Yoga Va Ayurveda Shashtron Mein Aahar Vishayak Vichaar - Kavikulguru Kalidas

vf[kyHkkjrh;&izkP;fo|klEesyu
'kro"kZegksRloxzUFkekyk
;ksx o vk;qosZn 'kkL=ks esa

vkgkj fo"k;d fopkj
ladyu
JhdkUr eqdqUnjko iouhdj
iz/kku laiknd
vkpk;Z Jhfuokl oj[ksMh
dqyxq#
la i knd
vkpk;Z e/kqlwnu isUuk
lapkyd] la'kks/ku izdk'ku foHkkx
dfodqyxq# dkfynkl laLÑr fo'ofo|ky;

jkeVsd] ft- ukxiqj ¼egkjk"Vª½
,oa
CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit University Ramtek Collection
U;w Hkkjrh; cqd dkWjiksjs'ku] fnYyh
’kh"kZd & ;ksx o vk;qosZn 'kkL=ks esa PREFACE
vkgkj fo"k;d fopkj
It is indeed a matter of great pleasure and pride for Kavikulaguru
ys[kd & JhdkUr eqdqUnjko iouhdj Kalidas Sanskrit University, Ramtek to have this rarest oppor-
iz/kku laiknd & vkpk;Z Jhfuokl oj[ksMh tunity of hosting the 50th session of All India Oriental Confer-
ence at Nagpur. This AIOC-50th session at Nagpur will be for-
dqyxq#] d-dk-la-fo-] jkeVsd ever remembered by all as the year 2019 also happens to be the
la i knd & vkpk;Z e/kqlwnu isUuk year of Centenary Celebration of AIOC. The premier objective
lapkyd] la'kks/ku izdk'ku foHkkx with which the great scholars of yester years had contemplated
d-dk-la-fo-] jkeVsde~ and established this national academic event called All India
Oriental Conference has been achieved through these years with
laiknd eaMy & MkW- fnudj ejkBs] d-dk-la-fo-] jkeVsd scores of young scholars contributing significantly to the trea-
MkW- ohuk xk.kq] ukxiqj- sure house of knowledge through their valuable research work.
izdk’ku o"kZ & 2020 The research of yore and of the present should be properly re-
vko`fRr & izFkek corded so as to make it easily available to all lovers of knowl-
edge and wisdom in the years to come. With this objective, we
ewY; & have contemplated to commemorate the 100th year of this grand
vk;-,l-ch-,u- & event of 50th session of AIOC by way of publishing 100 mono-
graphs on different subjects in four languages viz., Sanskrit,
eq[ki`"B & Jh- mes’k ikVhy] d-dk-la-fo-] jkeVsde~
Hindi, Marathi and English. It is no doubt a herculean task but
iz d k’kd & dqylfpo] still worth of it, for the reason that these 100 monographs will
dfodqyxq#&dkfynkl&laLd`r&fo’ofo|ky;%] inspire many young scholars to take upon a fresh study and
iz’kkldh; Hkou] ekSnk ekxZ] jkeVsd- research of the oriental subjects with more vigour and zeal.
,oa The AIOC Centenary Publication Series includes wide variety
of subjects like Literature, Language, Veda, Indian Philosophy,
U;w Hkkjrh; cqd dkWjiksjs'ku
Sanskrit Grammar, Law, Children Literature, Yoga, Astronomy
208] f}rh; ry] izdk'knhi fcfYMax] and Astrology, Ayurveda, Pali, Prakrit, Jain, Buddhism, Edu-
4735@22] valkjh jksM] nfj;k xat] cation, Library Science, Poetics, Aesthetics, and Indology. It
ubZ fnYyh & 110002 also includes reprint of some rare texts of academic importance
Qksu ua- % 23280214] 23280209 which have gone out of print are not easily available. We wish
The KK Sanskrit University does not hold any responsibility regarding the
to mark this centenary celebrations with this series that con-
content, language, originality, Plagiarism or views expressed by the author of nects the glory of the past and aspirations of future. I place on
these centenary publication books. The respective author is solely responsible. record my sincere gratitude to all the authors of these mono-
,l- ds- vkQkWlsV] fnYyh graphs who have kindly contributed to the richness of this
series. Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University
I am confident that the books published in these series will defi- All India Oriental Conference
nitely inspire the lovers of Oriental Learning in general and of 100th Year 50th Session
Sanskrit Language and Literature in particular. 10th-12th January, 2020
On this occasion, we have published a memorable book of all Chief Patron

the speeches of Section-Presidents of all previous sessions of Hon'ble Nitin Gadkari
AIOC. It is indeed a very capacious addition to any collection. Minister of Road, Transport & Highways of India
I with all respect thank two eminent scholars of our times -
Patron
Prof. Gautam Patel, President and Prof. Saroja Bhate, General
Prof. Srinivasa Varakhedi
Secretary, the torch bearers of AIOC who have not only en-
Vice Chancellor, KKSU, Ramtek
couraged us in this venture but also made all efforts to provide
these valuable historical speeches for us. I thank all executive AIOC President
members of AIOC and my colleagues of the varsity for making Prof. Gautam Patel
this event a grand success. Chairman, Sanskrit Seva Samiti, Ahmedabad.
My words fall short in describing the painstaking efforts and AIOC General Secretary
scholarly commitment of my esteemed colleague Prof. Prof. Saroja Bhate
Madhusudan Penna, local secretary of this session in bringing Professor of Sanskrit (Retd.), Pune University, Pune
out this series. AIOC Local Secretary
I also take this opportunity to profusely thank Shri. Subhash Prof. Penna Madhusudan
Jain and Shri Dipak Jain, the proprietors of New Bharatiya Book Dean, KKSU, Ramtek
Corporation, New Delhi for their enthusiastic approach and
timely work with all precision and grace. Additional Local Secretary
Dr. Harekrishna Agasti Dr. Dinakar Marathe
Let us all sanctify ourselves in the eternal flow of wisdom by Dr. Kalapini Agasti Dr. Parag Joshi
reading these books and recommending these to others also! Organising Committee
Prof. C.G. Vijayakumar, Registrar (I/c) & Dean, KKSU, Ramtek
ljLorh Jqfregrh egh;rke~ Prof. Nanda Puri, Dean, KKSU, Ramtek
Prof. Krishnakumar Pandey, Dean, KKSU, Ramtek
Prof. Laita Chandratre, Dean, KKSU, Ramtek
Ramtek Prof. Srinivasa Varakhedi Dr. Ramachandra Joshi, Finance Officer, KKSU, Ramtek
10th January 2020 Vice Chancellor, KKSU Dr. Umesh Shivahare, Controller of Examination, KKSU, Ramtek
Dr. Dipak Kapade, Librarian, KKSU, Ramtek
Dr. Renuka Bokare, PRO, KKSU, Ramtek
Shri. Rajivranjan Mishra, Technical Head, KKSU, Ramtek
Shri. Pravin Kalambe, Security Officer, KKSU, Ramtek
Reception Committee
Prof. Srinivasa Varakhedi, Chairperson Reception Committee & VC, KKSU
Parampujya Govindagiri Swamiji, Rishikesh
Prof. P.T. Chande, Former VC, KKSU
Prof. Uma Vaidya, Former VC, KKSU
Prof. Vijendra Kumar, VC, National Law University, Nagpur
Prof. Rajnish Shukla, VC, National Hindi University, Wardha
Prof. Vinayak Kane, VC, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur
Shri. Krupal Tumane, Member of Parliament
Shri. Girishji Vyas, Member of Legislative Council
Shri. Chandrashekhar Bawankule, Guardian Minister, Nagpur
Prof. Vishram Jamdar, Director, VNIT, Nagpur
Dr. Bhushankumar Upadhyay, Commissioner of Police, Nagpur
Shri. Vijay Phanshikar, Editor, The Hitavada, Nagpur
Shri. Rajkumar Tirpude, Tirpude Group of Insitutions, Nagpur
Shri. Mohabbat Singh, Tuli International, Nagpur.
Shri. Chandragupta Varnekar, Principal Retd., Nagpur
Shri. Suresh Sharma, Baidyanath, Nagpur
Shri. Prabhakar Rao Mundle, Dharampeth Educational Institutions, Nagpur
Executive Committee
Prof. G. U. Thite, Dr. Brijeshkumar Shukla,

