Chapter 11 Review Guide

WORLD HISTORY AP
Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage: 1200 to 1450 C.E.
Period Three: 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.

Timeline ( 2 Points)
Use the “Map of Time” to complete the following timeline.
Beginning of horseback riding
Conversion of Turkic peoples to Islam
Life of Temujin (Chinggis Khan)
Mongol rule in Russia
Failed Mongol attacks on Japan

1000BCE-Beginning of horseback riding

10th-14th Century-Conversion of Turkic peoples to Islam
1162–1227-Life of Temujin (Chinggis Khan)
1237–1480-Mongol rule in Russia
1274,1281-Failed Mongol attacks on Japan

Significant Terms (8 Points)

1. Pastoralism
Where productive farming was difficult or impossible, an alternative kind of food-producing
economy emerged., focused on the raising of livestock. People practicing such an economy
learned to use the milk, blood, wool, hides, and meat of their animals, allowing them to
occupy lands that could not support agricultural societies. Horses, camels, goats, sheep,
cattle, yaks, and reindeer were the primary animals that separately, or in some combination,
enabled the construction of pastoral or herding societies.

2. Xiongnu; Modun
One early large-scale pastoral empire was associated with the people known as the Xiongnu,
who lived in the Mongolian steppes north of China. Provoked by Chinese penetration of their
territory, the Xiongnu in the third and second centuries B.C.E created a huge military
confederacy that stretched from Manchuria deep into Central Asia. Under the charismatic
leadership of Modun the Xiongnu Empire effected a revolution in pastoral life

3. Turks
The most expansive religious tradition of the era, Islam, derived from a largely pastoral
people, the Arabs, and was carried to new regions by another pastoral people, the Turks. A
major turning point in the history of the Turks occurred with their conversion to Islam between
the tenth and fourteenth centuries. It also brought the Turks into an increasingly important
position within the heartland of an established Islamic civilization as they migrated southward
 into the Middle East.

4. Almoravid Empire
the Almoravid state enjoyed considerable prosperity, based on its control of much of the West
African gold trade and the grain-producing Allantic plains of Morocco. The Almoravids also
brought to Morocco the sophisticated Islarnic culture of southern Spain, still visible in the
splendid architecture of the city of Marrakesh, for a time the capital of the Almoravid Empire.

5. Temujin/Chinggis Khan
Temujin, later known as Chinggis Khan. He was bor and found the Mongols in an unstable
and fractious collection of tribes and clans, much reduced from a somewhat earlier and more
powerful position in the shifting alliances in what is now Mongolia. Temujin unifies the
Mongols and becomes the supreme leader.

6. The Mongol world war

In 1209, the first major attack on the settled agricultural societies south of Mongolia set in
motion half a century of a Mongol world war.The world war was a series of military
campaigns, massive killing, and empire building without precedent in world history. The
Mongol world war was during Chinggis Khan’s ruling.

7. Yuan dynasty China; Kubilai Khan

Khubilai Khan was the grandson of Chinggis Khan and China’s Mongol ruler from 1271 to
1294. The Mongol ruler Khubilai Khan retained the Mongol tradition of relying heavily on
female advisers, the chief of which was his favorite wife, Chabi. Khubilai Khan founded the
Chinese Yuan dynasty.

8. Hulegu
A first invasion led by Chinggis Khan himself, was followed thirty years later by a second
assault Hulegu who became the first il-khan of Persia. Hulegu was Ganghis Khan's grandson.

9. Khutulun
Khutulun was the only girt among fourteen brothers. Even among elite Mongol women, many
of whom played important roles in public life, Khutulun was unique.. A large and well-built
young woman, Khutulun excelled in horse riding, archery, and wrestling, outperforming her
brothers.

10. Kipchak Khanate; Golden Horde

The Persians and Russians that had been conquered by the Mongols had given them names.
To the Mongols it was the Kipchak Khanate, named affer the Kipchak Turkic-speaking peoples
 north of the Caspian and Black seas, among whom the Mongols had settled. To the Russians,
it was the Khanate br the Golden Horde By whatever name, the Mongols had conquered
Russia, but they did not occupy it as they had China and Persia

11. Black Death

Originating most likely in China, the bacteria responsible for the disease, known as Yersinia
pestis, spread across the trade routes of the vast Mongol Empire in the early fourteenth
century. Carried by rodents and transmitted by fleas to humans, the plague erupted initially in
1331. One Italian man, who had buried all five of his children with his own hands, wrote in
1348 that "so many have died that everyone believes it is the end of the world."

HTS Interpretation (2 Points)

Analyze the picture and caption (pg. 474). Then answer
the following question(s):
1. What is the overall image showing?
2. If you were to write a caption, what would you say?

SPICE - Choose two for the following, write the letter in the box and then write a complete
thesis for each (8 Points). You must do E!

S: What made the characteristics of pre-Mongolian nomadic peoples unique when compared to
those of their
neighboring peoples? (pg. 463-466)
P: What can you infer about the Mongol Empire by the fact that it issued official decrees in
multiple languages?
(pg. 469-472)
I: How did the plague contribute to the decline of the Mongol Empire? (pg. 483-485)
C: What evidence do we have to support the statement that the Mongols practiced religious
toleration? (pg.
482-483)
E: How did Mongol rulers affect the economies of the peoples they conquered? (pg. 472)
S: The Mongol characteristics

E: