Topic: Ghazwat

(Battle of Hunain, Taif and Autas)

By: Ali Javed

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Battle of Hunain
Approximate
locations of some of
the important tribes
and Empire of the
Arabian Peninsula at
the dawn of Islam
 Battle of Hunain
th th
Date 10 Shawwal, 8 Hijra
(630 AD)
Location Hunain, near al-Ta'if in south-
western Arabia
Result Muslim victory
Belligerents
 Muslims  Hawazin,
 Quraysh of Makkah  Thaqif, 9 or 10 persons left at the time of
 Qais surprised attack by Hawazin and its allies
 Nasr, (Ibn e Ishaq)
 Jusham,
Other Sources: 12 or 80 or less than 100.
 Sa‘d bin Bakr,
 Bani Hilal,
 Bani 'Amr bin Amir,
 Bani 'Awf bin Amir
 ْ ‫اَّلل يِف َم َوا يط َن َكثي َري ٍة ۙ َوي َ ْو َم محنَ ْ ٍْي ۙ ا ْذ أَ ْ َْع َب ْت م ُْك كَ ْ َْثتم م ُْك فَ َ َْل تم ْغ ين َع م‬
‫نُك‬ ‫ََصمُكم ه م‬
َ َ ‫ل َ َق ْد ن‬
ِ‫م ه‬
9:25 - ‫َشيْئًا َوضَ اقَ ْت عَلَ ْي م مُك ْ َاْل ْر مض يب َما َر مح َب ْت هُث َول ْي مُت ُّم ْد يب ير َين‬ Surah
Tauba
“Assuredly Allah did help you in many battle-fields and on the day of Hunain: Behold!
your great numbers elated you, but they availed you naught: the land, for all that
it is wide, did constrain you, and ye turned back in retreat.
[Quran 9:25]

‫ول َوعَ ََل الْ مم ْؤ يم ين َْي َو َأ َنز َل مجنمو ًدا ل ه ْم تَ َر ْو َها‬ ‫م هُث َأ َنز َل ه م‬
‫اَّلل َس يكينَ َت مه عَ َ َٰل َر مس ي ي‬
9:26 - ‫َوعَ هذ َب ه ياَّل َين َك َف مروا ۚ َو َذَٰ ي َِل َج َزا مء الْ َك يف ير َين‬
But Allah did pour His calm on the Messenger (pbuh) and on the Believers, and
sent down forces which ye saw not: He punished the Unbelievers; thus doth He
reward those without Faith.” [Quran 9:26]
 Hunain

Taif Nakhla
Autas

Siege of Ta’if by Prophet Commander Abu Amir Ash’ari Rabi’a bin Rafi’ killed
Muhammad pbuh. r.aRabi’a was martyred in Duraid bin Simmah at
Autas, but Muslims succeeded. Nakhla. Success of Muslims.
 Commanders and leaders
 Prophet Muhammad pbuh  Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri
 Ali ibn Abi Talib r.a  Duraid bin as-Simmah
 Abu Bakr r.a
 Umar ibn al-Khattab r.a
 Uthman ibn Affan r.a
 Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib r.a
 Zubayr ibn al-Awam r.a
 Abu Sufyan ibn Harb r.a
Strength
12,000
 Pre-Fall of Makkah Muslims: 10,000 4,000 (to 20,000)
 Quraish: (included both New Converts and Non
Muslims): 2,000

Casualties and losses

 70 killed
4 Martyred  6,000 captured

CAPTURES AS BOOTY
 24,000 camels
 40,000 goats
 160,000 silver coins
 Siege of Ta'if
Date December 630
Location Ta'if
Result Inconclusive