Vice President Treasurer
Members
Dr. Rajni Satish Chandra Jha Dr. Mithilesh Kumar
Prof. Shukla Ramakant Prof. Singh Prasoon Dutta
Dr. Behera Ranjit Shri. Mishra Arun Ranjan
Dr. Meena Shukla Dr. Mishra Baidyanath
Dr. Nirmala Kulkarni Dr. Tripathi Rajendra Rasraj
Dr. Roy Gauri Nath Shri. Harshdev Madhav
Dr. Tripathi Uma Rani Dr. Kamdev Jha
Dr. Pushpa Jha Dr. Parinita Deshpande
Dr. Basu Ratna Dr. Jha Udayanath (Ashok)

euksxr
xq:czZãk xq:foZ’.kq% xq:nsZoks egsÜoj %A

xq:lkZ{kkr~ ijczã rLeS Jh xqjos ue% AA
;ksx vkSj vk;qosZn lai.w kZ fo”o dks Hkkjro’kZ dh vueksy
nsu gS A ;ksx”kkL= dk iz;kstu dSoY; ¼eks{k½ izkfIr gSA Hkkjrh;
vkfLrd n”kZuksa esa ^;ksxn”kZu* gh ,d ,slk n”kZu gS tks ekuo
thou ds mRFkku ds fy, ekuo nsg ds O;kogkfjd iz;ksxkRed i{k
ij fo”ks’k cy nsrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd esjk :>ku bl vksj
gqvkA D;ksafd ;ksx ds ewy mn~ns”; dh izkfIr gsrq “kjhj dk LoLFk
gksuk vko”;d gS vkSj LokLF; gsrq vkgkj dh Hkwfedk vR;Ur
egRoiw.kZ gS A egf’kZ pjd ds vuqlkj %&
^^vkgkjlEHkoa oLrq jksxkÜpkgkjlEHkok % **
vFkkZr~ vkgkj tgk¡ ,d vksj LoLFk O;fDr ds LokLF; ls tqM+k gS
ogha nwljh vksj jksxkoLFkk esa Hkh mldh vge~ Hkwfedk gSA
vr% bl fo’k; ij dqN fy[kus dh izsj.kk eu esa txhA
bl ys[ku dk;Z dks iw.kZ djus ds fy, eSa loZizFke esjs lEekuuh;
ekxZn”kZd cgq”kkL=fon~ iwT; xq:o;Z MkW- Jh e/kqlwnu isUuk lj
¼Mhu] Hkkjrh; n”kZu foHkkx] dfodqyxq: dkfynkl laLd`r
fo”ofo|ky;] jkeVsd] ukxiqj½ dk fo”ks’k :i ls lfou; o lân;
vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gw¡A
laLd`r Hkk’kk ds fuLokFkZ izpkj o izlkj esa Lo;a dk thou
lefiZr dj izR;sd ftKklq dk ekxZn”kZu djus ds lkFk mUgsa
izksRlkfgr djus okyh laLd`r {ks= dh oanuh; ekr`”kfDr J)s; MkW-
yhuk jLrksxh egksn;k dk eSa muds lg;ksx ds fy, fo”ks’k :i ls
lân; vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gw¡A bl iqfLrdk gsrq vk;qosZn ls lacfa /kr
fofHkUu xzaFkksa dh miyC/krk o egÙoiw.kZ ekxZn”kZu ds fy, oS|
t;ar nsoiqtkjh] oS|k vuqiek nsoiqtkjh] oS| izlkn ns”kikaMs] oS|k
vpZuk csyxs ¼LoLFko`Ùk foHkkx izeq[k] Jh vk;qosZn egkfo|ky;]
ukxiwj½] b- dk eSa d`rKrkiwoZd lân; vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gw¡A
CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit
2 University Ramtek Collection
laf{kIr “kCn lwph
Øekad “kCn laf{kIrhdj.k

1- v’Vkax ân; lw= v-â-lw-
2- ?ksjaM lafgrk ?ks-la-
3- Pkjd foeku p-fo-
4- Pkjd lafgrk p-la-
5- pjd lw= p-lw-
6- Hkkoizdk”kfu?k.Vq Hkk-iz-fu-
7- lqJqr lafgrk lq-la-
8- lqJqr lw= lq-lw-
9- gB;ksx iznhfidk g-;ks-iz-
10- Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk Jh-xh-

vuqØef.kdk
Ø- izdj.k izdj.k dk uke i`’B Øa-

izkDdFku 6
1 izdj.k 1 vkgkj & ifjHkk’kk] izdkj b- 10
1-1 vkgkjfo"k;d ewyHkwr rF; 11
1-2 vkgkj o lIr/kkrq fufeZfr 17
1-3 ikÄpHkkSfrd] "kM~jl vkgkj o f=nks"k 22
o.kZu
1-4 vkgkj esa tBjkfXu dk egRo 29
2 izdj.k 2 ;kSfxd vkgkj 36
2-1 g-;ks-iz- esa funZsf”kr vkgkj & fogkj 36
fu:i.k
2-2 ?ks-la-esa funsZf”kr vkgkj & fogkj 51
fu:i.k
2-3 Jh-xh-esa of.kZr vkgkj & fogkj 61
fu:i.k
3 izdj.k 3 vk;qosZn esa of.kZr vkgkj dk foospu 68
3-1 vk;qoZsn & iF;kiF; 68
3-2 vkgkj fof/k fo”ks’kk;ru 73
3-3 _rqp;kZ & fnup;kZ b- 81

4 izdj.k 4 foe”kZukRed v/;;u 93
4-1 ;kSfxd vkgkj 93
4-2 vk;qosZnh; iF;kiF; foe”kZ 98
5 izdj.k 5 milagkj 103

