REVIEWER IN MAPEH: PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Body Mass Index(BMI)-  a measure that uses your height and weight to work out if your weight is
healthy. The BMI calculation divides an adult's weight in kilograms by their height in metres squared.

PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST-  a series of tests that measures and monitors students' physical fitness level.
The series of tests assess the five components of physical fitness that make up total fitness: cardiovascular
endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

 CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE- Cardiovascular endurance is the ability to exercise without

becoming overly tired because your heart, lungs and blood vessels are healthy. Cardiorespiratory
endurance is a measure of how well the heart, lungs, and muscles perform during moderate to high-
intensity physical activity.
EX:
3-Minute Step test

 STRENGTH- the extent to which muscles can exert force by contracting against resistance
EX:
-Push-ups (Core- responsible for core strength)
-Basic Plank

 FLEXIBILITY- the ability of a joint or series of joints to move through an unrestricted, pain free
range of motion. Although flexibility varies widely from person to person, minimum ranges are necessary
for maintaining joint and total body health.
EX:
-Zipper Test
-Sit and Reach

 COORDINATION- the ability to execute smooth, accurate, controlled motor responses (optimal

interaction of muscle function). Coordination is the ability to select the right muscle at the right time with
proper intensity to achieve proper action.
EX:
-Juggling

 AGILITY- the ability to rapidly change body direction, accelerate, or decelerate. It is influenced by
balance, strength, coordination, and skill level.
EX:
-Hexagon Agility Test

 SPEED- the ability to move the body in one direction as fast as possible.
EX:
-40-meter sprint

 POWER-  the maximum force a muscle or muscle group can apply but in the shortest period of time.
In other words, it is the ability of muscles to exert maximum force in the shortest amount of time, like when
you run or swim. 
EX:
-Standing Long Jump

 BALANCE- the ability to control your body's position, whether stationary (i.e. a complex yoga pose)
or while moving (e.g. skiing). Balance is a key component of fitness, along with strength, endurance, and
flexibility.
EX:
-Stork Balance Stand Test (Ear- Responsible for balancing)

 REACTION TEST-an ability often overlooked in sport. It simply means how fast an athlete is able to
respond to a stimulus. 
EX:
-Stick Drop Test
LIFESTYLE- Your lifestyle is how you live, and it reflects who you are.

HEALTH RISK- The change or likelihood that something will harm or otherwise affect your health.
-lack of activity
-change from active to inactive

LIFESTYLE DISEASES/ NON -COMMUNICABLE DISEASES:

 Heart Disease ex. Heart attack, heart ailments
 Kidney Diseases
 Renal failure
 Diabetes
-TYPE 1 DIABETES- thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistake).
This reaction stops your body from making insulin.  If you have type 1 diabetes, you’ll need to take insulin
every day to survive. Currently, no one knows how to prevent type 1 diabetes.

-TYPE 2 DIABETES- your body doesn’t use insulin well and can’t keep blood sugar at normal levels. 

-TYPE 3 DIABETES-  a way of describing Alzheimer's that's caused by insulin resistance inside the brain.

HOW TO LOWER HEALTH RISKS:

 Exercise
 Good nutrition
 Change body weight to normal
 Change health habit to healthy

ACTIVE RECREATION- is leisure time physical activity undertaken outside of structured, competition sport. 
-libangan

TWO TYPES OF RECREATION:

 ACTIVE- require or exerts effort & energy in recreational activity.

Ex:
 OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
-hiking
-recreational basketball
-cycling

 INDOOR ACTIVITIES
-recreational table tennis
-recreational badminton

 PASSIVE- relax
-doesn’t exert effort or energy.
Ex:
-reading
-writing
-sleeping
MAPEH REVIEWER : HEALTH

CONSUMER HEALTH- Health Consumers are people who use health services, as well as their family and
carers. This includes people who have used a health service in the past or who could potentially use the service
in the future.

