Week 1-2. Nature of Mathematics With Annotations

Technological University of the Philippines. Mathematics in the Modern World. Nature of Mathematics.
February 2021
Mathematics in the
Modern World
Dave Carlos A. Calixto, M.A.Ed.
Mathematics Instructor
Technological University of the Philippines. Mathematics in the Modern World. Nature of Mathematics. February 2021
Mathematics in the Modern World List of Topics

1. Nature of Mathematics 4. Logic
2. Speaking Mathematically 5. The Mathematics of Graphs
3. Problem Solving 6. Mathematical Systems
➢ MIDTERM EXAM ➢ FINAL EXAM
Grading System for GEC 4

Mathematics in the Modern World
✓ Problem Sets – 30%
✓ Final Examination – 30%
✓ Midterm Examination – 20%
✓ Class Participation – 10%
✓ Attendance, Behavior – 10%
TOTAL – 100%
Nature of Mathematics
Patterns and Numbers in
Nature and the World
Patterns in nature are visible regularities found:
Natural World Universe

Patterns recurring in different context can sometimes be modelled mathematically.
Mathematics is the formal system on recognizing, classifying, and exploiting
patterns.
Could you think of things from

where we can see patterns?
Mathematics – organize and systematize ideas about patterns in nature.

Patterns possess utility and beauty.

Patterns in stars which move in circles across the sky each day.
The weather seasons cycle each year (e.g., winter, spring summer, fall).
Animals and fish stripes and spots attest to mathematical regularities in biological
growth and form.
Evolutionary and functional arguments are explained by the patterns of animals.
Mathematics for our World

Mathematics help organize patterns and
regularities in the world. It helps predict
the behavior of nature and phenomena in
the world, as well as helps humans exert
control over occurrences in the world for
the advancement of our civilization.
Example 1:
Determine what comes next in the given patterns.
1. A, C, E, G, I, ___
2. 15, 10, 14, 10, 13, 10, ___
3. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, ___
Example 2: Population Growth

The exponential growth model
0.02𝑡
𝐴 = 30𝑒 describes the
population of a city in thousands,
t years after 1995.
A. What was the population
of the city in 1995?
B. What will be the
population in 2017? 2020?
Example 3:
Population Growth
Suppose the population
of a certain bacteria in a
laboratory sample is 100.
If it doubles in population
every 6 hours, how many
bacteria will there be in
two days?
Example 4:
A certain study found that the
relationship between the
students’ exam scores (y) and
the number of hours spent
studying (x) is given by the
equation 𝑦 = 10𝑥 + 45. Using
this information, what will be
the estimated score of a
student who spent 4 hours of
studying?
Check your progress:

1. Determine the missing term.
1.1. 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, ___
1.2. 41, 39, 37, 35, 33, ___
1.3. a, D, g, J, ___
1.4. 5, 3, 10, 6, 15, 9, _____

1.5. CSD, ETF, GUH, _____, KWL
1.6. O, T, T, F, F, S, S, E, _____
1.7. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, _____

2. The exponential growth model
𝐴 = 50𝑒 0.07𝑡 describes a
population of a city in the
Philippines in thousands, t years
after 1997.
A. What is the population after
20 years?
B. What is the population in 2037?
Nature of Mathematics
The Fibonacci Sequence
What is a sequence?
A sequence is a set of ordered list of numbers, called
terms, that may have repeated values. The
arrangement of these terms is set by a definite rule.
History of Fibonacci Sequence

➢ It is named after an Italian mathematician named Leonardo of Pisa
who was better known by his nickname Fibonacci.
➢ While the sequence is widely known as Fibonacci sequence, this
pattern is said to have been discovered much earlier in India.
According to some scholarly articles, Fibonacci sequence is evident in
the number of variations of a particular category of Sanskrit and
Prakrit poetry meters. In poetry, meter refers to rhythmic pattern of
variables.
The Fibonacci Sequence

The Fibonacci sequence is the sequence f1, f2, f3, f4, … which has its first two terms f1
and f2 both equal to 1 and satisfies thereafter the recursion formula fn = fn–1 + fn–2.
The sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, … is called the
Fibonacci sequence and its terms the Fibonacci numbers.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, …
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, …
Golden Ratio ~ 1.618

This refers to the number that
the ratios of successive
Fibonacci numbers approach to.
The golden ratio is the limit of
the ratios of successive terms of
the Fibonacci sequence (or any
Fibonacci-like sequence), as
originally shown by Johannes
Kepler (1571–1630).
A golden rectangle can be broken into squares the size of the next Fibonacci
number down and below.
Fibonacci spiral –
Take a golden rectangle, break it down into smaller squares based from Fibonacci
sequence and divide each with an arc.
Golden Rectangle with the Golden Spiral

➢ Let us draw a golden rectangle with the golden spiral.
Golden Rectangle with the Golden Spiral

Exercises:
Let Fib(n) be the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence, with Fib(1)=1,
Fib(2)=1, Fib(3)=2, and so on.
1. Find Fib(8).
2. Find Fib(19).
3. If Fib(22)=17,711 and Fib(24)=46,368, what is Fib(23)?
4. Evaluate the following sums:
A. Fib(1) + Fib(2) = _____
B. Fib(1) + Fib(2) + Fib(3) =_____
C. Fib(1) + Fib(2) + Fib(3) + Fib(4) =_____

Week 1-2. Nature of Mathematics With Annotations

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Technological University of the Philippines. Mathematics in the Modern World. Nature of Mathematics.

Mathematics in the Modern World List of Topics

Grading System for GEC 4

Patterns in nature are visible regularities found:

Natural World Universe

Could you think of things from

Mathematics – organize and systematize ideas about patterns in nature.

Patterns possess utility and beauty.

Mathematics for our World

Example 2: Population Growth

Check your progress:

Check your progress:

Check your progress:

History of Fibonacci Sequence

The Fibonacci Sequence

Golden Ratio ~ 1.618

Golden Rectangle with the Golden Spiral

Golden Rectangle with the Golden Spiral

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