Second Quarter Module 3

Week 3
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the Development
and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be helped to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care.

2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included in
the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Let’s Learn

The content of this module will guide the learners to understand the basic concepts of
algebraic expressions as well as to develop their ability to proficiently construct and translate
English phrases to Mathematical phrases and vice versa for logical interpretation of the
situations, to provide mathematical solutions to the problems.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. translate English phrases to Mathematical phrases and vice versa and

2. illustrate and differentiate related terms in algebra:

a) an where n is a positive integer,
b) constant and variables,
c) literal coefficients and numerical coefficients,
d) algebraic expressions, terms and polynomials and
e) number of terms, degree of the term and degree of the polynomial

Let’s Try
Directions: Read each item carefully. Solve if necessary. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided before each number.

1. A variable, a number, or a collection of variables and numbers related by at least a

fundamental operation or grouping symbol.
A. Algebraic Expression C. Degree of the Term
B. Degree of the Polynomial D. Polynomial

2. What do you call the number beside a letter/variable in an algebraic term?

A. Coefficient C. Factor
B. Constant D. Numerical Coefficient

3. It is a letter or symbol that represents an unknown number.

A. Constant C. Numerical Coefficient
B. Literal coefficient D. Variable

4. It is a term in an algebraic expression that has a fixed value or has no variable.

A. Constant B. Literal coefficient C Term. D. Variable

5. It is a letter / variable used to represent a number in an algebraic expression.

A. Constant C. Numerical Coefficient
B. Literal coefficient D. Variable

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For numbers 6 to 9, Translate the following English Phrase/s to Mathematical Phrase/s.

6. Ten diminished by a certain number.

A. 10 + 𝑎 B. 10− 𝑎 C. 𝑎 + 10 D. 𝑎 −10

7. Twice the product of 𝑚 and 𝑎, increased by the product of 𝑡 and ℎ.

A. 2𝑚𝑎 + 𝑡ℎ B. 2𝑡ℎ+ 𝑚𝑎 C. 2𝑚𝑎𝑡 + ℎ D. 2𝑚 +𝑎𝑡ℎ
8. Seven more than the sum of two different numbers divided by two.
(𝑥+𝑦)+7 7(𝑥+𝑦) (𝑥𝑦)+7 7𝑥+𝑦
A. b. c. d.
2 2 2 2

9. Which is the correct English translation of the mathematical phrase (4𝑒) − 9?

A. Four times e squared minus nine.
B. Four times the difference of e and nine.
C. The product of four and nine decreased by e.
D. The product of four and the variable e decreased by nine.

10. Which of the following is the correct English translation of the

Mathematical sentence 𝑚∠𝐴 + 2𝑚∠𝐴 = 90?
A. Twice the sum of an angle is ninety.
B. Twice the sum of the measures of angle A is ninety.
C. The sum of the measures of angle A and twice itself is ninety.
D. The sum of the measures of two angles increased by two is ninety.

Alternatively, you may answer these questions online! Put your

Use this link on your cellphone, laptop or desktop: score here
http://bit.ly/MATH723TRY
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score
after completing the test. Make sure to screenshot your work as a proof to
your teacher then write your score in the box. Make sure you are connected to the internet!

2
 Lesson
Translating English Phrases to Mathematical Phrases

3a and English Sentences to Mathematical

Sentences and vice versa

Let’s Recall

Activity 1: Pick from the Word Pool!

Directions: Choose the appropriate word or phrase below that corresponds to the given
mathematical symbol.
• ÷ /

divided by the difference of multiplied by less times

the sum of the quotient of minus exceeds by less than
decreased by the product of greater than split into added to
take away increased by the ratio of more than
subtracted from deducted divided into reduced by

Let’s Explore

Activity 2: Say it in another way!

In our daily conversation, there are many ways we can express what we want to say
in another language or dialect. Just like in Mathematics, we can translate Mathematical
Expression to an English Phrase.