 COMPONENTS OF CONSUMER HEALTH

 HEALTH INFORMATION- determine if the sources are reliable or not.
RELIABLE
-Doctors
-Medical Professionals

UNRELIABLE
-Outdated customs practices
-superstitions without scientific basis

 HEALTH PRODUCTS- foods, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines

FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION- food intakes
DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY- gadgets, devices

 HEALTH SERVICES- a service that provides medical treatment and care to the public or to a particular
group. 
-services rendered to you

-HEALTH PROFESSIONALS- They provide essential services that promote health, prevent diseases and
deliver health care services to individuals, families and communities based on the primary health care approach.

-HEALTHCARE FACILITIES- Health facilities are places that provide health care. They include
hospitals, clinics, outpatient care centers, and specialized care centers, such as birthing centers and psychiatric
care centers.

-HEALTH INSURANCE- Health insurance is a contract that requires an insurer to pay some or all of a
person's healthcare costs in exchange for a premium.

-HEALTHCARE PROVIDER- a trained professional who provides people with healthcare.

 COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTHCARE MODALITIES

-Alternative medicine allowed by the Government.
-Complementary and alternative medicine includes practices such as massage, acupuncture, tai chi, and
drinking green tea. Integrative medicine is an approach to medical care that combines conventional medicine
with CAM practices that have shown through science to be safe and effective.

 CONSUMER WELFARE AND PROTECTION

-Consumer protection makes markets work for both businesses and consumers. Consumers need to be able
to obtain accurate, unbiased information about the products and services they purchase. This enables them to
make the best choices based on their interests and prevents them from being mistreated or misled by businesses.

TYPES OF PHYSICIANS(DOCTORS) BASED ON THEIR SPECIALIZATION

 PEDIATRICIAN-  a doctor who focuses on the health of infants, children, adolescents and young adults.
 PSYCHIATRIST- a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.
 OBSTETRICIAN- specializes in delivering babies and caring for people during pregnancy and after they
give birth. 
 OPTHALMOLOGIST- a specialist in the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of
disorders and diseases of the eye.
 ANESTHESIOLOGIST- physicians specializing in perioperative care, developing anesthetic plans, and
the administration of anesthetics.
 DERMATOLOGIST- specializes in conditions involving the skin, hair, and nails.
 CARDIOLOGIST-  a physician who's an expert in the care of your heart and blood vessels. They can treat
or help you prevent a number of cardiovascular problems.
 ALLERGIST-  a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and other allergic
diseases.
 PULMONOLOGIST- a doctor who diagnoses and treats diseases of the respiratory system -- the lungs
and other organs that help you breathe.
 NEUROLOGIST- specialists who treat diseases of the brain and spinal cord, peripheral nerves and
muscles.
 GASTROENTEROLOGIST- diagnose, treat and work to prevent gastrointestinal (stomach and
intestines) and hepatological (liver, gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreas) diseases.
 GASTRICIAN- physician specializing in stomach research, its structure, functions, and illnesses. 
 PSYCHOLOGIST-  someone who studies the mind and behavior. While people often think of talk therapy
when they hear the word psychologist
 SURGEON- operate on patients to treat injuries, such as broken bones; diseases, such as cancerous tumors;
and deformities, such as cleft palates.
 GYNECOLOGIST- caring for the reproductive health of a woman from the time she gets her first period
all the way to post-menopause.
 UROLOGIST- specializes in the management of all aspects of the female and male urinary tract, including
incontinence, pelvic prolapse and urinary tract infections
MAPEH REVIEWER : ARTS

DESIGN- indicate both of the process of organizing visual elements and the product of that process.
-it is the result of our basic need meaningful order.

SIX PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

 UNITY AND VARIETY- refers to the appearance or condition of oneness of an artwork

 BALANCE- the condition in which acting influences are held in check by opposing forces or what should
be on the left side should appear on the right side.
TWO TYPES OF BALANCE
 SYMMETRICAL BALANCE- the near or exact matching of left and right sides of three dimensional
form or two dimensional composition.
 ASSYMETRICAL BALANCE- two sides which are not the same.
 EQUILIBRIUM- a state in which opposing forces or influences are balance.

 EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION- where the artist want our attention to an area, and to keep us
from being distracted to an areas
-position
-contrast
-color intensity
-size

 CONTRAST- the juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements.

 REPETITION AND RHYTHM- created through the regular recurtence of elements of an elements with
related variations, not an exact copy but with uncanny similarities with one another.
- a repetition of visual elements gives a composition:
-unity
-continuity
-flow
-emphasis

 SCALE AND PROPORTION- the relation of one thing to another.

