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NT HND
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide
Mr. Prasad Thisera for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant
encouragement throughout the course. The blessing, help and guidance given by him
time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of life on which I am about to
embark. Learning this subject was a good experience for me and it gave me a good
knowledge about networking technologies.
Winsoft (Pvt) Ltd is an upcoming call center. It has 02 branches with the head
office at Colombo and the other is located in Kandy. The building of the head
office has 03 floors, and the Kandy is with 02 floors. As the Chief Network
Engineer of the Winsoft (Pvt) Ltd, I have given a great opportunity to create a
networking solution for the Winsoft (Pvt) Ltd. They provided us some of their
requirements for their buildings.
Ring Topology
In a ring network, each device has exactly two neighbors for the communication
purposes. All the messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either
"right" or "left"). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take
down the entire network.
Star Topology
Most of the home networks use the star topology. Star network features a
central connection point called the "hub node" which may be a network hub,
switch or router. The devices are usually connected to the hub with Unshielded
Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet. Compared to the bus topology, a star network
generally requires more of the cable. But a failure in any star network cable will
only take down network access to a computer and not the entire LAN.
Tree Topology
Tree topologies integrate multiple star topologies together into a bus topology.
Only the hub devices connect directly to tree bus, and each hub functions as the
root of a tree of the devices. This hybrid bus / star approach supports future
expandability of the much better than a bus (limited in the number of devices
due to the broadcast traffic it generates) or a star (limited by the number of
connection points hub) single network.
As the star topology is fault tolerant, it is easy to maintain. And also the error
detection is easy and very easy to maintain. So it can be said that it is the
suitable network topology for winsoft (Pvt) Ltd.
Fast Ethernet
Fast Ethernet is a local area network (LAN) transmission standard. Fast
Ethernet data transfer rate is 100Mbps. In the network solution proposed for the
winsoft (pvt) Ltd, fast Ethernet can be used as the data transferring standard
between the different client nodes of the network.
TCP/IP
When we discuss about the network related standards, transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is another standard which is followed when
designing the network. TCP/IP is a network standard and a protocol. TCP/IP
technology defines how data is delivered from one node to the other node in the
network. It makes sure the fact that whether data is arrived correctly. According to
this technology, rules are defined in transferring the data in the network.
1. Splitting the message into data packets.
2. Assigning a designation address for each data packet.
3. Checking for errors.
4. Sequentially organize data packets
5. Regulate packets along the network
6. Reassemble data packets
This Internet protocol standard is a must have standard in the implementing network
of winsoft (pvt) Ltd, because it addresses all the nodes in the network and helps to
uniquely identify each device with IP address.
HTTP
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol,
collaborative systems, distributed hypermedia information. HTTP is the
foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is
structured text using logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes that containing
the text. HTTP is the protocol for the exchange or transfer of hypertext.
FTP
The short term for File Transfer Protocol (FTP), the protocol is for exchanging
files over the Internet. FTP works the same way as HTTP for transferring Web
pages from a server in the user's browser and SMTP for transferring electronic
mail across the Internet in which, like these technologies, FTP uses TCP / IP
TCP/IP
TCP / IP are based on a reference model of four layers. All protocols belonging
to / IP suite of protocols are TCP in the top three layers of this model. As shown
in the below illustration, each layer of the TCP / IP model corresponds to one or
more layers of the reference model seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
5 Task 04
There are two branches and head office consists of three floors and the branch
office consists of 2 floors. For the finance department in head office, peer-to-peer
architecture is needed to be used because they have to be kept independently in
non-centralized environment. A single switch is needed to connect the GM’s
room devices and reception areas devices. (For design purpose only one switch is
used).
Head office
1st Floor
Department IP Range Network Wi-Fi Network Other
Name Topology /Ethernet Components equipment
192.168.2.0/ ---
Calling 24 Logical Star Ethernet
centre - USA Topology
clients
Video Star Ethernet
conferencing Topology
room
3rd Floor
Calling centre – Logical Star Ethernet
UK clients Topology
auditorium Logical Star Wi-Fi Access Point
--
Topology (802.11b) 2
192.168.