6 ifjf”k’V 106
7 lanHkZ xzaFk lwph 113

;ksx vkSj vk;qosZn “kkL=ksa esa vkgkjfo’k;d fopkj
izkDdFku %&
;ksx vkSj vk;qosZn lai.w kZ fo”o dks Hkkjro’kZ dh vueksy nsu gS A
;ksx”kkL= dk iz;kstu dSoY; ¼eks{k½ izkfIr gSA Hkkjrh; vkfLrd
n”kZuksa esa ^;ksxn”kZu* gh ,d ,slk n”kZu gS tks ekuo thou ds
mRFkku ds fy, ekuo nsg ds O;kogkfjd iz;ksxkRed i{k ij fo”ks’k
cy nsrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd “kjhj dks ek/;e cukdj bl n”kZu
esa ;kSfxd izfØ;k,¡&vklu] izk.kk;ke] eqnzk] /;ku bR;kfn ds ek/;e
ls vk/;kfRed miyfC/k ikus dh ckr n”kkZbZ xbZ gSA ;ksx ds ewy
mís”; dh izkfIr gsrq “kjhj dk LoLFk gksuk vko”;d gSA egf’kZ
pjd ds vuqlkj /keZ& vFkZ&dke&eks{k ;s pkjksa iq#’kkFkZ vkjksX;
ij fuHkZj gSA vr% p-lw-
¼1@15½ funsZf”kr djrk gS fd %&
^^/kekZFkZdkeeks{kk.kkekjksX;a ewyeqÙkee~**
vFkkZr~& /keZ dh j{kk] vFkkZtZu] dkeuk iwfrZ rFkk eks{k izkfIr ds
fy, vkjksX; ;k LoLFk gksuk vfuok;Z gS A
osnksa dh izkekf.kdrklEiUu fpfdRlk i)fr ^vk;qosZn* dk iz;kstu
¼p-lw- 30@26½ Hkh LokLFk laj{k.k ij cy nsrk gS %&
^îz;kstua pkL; LoLFkL; LokLF;j{k.ka vkrqjL;
fodkjiz”keua p AA**
vk;qosZn fpfdRlk i)fr dk ewy mís”; ^LoLFk O;fDr dk LokLF;
cuk;s j[kuk ,oa jksxh dks jksx ls foeqDr djuk gS A *
lHkh thfor izkf.k;ksa dks thfor ,oa LoLFk cus jgus ds fy, vkgkj
dh Hkwfedk vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gS A p-la- ¼p-lw- 28@45½ ds vuqlkj
ekuo “kjhj vkSj O;kf/k nksuksa dks vkgkj laHko ekuk x;k gSA egf’kZ
pjd us fu:fir fd;k gS fd%&
^^vkgkjlEHkoa oLrq jksxkÜpkgkjlEHkok % **
vr% vkgkj euq’; dh mRifRr ls ysdj u dsoy mlds LokLF;
ls tqMk gS vfirq jksxkoLFkk esa Hkh mldh Hkwfedk funZsf”kr gksrh
gSA
ekuo “kjhj ,d ;U= ds leku gS] ftlds fofHkUu vax ;kaf=d
dyiqtksZa ds leku lnSo fØ;k”khy jgrs gaSA ;U= ds dyiqtksZa dks
fØ;k”khy cuk;s j[kus ds fy, bZa/ku dh vko”;drk gksrh gS Bhd
mlh izdkj “kjhj dks lqpk# :i ls dk;Z djus ds fy, Hkkstu dh
vko”;drk gksrh gSA “kjhj ds vaxksa ds dk;Z djrs jgus ds dkj.k
“kfDr o ÅtkZ O;; gksrh gS rFkk dks’kk.kq u’V gksrs jgrs gSaA blds
vfrfjDr bl ltho “kjhj esa fofHkUu voLFkkvksa ¼“kS”kokoLFkk]
ckY;koLFkk] ;qokoLFkk] izkS<koLFkk rFkk o`)koLFkk½ ds vuqlkj “kjhj
ds fodkl rFkk {k; dk gksuk ,d lkekU; izfØ;k gSA fpfdRlk
foKku us ;g Li’V dj fn;k gS fd euq’; tks Hkkstu djrk gS
og fl)kUr :i ls mlds LokLF; “kfDr] vkUrfjd cy] rkfU=d
rU=] uSfrdrk rFkk ekufld izfØ;k dks izHkkfor djrk gSA ;g
ekuoizk.kh dh “kkjhfjd lkekU; o`f)] fodkl rFkk LokLF; ds
fy, vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gS A
Hkkjrh; euhf’k;ksa us vkgkj o mlls lacaf/kr fo’k;ksa dk foLr`r
fpUru fd;k gSA gj ckr dk lw{e o ewyxkeh fopkj rFkk nSufa nu
thou ls bu fopkjksa dh lqlw=rk Hkkjrh; vkgkj”kkL= esa fo”ks’k
:i ls n`d~xkspj gksrh gSA thou dk lexz fopkj ;g Hkkjrh;
laLd`fr dh fo”ks’krk gSA Hkkjrh; thou dk ewyk/kkj gS /keZA /kkfeZd
ekU;rkvksa dk Hkkjrh; thou ij izHkko o euq’; LoHkko dks /;ku
esa j[kdj vkgkjfo’k;d vusd igyqvksa dk lekos”k gekjs iwoZtksa
us “kkL=ksa esa cM+h gh dq”kyrk ls fd;k gSA vkgkj ds eu ij gksus
okys ifj.kkeksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj vkgkj “kqf) o rRlEcfU/kr
fu;eksa dk lokZaxh.k fopkj Hkh Hkkjrh; vkgkjfo’k;d fparu dh
fo”ks’krk gSA vr% Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, vkgkj dsoy mnjHkj.k dh
izfØ;k u gksdj ,d ;KdeZ gSA vkgkj esa iz;qDr O;atuksa dk
v/;;u dj] mldk oxhZdj.k dj] mlds fu;e cukdj “kkL=dkjksa
us yksdksi;ksxh tkudkjh dks “kkL=ksa esa izLrqr djus dk egRoiw.kZ
dk;Z fd;k gSA
;ksx”kkL= esa “kjhj] eu vkSj izk.k dk ;ksxkH;kl dh n`f’V ls
vR;f/kd egRo gSA ge vkgkj ds vUrxZr tks dqN Hkh vUu vkSj
ty vkfn xzg.k djrs gSa mldk bu ?kVdksa ij ifj.kke gksrk gSA
NkUnksX; mifu’kn ¼6@5&1] 2½ budk izfriknu djrs gq, funsZf”kr
djrk gS fd %&
^^vUuef”kra =s/kk fo/kh;rs rL; ;% LFkfo’Bks
/kkrqLrRiqjh’ka Hkofr ;ks e/;eLrUek ¡~la ;ks·f.k’BLrUeu%**
[kk;k gqvk vUu rhu izdkj dk gks tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ tBjkfXu }kjk
ipk;s tkus ij og rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gks tkrk gSA mldk tks
vR;Ur LFkwy Hkkx gksrk gS og ey gks tkrk gS] tks e/;e Hkkx gS
og ekal gks tkrk gS vkSj tks vR;Ur lw{e Hkkx gksrk gS og eu
gks tkrk gSA blh izdkj &
^^vki% ihrkL=s/kk fo/kh;Urs rklka ;% LFkfo’Bks /kkrqLrUew=a
Hkofr ;ks e/;eLrYyksfgra ;ks·f.k’B% l izk.k%**
vFkkZr~ ih;k gqvk ty rhu izdkj dk gks tkrk gSA mldk tks
LFkwyre Hkkx gksrk gS og ew= gks tkrk gS] tks e/;Hkkx gS og
jDr gks tkrk gS vkSj tks Lkw{ere Hkkx gS og izk.k gks tkrk gSA
bl izdkj eu vkSj izk.k dk vkgkj ls laca/k funsZf”kr gksrk gSA
NkUnksX;ksifu’kn~ ds mijksDr dFku ls ;g Li’V gksrk gS fd eu
vUue; gS o izk.k tye; gSA
blh mifu’kn~ ¼7@26@2½ esa ekuk x;k gS fd %&
^^vkgkj“kq)kS lRo“kqf)%**
vFkkZr~ tc vkgkj “kq) jgrk gS rc eu Hkh “kq) jgrk gSA ;g
;ksXkkH;kl dh n`f’V ls vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gS vU;Fkk ;ksx lk/kuk ds
visf{kr ifj.kkeksa dks izkIr djUkk nwHkj gksxk A ,d iqjkuh ykssdksfDr
gS %& ^tSlk [kk, vUu] oSlk cus euA* rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vkgkj
ds lkFk tqM+h gqbZ fo”ks’krk,¡ u dsoy “kjhj dks] oju~ eu dks Hkh
izHkkfor djrh gSa A fparu ds izokg eas gsj Qsj djrh gSa A lHkh
O;fDr;ksa dh viuh viuh fo”ks’krk,¡ gksdj muds xq.k] deZ] LoHkko
,d nwljs ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA “kkjhfjd iks’k.k esa tks izHkko [kk|
inkFkksaZ esa ik, tkus okys jlk;uksa dk gksrk gS] Bhd oSlk gh
mnjLFk djus okys ds eu%laLFkku ij HkkoukRed izHkko mu
O;fDr;ksa dh fo”ks’krkvksa ¼Hkko laons ukvks½a dk iM+rk gS tks vkgkj
ds mRiknu ls ysdj ijkslus dh e/;orhZ yach izfØ;k ds lkFk
fdlh u fdlh :i esa tqMs gksrs gaSA mUgha O;fDr;ksa dh Hkko
laons uk,¡ ¼Hkyh cqjh fo”ks’krk,¡½ ml vkgkj ds lkFk vn`”; :i ls
tqMh jgrh gSa vkSj [kkus okys dks mlh fn”kk esa [khap ys tkrh gSaA
gB;ksx esa ¼g-;ks-iz- 1@12½ izkjEHk esa gh ;ksxkH;kl gsrq mi;qDr
LFkku dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgk x;k gS fd %&
^^lqjkT;s /kkfeZds ns”ks lqfHk{ks fu#inzOks AA**
vFkkZr~ ;ksxkH;klh lk/kd dks fcuk fdlh O;o/kku okys ,sls /kkfeZd
ns”k esa jgus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS tgk¡ fHk{kk ¼ikSf’Vd o lkfRod
vkgkj½ lqyHkrk ls fey ldsA blls ;g Li’V gksrk gS fd ;ksx
esa vkgkj dh fdruh egÙkk gSA
vk;qosZn o ;ksx”kkL= esa Loiz;kstukuqlkj vkgkj dks fo”ks’k egRo
fn;k x;k gSA ;ksx ds fofo/k xzaFkks esa vkgkj b- dks ifjHkkf’kr u
djrs gq, iF;kiF; ds lkFk lkFk fgrdj vkgkj o ferkgkj dk
funsZ”k la{ksi esa fd;k x;k gSA fdUrq vk;qosZn esa vkgkj ls lacaf/kr
fofHkUu ?kVdksa ¼vkgkj ifjHkk’kk] iF;kiF;] fgrdj&vfgrdj
vkgkj] ‘kM~jl vkgkj] _rqp;kZ] b-½ dk foLr`r fooj.k ns[kus dks
feyrk gSA vr% ;ksx xzaFkkas esa laf{kIr :i esa js[kkafdr fd;s x;s
^;kSfxd vkgkj* ds egRo dk foLr`r foospu fd;s tkus dk ;g
,d izkekf.kd iz;kl gSA

izdj.k & 1
vkgkj&ifjHkk’kk] izdkj b-
Hkwfedk %& Hkkjr esa izkphudky ls gh ;ksx vkSj vk;qosZn nksukas