Belligerents
Muslims of Medina Citizens of Ta'if

Commanders and leaders

Prophet Muhammad pbuh Unknown

Strength

12,000 10,000
Casualties and losses

12 Unknown
Manjneeq/ Trebuchets
Testudos
Testudos
The Siege of Taif
 The people of Thaqif, who were defeated by Muslims in the Battle of Hunayn, took refuge in their
land, Taif; they closed the gates of the city and prepared to fight.
 It was one of the last shelters of polytheism. They had to be defeated so that they would never have
the courage to oppose Islam. Malik b. Awf, who had made the tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif revolt
against Muslims, took shelter there, too. It was necessary to catch him and punish him.
 Therefore, the Prophet pbuh set off toward Taif with the mujahids. He knew Taif very well. Years
ago, he had experienced the most painful days of his life there. He had gone to Taif to invite them to
Islam but they had stoned him and he was drenched in blood.
 The Islamic army reached the land of Taif soon. However, the people of Thaqif had locked
themselves into their castle and stocked plenty of food as a precaution.
 It was not possible to enter the city by climbing the walls. Therefore, the Messenger of God besieged
the city. The headquarters of the Islamic army was near the city walls; therefore, the mujahids
received many arrow shots. Meanwhile, several mujahids were martyred by arrows.
 Thereupon, the Messenger of God moved the headquarters back, near the place where the Mosque
of Taif is located today. Two tents were put up for Umm Salama and Zaynab, the wives of the
Prophet pbuh. The Messenger of God pbuh performed his prayers between these two tents
and sat there. After the people of Thaqif became Muslims, they built a mosque there and named it
“Sariya Mosque”
 During the siege, fighting continued in the form of throwing arrows.