Server room 3.0/24 Star Ethernet
Topology
Table 2
2nd Floor
Department IP Range Network Wi-Fi Network Other
Name Topology /Ethernet Components equip
ment
Logical Wi-Fi
Access Point
Star (802.11b)
Auditorium 1
Topology
Table 3
The key improvement in the server operating system is the hypervisor technology in
the form of the Hyper-V. The ability to deliver virtualized applications and operating
systems is provided. The Hyper-V can also be used to build virtual desktop
infrastructure (VDI).
Windows Server 2008 R2 has also improved Remote Desktop Services, which
enables corporate desktop management through virtualization and VDI.
Internet Requirements
This table shows Internet requirements related to using SQL Server 2008 (64-bit).
Component Requirement
Internet software Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 or newer is required to
view the online documentation (HTML Help). This
software is included with the 64-bit versions of the
Windows Server 2008 R2 family operating system.
Other
Table 6
7 Task 06
File Server
File server is use for the network solution; it is responsible for the central
storage and manages data files. So other computers on the same network can
access the files.it is allows users to share information over a network. Every
computer can be configured to be a host and act as a file server.it can be
configure multiple ways.
Print Server
Reason for chose print server, it is a software application, it allows any number
of users to share the same printer and it can control one or more printers. If we
want to move files to a computer that is the only way to reach a printer that's
connected directly to it.
Database Server
Using Database Server, it is very helpful for Winsoft (PVT) Ltd because of it is
used to analysis the data, storage, data manipulation, archiving, and other non-
user specific tasks. They can store their important data and employee details.
Web Server
A web server's principle intention is to store site documents and communicate
them over the web for your website guest's to see. Generally, a web server is
essentially a capable PC that stores and transmits information through the web.
When somebody visits a site page on your webpage their program speaks with
your web server, sending and accepting data that eventually directs what shows
up on the guest's PC screen. Therefore, the principle motivation behind a web
server is to store and exchange site information upon the demand of a guest's
program.
DHCP Server
DNS Server
Domain Name Servers (DNS) are what might as well be called a telephone directory.
They keep up a catalog of area names and make an interpretation of them to Internet
Protocol (IP) Address. This is vital in light of the fact that, in spite of the fact that
space names are simple for individuals to recollect, PC or machines, gets to sites in
view of IP address. Data from all the space name servers over the web are assembled
and housed at the Central Registry. Host organizations and Internet Service Providers
collaborate with the Central Registry on a customary timetable to get refreshed DNS
data. For instance, when a client sort www.google .com, the Internet Service Provider
(ISP) sees the DNS related with the area name and make an interpretation of it into
machine agreeable IP address and guides web association with the right site.
8 Task 7
Switch
A switch is a piece of a physical circuitry component that governs the signal
flow. Having a switch or toggle switch allows a connection to be opened or
closed. When opened, the switch allows a signal or power to flow through the
connection. When closed, the switch stops the flow and breaks the circuit
connection. On a network, a switch is a hardware device that filters and forwards
Router
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer
networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. A data
packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks
that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its destination node.
A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data
packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information
in the packet to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its
routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.
This creates an overlay internetwork.
The most familiar type of routers is home and small office routers that simply pass IP
packets between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would
be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an Internet
service provider (ISP). More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect
large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at
high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone. Though routers are
typically dedicated hardware devices, software-based routers also exist.
Cables
Cables are another main part in network developing. There are different types of
cables. Those cables are different when they are comparing with other cables. Cables
are using in a network to transfer data and information from a device to another
device. When cables are selecting for a network, it is depending on the network size
and accuracy.
◊ Poor
◊ Average
◊ Fast
Does the new network solution provide data and resource sharing?
◊ Yes
◊ No
How fast is accessing a shared folder?
◊ Poor
◊ Satisfying
◊ Excellent
Is communicating with the other branch easier with the new solution?