-one of the first decision of artists mix when planning a work of art
-the size relationship of parts to a whole

ELEMENTS OF ARTS- qualities or properties of Arts.

SEVEN ELEMENTS OF ARTS:

 LINE- basic mean for recording and symbolizing ideas, observations, and feelings
-a primary means of visual communication.
TYPES OF LINES
 Actual lines
 Implied line and Implied Curved Line
 Actual Straight line and Implied curved line
 Line created by an edge
 Vertical line- attitude of alert attention
 Horizontal line- attitude of rest attention
 Diagonal Line- show action
 Sharp jagged lines
 Dance of Curving Line
 Hard line and soft line
 Ragged and Irregular line

 SHAPE- refers to the expanse within the outline of a two-dimensional area or within the outer boundaries
of three-dimensional object.
 GEOMETRIC- tends to be precised
 ORGANIC- irregular/ curving / rounded
 MASS- physical bulk of a solid body material and has a 3- dimensional area.
 SPACE- refers to the feeling of depth or 3- dimensions
TWO TYPES OF SPACE
 NEGATIVE SPACE- area around a primary object
 POSITIVE SPACE- spaced occupied by the primary objects
-overlap
-overlap and deminishing size
-vertical placement
-overlap, vertical placement and deminishing size

 VALUE- refers to the lightness and darkness of surfaces, it ranges from white to various grays to black.
-can be a property of color or an independent element color.
-relative lightness in darkness from white through grace and black.
 CHIAROSCURO- the use of radiations of light and shade in which the forms are revealed by the subtle
shifting from light to dark areas.
-developed during Renaissance period to create illusion.

 COLOR- element of lights affect us directly, by modying our thoughts, moods, action and even our health.
-exist only in light
-though life itself seems colorless to the human eye.
 PROPERTIES OF COLOR HUES
 PRIMARY HUES- red, yellow, blue
 SECONDARY HUES- orange, green, violet
 INTERMITTED HUES- between primary and secondary.

 INTENSITY/ SATURATION- refers to the purity of a hue or color.

 PROPERTIES OF COLOR
-Hues
-Value
-Intensity/ Saturation

 TEXTURE- those we can feel by touching

 SIMULATED TEXTURE
 ACTUAL TEXTURE

 PERSPECTIVE- can refer to any means of representing 3-dimensional object and space on a 2-
dimensional surface, meaning a flat surface.
-a system designed to depict the way objects in space
 LINEAR PERSPECTIVE- vanishing point

IMPRESSIONISM- emerged from the second half of the 19th century, where artists move away from the
establishing practices and discovered new ways to paint.

CLAUDE MONET- who basically started impressionism

-best known for his landscape painting (Ex. Iries in Monet’s Garden)

AUGUSTE RENOIR- his work was a snapshots of a real-life painting of actual people

EDOURD MANET- his works depicted modern life subjects which is evident in his piece (Ex. Argeteuil)

EXPRESSIONISM- a work with more emotional force, distorted outline and unrealistic or unnatural images.
-not actually what we see in the physical world, it depends on the artist’s imagination.

KINDS OF EXPRESSIONISM
 NEOPRIMITIVISM- combined elements from the native arts of the South Sea Islanders and Wood
Carving of African Tribes. (Ex. AMADEO MODIGLIANI- “Yellow Sweater” (1919) )

 FAUVISM- style of lay forth which means “wild beast” in French.

-20th century of modern artist(early)
-strong colors and visual distortion (Ex. HENRI MATISSE- “Woman with Hat” 1905)
 DADAISM- a style characterized by imagination, remembered images and visual tricks and surprises.
-often satirical and nonsensical in nature. (Ex. THEO VAN DOESBURG- “Street Music” 1915)
-non- style

 SURREALISM/ SUPER REALISM- a style that depiets an illogical subconcious dream world, a clear
expression of departure from reality. (SALVADOR DALI- “Persistence of Memory” 1931)

 SOCIAL REALISM- express the artist’s role in social reform, shows protest against injustice, inequality
and immorality and other occurrences of the human condition. (Ex. BEN SHALIN- “Miner’s Wives”
1948)

 ABSTRACTIONISM- rises after the expressionism era, it is logical and rational.