 The People of Thaqif are Stoned Through Catapults
 When the Prophet saw that the siege prolonged and that the people of Thaqif had
no intention of surrendering, he talked to the mujahids to set up some catapults
and throw stones at them.
 Salman al-Farisi said, “I find it appropriate; we used to set up catapults in Persia
in the castles and the enemy also used to set up catapults against us. Thus, it was
easier to defeat each other. When there were no catapults, we had to wait for a
long time.”
 The Messenger of God liked the idea of Salman and ordered a catapult to be set
up. The order was fulfilled. There were two catapults in the army; with the new
one that was set up, the number of the catapults amounted to three. There were
also two dabbadas (strong carriage made of cowhide) in the Islamic army.
 The mujahids tried to go under these dabbadas and approach the castle and
break through the wall but they could not manage it because the arrows, hot
pieces of iron and pokers thrown by the enemy soldiers pierced the hide and made
it difficult for them to proceed. Meanwhile, a few mujahids were martyred.
 Attempt to Cut off Grapevines
 The siege prolonged and the aim could not be realized. Thereupon, the Messenger of
God took a different measure: In order to suppress the enemy economically, he
announced that the vineyards and orchards that belonged to the notables of Taif
and where high quality grapes were cultivated would be destroyed; and he ordered
the mujahids to cut off the grapevines.
 When the people of Thaqif saw that their vineyards and orchards, which were their
only source of income, were being destroyed, they said to the Prophet pbuh, “O
Muhammad (pbuh)! Why are you cutting off our plants? If you defeat us, you will
take them. Otherwise, leave them to us by considering the consent of God and the
rights of kinship.”
 Thereupon, the Messenger of God said, “I am leaving your vineyards
considering the consent of God and the rights of kinship.” Then, he
prohibited the mujahids from cutting off their grapevines.
 Meanwhile, Khalid bin Walid r.a, the heroic Companion asked the enemy to send
someone to fight him one-on-one. However, there was no reaction from the enemy.
One of them said to Khalid,
 “None of us will leave the castle to fight you. We are going to continue sitting in the
castle. We have enough food stock for years. If we run out of food and if you prefer to
wait until then, we will draw our swords and fight you until we die.”
 A New Tactic
 The siege went on and on. The people of Thaqif had no intention of leaving
their castle and fighting one-on-one. They did not think of surrendering, either.
 Thereupon, the Prophet pbuh used a different tactic. He had an announcement
made: “Any slave that leaves the castle, joins us and becomes a
Muslim will be free.”
 Upon this announcement, about twenty slaves left the castle, joined the
Islamic army and became Muslims. The Prophet pbuh freed them and
surrendered each of them to a wealthy Muslim so that they will teach them
how to read the Quran and teach them about the sunnahs.
 When the people of Thaqif later became Muslims, they asked the Prophet
pbuh to return those slaves to them. However, the Prophet pbuh rejected
their request by saying, “God freed them; I cannot return them to
you.”
 The Hypocrisy of Uyayna bin Hisn
 Meanwhile, Uyayna bin Hisn went to the presence of the Prophet pbuh and said, “O
Messenger of God! Let me go and talk to them; I will invite them to Islam. Maybe God will
grant them guidance.”
 When the Messenger of God let Uyayna, he went to the people of Taif and talked to them
contrary to what he said to the Prophet, “By God, Muhammad (pbuh) has never
encountered any people like you. Your castles are well-protected. Go on
resisting.”
 After that, Uyayna returned.
 The Messenger of God said, “O Uyayna! What did you tell them?”
 Uyayna spoke as if he was telling the truth: “I invited them to become Muslims. I said,
‘Muhammad (pbuh) will not return unless you surrender. Surrender and ask for
forgiveness.’”
 When Uyayna finished his talk, the Prophet pbuh said to him furiously, “You are lying. You
said this and that.” The Prophet told him exactly what he had said.
 Uyayna’s face blushed. He said, “You are telling the truth, O Messenger of God! I ask
God to forgive me for what I said. I regret it. I repent to God.”
 Meanwhile, Hazrat Umar Faruq r.a said, “O Messenger of God! Let me kill him.”
 The Messenger of God said, “No! People will say I am killing my Companions then.”
 The Dream of the Prophet
 One night, the Prophet pbuh saw a dream. He saw that he was offered a
bowl of butter but a cock turned over the bowl with its beak and
spilled the butter.
 When the Prophet pbuh told his Companions about his dream, Hazrat Abu
Bakr r.a said, “O Messenger of God! I think you will not attain what
you wish about the people of Taif today.”
 The Prophet had the same idea. He said, “I do not think it is possible,
either.
 The Siege is Lifted
 The Messenger of God realized that he would not be able to conquer Taif at that time. If he continued the siege, he would lose time.
 Mnawhile, he told his Companions that he was not given the permission to conquer Taif for the time being.
 Thereupon, Hazrat Umar said, “Shall we tell people to get ready to retreat?”
 The Prophet said, “Yes...”
 Thereupon, Hazrat Umar told the Muslims to get ready to leave Taif. Hazrat Umar also asked the Prophet, “O Messenger of God! Will you pray against the
people of Thaqif?”
 The Prophet said, “God did not allow me to pray against them. Get ready to move.”
 However, some of the mujahids did not want to leave without attaining anything. The even said, “Where are we going without conquering Taif?”
 They applied to Hazrat Abu Bakr. He said to them, “God and His Messenger know it better. The Messenger of God receives orders from the sky.”
 Thereupon, they went to Hazrat Umaru’l-Faruq and talked to him. Hazrat Umar said to them,
 “We experienced the Incident of Hudaybiyah. In Hudaybiyah, I had some doubts that only God knew. That day, I uttered some words that I had never
uttered before to the Messenger of God (pbuh). My family and property were almost destroyed. There was no conquest better than the Peace Treaty of
Hudaybiyah for the people. The number of the people who became Muslims after the Hudaybiyah was bigger than the number of people who became
Muslims during the period between the day the Messenger of God (pbuh) was sent as a prophet and the day the Peace Treaty was signed in Hudaybiyah;
and they became Muslims without any fighting. Whatever the Messenger of God does is good. After the Incident of Hudaybiyah, I cannot object to him for
anything. This is God’s affair. He reveals to His Prophet whatever He wishes.”
 When the Prophet noticed that the general opinion of the mujahids was to stay in Taif for some more time, he said to them, “Get ready to fight tomorrow
morning.”
 In the morning, they fought. However, this fighting brought about nothing but some wounds. The mujahids also believed that they could not conquer Taif.
When the Prophet said, “Inshaallah, we will return tomorrow”, they were happy. The Prophet smiled at their state.
 The Messenger of God and his army left Taif after a siege that lasted for about thirty days.
 The people of Thaqif struggled with the mujahids a lot; they tired and wounded them; they also martyred about fourteen mujahids. Therefore, when the
mujahids were about to leave, they asked the Prophet to pray against the people of Thaqif. However, the Prophet, who was sent as mercy to the realms,
prayed as follows: “O God! Show the people of Thaqif the right path and make them come to us.”[15]
 The Messenger of God had such a vast feeling of mercy and such a big ocean of compassion that he did not want even his fiercest enemies to be destroyed;
on the contrary, he wanted them to live with the light of Islam and belief. He asked his Lord to do it.
 Returning to Jirana
 After the Messenger of God lifted the siege, he left Taif together with the mujahids for the place called Jirana,
where the booty obtained in Hunayn and Awtas was kept.
 Suraka bin Jushum Becomes a Muslim
 While the Messenger of God and his Companions were going to Jirana from Taif, they noticed someone
approaching them. The Muslims wanted to stop him because they did not know him. They even wanted to
harass him lest he should be someone with evil intentions. They asked him, “Where are you going? What do
you want to do?”
 When he realized that the Muslims would not let him approach the Prophet, he held the writing written by
Hazrat Abu Bakr for him during the Migration between two of his fingers and shouted by showing it: “O
Messenger of God! This is what you wrote for me. I am Suraka bin Jushum.”
 The Prophet pbuh recognized him. He (pbuh) said, “Today is the day to keep my promise and to do you a
favor.” Then he called out to the Muslims, “Let him approach me.”
 When Suraka went to the presence of the Prophet pbuh, he uttered kalima ash-shahada and became a
Muslim.
 Suraka later said,
 “I asked the Messenger of God, ‘O Messenger of God! Some camels at large come close to my pools that I fill
with water for my camels. Will I have rewards if I give water to them, too?’ The Messenger of God said, ‘Yes...
There is reward for giving water to any being that has lungs.’ I did not ask anything else. I returned to my
tribe. I separated the zakah for my goods and sent it to the Messenger of God (pbuh).”
The Booty and the Captives