i`Fkd&i`Fkd /kkjk ds :i esa izokfgr gksrs pys vk jgs gSaA nksuksa
gh “kkL=ksa us Hkkjrh; tu&thou ,oa laLd`fr dks i;kZIr :i ls
u dsoy izHkkfor fd;k gS cfYd laof/kZr Hkh fd;k gSA ;ksx”kkL=
us tgk¡ Hkkjrh; tu thou dks vk/;kfRed izfØ;k dh vksj mUeq[k
dj Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dks ,d uohu fpUru /kkjk iznku dh gS ogha
vk;qosZn us Hkkjrh; tuthou dh LokLF; vkSj vkjksX; lEcU/kh
leL;kvksa ds fujkdj.k rFkk jksxkfHkHkwr “kjhj dh fpfdRlk esa
egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fd;k gSA nksuksa “kkL=ksa esa ,d egRoiw.kZ lekurk
gS fd ;ksx ds vuqlkj vk;qoZsn us Hkh lka[; dh ^l`f’V& izfØ;k*
dks viuk;k gSA
lka[; rRoKku ds vO;Dr ¼izd`fr½ ls ysdj iaprUek=k ¼lw{e
egkHkwr½ rd ds Hkkx dks ;|fi vk;qosZn us izek.k ekuk gS rFkkfi
vk;qosZn ewyr% ^xq.kor~ nzO;oknh* gSA vr% iaprUek=k ls mRiUu
iapegkHkwrksa ds vkxs ds foLrkj dks vk;qosZn us vius vk/kkjHkwr
fl)kUr ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA mlds vuqlkj lai.w kZ HkkSfrd
foLrkj iapegkHkwrksa dk gSA vk;qosZn esa loZ= iapegkHkwr fufeZr
f=Ro ¼okr] fiÙk] dQ½ dh dYiuk izeq[krk ls fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
“kjhj o vkS’k/kh budk izFke oxhZdj.k f=Ro ls gksrk FkkA
bls layXu lkj.kh ds ek/;e ls le>k tk ldrk gS %&
;ksx o vk;qosZn lEer lka[; lkj.kh ------- ¼v½
mijksDr lkj.kh ls ;g Li’V gksrk gS dh vkgkj Hkh ikapHkkSfrd

gSA ;ksx o vk;qosZn nksuksa “kkL=ksa esa vkgkj dk mYys[k fd;k x;k
gSA ;ksx xzUFkksa esa bldk o.kZu laf{kIr :i esa ns[kus dks feyrk gS
rFkk vkgkj o mlds izdkj b- dks ifjHkkf’kr ugha fd;k x;k gSA
vk;qosZn esa vkgkj dks ifjHkkf’kr dj lkj.khuqlkj mls ikapHkkSfrd
ekuk x;k gS o f=nks’k b- dk egRo n”kkZ;k x;k gSA
vr% bl v/;k; esa vkgkj ls lacaf/kr dqN ewyHkwr rRoksa ¼vkgkj
dh ifjHkk’kk] izdkj] f=nks’k b-½ dh ppkZ izeq[krk ls dh xbZ gSA
1-1 vkgkj fo’k;d ewyHkwr rF;

ifjHkk’kk %& fHkUu fHkUu izdkj ds [kkus&ihus ds nzO;ksa esa fuxyus
dh fØ;k leku gksus ds dkj.k lcdks vkgkj dgrs gS A vr%
vkgkj dks fuEukuqlkj ifjHkkf’kr fd;k tkrk gS %&
^^vkgk;Zrs xykn/kks uh;rs bR;kgkj%A**-----------------------------¼1½
vFkkZr~ ftl nzO; dk fuxj.k gksrk gS ;kuh ftls fuxyk tkrk gS
og vkgkj dgykrk gS A vr% lEiw.kZ vkgkj esa vkgkjrk ,d gh
izdkj dh gksrh gS A
^^vkgkjRoekgkjL;Sdfo/ke~**-----------------------------¼2½
vkgkj ds Hksn %&
y{k.k ds vuqlkj rFkk nzO;ksa ds vo;oksa ds vuqlkj vkgkj dk
oxhZdj.k fd;k tkrk gS A ;g fuEukuqlkj gS % &
vFkkZHksnkr~( l iquf}Z;ksfu%A
LFkkojt³~xekRedRokr~A
f}fo/kizHkko%] fgrkfgrksndZfo”ks’kkr~A
prqfoZ/kksi;ksx%] ikuk”kuHk{;ysáksi;ksxkr~A
‘k~MkLokn%] jlHksnr% ‘kM~fo/kRokr~ A
foa”kfrxq.k%]xq#y?kq”khrks’.kfLuX/k:{keUnrh{.kfLFkjlje`nqdfBufo”k
nfifPNy”y{.k& [kjlw{eLFkwylkUnznzokuqxekr~A
vifjla[;s;fodYi%] nzO;la;ksxdj.kckgqY;kr~ A----------------------¼3½
vr% vkgkj dks fuEukuqlkj oxhZd`r fd;k tk ldrk gS &