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

Now, it’s time to t e!

Activity 3: Phrasing

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 In spoken or written language, you might Talking about numbers in Mathematics, you
have often used or heard the following might have already said or written similar
phrases below. phrases like these.

Example 1: Example 2:
a. in the house a. Five plus two
b. physical distancing b. Ten less three
c. fun distance learning c. Three times bigger
d. many people outside d. Thirty-five divided by five
e. sweet home-made cakes e. The product of four and three
f. slow internet connection f. The quotient of twelve and four
g. strict lockdown in the city g. Thrice a number increased by four
h. h.
Questions:
i. i.
j. j.

Can you add Can you add

more? more?

Follow Up Question:

How are the given phrases in Example 1 differ from the phrases in Example 2?

Let’s Explain

A phrase is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. (See given
phrases in Example 1 & 2). Mathematical phrases can be expressed in English Phrases and
vice versa.
The Mathematical Phrase 2ab + 3 is read as “twice the product of 𝒂 and 𝒃
increased by three.”

2 ab + 3

Twice the product of a and b increased by three

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 Table 1: Some Examples of English Phrases Translated to Mathematical Phrases

English Mathematical English Mathematical

Phrase Phrase Phrase Phrase

8 added to y 𝑦+8 8 subtracted from y 𝑦–8

The sum of s and y 𝑠+𝑦 The difference of s and y 𝑠–𝑦

3 more than x 𝑥+3 3 less than x 𝑥–3

m increased by e 𝑚+𝑒 m decreased by e 𝑚–𝑒

11 greater than 7 7 + 11 11 take away 7 11 – 7

f exceeds by 4 𝑓+4 f reduced by 4 𝑓–4

The product of 8 and b 8𝑏 the quotient of b and 8 𝑏÷8

3
Thrice m 3𝑚 The ratio of 3 to m
𝑚
1 𝑉
One-third of y 𝑦 V split into 5 equal parts
3 5

4 multiplied by t 4𝑡 𝑜𝑟 4•t

Now, take a closer look then compare:

Table 2: Comparison of English/Mathematical Phrase and English/Mathematical Sentence

English Phrase Mathematical Phrase

a. The square of x decreased by five. 𝑥2 − 5
b. Five more than three times a number (n) 3𝑛 + 5
c. twice a number decreased by two 2𝑥 − 2
English Sentence Mathematical Sentence
d. Three more than x is equal to 7 𝑥+3=7
e. Thrice a number d decreased by four is twenty- 3𝑑 – 4 = 23
three.
f. Area (A) of a triangle is one-half the product of its A= 1 bh
base (b) and height (h) 2

Guide Questions:

1. What similarities do you find in English phrases and English Sentences? In

Mathematical phrase and Mathematical Sentence?

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 2. Write down any differences you find between a mathematical phrase and a
mathematical sentence.

Adding the “equal” or “is equal to” in phrases will lead you in constructing an English
Sentence and Mathematical Sentence, also known as Equation which shows
relationship.

Table 3: Symbols Showing Mathematical Relationship

= equal, is equal to > is greater than, is more than
≠ not equal, is not equal to < is less than,

To watch a video tutorial on translating English phrases to Mathematical phrases and translating English
sentences to Mathematical sentences, visit these links https://youtu.be/KmuWR_LriQU and
https://youtu.be/mIfkWQ8wvNA

Lesson

Illustrating and Differentiating Related Terms in

3b Algebra

In the preceding lesson, we have discussed about mathematical phrase which can
also be called algebraic expression. Now, let’s find out what makes up an Algebraic
Expression. It is important to be familiar with the terms used in studying algebra. It’s time to
go through each of them thoroughly.
DEFINITION

Positive Exponent - an, is read as “the nth power of a” or “a raise to n.”