 The Prophet pbuh proceeded and reached Jirana.

 The booty and the captives obtained by the mujahids during the fighting were
quite a lot. The number of the women and children held captive was about six
thousand.
 The booty that they obtained consisted of:
 Twenty Four Thousand Camels,
 Forty Thousand Sheep and
 Four Thousand uqiyyas of Silver.
 The Messenger of God did not start to distribute the captives among the
mujahids in case Hawazins came and became Muslims. Meanwhile, he sent a
Companion to Makkah o bring clothes for the captives; he clothed all of them.
 Though the Prophet pbuh waited for more than Ten Nights, Hawazins did
not come; so, he distributed the captives among the Muslims.
 Hawazin Delegates Arrive
 The captives had just been distributed among the mujahids when Hawazin delegates arrived. They said they had become
Muslims and that the people in their land had become Muslims.
 Halima, the foster mother of the Messenger of God belonged to the tribe of Hawazins. It was a tribe that looked after the
Prophet when he was an infant. They mentioned it and asked the Muslims to treat them well; they also demanded their goods
and the captives.
 The Messenger of God said, to them, “I postponed distributing the booty and the captives for a long time in case you came.
However, you came too late. I distributed the captives among the mujahids. It is very difficult for me to return them to you.”
 After this talk, the Prophet offered them to choose one of them: If they wanted, they would prefer to receive their goods or
women and children back.
 Hawazins preferred their women and children.
 Thereupon, the Prophet said, “I am returning the captives that were my share and the shares of Sons of Abdulmuttalib.” Then
he said to them, “After I lead the noon prayer, stand up and say, ‘We want the Messenger of God to intercede with the
Muslims for us and the Muslims to intercede with the Messenger of God for us.’ I will repeat that I have waived my share and I
will ask the Muslims to waive their shares.”
 When the Prophet led the noon prayer, Hawazins stood up as the Prophet had advised them and asked the Messenger of God
and the Muslims to return the captives.
 The Messenger of God declared loudly in the presence of the Muslims that he waived his shares and the shares of Sons of
Abdulmuttalib. When the muhajirs and Ansar heard it, they waived their shares.
 Thus, thanks to the two sentences uttered by the Messenger of God, about six thousand women and children held as captives
were released at once.
 This event is interesting because it shows both the vast compassion and mercy of the Prophet and the Muslims’ absolute
loyalty and obedience.
 Malik b. Awf Becomes a Muslim
 After the Messenger of God returned the women and children to Hawazins, he asked, “What is Malik bin Awf
doing?”
 Hawazin delegates said, “He escaped and took refuge in the Castle of Taif. Now, he is together with the people
of Thaqif.”
 Thereupon, the Prophet pbuh said, “Go and tell him that if he becomes a Muslim and comes here, I
will return him his family and give him one hundred camels.”
 When the Hawazin delegates told him what the Prophet pbuh said, Malik came to the presence of the
Messenger of God and became a Muslim. The Messenger of God surrendered him his goods and his family
as he had promised; he also gave him one hundred camels. Apart from giving him one hundred camels, the
Messenger of God gratified him by appointing him as the Administrator of the Muslims in his tribe.
 Affected by the grant of the Prophet pbuh, who conquered hearts through his nice attitudes, sweet words,
grants and compliments, Malik bin Awf said, “I have neither seen nor heard anyone like Muhammad
(pbuh) so far. When he is asked to grant something, he grants more than he is asked. If you ask
him, he will tell you about the events that will take place tomorrow.”
 Malik b. Awf, who had prepared a great army against the Muslims about a month ago, became a Muslim and
entered the service of Islam
Distribution of the Booty
 After the captives were returned to their owners, the Messenger of God was going to start to distribute the
booty.
 Meanwhile, it was seen that some Bedouins disturbed the Prophet pbuh and pulled his garment by
saying, “O Messenger of God! Distribute the booty of camels and sheep among us.” The
Bedouins went so far that the Prophet pbuh had to lean back to a tree.
 Thereupon, the Messenger of God pbuh said, “Do you think I will not distribute the booty that God granted
among you? By God, if the booty was as much as the number of the trees of Tihaman, I would distribute
them among you without fear and stinginess.” Then, he picked a camel hair and held it between his fingers
and showed it to them. He said, “O people! By God, apart from the one-fifth, there is nothing, not even
something like this camel hair, that I have from the booty. And the one-fifth is spent on you when it is
necessary.” After that, he had the booty items counted and distributed everybody their share.
Grants to the Muallafa al-Qulub
 In the Islamic army in Jirana, there were about two thousand people who had just become Muslims
on the day of the Conquest of Makkah and some notables of Makkah that had not become Muslims yet.
The Prophet used a new method in order to strengthen the belief of the new Muslims and to gain over
the hearts of people who had not become Muslims yet.
 As it is known, the Prophet had the right to use one-fifth of the bounty. He could spend this one-fifth
for necessary things and people.
 Due to the purpose mentioned above, he gave abundantly from the one-fifth to the new Muslims and the
notables of the Quraysh in order to soften their hearts.
 He gave Abu Sufyan, the leader of the Qurayshis, his sons Yazid and Muawiya one hundred camels
each and forty uqiyyas of silver each. Thus, Abu Sufyan and his sons received three hundred camels
and one hundred and twenty uqiyyas of silver totally. Abu Sufyan, who was received such great
generosity and grants said, “May my mother and father be sacrificed for you! You are so generous and
charitable. When we fought against you, you fought so nicely. When we made peace, you made peace so
nicely. May God reward you with good things.” Thus, he expressed the generosity and philanthropy of
the Prophet pbuh.
 Besides, the Messenger of God granted two hundred camels to some of the notables of the Quraysh and
fifty camels to other notables each.
Safwan bin Umayya Becomes a Muslim
 Safwan bin Umayya was one of the people who opposed and acted against the Prophet and Muslims
severely. He was one of the people that had been ordered to be killed wherever they were seen on the day of
the conquest of Makkah. However, when he took refuge and asked for a period of two months to become a
Muslim. The Prophet pbuh gave him four months.
 He also joined the Islamic army in the battle of Hunain.
 While the Messenger of God was checking the booty in Jirana, he spotted Safwan, who had not become a
Muslim yet. He was staring at the valley full of camels and sheep.
 The blessed eyes of the Messenger of God noticed this careful look and senses what he was thinking about.
He said, “Abu Wahb! Did you like the valley a lot?”
 Safwan said, “Yes...”
 Thereupon, the Prophet pbuh said, “Then, the valley belongs to you with all the things in it.”
 Safwan was astonished; he could not believe his ears. After waiting for a while in astonishment due to the
grants and generosity of the Prophet pbuh, who never said no to the requests of people, Safwan said, “The
heart of nobody except a prophet pbuh can be so pure, good and generous.” He stated that his heart had
been conquered.
 Safwan was affected by the attraction of the light of Islam and the sun of the prophethood. He uttered kalima
ash-shahada there and became a Muslim.
 “The Messenger of God was the person that I hated the most among the people until he granted me the
valley. However, after his grant, he became the most beloved person for me.”
The Objection of the Companions