vkgkjHksn cks/kd lkj.kh
Hksn Hksnd dkj.k
1- ,dfo/k 1- ¼vkgk;Z½ vFkZ ds vHksn ls A
2- f};ksfu 2- LFkkoj&t³~xe ls mRiUu gksus ls A
3- f}fo/k izHkko 3- fgr&vfgr ifj.kke ls A
4- prqfoZ/k mi;ksx 4- iku&v”ku&Hk{;&ysá mi;ksx ls A
5- ‘kM~fo/k vkLokn 5- ‘kM~jl Hksn ls A
6- foa”kfrfo/k 6- foa”kfr xq.kHksn ls A
7- vifjla[;s;fo/k 7- la;ksx ,oa laLdkj Hksn ls A
vkgkj ds Hksn
¼1½ vFkZ esa vHksn ¼,drk½ gksus ls vkgkj dk vkgkjRo ,d
izdkj dk gksrk gS ¼xys ds uhps nzO;ksa dk ys tkuk vkgkj dgykrk
gS ( vUu] ty] nw/k] Qy lHkh inkFkksZa dk xys ds uhps vkgj.k
fd;k tkus ls ^vkgj.k* vFkZ ds vHksn ls ftu&ftu inkFkksZa dks
xys ds uhps ys tk;k tkrk gS] og lc vkgkj dgykrk gS½A
¼2½ vkgkj mRifÙk&Hksn ls nks ;ksfu okyk gksrk gS & 1- LFkkoj
vkSj 2- t³~xe gksus ls A
¼3½ vkgkj nks rjg ds izHkkoksa okyk gksrk gS & 1- fgrdj
ifj.kke vkSj
2- vfgrdj ifj.kke gksus lsA
¼4½ vkgkj mi;ksx dh n`f’V ls pkj izdkj dk gksrk gS& 1-
iku ¼ihus ;ksX;½] 2- v”ku ¼nky&Hkkr vkfn½] 3- Hk{;
¼pckdj [kkus ;ksX; dktw] v[kjksV] Hkwus pus vkfn½] 4- ysá
¼pkVus ;ksX;½A
¼5½ vkgkj N% izdkj ds jlksa okyk gksus ls N% rjg dk gksrk
gS] D;ksafd jlksa ds e/kqj&vEy&yo.k&dVq&frä&d’kk;& ;s N%
Hksn gksrs gSA
¼6½ vkgkj ds xq.kksa dh n`f’V ls chl Hksn gksrs gSa] D;ksafd
vkgkjnzO;ksa ds chl xq.k gksrs gSa &1- xq#] 2- y?kq] 3- “khr] 4-
m’.k] 5- fLuX/k] 6- :{k] 7- eUn] 8- rh{.k] 9- fLFkj] 10- lj]
11 e`nq] 12- dfBu] 13- fo”kn] 14- fifPNy] 15- “y{.k] 16-
[kj] 17- lw{e] 18- LFkwy] 19- lkUnz vkSj 20- nzoA
¼7½ nzO;ksa ds la;ksx vkSj laLdkj Hkh vusd izdkj ds gksrs gSa]
blfy, vkgkj Hkh vla[; fodYiksa ¼Hksnksa½ okyk gks tkrk gSA
vkgkj ek=k foe”kZ
“kjhj ds iks’k.k] “kfDr&mRiknu] {kfriwfrZ] dks’kkvksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj
visf{kr m’.kk³~d ¼dSyfj½ dh izkfIr ds fy, vkgkj thouksi;ksxh
miknku gS A euq’; dh “kkjhfjd fLFkfr ;k eu%fLFkfr vkSj mudh
lkfRod] jktl vFkok rkel izd`fr;k¡] lfg’.kqrk ,oa dk;Z{kerk
vkfn mlds vkgkj ds v/khu gS A ;gk¡ mYys[kuh; gS fd “kkdkgkjh
O;fDr dk lEiw.kZ thou LoLFk jg ldrk gS A
vkgkj ds fofHkUu ?kVd “kjhj esa ftruk rkieku mRiUu djrs gS
mldh ek=k dSyjh ls fu/kkZfjr dh tkrh gSA ,d yhVj ty ds
rkieku dks ,d fMxzh ls.VhxzsM igq¡pkus ds fy, ftrus rki dh
vko”;drk gksrh gS] mls dSyjh dgrs gSaA ifjJe dk dk;Z djus
okys dks vf/kd dSyfj ;qä Hkkstu dh vko”;drk gksrh gS vkSj
de Je djus dks de dSyfj okys vkgkj dh vko”;drk gksrh
gSA blh izdkj eksVs vkneh dks d`”k cukus ds fy, de dSyfj
okyk Hkkstu vkSj d`”k O;fDr dks eksVk cukus ds fy, vf/kd dSyjh
okys Hkkstu dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA bldk lEcU/k euq’; dh
Å¡pkbZ] Hkkj] vk;q rFkk fyax ls Hkh gS A
p- la- esa vkgkj dh ek=k dk fu/kkZj.k djrs gq, cryk;k x;k gS
fd %&
Ekk=k”kh L;kr~ A vkgkjek=k iqujfXucykisf{k.khAA -------------¼4½
vkgkj vkSj vfXucy & euq’; dks ek=kiwoZd ¼leqfpr vkSj mi;qDr
ifj.kke ls½ Hkkstu djuk pkfg,A vkgkj dh ek=k ¼miHkksDrk ds½
tBjkfXu ds cy dh vis{kk djrh gSA
vFkkZr~ & leqfpr ek=k esa ftruk vklkuh ls fcuk fdlh minzo
ds ip tk;] mrus gh ifjek.k esa uik&rqyk Hkkstu djuk pkfg,A
1- [kk|] 2- izk”;] 3- pks’; vkSj 4- ysá&bu pkjks izdkjksa esa fdlh
Hkh izdkj dk Hkkstu djuk gks] loZizFke vius fy, ml vkgkj dh
fdruh ek=k ysuh gS \ bldk fu”p; djuk pkfg,A
vkgkjek=k dk y{k.k & ftruk Hkkstu djus ij mnj esa ihM+k u
gks] ncko ;k Hkkjhiu u gks] ân; ij cks> u izrhr gks] ik”oksZa esa
ihM+k u gks] mnj esa vf/kd Hkkj u ekywe gks] bfUnz;k¡ vkSj eu
izlUu jgsa ( mBus] cSBus] pyus] [kM+s gksus ;k lksus esa] “okl&iz”okl
esa vkSj ckrphr djus esa dksbZ d’V u gks] lcsjs dk “kke rd vkSj
“kke dk vkgkj lcsjs rd ip tk; rFkk ftl vkgkj ls “kjhj ds
cy&o.kZ dh o`f) gks] mruh gh ek=k Hkkstu dh mi;qDr ek=k
tkuuh pkfg, A
vkgkj dh ek=k tBjkfXu ds cy ij fuHkZj gS A tc vfXu rh{.k
gksxh rks vkgkj dh ek=k vf/kd gksxh] e/;e gksxh rks e/;e ek=k
vkSj eUn gksus ij vkgkj dh ek=k U;wu gks tkrh gS A fdlh Hkh
O;fDr dh vkgkjek=k lnSo ,d&lh ugha jgrh] D;ksafd _rq&Hksn
ls ;k vk;q&Hksn ls vfXu dHkh c<+ tkrh gSA ¼tSls&gseUr _rq
vkSj ;qokoLFkk½ vkSj dHkh eUn gks tkrh gS ¼tSls&o’kkZ_rq vkSj
o`)koLFkk½A blfy, vfXucy dh fHkUurk ls ,d gh O;fDr dh
vkgkjek=k fHkUu&fHkUu gksrh tkrh gSA izfriq:’k vfXucy
dky&o; vkfn ds Hksn ls fHkUu&fHkUu gksrk gSA
vr% miHkksDrk }kjk fd;k x;k Hkkstu dk ftruk ifjek.k okrkfn
nks’k vkSj jlkfn /kkrqvksa dh lkE;koLFkk esa fcuk fdlh izdkj ds
fodkj dks mRiUu fd;s ;Fkkle; ip tk;] ogh ml miHkksDrk
dh vkgkjek=k tkuuh pkfg, A
;ko)ÓL;k”kuef”kreuqigR; izd`fra ;Fkkdkya tjka xPNfr
rkonL; ek=kizek.ka osfnrO;a Hkofr AA-------¼5½
vkgkjek=k dk fu/kkZj.k & ftrus ifjek.k esa HkksDrk dk [kk;k gqvk
Hkkstu okrkfn izd`fr vFkok “kjhj dh LokHkkfod xfrfof/k esa fdlh
izdkj dh ck/kk u igq¡pkrs gq, ;Fkkle; ip tk;] ogh ml HkksDrk
ds fy, ml vkgkj dh ek=k tkuuh pkfg, A
;gk¡ ^vL;* in dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ftl O;fDr dh vkgkjek=k
dks bl lw= ls ukik&rqyk tk;s] ml ^vkgkjek=k* dks dsoy mlh
O;fDr ds fy, le>uk pkfg,] u fd nwljs dh ( D;ksafd izfr
O;fDr esa vfXucy dh fHkUurk gksrh gSA “kjhj dk cy vkSj vk;q
vkgkj ds v/khu gSA
vkgkj ek=k &
p-la- ¼p-fo- 2@2½ ds vuqlkj Hkkstu djrs le; euq’; dks dqf{k
¼vkek”k;½ ds [kkyh LFkku dks rhu izdkj ls j[kuk pkfg,A ,d
Hkkx dks ewrZ vFkkZr~ Bksl vkgkj nzO;ksa ds fy,] “ks’k nks Hkkxksa esa ls
,d Hkkx dks nzoksa ¼rjy inkFkksZa½ ds fy, rFkk vafre Hkkx dks
okr&fiÙk&dQ ds fy, [kkyh j[kuk pkfg,A vkgkj dh ek=k dk
bl izdkj mi;ksx djus ls fdlh izdkj dk vfgr ugh gksrk gSA
v-â-lw- ¼8@46½ ds vuqlkj Hkkstu djrs le; dqf{k ds nks Hkkx
vUu ls ¼Bksl vkgkj inkFkksZa ls½ ,d Hkkx ty ls ¼rjy inkFkksZa
ls½ Hkjuk pkfg,A pkSFkk Hkkx okrkfndksa ds lapkj ds fy, [kkyh
NksM+ nsuk pkfg,A
;fn okrkfn ds fy, LFkku ugh j[kk tk;sxk rks Hkkstu dk ikpu
Bhd izdkj ls ugh gksxkA
jkf”k ¼ek=k½ dh n`f’V ls vkgkj nks izdkj dk gksrk gS & ¼1½
ek=k;qDr vFkkZr~ mfpr ek=k esa gksuk rFkk ¼2½ mfpr ek=k;qDr
ugha gksukA
vek=koÙoa iquf}Zfo/kekp{krs & ghue~ vf/kda p AA- -¼6½
vkgkj mfpr ek=k esa u gksuk Hkh nks izdkj dk gksrk gS &
¼1½ ghuek=k & mfpr ek=k ls de gksuk rFkk
¼2½ vfrek=k & mfpr ek=k ls vf/kd gksuk A
1½ ghuek=k esa [kk, x, vkgkj ds y{k.k &
p-la- ¼p-fo- 2@6½ ds vuqlkj ghuek=k esa fd;k x;k Hkkstu ¼1½
cy] o.kZ ¼dkfUr½ rFkk iqf’V ¼mip;½ dks {kh.k djrk gS A ¼2½
Hkkstu esa r`fIr ugha gksrhA ¼3½ mnkorZ jksx dk dkj.k gksrk gS A
¼4½ oh;Z dks {kh.k djrk gS A ¼5½ vk;q rFkk Hkkstu ds fy, vfgrdj
gksrk gSA ¼6½ “kjhj] eu] cqf) vkSj bfUnz;ksa dk ?kkrd gSA ¼7½ vkBksa
izdkj ds lkjksa dk uk”kd gS A ¼8½ vy{eh ¼nfjnzrk½ dks mRiUu
djrk gSA rFkk ¼9½ okr jksxkas dk dkj.k gksrk gS A
ghuek=elUrks’ka djksfr p cy{k;e~ AA --------------------¼7½
ghuek=k esa lsou fd, x, Hkkstu ls vlUrks’k ¼vr`fIr½ gksrh gS
rFkk cy dk uk”k gksrk gS A

Hkkstua ghuek=a rq u cyksip;kStls A
losZ’kka okrjksxk.kka gsrqrka p izi|rs AA ----------------------¼8½
ghuek=k esa [kk, x, Hkkstu ls cy] “kjhj dh iqf’V rFkk vkst dk
{k; gksrk gS rFkk okrtfur jksxksa dk og dkj.k gksrk gS A
2½ vfrek=k esa [kk, x, vkgkj ds y{k.k &
vfrek=a iqu% nks’kizdksi.kfePNfUr loZdq”kyk%AA -----------¼9½
ek=k ls vf/kd lsou fd, x, vkgkj dks leLr nks’kksa dk izdksid
ekuk tkrk gSA
vkgkj ikd
vkyL;xkSjokVksilknka”p dq#rs·f/kde~ AA -----------------¼10½
ek=k ls vf/kd lsou fd;k x;k Hkkstu vkyL;] Hkkjhiu]
isV esa xqM+&xqM+ “kCn rFkk volkn mRiUu djrk gS A
vfrek=a iqu% lokZuk”kq nks’kku~ izdksi;sr~ AA -----------------¼11½
vfr ek=k esa fd, x, Hkkstu ls lc nks’k “kh?kz izdqfir gksrs gSa A
vfXucy &
Hkkstu dh ek=k vfXucy dh vis{kk djrh gS A
Hkkstu ek=k ls djuk pkfg, ijUrq vkgkj ek=k ikpdkfXu ds cy
ij fuHkZj gSA ;fn ikpdkfXu fucZy gS rks vkgkj ek=k lkekU; ls
de gksrh gS rFkk ;fn ikpdkfXu cyoku~ gS rks vkgkj ek=k
lkekU; ls vf/kd gksrh gSA “kjhj esa 13 izdkj dh vfXu;k¡ dk;Z
djrh gaS A
5 HkwrkfXu;k¡] 7 /kkRofXu;k¡ rFkk ,d ikpdkfXuA
“kjhj ds cy Hksn ls ikpdkfXu pkj izdkj dh gksrh gSaA
1½ le vfXu 2½ fo’ke vfXu 3½ rh{.k vfXu rFkk 4½ eUn vfXuA
1½ le vfXu & lE;d~ izdkj ls [kk;s gq, Hkkstu dks Bhd izdkj
ls ipk ns og le vfXu gS A bl le; rhuksa nks’k leku gksrs gSaA
“kkjhfjd fØ;k,¡ lE;d~ izdkj ls gks jgh gksrh gSa A bls lqJqr us
^nks’kkufHkiUu* vFkkZr~ lc nks’kksa dh lekurk ds dkj.k le
ikpdkfXu dgk gS rFkk “ks’k rhuksa dks ^fofØ;kekiUu* vFkkZr~
fodkj&;qDr ikpdkfXu dgk gS A
2½ fo’ke vfXu & tks vfXu dHkh&dHkh vkU= dk Bhd izdkj ls
ikpu dj ns rFkk dHkh&dHkh vk/eku ¼vQkjk½] isV esa “kwy]
eykojks/k] vfrlkj] vUu esa Hkkjhiu] vkU= esa xqM+xqM+kgV] dqUFku
vkfn mRiUu djs og fo’ke ikpdkfXu dgykrh gS A ;g okr o`f)
ds dkj.k gksrh gS A
3½ rh{.k vfXu & tks vfXu ek=k ls vf/kd lsou fd, x, vUu
dks Hkh vR;Ur “kh?kzrk ls ipkrh gS] og rh{.k vfXu gksrh gS A
ikpufØ;k ds i”pkr~ xys] rkyq] dks’B esa “kq’drk] nkg] lUrki b-
mRiUu djrh gS A vf/kd c<+ tkus ij ^vR;fXu* dgykrh gS A
;g fiÙk dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k gksrh gS A
4½ eUn vfXu & ;Fkk fof/k fd;s x;s vYi Hkkstu dks tks ugha
ipk lds ftlds dkj.k mnj vkSj flj esa Hkkjhiu] [kkalh] “okl]
âYykl] oeu] vaxksa esa volkn ¼Fkdku½ vkfn fodkj mRiUu gksrs
gSa] og eUnkfXu gS A ;g dQ dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k gksrh gS A
1-2 vkgkj o lIr /kkrq fufeZfr

vkpk;Z pjd us “kjhj ds lEcU/k esa dgk gS fd %&
^vkgkjlEHkoa oLrq* ------------------------¼12½
vFkkZr~ ;g “kjhj vkgkj ls mRiUu gksus okyh oLrq gSA “kjhj esa
vkgkj nzO;ksa ds ikd ds i”pkr~ vkgkj jl dk folj.k gksdj “kjhj
esa p;kip; gksrk gSA p;kip; ds ifj.kkeLo:i lkj va”k ls
“kjhj ds Årdksa ¼tissues½ dh o`f)] {k;iwfrZ rFkk LFkk;h /kkrqvksa
dh mRifÙk gksrh gS vkSj fuLlkj Hkkx ¼ey :i½ “kjhj ls mRlftZr
gks tkrk gSA thou ds fy, ;s “kkjhfjd fØ;k,¡ vko”;d gSaA
budk fu;U=.k f=nks’k }kjk gksrk gSA ;fn ;s fØ;k,¡ izkd`frd :i
ls “kjhj ls lEikfnr gks jgh gSa rks okr] fiÙk rFkk dQ dk dk;Z
/kkj.k djuk ek= gksrk gS A ijUrq tc okr] fiÙk rFkk dQ ds
}kjk “kkjhfjd fØ;kvksa esa fo’kerk mRiUu gks tkrh gS rc fo’kerk
mRiUu djus dh fo”ks’k “kfDr ls lEiUu gksus ds dkj.k bUgsa nks’k
laKk iznku dh xbZ gSA budh nw’k.k fØ;kvksa ls lkrksa /kkrq,¡
izHkkfor gksrh gSaA vr% lkrksa /kkrqvksa dks nw’; dgk tkrk gSA vR;Ur
fod`rkoLFkk esa nks’k ey :i ls “kjhj esa mifLFkr jgrs gSa vr%
bUgsa êy* laKk Hkh nh tk ldrh gSA

“kjhjnw’k.kkíks’kk /kkroks nsg/kkj.kkr~ A
okrfiÙkdQk Ks;k efyuhdj.kkUeyk%AA ----------------¼13½
“kjhj dh leLr fØ;kvksa dk ,d gh mís”; gS vkSj og gS “kjhj
dks LoLFk j[kukA blds fy, bu lc fØ;kvksa esa ijLij rkyesy
jguk vko”;d gSA ;fn fdlh ,d fØ;k esa fod`fr vkrh gS rks
mldk foijhr izHkko vU; “kkjhfjd fØ;kvksa ij Hkh iM+rk gSA
“kjhj dh bu fØ;kvksa dk Bhd izdkj ls lEiUu u gksus dk uke
gh O;kf/k gSA “kkjhfjd fØ;kvksa esa nks’kksa dh izeq[krk dks izdV
djus ds fy, vkpk;ksZa us “kjhj dks ^f=LFkw.k* rhu LrEHkksa ¼okr]
fiÙk] dQ½ ij vk/kkfjr dgk gSA
/kkrqfuekZ.k rFkk iks’k.kdeZ
“kjhj dh mRifÙk vUu ls gqbZ gSA bl ij izFke Hkkx esa fopkj
fd;k tk pqdk gSA ge tks dqN vkgkj :i esa xzg.k djrs gSa]
ikpu ds i”pkr~ og “kjhjksi;ksxh rFkk vuqi;ksxh nks Hkkxkssa esa
foHkkftr gks tkrk gSA vuqi;ksxh va”k iqjh’k rFkk ew= ds :i esa
“kjhj ls fu’dkflr gks tkrk gS vkSj mi;ksxh va”k ftls vUujl
dgrs gSa og “kjhj ds fodkl rFkk iks’k.k vkfn deksZa dk lEiknu
djrk gSA
vUujl esa “kjhj dh /kkrqvksa ds fuekZ.k rFkk iks’k.k ds lEcU/k esa
eq[; :i ls rhu ekU;rk;sa izpfyr gSa &
1½ {khj nf/k U;k; 2½ dsnkjh dqY;k U;k; rFkk 3½ [kysdiksr
U;k; A
U;k; “kkL= esa U;k; dks ifjHkkf’kr fd;s vuqlkj ¼îzek.kSjFkZijh{k.ka
U;k;%*½ izek.kksa }kjk vFkZ dh ijh{kk djuk U;k; gSA
vFkkZr~ U;k; ml ekU;rk dk uke gS ftldh izek.kksa }kjk ijh{kk
dh tk lds A mijksDr rhuksa U;k;ksa dk o.kZu Øe”k% fuEukuqlkj
gS %&
{khj nf/k U;k;
bl er ds vuqlkj ftl izdkj lEiw.kZ nw/k ngh esa ifjofrZr gks
tkrk gS mlh izdkj vUu jl /kkrq es]a jl /kkrq jDr /kkrq esa] jDr
/kkrq ekal /kkrq esa] ekal /kkrq essn /kkrq eas] esn /kkrq vfLFk/kkrq esa]
vfLFk /kkrq eTtk /kkrq esa rFkk eTtk/kkrq “kqØ /kkrq esa lEiw.kZ :is.k
ifjofrZr gks tkrh gSA bl i{k dks {khj nf/k ds mnkgj.k ds }kjk
le>k;k x;k gS ftl izfØ;k esa leLr nw/k ngh esa ifj.kr gks
tkrk gSA vr% bls ^^{khjnf/kU;k;** dgrs gSaA iwoZ/kkrq ls mÙkj /kkrq
ds fuekZ.k dk Øe pyrk gSA iwoZ /kkrq ^jl* ls mÙkj /kkrq ^jDr*
dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS rFkk blh Øe esa “kqØ i;ZUr /kkrq fuekZ.k Øe
pyrk jgrk gS vr% bls ^Øeifj.kke i{k* dgrs gSaA iwoZ /kkrq mÙkj
/kkrq esa lokZReuk ifj.kr gksrh gS blfy, bls ^lokZReifj.kke i{k*
Hkh dgrs gSaA
bl ekU;rk ds vuqlkj ikpu gks tkus ij izR;sd /kkrq ds ifj.kke
gksrs gSa& 1½ izlkn Hkkx rFkk 2½ ey HkkxA izlkn Hkkx LFkwy vkSj
lw{e nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gks tkrk gSA LFkwy izlknka”k ls ml
/kkrq dk fuekZ.k rFkk iks’k.k gksrk gS rFkk Lkw{e izlknka”k ls mi/kkrq
dk fuekZ.k vkSj iks’k.k gksrk gS ,oa blh izlknka”k esa fufgr mÙkj
/kkrq ds l/kehZ va”k ls mÙkj /kkrq dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA ikd fØ;k
ds ifj.kkeLo:i izlkn Hkkx ds vfrfjDr fdV~V ¼ey½ dh mRifÙk
Hkh LokHkkfod :i ls vo”; gksrh gSA vr% ;g Hkh ikd fØ;k dk
vko”;d ifj.kke gSA p- la- esa bl fØ;k dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgk
x;k gS fd &
lIrfHknsZg/kkrkjks /kkroks f}fo/ka iqu% A
;FkkLoefXufHk% ikda ;kfUr fdÍizlknr% AA------------¼14½
nsg ds /kkjd jl vkfn lIr /kkrq viuh&viuh /kkRokfXu;ksa }kjk
nks izdkj ds ikd dks izkIr gksrs gSa A ¼1½ fdÍ rFkk ¼2½ izlkn A
ijLijksilaLrEHkk)krqlkE;ijEijk A -------------------¼15½
izlkn rFkk fdÍ ds ijLij LrEHkd ¼,d nwljs ij vkfJr½ gksus
ls /kkrq {kerk dh ijEijk cuh jgrh gS A
izlkn Hkkx ls /kkrq ,oa mi/kkrq dk fuekZ.k Øe&
jlknzDra rrks ekala ekalkUesnLrrks·fLFk p A
vLFuks eTtk rr% “kqØa “kqØkn~xHkZ% iztk;rs AA----------¼16½
jl ls jDr] jDr ls ekal] ekal ls esn] esn ls vfLFk]
vfLFk ls eTtk] eTtk ls “kqØ rFkk “kqØ ls xHkZ dh mRifÙk gksrh
gS A
jlkRLrU;a fL=;k jDrel`t% d.Mjk% fljk% A
ekalk}lk Rop% ‘kV~ p esnl% Luk;qlEHko%A -------------¼17½
jl /kkrq ls fL=;ksa esa LrU; ¼nw/k½ rFkk vkrZo] jDr] /kkrq ls
d.Mjk;sa rFkk f”kjk;s]a ekal /kkrq ls olk rFkk Ng Ropk;sa vkSj esn
/kkrq ls Luk;q dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA
eyksa dk fuekZ.k Øe &
fdÍeUuL; fo.ew=a jlL; rq dQks·l`t%A
fiÙka ekalL; [keyks ey% LosnLrq esnl%AA
L;kfRdÍa ds”kyksek·LFuks eTt% Lusgksf{kfoV~ Ropke~ A
izlknfdÍs /kkrwuka ikdknsoafo/kPNZr%AA -------------------¼18½
eyksa dk fuekZ.k & vUu dk fdÍ iqjh’k rFkk ew= gS] jl /kkrq dk
fdÍ dQ] jDr /kkrq dk fdÍ fiÙk] ekal /kkrq dk fdÍ [key
¼dku] ukd vkfn fNnzkas ds ey½] esn /kkrq dk fdÍ Losn] vfLFk
/kkrq dk fdÍ ds”k rFkk ykse ¼jkse½] eTtk /kkrq ds fdÍ Ropk ds
Lusgka”k rFkk us= vkSj iqjh’k ds Lusgka”k gSa A
iwoksZ /kkrq% ija dq;kZn~ o`)% {kh.k”p rf}/ke~ AA ----------¼19½
¼mijksDr Øe ls½ iwoZ /kkrq ds c<+us ls mÙkj /kkrq esa Hkh o`f) gksrh
gS rFkk iwoZ /kkrq ds {k; ls mÙkj /kkrq Hkh {kh.k gks tkrh gS A
dsnkjh dqY;k U;k;
ftl izdkj ,d cxhps dks lhapus ds fy, ukfy;k¡ [dqY;k] cukbZ
tkrh gSa vkSj tks dsnkjh [D;kjh] fudV gksrh gSa dqY;k dk ty
ogk¡ igys ig¡qprk gSA blh izdkj v™k jl ls jl /kkrq dk fuekZ.k
gksrk gS rFkk vUu jl gh jDrk”k; esa igq¡p jDr l/kehZ va”k ls
jDr /kkrq dk fuekZ.k] ekalk”k; esa igaqpdj ekal l/kehZ va”k ls
ekal /kkrq dk fuekZ.k] esn ds vk”k; esa esn l/kehZ va”k ls esn /kkrq
dk fuekZ.k] vLF;k”k; esa ig¡qp vfLFk l/kehZ va”k ls vfLFk /kkrq
dk fuekZ.k] eTtk”k; esa ig¡qp eTtk l/kehZ va”k ls eTtk /kkrq dk
fuekZ.k rFkk “kqØk”k; esa ig¡qp “kqØ l/kehZ va”k ls “kqØ /kkrq dk
fuekZ.k djrk gSA
lkjLrq lIrfHkHkZw;ks ;FkkLoa iP;rs·fXufHk% AA -------------------¼20½

bl izdkj lkj Hkkx ¼v™kjl½ lkrksa /kkrqvks dh vfXu;ksa ls
Øekuqlkj ikd gksdj mu /kkrqvksa esa ifj.kr gks tkrk gSA
/kkrqfuekZ.k rFkk iks’k.kØe
dqN vkpk;Z 6 vgksjk= ¼6 fnu½ esa /kkrq ifjorZu dk gksuk iw.kZ
ekurs gSaA vkgkj ds izlkn va”k ls mRi™k /kkrqvksa dk blh izdkj
ls fujUrj pØor~ ifjorZu gksrk jgrk gSA
pjd lafgrk ds Vhdkdkj pØik.kh dk dFku gS fd ^pØ* ds
n`’Vkar ls fl) gksrk gS fd /kkrq ifjorZu dk dksbZ ,d fo”ks’k
dky ugh gksrk gS ;Fkk ftl izdkj ,d cyoku~ O;fDr dwi ls
ty fudkys rks mldh ckag esa vf/kd cy gksus ds dkj.k og pØ
dks “kh?kz&”kh?kz pDdj nsdj “kh?kz ty fudky ysxk vkSj de
cy;qDr O;fDr /khjs&/khjs pØ ?kqek ldsxk vr% nsj esa ty
fudysxkA blh izdkj /kkrq ifjorZu O;fDr fo”ks’k ds vfXucy ij
fuHkZj djrk gSA ;fn vfXucy rh{.k gksxk rks v™kjl ls jlkfn
/kkrqvksa dk fuekZ.k “kh?kz gksxk rFkk vfXucy eUn gksus ij ;g
ifjorZu Hkh nsj ls gksxkA ,d ekl dh vof/k bl izdkj /kkrq
ifjorZu dh vf/kdre lhek gSA
jl /kkrq ds “kqØ esa ifjorZu dk le; vkgkj nzO;ksa ij Hkh fuHkZj
djrk gS A o`’; nzO;ksa esa ;g ifjorZu cgqr “kh?kz gksrk gSA
o`’;knhuka izHkkoLrq iq’.kkfr cyek”kq fgA -------------------¼21½
o`’; nzO;ksa ¼”kqØo/kZd nzO; ;Fkk nw/k vkfn½ dk izHkko “kh?kz gh cy
dk iks’k.k djrk gSA
[kysdiksr U;k;
ftl izdkj [kfygku esa nkuk pqxus ds i”pkr~ diksr ¼dcwrj½
okfil vius ?kj dks tkrs gSa vkSj diksr dk ?kj ftruh vf/kd
nwjh ij gksxk mldks ogk¡ igq¡pus ds fy, mruk gh vf/kd le;
yxsxkA blh izdkj v™kjl ¼[kfygku½ ls /kkrqvksa dk iks’k.k rFkk
fuekZ.k gksrk jgrk gS ijUrq izR;sd /kkrq dk iks’k.k rFkk fuekZ.k dk
ekxZ i`Fkd&i`Fkd gksrk gS] tSls fd izR;sd diksr dk vius ?kj
ykSVus dk ekxZ i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ gksrk gS A tks /kkrq ftruh nwj gksxh
vFkkZr~ ftldk L=ksr ftruk vf/kd yEck gksxk ml rd fuekZ.k

