mathematics- Week 9:

Measures
OF RELATIVE POSITION By: group 1
 Group 1 - mathematics

MEMBERS:(Topics)
Topic 1: Quartiles Topic 2: Deciles Topic 3: Percentiles Topic 4: Interquartile Range
Janus Lipata Beros Joanah Mae Flores Valeza Danne Paula Marie Caliboso Harien Arceo
Marc Joshua Lalas Mary Ann Babatuan Anna Agustin Kyanie Gabawa
Gian Cenon Mjay Itulid Culata Lee John Cedie Reguiere
Ady Belmonte Joshua Polintang Ivan Fabroa Jonathan Echapare Pentero
Popoy Jose Fernando Salvador Johnmichael Rosales

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 table of
CONTENTS
A measure of position determines the position of a single value in relation to other values in a
sample or a population data set. Unlike the mean and the standard deviation, descriptive
measures based on quantiles are not sensitive to the influence of a few extreme observations.

Quartiles percentiles

deciles Interquartile Range

mathematics- Week 9: Page 03 of 15

Week 9: Topic 1- quartiles

introducing...
QUARTILES definition

In statistics, a quartile is a type of quantile that divides the number of data points into four parts, or
quarters, of more-or-less equal size. The data must be ordered from smallest to largest to compute
quartiles; as such, quartiles are a form of order statistic.
The first quartile (Q1) is defined as the middle number between the smallest number (minimum) and the
median of the data set. It is also known as the lower or 25th empirical quartile, as 25% of the data is below
this point.
The second quartile (Q2) is the median of a data set; thus 50% of the data lies below this point.
The third quartile (Q3) is the middle value between the median and the highest value (maximum) of the
data set. It is known as the upper or 75th empirical quartile, as 75% of the data lies below this point.
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 Page 05 of 15
Week 9: Topic 1- quartiles

QUARTILES
example...
Data Set: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21
Q Q2 Q3
1
We have a data sets which contains 11 data points.
Lower Quartile (Q1) = (N+1) * 1 / 4
Lower Quartile (Q1) = (11+1) * 1/4 Upper Quartile (Q3)= (N+1) * 3 / 4
Lower Quartile (Q1) = 12 / 4 = 3rd data point Upper Quartile (Q3)= (11+1) * 3/4
So the Lower Quartile is (Q1) = 5 Upper Quartile (Q3)= 36 / 4 = 9th data point
So the Upper Quartile is (Q3)= 17
Middle Quartile (Q2) = (N+1) * 2 / 4
Middle Quartile (Q2) = (11+1) * 2/4 Lower Quartile (Q1) = 5
Middle Quartile (Q2) = 24 / 4 = 6th data point Middle Quartile (Q2) = 11
So the Middle Quartile is (Q2) = 11 Upper Quartile (Q3)= 17
 Week 9: Topic 2 - Deciles

introducing...
DECILES definition

In descriptive statistics, a decile is any of the nine values that divide the sorted data into ten equal
parts, so that each part represents 1/10 of the sample or population. A decile is one possible form of a
quantile; others include the quartile and percentile. A decile rank arranges the data in order from
lowest to highest and is done on a scale of one to ten where each successive number corresponds to an
increase of 10 percentage points.
A decile is a quantitative method of splitting up a set of ranked data into 10 equally large subsections.
A decile rank arranges the data in order from lowest to highest and is done on a scale of one to 10
where each successive number corresponds to an increase of 10 percentage points.
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 Week 9: Topic 2- deciles

DECILES
example...
Decile is calculated using the formula given below 6(n+1)
D(6) = 14.4 th data. This lies between 54 and 55.
Di = (N + 1) * i / 10 10
D(6) = 54 + 0.4 * ( 55 -54 ) = 54. 4

9(n+1)
The arranged data is 23, 24, 27, 30, 32, 32, 32, 33, 36, 36, 42, 45, 51, D(9) = 21.6 th data. This lies between 63 and 72.
10
54, 55, 55, 57, 59, 62, 53, 72, 80 D(9) = 63 + 0.6 * ( 72 - 63) = 68.4

D(6) = 54.4 and D(9) = 68.4

We have a data sets which contains 23 data points.
n= 23

Page 07 of 15
 Week 9: Topic 3- Percentiles

introducing...
PERCENTILES definition

In statistics, a k-th percentile (percentile score or centile) is a score below which a given percentage k
of scores in its frequency distribution falls (exclusive definition) or a score at or below which a given
percentage falls (inclusive definition).

