Module 3 – Review of Theories Related to the Learners’ Development

Activity 1
Who said what?

__________ 1. "The teacher must orient his work A. Sigmund Freud

not on yesterday’s development in
the child but on tomorrow’s.”
__________ 2. “Healthy children will not fear life B. Urie Bronfenbrenne
their elders have integrity enough
not to fear death.”
__________ 3. “Right action tends to be defined in C. Jean Piaget
terms of general individual rights and
standards that have been critically
examined and agreed upon by the
whole society.”
__________ 4. “The principal goal of education in D. Lev Vygotsky
the schools should be creating men
and women who are capable of
doing new things, not simply
repeating what other generations
have done.”
__________ 5. “The mind is like an iceberg, it floats E. Lawrence Kohlberg
with one-seventh of its bilk above
water.”
__________ 6. “We as nation need to be reeducated F. Erik Erikson
about the necessary and sufficient
conditions for making human beings
human. We need to be reeducated
not as parents-but as workers, neighbors,
and friends; and as member of the G. Robert Havighurst
organizations, committees, boards-
and, especially the informal networks
that control our social institutions and
thereby determine the conditions of
life for our families and their children.”

‘
ACTIVITY NO. 2 What type of learner are you? What’s your style? Answer the Learning Style
Inventory Below, and find out!
1. If I have to learn how to do something, I learn best when I :

(V) Watch someone show me how.

(A) Hear someone tell me how.
(K) Try do it myself.

2. When I read, I often find that I:

(V) Visualize what I am reading in my mind’s eye.
(A) Read out aloud or hear the words inside my head.
(K) Fidget and try to “feel” the content.

3. When asked to give directions, 1:

(V) See the actual places in my mind as I say them or prefer to draw them.
(A) Have no difficulty in giving them verbally.
(K) Have to point or move my body as I give them.

4. If I am unsure how to spell a word, I:

(V) Write it in order to determine if it looks right.
(A) Spell it out loud in order to determine if it sounds right.
(K) Write it in order to determine if it feels right.

5. When I write, I:
(V) Am concerned how neat and well-spaced my letters and words appear.
(A) Often say the letters and words to myself.
(K) Push hard on my pen or pencil and can feel the flow of the words or letters as I form them.

6. If I had to remember a list of items, I would remember it best if I:

(V) Wrote them down.
(A) Said them over and over to myself.
(K) Moved around and used my fingers to name each item.

7. I prefer teachers who:

(V) Use the board or overhead projector while they lecture.
(A) Talk with a lot of expressions.
(K) Use hands-on activities.

8. When trying to concentrate, I have a difficult time when:

(V) There is a lot of clutter or movement in the room.
(A) There is a lot of noise in the room.
(K) I have to sit still for any length of time.

9. When solving a problem, I:

(V) Write or draw diagrams to see it.
(A) Talk myself through it.
(K) Use my entire body or move objects to help me think.
10. When given written instructions on how to build something, I:
(V) Read them silently and try to visualize how the parts will fit together.
(A) Read them out loud and talk to myself as I put the parts together.
(K) Try to put the parts together first and read later.

11. To keep occupied while waiting, I:

(V) Look around, stare, or read.
(A) Talk or listen to others.
(K) Walk around, manipulate things with my hands, or move/shake my feet as I sit.

12. If I had to verbally describe something to another person, I would:

(V) Be brief because I do not like to talk at length.
(A) Go into great detail because I like to talk.
(K) Gesture and move around while talking.

13. If someone were verbally describing something to me, I would:

(V) Try to visualize what she was saying.
(A) Enjoy listening but want to interrupt and talk myself.
(K) Become bored if her description gets too long and detailed.

14. When trying to recall names, I remember:

(V) Faces but forget names.
(A) Names but forget faces.
(K) The situation that I met the person other than the person’s name or face.

Scoring Instructions: Add the number of responses for each letter and enter the total below. The area with
the highest number of responses is your primary mode of learning.

Visual V=___6__
Auditory A=__6___
Kinesthetic K=__2___
Analysis
Challenges your stock knowledge! After answering the short exercise above,
write what you remember most about the ideas of the following theorists. Focus on what
you think are their most important ideas about the development of learners.

Sigmund Freud ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Erik Erikson___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Jean Piaget ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Lawrence
Kohlberg _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Lev Vygotsky _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Urie Bronfenbrenner ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Application
Describe what parents and teachers should do to help children develop into the
persons that they are meant to be the point of view of:

1. Freud _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Erikson ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. Piaget ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4. Kolhberg __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5. Vysgotsky _________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
6. Bronfenbrenner _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 Module 4
Individual Differences

Exercise/Drill -4

5-minutes non-stop writing

Your 5-minute non-stop writing begins NOW!
What will you say about individual differences
 ACTIVITY NO. 3 Direction: Write LB if the statement belongs to Successive
Hemispheric Style while RB if it is Simultaneous Hemispheric Style.

_________1. It prefers sound/music background when studying.

_________2. Process information in varied order.
_________3. More on verbal, focusing on words, symbols and numbers.
_________4. Prefers formal study Design.
_________5. Process Ideas sequentially or step by step.
_________6. Uses feelings and emotions.
_________7. Trouble prioritizing, so often late, impulsive.
_________8. Reliance on Images in thinking and remembering.
_________9. Responds to demonstrated, Illustrated, or symbolic instructions.
_________10. Reliance on language in thinking and remembering.