EXPONENT tells how many times its base can be used as a factor.

an = a • a • a • a • a• a …a, if n is a positive number, n

factors of a
BASE

Note: a = a1, if the exponent is equal to one, no need to write it down.

a2 = if the exponent is 2, it can be read as “a squared.”
a3 = if the exponent is 3, it can be read as “a cube.”
a4 = if the exponent is 4, it can be read as “a raise to the 4th power.”
.
.
. 6
an = if the exponent is n, it can be read as “a raise to the nth power.”
 Example 3 : Expand the following and give the product.
a. 33 Solution: 3 • 3 • 3 = 27
3 4
b. ab c Solution: a •b •b •b •c •c •c •c

Example 4 : Give the product of the following using exponent

c. 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 Solution: 25
d. bc • bc • bc • bc Solution: (bc)4
DEFINITION

 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS – A variable, a number, or a collection of variables and numbers

related by at least a fundamental operation or grouping symbol.
 VARIABLE – a letter or symbol that represents an unknown number.
 CONSTANT – a term in an algebraic expression that has a fixed value or no variable.
 NUMERICAL COEFFICIENT- a number beside a letter/variable in an algebraic term.
 LITERAL COEFFICIENT - a letter/variable used to represent a number in an algebraic
expression.
 ALGEBRAIC TERMS – algebraic expression separated by the plus (+) or minus (-)
symbol.
Table 4: Illustrating and Differentiating Numerical and Literal Coefficient, Variable and Constant
Algebraic Numerical Literal Coefficient Constant Variable
Expression Coefficient
2y + 4 2 y 4 y
2 5, 1 2 -6 a,b
5ab + b - 6 ab , b

Note: b = 1b, the variable alone has the coefficient of 1 and there’s no need to write it down.

DEFINITION

 POYNOMIAL – an algebraic expression that contains a single or multiple terms with

positive whole number exponents on the variables.
 DEGREE OF A TERM
i. The degree of a term that has only one variable is the exponent of that variable.
ii. The degree of a term that has more than one variable is the sum of the
exponents of the variables.
iii. The degree of a constant term is zero.
 DEGREE OF A POLYNOMIAL
i. The degree of a polynomial that has only one variable is the highest power
appearing in any of the terms.
ii. The degree of a polynomial in more than one variable is the highest sum of the
exponents of the variables in any terms.

Examples of Polynomial
1
1. 5 3. m–n 5. √3(m3) + 2m2 + mn2
3

2. 3m 4. m3 + m2 – 26

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 Table 5: Examples of Non-Polynomial Algebraic Expressions
Not 3 2
Polynomial m √2mn 2mn-3 + 3 m3/4
√m
a variable the variable the variable the variable has the variable has
Reasons appears in the has a radical has a radical negative exponent fractional
denominator sign sign exponent

Example 5: Identify the number of terms, the degree of each term and the degree of
polynomial in the following:

a) 10y6 + 8y4 + 5y2 + 2 b) - 2ab + 4a3 +8a2b3 + 3b + 3

Solution:
Degree of
Number
Polynomial the
of Terms Polynomial

a) 10y6 + 8y4 + 5y2 + 2

First Second Third Fourth term

term term term is in zero is
in is in 4th is in degree
6th degree 2nd 4 terms 6th degree
degree degree

Note: The highest degree of this polynomial is 6, therefore it is

in 6th degree.

Degree of
Number
Polynomial of Terms the
Polynomial

b) -2ab + 4a3 + 8a2b3 + 3b + 3

First Second Third Fourth Fifth

term term term term term
is in is in is in 5th is in 1st is in
2nd 3rd degree degree zero 5 terms 5th degree
degree degree degree

Note: If the term consists of more than one variable simply add their
exponents. The highest degree of this polynomial is 5, therefore it is in 5th
degree.