-geometrical
-patterns
-lines
-angles
-textures
-swirls of colors

TWO TYPES OF ABSTRACTIONISM

 REPRESENTATIONAL ABSTRACTIONISM- depicts still recognizable objects
 PURE ABSTRACTIONISM- does not recognize a subject at all

FOUR ART STYLES OF ABSTRACTIONISM

 CUBISM- “cube”, 3-dimensional, composed of lines, planes , and angles.
(Ex. PABLO PICASSO- “Girl Before a Mirror” 1932)

 FURURISM- a style of art that is fast paced machine propelled

 NON-OBJECTIVISM- don’t make use of figure or even representation

(Ex. PIET MONDRIAN- “New York City” 1942)

 MECHANICAL STYLE

OPTICAL ART(OP ART)- art movement that gives visual experience

-form of action painting taking place in viewer’s eyes

POPULAR ART(POP ART)- made use of common places, trivial and non-sensical objects that pop artist
enjoy.
(Ex. ANDY WARNOLE- “Marilyn Monroe” 1967)

INSTALLATION ART- a contemporary artwork that makes use of sculptural object.

PERFORMANCE ART- a form of modern art in which an action of an individual or a group constitute a
work.
-time
-space
-performer’s body
Relationship between performer and audience.

MAPEH REVIEWER: MUSIC

 The Evolution of Modern songs starts in the 20th century, particularly, 1800s- current year.

RENAISSANCE- rebirth
CLASSICAL- structural music, harpcicord was replaced by piano
BAROQUE- concerto and soneto, with complex pieces
ROMANTIC- virtuoso, instrumentation becomes more prominent, public concerts and opera
-this is when people starts to have interest in Arts and Literature.

IMPRESSIONISM- the french movement

-focus on suggestion and atmosphere rather than dictating
-starts in late 19th century to early 20th century
-more practically, 1890-1920

AMBIENT MUSIC- often used as background music

THREE PROPERTIES OF IMPRESSIONISM MUSIC

 COLOR- which can see but doesn’t relate to actual color, however, it is the TIMBRE.
TIMBRE- quality of the sound

 ATMOSPHERE- focus on mood

 CHORS/ TONE SCALES- experiments unusual chord by using scales like tone scales.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY(1862- 1918)- father of the Modern school of Compositors

-”Prelude to the Art of a Faune”
-”Clair De Lune” -sad and beautiful light of moon

MAURICE RAVEL (1875- 1937)- a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with
Impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term.
In the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer.

EXPRESSIONISM- intense expressional emotions

-emotional expressions rather than dictating reality
-a reaction against impressionism
-emerged simultaneously in Germany
-particularly about violence, fantasy, anxiety

PROPERTIES OF EXPRESSIONISM
 DISSONANCE-a quality of music which is unstable.
 ATONAL- lacks key or tonal center
 DYNAMICS- the loudness and softness of music.
-Expressionism has extreme contrast of dynamics to its music
 PIANISSIMO (PP) TO FORTISSIMO(FF)- very soft to very loud
 FORTISSIMO(FF) TO PIANISSIMO (PP)- very loud to very soft

 TEXTURE- overall quality of music

ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (SEPTEMBER 30, 1874- JULY 13, 1951)

-an Austrian-American composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter. He is widely considered one of
the most influential composers of the 20th century. He was associated with the expressionist movement in
German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School.
- died in Los Angeles Cal. U.S
-”The 12 Tone System”
- composed “Pierrot Lunaire”
-3 pieces for Piano Op 11
-Violin Concerto
IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882- APRIL 6, 1971)- Russian composer, pianist and conductor, later of French and
American citizenship. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th
century and a pivotal figure in modernist music.
-adds new techniques in music, has 127 works,concert, orchestral music, opera, ballet, etc.

ELECTRONIC MUSIC- any music that involves electronic processing (20th century)

SYNTHESIZER- modifies sound, capable of producing sound like guitar, violin, etc.

MUSIQUE CONCRETE-simply means “concrete music” or able to experiment.