 Some Muslims who did not know the reason behind this act of the Prophet pbuh that aimed to affect the
spirits of the people who had not become Muslims yet or who had just become Muslims felt disturbed by this
act. They thought those people were preferred over them and that they were regarded superior. However, the
Messenger of God did not do so with such thoughts.
 As a matter of fact, when he was granting the people whose hearts he wanted to gain over (muallafa al-
qulub), Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas r.a, one of the Companions, went to his presence and said, “O Messenger of
God! You gave people like Uyayna bin Hisn one hundred camels each instead of people like Juayl bin
Suraka.”
 The Messenger of God realized the reason of the opposition very well. Juayl was really poor in terms of money
and goods but he was very rich in terms of belief. The Messenger of God knew that it was the reason of
opposition; so, he answered Sa’d as follows:
 “By God, if the earth was full of people like Uyayna and Aqra, Juayl would be better and more virtuous than
them. However, I am giving them abundantly to make them like Islam and belief. I refer Juayl to his Islam and
the rewards prepared for him in the hereafter.”
Some People from Ansar Talk Critically
 What distressed the Prophet was what he heard from some Madinah Muslims. In fact, the Prophet had
expressed his loyalty and love about them as follows: “My life is together with your life; my death is together
with your life.”
 The Messenger of God was granting abundantly to the people who had been fierce enemies of Islam and the
Muslims until yesterday, who had not made a sacrifice for the religion and who had not undergone any
troubles for the religion. That was what made the Companions think about it. They felt distressed by the act of
the Prophet because they had not realized the real wisdom behind the act of the Prophet and they showed
their distress by their attitudes. Some of them even uttered unpleasant words.
 Sa’d bin Ubada r.a told the Prophet pbuh about the distress and discontent of some Ansar.
Thereupon, the Prophet pbuh summoned Ansar and addressed them as follows: “O Ansar! I heard that you
uttered some words that you should not have uttered. You said this and that.”
 Upon the words of the Prophet, some Ansar apologized; they said, “O Messenger of God! We did not say so;
some of our young people spoke like that.”
 Despite their apology, the Messenger of God continued speaking: “O Ansar! Did I not come to you when you
were in the wrong path? Did God not grant you guidance through me? Did God not make you rich when you
were poor through me? You were enemies of one another. Did God not soften your hearts and unite you?”
 Ansar said, “Yes, O Messenger of God! You found us in darkness; we attained light thanks to you. You found
us near a hole of fire; we got rid of it thanks to you. You found us in aberration; we attained the true path
thanks to you. We accepted God as Lord, Islam as the religion and Muhammad (pbuh) as the Prophet. The
rights and bounties of God and His Messenger on us are superior to everything. We are grateful to God and
His Messenger. O Messenger of God! Do whatever you wish.”
 Despite this, the Messenger of God continued speaking. He did not want any anxiety or resentment to remain in the
hearts. He added,
 “O Ansar! If you had wished, you could have said this and it would have been true: ‘You came to us when you were
rejected by others and we confirmed you. You came to us when you were left alone and we helped you. You had been
deported but we looked after you like our souls.’ Yes, if you had said so, I would have confirmed you.”
 After this conversation, the Messenger of God expressed what he meant to say through the following laconic
sentences:
 “O Ansar! Do you not want to return to your land with the Messenger of God while some people leave with the
goods, camels and sheep that they have obtained?”
 The Muslims of Madinah answered this question by shouting, “Yes, O Messenger of God! We do.”
 Upon this answer, the Prophet ended his speech, which changed the situation altogether, as follows:
 “I swear by God, in whose hand of power is the existence of Muhammad that, if it were not for the virtue of the
Migration, I would want to be a member of Ansar!
 O God! Show mercy on Ansar, their children and the children of their children!”
 Upon these sincere and loving words of the Messenger of God, the Muslims of Madinah sarted to cry sobbingly; their
beards got wet due to the tears coming down.
 They made their final decision. They said, “We consent to the Messenger of God as our share of the booty even if we
do not receive anything else.”
 A unique share of the booty!
 God Almighty granted His beloved Messenger such unexceptional persuasive ability. On the one hand, he affected
the spirits of his fierce enemies and attracted them to Islam through his words; on the other hand, he eliminated all
of the resentment of his friends through one speech.
From Jirana to Makkah
 There were twelve days left for the month of Dhulqada to end.
 When the Messenger of God was in Jirana, he performed prayers in the mosque
there; he went to the mosque again, performed prayers, prayed and entered ihram
for umra. Then, he left Jirana and entered Makkah at night with his Companions.
The Prophet uttered talbiya during the journey; when he saw the Kaaba, he
stopped uttering talbiya. In the morning, he circumambulated the Kaaba with
his Companions. Then, he performed sa’y between Safa and Marwa. After the
seventh sa’y, he cut his hair near Marwa.
 The Prophet did not sacrifice an animal during this umra.
Returning to Madinah
 The Messenger of God wanted to return to Madinah.
 He appointed Attab bin Asid as the Governor Of Makkah again. He ordered
Muadh bin Jabal r.a to stay there so that he will tell people about Islam and
teach the Quran.
 Then, he set off from Makkah. He reached Madinah a few days before the end of
the month of Dhulqada.
 The Muslims under the leadership of Prophet Muhammad pbuh besieged the
city of Ta'if after their victory in the battles of Hunayn and Autas.
 One of the chieftains of Ta'if, Urwah ibn Mas'ud, was absent
in Yemen during that siege.
 The city did not succumb to the siege.
 In this battle prophet Muhammad pbuh brought trebuchets
(Manjneeq) and testudos (Large Shields) to use against the fortress, but
was unable to penetrate it with these weapons.
 Abu Sufyan
(Sakhar bin Harb bin Umayyah)