ACTIVITY NO.4 Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It refers to persons who are different in some way from the “normal” or
“average”.
a. Learners b. Gifted c. Exceptional learners d. Disabled
2. It is a measurable impairment or limitation that “interferes with a person’s
ability”.
a. Disability b. Handicap c. Sensory impairment d. Visual Impairment
3. It is a disadvantage that occurs as a result of a disability or impairment.
a. Visual Impairment b. Handicap c. Sensory impairment d. Disability
4. The degree of disadvantage (or the extent of the handicap) is often
independent on the adjustment made by both the person and his environment.
a. True b. False
5. This refers to the presence of two or more different types of disability, at times
at a profound level.
a. Learning Disabilities b. Autism
c. Physical and health impairments d. Severe and Multiple Disabilities

6. This involves the presence of emotional states like depression and aggression
over a considerable amount of time.
a. ADHD b. Mental Retardation
c. Emotional/Conduct Disorder d. Learning Disabilities

7. This involves a significantly high level of cognitive development.

a. Giftedness b. Autism c. Learning Disabilities d. Exceptional learners

8. This language trend involves putting the person first, not the disability.
a. Speech and Communication Disorders
b. First-People Language
c . People-First Language
d. Learning Disabilities

9. There is difficulty in spoken language.

a. Speech and Communication Disorders
b. Hearing Impairments
c. Physical and health impairments
d. People-First Language
10. The following are the other suggestions for referring to those with disabilities,
EXCEPT.
a. Avoiding generic labels
b. Learning Disabilities
c. Emphasizing abilities, not limitations
d. Avoiding euphemisms
 MODULE 7
Activity
Normative Questions:
1. Describe behaviorism in a few words.
Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with
the environment.
2. Operant conditioning and classical conditioning have differences.
The main difference between classical and operant conditioning is the way the behavior
is conditioned. In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned
response. In operant conditioning, a desired behavior is paired with a consequence.
3. Punishment and reinforcement have different purposes.
Reinforcement means increasing a behavior, while punishment means decreasing a
behavior. Punishment can be positive or negative, and reinforcement can be positive or
negative.
4. Give at least one (1) definition for each of the following words:
 Behaviorism
Behaviorism is a learning theory that holds that all behaviors are learned through
conditioning, and that conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment.

 Conditioning
A simple type of learning in which an association between a stimulus and a response is
formed, strengthened, or weakened.

 Behaviorist
A behaviorist is a follower of behavioral economics and finance theories that hold that
market participants such as investors do not act rationally or in their own best interests.
5. What function does the teacher play in behaviorism theory, in your opinion?
 MODULE 8
Lesson 3.2 : Activity
________1. Who proposed the a. Social Leaning Theory
Social Leaning theory?
b. Intervening Variables
________2. It is a school of thought
that possess. The study of learning and c. Social Learning
a focus of objective observational
methods form the the key to scientific d. Neo behaviorism
psychology. e. Learn Location
________3. What are the two
theories of neo behaviorism? f. Latent learning
________4. One of Tolman's key g. Purposive behaviorism and Social learning
concept. Theory
________5. Cognitive maps in rats-
in Tolman's most famous experiments h. Albert Bandura
also called? i. Edward Tolman
________6. Is a kind of learning that
remains or stays with the individual j. Learning is always purposive and goal
until needed. directed. Serve as determinants of behaviour.
________7. Who proposed the
Purposive Behaviorism?
________8. Can be considered a
bridge a transition between. Behaviorist
learning theories and cognitive theories.
________9. Is variable that are not
reality seen but
________10. Focuses on the learning
that occurs within a social context.
 Module 8
Lesson 3.3 – Activity
In your own words, how important that we need to study about cognitive perspective?
Why we need to understand about cognitive perspective? Please answer minimum of 100 words
and provide 1 situational example.
 MODULE 9
Activity
I. Objective:
Name the different Gestalt Principles in Gestalt Psychology
II. Materials:
Paper and Pen
III. Procedure:
Guess what the Gestalt Principle should be by looking at the images below.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3. 6.
7. 9.

8. 10.
 MODULE 10
Activity

Activity: Loop-a-word
Directions: In the word search puzzle below are different words that is associated with our
lesson. They are written horizontally, vertically and diagonally. Find those 10 words and encircle
it.
L O M I N F O R M A T I O N O Y
U O A N A K U P O M A R I T E S
N I N O M A N Y N A W A Y S F
G N G G A P A R D N A R A A O E
N D R B T R P O A G O E B B R Z
I I E A A E E M T M L M I W G Y
K N P L G S R E E U I E N A E L
N A E I A A A M A T T M U S T A
U L T G Y D R Y M A K B L N I N
H O I Y S E O R O E A E A A N A
C V T A T L N O K G M R D M G L
A E I R A I K S R N G O G A A A
R A O U B M A N A I T N R N H G
R H N B A A M E L N E I O Y I N
S A T Y Y R U S E E N A B M B A
S Y A L A S R A E H E R A N I T
 Module 11
Activity

Look for a student between the ages of 10 to 15 in your area. Then, using the following guide,
conduct an observation.
1. Check their attitudes or behaviors.
2. Observe how they think.
3. Observe how they talk or communicate to their Then, based on your observations, make
a conclusive statement. You can involve more than one student to strengthen your
conclusion.
 Module 12

Activity

1. Explain the role of constructivism in facilitating learning.

2. Describe strategies to promote knowledge construction.
3. Describe strategies to facilitate concept learning.
 Module 13
Activity
1. In your own words, explain how transfer of learning occurs.
2. Identify the factors that affect transfer of learning.
3. Apply principles of transfer in facilitating transfer of learning.
 Module 14

Activity

1. Explain in your own words the Torrance’s 4 Criteria of Creativity

2. Do creative problem solving by applying Van Gaundy’s ‘6x2 stages’ form or Brandsford’s
IDEAL Model.