EDGARD VARESE(Dec. 22, 1928- Nov 6, 1965)- Varèse saw potential in using electronic mediums for sound
production, and his use of new instruments and electronic resources led to his being known as the "Father of
Electronic Music" while Henry Miller described him as "The stratospheric Colossus of Sound".

KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN (Aug. 22, 1928- Dec. 5, 2007)- German composer, an important creator
and theoretician of electronic and serial music who strongly influenced avant-garde composers from the
1950s through the '80s.
MAPEH REVIEWER : HEALTH

QUACKERY- a form of health fraud.

-can be advertisement, promotion, or side of products and services that have not scientifically proven
safe and effective.
-big businesses
-multiplies/spreads fast or progressive
-claimed that it is for incurable condition

THREE TYPES OF QUACKERY

 MEDICAL QUACKERY- fraud medical consultations/ treatments
 NUTRITION QUACKERY- promotion of food facts and other practices claimed to be all-natural
 DEVICE QUACKERY- makes use of miraculous gadgets

RA 8423- “Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997”

-approve or acknowledge the use of alternative medicines

CONSUMER ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES- protects the interest of the consumer, promotes general welfare,
and establishes standards of conduct for business and industry.

 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:
 FDA- Food and Drug Administration
-protects and promotes public health through control and supervision of food safety.
 IFPI- International Food Protection Institute
-ensures food protection through policies and practices for safer global supply.
 WHO- World Health Organization
-directs international health within the United Nations’s System and to lead partners and global health
responses.

 NATIONAL AGENCIES
BFAD- Bureau of Food and Drug
-Serves as DOH key regulatory agency and implementer of the country’s food control system.
DTI- Department of Trade and Industry
-Serves as the primary coordinative, promotive, facilitative, and regulatory arm of the government for the
country’s trade, industry, and investment activities.
DOH- Department of Health
-Provides national policy direction and develops national plans, technical standards and guidelines in health.

POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF QAUCKERY

 Taking a quack “cure” may delay or lose the chance to be healed.
 The person may experience placebo effect.
PLACEBO EFFECT- when a person's physical or mental health appears to improve after taking a
placebo or 'dummy' treatment. Placebo is Latin for 'I will please' and refers to a treatment that appears real,
but is designed to have no therapeutic benefit.
 Loss of money
 Gives false hopes
 The actual damage done to the individual by using fake products and services.
 May cause overdose and over medicines

COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES- treatments that are applied along with typical
and accepted medical treatments but are not considered standard.

4 MAJOR DOMAINS
 BIOLOGY-BASED PRACTICES- taking herbal medicines
 MANIPULATIVE AND BODY BASED- PRACTICES- body kinesthetic are concerned with movement
therapy.
 ENERGY MEDICINE- uses magnetic fields of biofields
 MIND-BODY MEDICINE- mental exercises in belief that the brain is central to the health.

10 HERBS THAT ARE PROVEN AND TESTED BY DOH

“LUBBY SANTA”
 LAGUNDI- cough and asthma
 ULASIMANG BATO- gout / arthritis
 BAWANG- blood pressure control
 BAYABAS- antiseptic/ disinfectant
 YERBA BUENA- body aches and pain
 SAMBONG- urinary stones
 AMPALAYA- diabetic patients
 NIYOG-NIYOGAN- pampurga
 TSAANG GUBAT- mouthwash
 ACAPULKO- skin/fungal infections

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES
 ACUPUNCTURE- form of energy medicine where long thin needles are inserted to specific parts of the
body to affect the energy flow.
 REFLEXOLOGY- focuses on treating disorders through massaging palms of the hands and soles of the
feet
 NUTRITION THERAPHY - treatment of a medical condition by providing a tailored died for the patient
 ACUPRESSURE- same technique as acupuncture but it does not use needles but hands to apply pressure
on certain points of the body.
 VENTOSA CUPPING MASSAGE THERAPY- placing inverted glasses that have flames from burning
cotton, on specific points in the body. It is believed to relieve muscle and joint pains.

8 CONSUMER RIGHTS
 Right to safety
 Right to redress
 Right to basic needs
 Right to representation
 Right to choose
 Right to consumer education
 Right to healthy environment
 Right to information