◊ Yes
◊ No
0 1 2 3 4 5
Poor Excellent
◊ Yes
◊ No
0 1 2 3 4 5
Poor Excellent
After done with the implementation of the network of Winsoft it handed over to the
users to check the new solution. After they go through the new solution we gave
feedback forms to provide their ideas about the new network solution. After analysed
those questionnaires the following facts came up.
0 0 05 10 10 5
Poor Excellent
The results show most of the members are satisfied with the overall performances
while some members have stated the overall performances are middle.
0 5 5 10 5 5
Poor Excellent
The results show most of the members are satisfied with the Internet connection while
some members have stated the speed of the Internet connection is poor.
Record your test results obtained in Activity 04 (with proper descriptions and
screenshots) and analyze with the expected outputs. Evaluate your analysis.
Figure 2
Then login as Administrator. Password which was set before installing the operating
system will be asked to be changed at the first login attempt.
Figure 4
Figure 6
After IP settings are changed. Then open the server manager window and select the
‘Add roles and features’ option.
Figure 7
Then ‘Add roles and features wizard’ window is displayed. Click next.
Figure 8
Figure 9
Select server roles ‘Active directory domain services’ and click the ‘install’ button.
Then the active directory domain services are installed.
Figure 10
Figure 11
Creating a new domain in a new forest and enter the domain name
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Through My computer and ‘computer Name’ tab the client can be added to the
domain.
Figure 25
Figure 26
Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Then install the active directory domain services in the PC by running the add roles
and features wizard.
Figure 30
Figure 32
First click on the notification icon and then click ‘promote this server to a domain
controller’.
Figure 33
Then the following window is viewed. Follow the wizard to configure the child
domain.
Figure 34
Click ‘ok’.
Figure 35
Figure 36
Figure 38
Figure 39
Figure 40
Figure 41
Figure 42
Test Case #: 1.1 Test Case Name: Installing Windows Server 2012 R2
Pre-conditions
VMware is required.
Post-conditions
Windows Server 2012 R2 should be working with proper IP configurations.
Table 7
controller
Short Description: Windows Server 2012 R2 is used to configure the primary domain
Pre-conditions
Windows Server 2012 R2 needs to be installed.
Post-conditions
A new domain needs to be created.
Table 8
Post-conditions
New user is created in the WINSOFT domain.
Table 9
Post-conditions
Client PC should be connected to the domain.
Table 10
Test Case #: 3.1 Test Case Name: design the child domain
System: winsoft call center
Short Description: windows server 2102 R2 will be configured as the child domain
Pre-conditions: another windows server 2012 R2 has to be created.
Post-conditions
Child domain should be connected to the parent domain.
Table 11
Test Case #: 4.1 Test Case Name: Ping Commands
System: winsoft call center
Short Description: Ping Commands is used for testing the system.
Pre-conditions
Domain and a client required.
Post-conditions
--------
Table 12
Figure 43
Figure 44
Figure 45
13 Conclusion
Mohammed Basith Network Technologies
Page 67
Utilizing innovation in the organizations are extremely normal today. With the
insurgency of innovation entire world end up plainly worldwide town. In the
business today they are attempting to impart among different organizations and
with their own particular branches. They utilize organizing strategies to
intercommunicate. System arrangements have the capacity to satisfy their
imparting purposes and additionally their security issues as well. A system ought
to be create by following those related system conventions. System is worked
with the mix of equipment and programming. So before we build up the system
we need to pick the equipment and programming necessities. Before create need
to make a legitimate arrangement. It ought to be rich by the assets which will be
utilize when the system is creating, equipment and programming which are
utilizing as a part of the system, arrange sort, cost, advantages of utilization the
system and chose organize sort, and so on it ought to be an assistance to take a
harsh thought regarding the system and the parameters of it.
Strengths
Ability to answer questions and identify various network topologies and
types successfully.
Weaknesses
Designing the network diagram was challenging.
Hewlett P. (2016). HP proliant rack and tower servers. [ONLINE]. Available at:
www.hpe.com. accessed date: 2017/01/20