For example, the 50th percentile (the median) is the score below which 50% of the scores in the
distribution are found (by the "exclusive" definition), or at or below which 50% of the scores are found
(by the "inclusive" definition). Percentiles are expressed in the same unit of measurement as the input
scores; for example, if the scores refer to human weight, the corresponding percentiles will be
expressed in kilograms or pounds. Page 08 of 15
Week 9: Topic 3- Percentiles

introducing...
PERCENTILES definition

The percentile score and the percentile rank are related terms. The percentile rank of a score is the
percentage of scores in its distribution that are less than it, an exclusive definition, and one that can
be expressed with a single, simple formula. Percentile scores and percentile ranks are often used in
the reporting of test scores from norm-referenced tests, but, as just noted, they are not the same. For
percentile rank, a score is given and a percentage is computed. Percentile ranks are exclusive. If the
percentile rank for a specified score is 90%, then 90% of the scores were lower. In contrast, for
percentiles a percentage is given and a corresponding score is determined, which can be either
exclusive or inclusive. The score for a specified percentage (e.g., 90th) indicates a score below which
(exclusive definition) or at or below which (inclusive definition) other scores in the distribution fall.
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 Week 9: Topic 3 - percentiles
PERCENTILE
PERCENTILES
example... FORMULA : Px =
x (n+1)
100
Px = The value at which x percentage of data lie below that value
n= total number of observations

Find the P50 of the following set of data

Data Sets: 0, 1, 5. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 19

P50 = ( i*(n+1)
100 ) th
P50 = ( 50 * ( 16)
100 ) th

P50 = 8
th

P50 = ( ) P50 = ( )
50* ( 15 + 1 ) th 800 th

100 100
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 PERCENTILE
Week 9: Topic 3 - percentiles

PERCENTILES
example... FORMULA : Px =
x (n+1)
100
Px = The value at which x percentage of data lie below that value
n= total number of observations
Raw Data: 14, 12, 19, 23, 5, 13, 28, 17
Ordered Array: 5, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19, 23, 28
Location of 30th Percentile : i= 30 (8) = 24
100

The Location Index, i, is not a whole number;

i+1= 2.4+1 = 3.4 ; the whole number portion is 3 ; the 30th percentile is at
the 3rd location of the array ; the 30th percentile is 13. Page 11 of 15
Week 9: Topic 4- iNTERquartile RANGE

introducing...
INTERQUARTILE RANGE definition

In descriptive statistics, the interquartile range tells you to spread the middle
half of your distribution. A quartile segment is any distribution that is ordered
from low to high into four special parts. The interquartile range contains the
second and third quartiles or the middle half of your data set.
The interquartile range defines the difference between the third and the first
quartile. Quartiles are the partitioned values that divide the whole series into 4
equal parts. Page 12 of 15
 Page 13 of 15
Week 9: Topic 4- iNTERquartile RANGE

INTERQUARTILE RANGE
example...
 Page 14 of 15
Week 9: Topic 4- iNTERquartile RANGE

INTERQUARTILE RANGE
example...
IQR = Q3 - Q1
1. Set A = {15, 19, 23, 25, 39, 39, 43} IQR = Q3 - Q1
IQR = 39 - 19
Q1 Q2 Q3 IQR = 20
2. Set B = {1, 11, 15, 19, 20, 24, 28, 34, 37, 47, 50, 57}

Q1 Q2 Q3

IQR = Q3 - Q1 29 + 28 52
Q2 = = 26
IQR = 42 - 17 2 2
IQR = 25 15 + 19 34
Q1 = = 17
2 2
37 + 47 84
Q3 = = 42
2 2
Week 9 - Measures of Relative Position Page 15 of 15

Thank You
For listening
Group 1 Week 9 - Measures of Relative Position