 Abu Sufyan ibn Harb participated and led Quraysh in this battle.
 It was his First battle after becoming a Muslim.

 He lost his first eye in the Siege of Ta'if. After which he told
prophet Muhammad pbuh of his loss for God to which prophet
Muhammad pbuh said “Which would you prefer: An eye in
heaven or shall I pray to Allah that he brings it back?” To
this Abu Sufyan said he would rather have his eye in heaven.

 Abu Sufyan lost his other eye in the Battle of Yarmouk.

 Tufayl ibn Amr
 Al-Tufayl ibn Amr al-Dawsi was the chief of the Banu Daws tribe from Tihama.

ACCEPTANCE OF ISLAM:
 When he traveled to Makkah for Hajj, as usual, he was warned by Makkans not to
approach or listen to Muhammad pbuh. They told him Muhammad pbuh is a magician.
 Tufail was so worried that he put cotton wools in his ears in order to avoid hearing
Muhammad pbuh. Tufail was doing tawaf when he saw Muhammad pbuh reciting a part
of Quran. Tufail was curious and thought that he is the head of his tribe, a smart man and
therefore how a magician will take over him so he removed the cotton wools and came close
to Muhammad pbuh and listened to the Quran.
 He find nothing of the sort that the Makkaans had warned him against and therefore embraced
Islam.
 He accepted Islam about 4 years before the hijra and helped spread Islam among his fellow
tribesmen. During the Ridda wars, he led a contingent of his people against the
impostor Musailima. In the Battle of Yamama, Tufayl ibn Amr fell as a martyr.
 Urwah ibn Mas'ud al Thaqafi
Origin and  Banu Thaqif
Position  Chieftain of Taif
Family  His wife was Amina bint Abi Sufyan bin Harb
 Her sister Barza bint Mas'ud married Safwan ibn Umayyah bin Khalf.
 His son Dawud married his maternal cousin, Habibah bint Ubayd Allah (daughter of
Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh and Ramlah bint Abi-Sufyan).
He was one of the notables of Arabia who entered the negotiations regarding the peace of
Hudaybiyah on behalf of Quraysh. He said, "I have visited the kings of Persia, Rome
Hudaibya and Abyssinia, but I have not seen any leader more revered and respected by his people
(6th Hijra) than Muhammad. If he ordered them to do anything, they do it without delay. If he
performs Ablution they all seek the remainder of the water he used. They never look at him
in the eyes, out of respect”
Islam He was one of the first people from his tribe to accept Islam.
Appearanc In a hadith reported in Sahih Muslim, Prophet Muhammad pbuh mentioned that Isa a.s
e resembled ibn Mas'ud closest in appearance. By that description, the appearance of Isa
a.s would indicate reddish complexion, moderate height and curly, flowing hair.
Death After Urwa became Muslim, he returned to Ta'if and preached about Islam to his people. But
his people didn't like that he was Muslim and he was killed by his fellow chieftains
 Battle of Autas
Part of the Battle of Hunayn
Date December 630
Location Autas
Result Muslim victory
Belligerents
 Muslims Thaqif
 Quraysh
Commanders and leaders
 Abu Amir Ash'ari (Martyred) Unknown
 Abu Musa Ash'ari
Strength
5,000 Unknown
Casualties and losses
1 Unknown