1.

Maksimumkan Z = 3X1 + 5X2

Berdasarkan pembatas
X1 ≤4
2X2 ≤ 12
3X1 + 2X2 = 18
X1, X2 ≥0

Gunakan metode Big M!

Solusi:

Max Z = 3X1 + 5X2 – MR1

Berdasarkan pembatas
X1 + S1 =4
2X2 + S2 = 12
3X1 + 2X2 + R1 = 18
X1, X2, S1, S2, R1 ≥ 0

Substitusi:

R1 = 18 – 3X1 – 2X2

Z = 3X1 + 5X2 – M(18 – 3X1 – 2X2)

Z = 3X1 + 5X2 – 18M + 3MX1 + 2MX2

Z = (3+3M)X1 + (5+2M)X2 – 18 M

Z - (3+3M)X1 - (5+2M)X2 = – 18 M

Iterasi 0

Basis X1 X2 S1 S2 R1 RHS Rasio

Z -3M-3 -2M-5 0 0 0 -18M
S1 1 0 1 0 0 4 4
S2 0 2 0 1 0 12 ∞
R1 3 2 0 0 1 18 6

Iterasi 1

Basis X1 X2 S1 S2 R1 RHS Rasio

Z 0 -2M-5 3M+3 0 0 -6M+12
X1 1 0 1 0 0 4 ∞
S2 0 2 0 1 0 12 6
R1 0 2 -3 0 1 6 3
 Iterasi 2

Basis X1 X2 S1 S2 R1 RHS Rasio

Z 0 0 -9/2 0 M+5/2 27
X1 1 0 1 0 0 4 4
S2 0 0 3 1 -1 6 2
X2 0 1 -3/2 0 1/2 3 -2

Iterasi 3

Basis X1 X2 S1 S2 R1 RHS
Z 0 0 0 3/2 M+1 36
X1 1 0 0 -1/3 1/3 2
S2 0 0 1 1/3 -1/3 2
X2 0 1 0 ½ 0 6

Kesimpulan:
X1 = 2
X2 = 6
Z =36

2. Minimumkan Z = 3X1 + 5X2

Berdasarkan pembatas
X1 ≤4
2X2 ≤ 12
3X1 + 2X2 = 18
X1, X2 ≥0

Gunakan metode Dua Fase!

Solusi:

Min Z = 3X1 + 5X2 – MR1

Berdasarkan pembatas
X1 + S1 =4
2X2 + S2 = 12
3X1 + 2X2 + R1 = 18
X1, X2, S1, S2, R1 ≥ 0

r = R1 = 18 – 3X1 – 2X2

r + 3X1 + 2X2 = 18
Fase 1

Minimumkan r
Iterasi 0
Basis X1 X2 S1 S2 R1 RHS Rasio
r 3 2 0 0 0 18
S1 1 0 1 0 0 4 4
S2 0 2 0 1 0 12 ∞
R1 3 2 0 0 1 18 6

Iterasi 1
Basis X1 X2 S1 S2 R1 RHS Rasio
r 0 2 -3 0 0 6
S1 1 0 1 0 0 4 ∞
S2 0 2 0 1 0 12 6
R1 0 2 -3 0 1 6 3

Iterasi 2
Basis X1 X2 S1 S2 R1 RHS
r 0 0 0 0 -1 0
S1 1 0 1 0 0 4
S2 0 0 3 1 -1 6
R1 0 1 -3/2 0 1/2 3

Fase 2
X1 + S1 = 4  X1 = 4 – S1
3S1 + S2 = 6
X2 – 3/2S1 = 3  X2 = 3/2S1 + 3

Min Z = 3X1 + 5X2

Z = 3(4 – S1) + 5(3/2S1 + 3)
Z = 12 – 3S1 + 15/2S1 + 15
Z = 9/2S1 + 27
Z – 9/2S1 = 27
S.T
X1 + S1 = 4
3S1 + S2 = 6
X2 – 3/2S1 = 3

Iterasi 0
Basis X1 X2 S1 S2 RHS
Z 0 0 -9/2 0 27
X1 1 0 1 0 4
S2 0 0 3 1 6
X2 0 1 -3/2 0 3
Karena di baris 0 sudah tidak ada lagi yang positif, maka iterasi 0 sudah optimal.
Kesimpulan,
X1 = 4
X2 = 3
Z = 27