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 Table 6: Classification of Polynomials According to Number of Terms
Monomial Binomial Trinomial Multinomial
(One Term) (Two Terms) (Three Terms) (More than 3 terms)
14 4xyz - 3 a+b- c 10y6 + 8y4 + 5y2 + 2
x -2bc + 1 2x + x3 - 4 8a2b3 + 4a3 - 2ab + 3b + 3
y x-5 3(a-b) + ab - 6 0.25j5 + 0.50c3 - 1.25i3 + 1.25g
𝑦 m4 p3 g2 m4 p3 g2
2bc +8 - + - + + 11
3 4 3 2 4 3 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
m3 + m2 + m v4 + v3 + v2 + v
4xyz 14ab + 6 2 34 2 3 45

30k 4k + 26 0.25j5 + 0.50c3 - 1.25i 0.30j5 + 0.60c3 - 0.90i - 8

To watch a video tutorial on Illustrating and Differentiating Related Terms in Algebra by

Mathantics (2015), visit this link https://youtu.be/ffLLmV4mZwU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9FDbFSt59U&t=17s

Let’s Dig In

Activity 4: Go, go! TransL8, before it’s 2 L8!

A. Directions: Choose from the box below the correct mathematical phrase/s that translates
the following English phrase/s. Let a be the number.

𝑎 𝑎2
+a (3a)3 a–4 3a + 2
2 4

1. Four less than the number.

2. Thrice the number increased by two.
3. Cube of thrice the number.
4. One-fourth of the square of the number.
5. Half of a number increased by itself.

B. Directions: Translate the following English phrase to Mathematical phrase.

1. Twice the product of m and e.

2. Cube of the difference of b and c.

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 3. Thrice the square of x increased by four.

4. Twice a number y increased by one-fourth.

5. One –half of the product of two numbers b and h.

C. Directions: Translate the following Mathematical phrase to English phrase.

1. xyz

f2
2. +5
4

3. 4m - 3

4. 2a2 + 3b2

𝑥+7
5.
𝑥−7

D. Directions: Represent the following English Sentences to Mathematical Sentences.

Mathematical
English Sentence
Sentence
1. The length (l) of a rectangular garden is 9 meters more than its
width (w).
2. The age of Mrs. Radam (R) is thrice the age of her youngest son
(s).
3. The weight of one sack of rice (s) is equivalent to Larry’s age (l).
4. The perimeter (p) of a square is four times its sides (s).
5. Area (A) of a circle is the product of the constant pi (π) and the
square of its radius (r).

E. Directions: Translate the following Mathematical Sentence to English Sentence.

Mathematical
English Sentence
Sentence
1. 3y = 45
1
2. A = bh
2
3. 2x + 3y = 8
4. 5abc = 40
5. 3v + 8 = 2u

F. Directions: Expand the following algebraic expression and give its product if possible.
1. 25

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 2. 53
3. e3f4
4. (ab)6
5. x2(yz)4

G. Directions: Express the following in exponential form.

1. s • s
2. c • c • c
3. (3 • 3)(3 • 3• 3• 3• 3)
4. (4 • 4)( 4 • 4 • 4)
5. The square of (a + b + c)

H. Directions: Complete the table.

Algebraic Numerical Literal Constant

Variable/s
Expression Coefficient/s Coefficient/s Term
1. 10x2 + 8 10 x2 x 8
3 2
2. 6x y + c + 2
3. 20r4 + s - 5
4. n+m-4
5. 25c + y - 10
6. 9y + y - 7

I. Directions: Write P if the given expression is a polynomial and NP if it is NOT a

Polynomial.
1. πd2 4. ab + 15ps-3 _

1 3
2. 10x1/2 + 5y 5. x+ x _
4 3
3. 12
J. Directions: Complete the table.

Type of Polynomial Degree

Number of
Polynomial According to the of the
Terms
Number of Terms Polynomial
1) 16p3 - 4p2 + p - 25
2) 8n2 + 10n - 2
3) 14x + 28z
4) 12m
5) 7

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 Let’s Remember

Mathematical phrases can be expressed in English Phrases and vice versa.

Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

Add Subtract Multiply Divide

Increased by Decreased by Product Quotient

Plus Minus Times Shared

Sum Difference Twice Split between

Total Reduced by Of Divided by

More Less than Multiplied by Per

= equal, is equal to > is greater than, is more than

≠ not equal, is not equal to < is less than,
𝑛
 POSITIVE EXPONENT - 𝑎 , is read as “the nth power of 𝑎” or “𝑎 raise to 𝑛.”

 EXPONENT- tells how many times its base can be used as a factor.
= a • a • a • a • a • a …a, if n is a positive number,
n factors of a
 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS – A variable, a number, or a collection of variables and
numbers related by at least a fundamental operation or grouping symbol.
 VARIABLE – a letter or symbol that represents an unknown number.
 CONSTANT – a term in an algebraic expression that has a fixed value or no variable.
 NUMERICAL COEFFICIENT- a number beside a letter/variable in an algebraic term.
 LITERAL COEFFICIENT - a letter/variable used to represent a number in an algebraic
expression.
 ALGEBRAIC TERMS – algebraic expression separated by the plus (+) or minus (-)
symbol.
 POYNOMIAL – an algebraic expression that contains a single or multiple terms with
positive whole number exponents on the variables.
 DEGREE OF A TERM
i. The degree of a term that has only one variable is the exponent of that variable.
ii. The degree of a term that has more than one variable is the sum of the
exponents of the variables.
iii. The degree of a constant term is zero.
 DEGREE OF A POLYNOMIAL
i. The degree of a polynomial that has only one variable is the highest power
appearing in any of the terms.
ii. The degree of a polynomial in more than one variable is the highest sum of the
exponents of the variables in any terms.

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 Let’s Apply

A. Directions: Write the English Sentence for number 1 and give the Mathematical sentence
for number 2.

1. Volume of Cylinder 2. Volume of Cone:

Mathematical Sentence: Mathematical Sentence:

V = πr2h

English Sentence: English Sentence:

The volume of a cone is one-third of the

product of the constant π, the square of
its radius times height.

r
r

h h

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_and_tin_cans

http://www.bodeansbaking.com/food-service-

B. Directions: Match column A to Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Variable A. a term in an algebraic expression that has a fixed

2. Constant
3. Numerical Coefficient
4. Literal Coefficient
5. Positive Exponent, an
C. Directions: Fill in the blanks w ith the correct answer.
value or no variable.
B. tells how many times the base can be used as a factor
C. a letter/variable used to represent a number in an algebraic
expression.
D. Combination of numbers, letters or symbols
E. a number beside a letter/variable in an algebraic term.
F. a letter or symbol that represents an unknown
number.

C. Fill in the blank to complete the sentences below.

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1. that has only one variable is the exponent of that
variable.
2. that has only one variable is the highest power
appearing in any of the terms.
3. an algebraic expression that contains a single or
multiple terms with positive whole number exponents on the variables.
4. algebraic expression separated by the plus (+) or
minus (-) symbol.
5. a variable, a number, or a collection of variables and
numbers related by at least a fundamental operation or grouping symbol.

Let’s Evaluate

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which is the numerical coefficient of the algebraic expression 15𝑚𝑏𝑝𝑠 + 10?

A. 10 B. 15 C. 12 and 10 D. 15m

2. Which is the literal coefficient in the given expression 12𝑦 + 7?

A. 7 B. 12 C. y D. 12y

3. Which is the constant in the algebraic expression 7𝑥 + 11𝑦 + 24?

A. x B. y C. 11 D. 24

4. Which of the following is NOT a polynomial?

1 p
A. 4b2 + 5b B. x-2 C. D. 5g
8 2
5. How many terms are there in the polynomial 𝑥3 + 3𝑥2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦2 + 𝑦2 ? A. 1
B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

6. What is the degree of the polynomial 7𝑥4 𝑦 3 𝑧2 + 8𝑦 5 − 9𝑧3 ? A.

9 B. 5 C. 3 D. 7

7. Which of the following is a binomial?

A. 7 B. 7bde C. 6bde - 4bde + 2 D. 6b3d2e - 4bde

8. Which is the correct English sentence for the equation 3𝑥 = 45?

A. Thrice a number x is forty-five.
B. The product of thrice a number is forty-five.
C. Thrice the product of three and a number x is forty-five.
D. Thrice a number x is not equal to forty-five.

