NUR FATIHANA BT ALPIAN (2020968267)

TWO TYPES OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

Cultural property can be defined as property that is gazetted on a religious or

secular basis that is determined by each country and government specifically as an
importance for archaeology, literature, prehistory, history, and scientific discoveries.
The publication of Cultural property ii means the law of the discovery of property or
culture that differs from country to country. This definition is adopted globally by
special organizations to protect this property such as the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization or better known as (UNESCO). Regarding the
qualification as gazetted as cultural property, in terms of the 1970 UNESCO
Convention on Illegal Import, Export and Transfer of Cultural Property
(Implementation) Act. The object must belong to one of the categories provided
based on article 1 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention. It must have significant cultural,
historical, and scientific significance that belongs to heritage and will be protected by
the laws of a country. There are two types of Cultural Property namely immovable
and movable.

The definition of Immovable cultural properties are structures that are

important to the public due to their cultural value and are protected according to the
procedures established by the Real Estate Protection Act. Immovable heritage
includes structures, land and other elements of historical value that are connected to
each other by fixed foundations on the ground. In addition to castles, villas and
towers, they include churches, monasteries, churches, villas and palaces, rural folk
architecture, technical and industrial monuments, theatres, museums, plague
column, roadside temple, etc. Referring to UNESCO (2020b), immovable cultural
property contains several parts that can be explained into several parts, namely A
monument such as architectural works, monumental sculptures and paintings,
places of residence and even cave inscriptions, a group of structures or features that
have a certain value from the point of view of archaeology, history, art or science.
Next is a group of buildings where these groups of buildings are either separate or
connected due to their location in the landscape, their homogeneity, their
architecture, their architecture has a certain value from the point of view of art,
history, or science. Then, the site. Sites that include a combination of human and
natural works, topographical areas have a certain value because of their beauty or
their interest from the point of view of history, archaeology, etymology, and
anthropology.

Next is, movable cultural property, movable cultural property are define as material
creations and other objects that are movable by name, design and nature, it have
cultural value and are listed in the National Archives of movable cultural property.
Movable cultural assets are identified by detailed descriptions and complete images.
Movable cultural heritage may include works of art and historical, archaeological,
cryptographic, collectible, scientific or technological artifacts. Movable cultural
monument can be managed by museum, library, archive, gallery, or other object or
material by collector and other related institution, whether it is an individual collector
or vice versa. In laws If you buy cultural material in a state or from overseas, you
need to ensure that any import/export is compliant with relevant cultural property
laws. The Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 ensures objects that
have cultural significance remain in State. For example, Australia. Australia is
committed to protecting national and foreign movable cultural heritage. Cultural
material bought in Australia or overseas is protected by laws. Australia is part of the
international effort to protect and safeguard the world`s cultural heritage, guided by
the UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit
Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1970.

Movable or immovable property of great importance to any person's cultural

heritage, such as architectural, artistic or historical monuments, whether religious or
secular ; archaeological sites; groups of buildings, grouped together, of historical or
artistic value, artwork, manuscripts, books and other objects of artistic, historical or
archaeological value, as well as scientific collections and significant collections of
books or archives or copies of the goods identified above. The preservation of
cultural property includes preserving and restoring it using "all techniques proven
effective in maintaining this property in a state as close to its original state as
possible." good". Cultural property conservation often involves the care and
management of collections through monitoring, examination, recording, exhibition,
archiving, preventive conservation, and restoration.