1667

• Type II supernova

• Neutron star at the center

• Cassiopeia constellation

• Last supernova in our galaxy

SN 1987A

• Brightest stellar explosion since

telescope was invented

• Blue Supergiant

• Located in Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)

→ Dwarf galaxy

• Central star missing ? Credit: David Malin, Anglo-Australian Observatory

SN 1987A

• Brightest stellar explosion since

telescope was invented

• Blue Supergiant

• Located in Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)

→ Dwarf galaxy

• Central star missing ?

SN 1987A

• Brightest stellar explosion since

telescope was invented

• Blue Supergiant

• Located in Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)

→ Dwarf galaxy

• Central star missing ?

SUMMARY
• Supernova is fairly common in our Credit:ESO/L. Calçada

universe
• SN explosion can outshine an entire
galaxy
• SN only occur for high mass stars
> 6M⊙ → Type II SN
• White dwarf in binary → Type 1a SN
COMPACT OBJECTS

White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars and Black Holes