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9. Which of the following statement/s is/are TRUE about algebraic expressions and
polynomials?
i. All algebraic expressions are polynomials.
ii. All polynomials are algebraic expressions.
iii. All polynomials have positive integral exponents.
iv. The expression m2+4m-2-3 is a polynomial.

A. ii only B. iii only C. ii and iii D. i, ii and iv

10. Which is the correct mathematical sentence for “the average of eighty-five and a number
m is ninety?”

A. 85+ 90 = m C. 85 + m = 90

85+𝑚 85+𝑚
B. = 90 D. = 90
2 3

Alternatively, you may answer these questions online! Put your

Use this link on your cellphone, laptop or desktop: score here
http://bit.ly/MATH723EVAL
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score
after completing the test. Make sure to screenshot your work as a proof to
your teacher then write your score in the box. Make sure you are connected to the internet!

15
 Let’s Extend

A. Directions: Complete the table.

Numerical Coefficient

Type of Polynomial
Number of Terms

Number of Terms
Literal Coefficient

According to the
Constant Term

Degree of the
Polynomial
Variable/s
Polynomial

1. 0.60w3 + 0.40w2 + w + 0.25

2. d2 + d – 12

𝑣 𝑣
3. +
5 4
4. -45e

5. 0.5

B. Directions: Express the following in exponential form.

1. x to the ninth power
2. y raise to eight.
3. 123 • a • a • b • b • b • c • c • c • c
4. (2 • 2)(2 • 2• 2• 2• 2) (2 • 2• 2• 2) (2 • 2• 2)
5. (10 •10• 10) (10 •10• 10•10) (10 •10• 10•10• 10)

C. Directions: State the four reasons why an Algebraic Expression cannot be a polynomial.
a.
b.
c.
d.

D. Directions: Translate the following mathematical phrase to English Phrase and vice-versa.
1. Mathematical Phrase: 7x + 11y .
English Phrase:

2. Mathematical Sentence: .
English Sentence: The Area of a rectangle is equal to the product of its length
and width.

16
References
Orines,F.B., Manalo, C.B, Suzara, J.L.,Mercado, J.P., Copyright © 2012
Next Century Mathematics 7, Phoenix Publishing House
(pp. 229-233, & pp 242-248)

Oronce, O.B., & Mendoza, M.O., Revised Edition 2015, e-Math Worktext in Mathematics,
Rex Bookstore (pp. 202-212, pp. 240-242)

Herrera, L.D., Mancia, J.S., Tesorio, Copyright © 2012, Hands-on, Minds-on Activities
Mathematics Grade 7, St. Jude Thaddeus Publications and Panel of Authors (pp. 112-113)

Development Team of the Module

Author: MS. RENALYN O. RONDILLA
Editor: Content Editor:
DR. PASCUALITA O. DOROJA
MS. JOCELYN E. PAMINTUAN
MS. MARICEL P. MASALAY
MS. IMELDALYN BUENO
MS. GINA R. VILLAVERDE
Reviewers: MS. MIRASOL I. RONGAVILLA, EPS-Mathematics
DR. PASCUALITA O. DOROJA
MS. ANGELITA O. CUDAL
MS. MARICEL P. MASALAY
MS. JENNICA ALEXIS B. SABADO
DR. MELEDA POLITA
Illustrator: MS. RENALYN O. RONDILLA
Layout Artist: MS. JENNICA ALEXIS B. SABADO
Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA,CID Chief
MIRASOL I. RONGAVILLA , EPS – Mathematics
DR. DAISYL. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph

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