rFkk iks’k.k lkexzh igaq¡pus esa mruk gh vf/kd le; yxsxk rFkk
L=ksr ekxZ Hkh lw{e o lw{erj gksrk pyk tk;sxk A
vr,o v™kjl esa mifLFkr &
jl l/kehZ va”k ij jl/kkRofXu dh fØ;k ls mRi™k izlkn va”k
jl/kkrq rFkk mi/kkrqvksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa iks’k.k vkSj fdÍ va”k ls
dQ dh mRifÙk gksrh gS A
jDr l/kehZ va”k ij jDr/kkRofXu dh fØ;k ls mRi™k izlkn va”k
ls jDr/kkrq rFkk mi/kkrqvksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa iks’k.k vkSj fdÎ va”k
ls fiÙk dh mRifÙk gksrh gS A
ekal l/kehZ va”k ij ekal/kkRofXu dh fØ;k ls mRi™k izlkn va”k
ls ekal /kkrq rFkk mi/kkrqvksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa iks’k.k vkSj fdÍ va”k
ls [keyksa ¼d.kZ] us=] eq[k] ukfldk ds eyksa½ dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA
esn l/kehZ va”k ij esn /kkRofXu dh fØ;k ls mRi™k va”k ls esn
/kkrq rFkk mi/kkrq dh mRifÙk ,oa iks’k.k vkSj fdÍ va”k ls Losn
dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA
vfLFk l/kehZ va”k ij vLF;fXu dh fØ;k ls mRi™k izlkn va”k ls
vfLFk /kkrq dh mRifÙk ,oa iks’k.k vkSj fdÍ va”k ls ds”k] jkse]
u[kksa dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA
eTtk l/kehZ va”k ij eTtk/kkRokfXu dh fØ;k ls mRi™k izlkn
va”k ls eTtk /kkrq dh mRifÙk ,oa iks’k.k vkSj fdÍ va”k ls vf{k]
Rod~] foV~ Lusg dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA
blh izdkj “kqØ l/kehZ va”k ij “kqØ/kkRofXu dh fØ;k ls mRi™k
izlkn va”k ls vfLFk “kqØ/kkrq mRifÙk rFkk iks’k.k gksrk gSA
1-3 ikapHkkSfrd&’kM~jl vkgkj o f=nks’k o.kZu

ftl izdkj ;g HkkSfrd “kjhj iapHkwr fodkj leqnk; ls mRiUu gS
mlh izdkj “kjhj iks’kd vkgkj nzO; Hkh iapHkwr fodkj leqnk; ls
mRiUu gSaA bl izdkj lalkj ds lEiw.kZ nzO; ikapHkkSfrd gSA
loZ nzO;a ikapHkkSfrde~ AA -------------------¼22½
bu nzO;ksa dh mRifÙk esa i`fFkoh mudk vkJ;Hkwr vf/k’Bku gSA
i`fFkoh dk fo”ks’k xq.k xq#Ro gSA vr% leLr nzO;ksa esa xq#Ro vo”;
gksrk gSA ty ikfFkZo v.kqvksa dks ijLij vuqcfU/kr j[krk gS] vfXu
vius vfXudeZ }kjk dkfBU; rFkk :i iznku djrk gS] ok;q muesa
fØ;k mRiUu djrk gS rFkk vkdk”k mu ikfFkZo v.kqvksa ds chp
vodk”k nsus okyk gksrk gSA bl izdkj izR;sd nzO; esa ik¡pksa egkHkwrksa
dk va”k gksrk gSA ijUrq ftl egkHkwr ds va”k dh vf/kdrk gksrh
gS og nzO; mlh oxZ esa ekuk tkrk gSA ;Fkk ikfFkZo] vkI;] rStl]
ok;O; rFkk ukHkl nzO;A
leLr HkkSfrd nzO;ksa dks fuEu of.kZr nks oxksZa esa foHkkftr fd;k
tkrk gS &
1½ dkcZfud [lsfUnz;] tSo] nzO;A
2½ vdkcZfud [fufjUnz;] vtSo] nzO;A
dkcZfud nzO; mUgsa dgrs gSa ftudh mRifÙk fdlh tho vFkok
ouLifr ls gksrh gS ;Fkk e/kq] nw/k] ekal] Qy “kkdkfnA leLr
taxe ,oa vkSn~fHkn~ nzO; blh oxZ ds gSaA
vdkcZfud nzO; mUgsa dgrs gSa ftudh mRifÙk tho vFkok ouLifr
ls ugha gS ;Fkk yksg] Lo.kZ] dSfY”k;e vkfnA leLr ikfFkZo ¼[kfut½
nzO; blh oxZ ds gSaA
dkcZfud rFkk vdkcZfud nzO; Hkh jl ¼Lokn½ Hksn ls 6 izdkj ds
gksrs gSa %&
1½ e/kqj 2½ vEy] 3½ yo.k] 4½ dVq] 5½ frDr rFkk 6½ d’kk; A
lqJqr lafgrk ds vuqlkj ty ls jl dh mRifÙk gksrh gS A
^rLeknkI;ks jl%A* -------------------¼23½
‘kM~ jlksa dh vfHkO;fDr
iapegkHkwrksa ls mRiUu ‘kM~jlksa dh mRifÙk fuEukuqlkj gS %&
lkSE;k% [kYokiks·Urfj{kizHkok% izd`fr”khrk y?O;ÜpkO;DrjlkÜp]
rkLRoUrfj{kkn~Hkz”;ekuk Hkz’VkÜp i´~pegkHkwrxq.klefUork
t³~xeLFkkojk.kka Hkwrkuka ewrhZjfHkizh.k;fUr] rklq ewfrZ’kq
‘kMfHkewPNZfUr jlk%AA -------------------¼24½
vkdk”k ls mRiUu gksus okyk ty lkSE; gksrk gS A og LoHkko ls
“khry] gYdk vkSj vO;Dr jl okyk gksrk gS A ;g ty vkdk”k
ls uhps fxjrk gqvk rFkk fxjdj iapegkHkwrksa ds xq.k ls ;qDr gksdj
taxe vkSj LFkkoj izkf.k;ksa ds “kjhjksa dks rÌr djrk gS A rc
mu&mu ewfrZeku~ “kjhjksa esa N% jl izdV gks tkrs gSa A
jlksa dk ikapHkkSfrd laxBu
rs’kka ‘k..kka jlkuka lksexq.kkfrjsdkUe/kqjks jl%]
i`fFkO;fXuxq.kHkwf;’BRoknEy%] lfyykfXuHkwf;’BRokYyo.k%]
ok¸okfXuHkwf;’BRokRdVqd%] ok¸okdk”kkfrfjDrRokfÙkDr%]
ioui`fFkohO;frjsdkRd’kk; bfr A ,oes’kka jlkuka ‘kV~Roeqiiéa
U;wukfrjsdfo”ks’kkUegkHkwrkuka Hkwrkukfeo LFkkojt³~xekuka
ukuko.kkZd`frfo”ks’kk%] ‘kM~_rqdRokPp dkyL;ksiiéks egkHkwrkuka
U;wukfrjsdfo”ks’k% AA------------¼25½
bu N% jlksa esa e/kqj jl dh mRifÙk lkse xq.k dh vf/kdrk ls
gksrh gSA vEy jl dh mRifÙk i`fFkoh vkSj vfXu Hkwr dh vf/kdrk
ls gksrh gSA yo.k jl dh mRifÙk ty vkSj vfXu Hkwr dh vf/kdrk
ls gksrh gSA dVq jl dh mRifÙk ok;q vkSj vfXu Hkwr dh vf/kdrk
ls gksrh gSA frDr jl dh mRifÙk ok;q vkSj vkdk”k Hkwr dh
vf/kdrk ls gksrh gSA d’kk; jl dh mRifÙk ok;q vkSj i`fFkoh Hkwr
dh vf/kdrk ls gksrh gSA bl izdkj jlksa ds N% foHkkx gksrs gSaA
budh mRifÙk esa iapegkHkwrksa dh U;wurk vkSj vf/kdrk dkj.k gksrh
gSA ftl izdkj LFkkoj vkSj taxe izkf.k;ksa esa iapegkHkwrksa ds xq.kksa
dh U;wurk vkSj iz/kkurk ls xkSj] d`’.k vkfn o.kZ vkSj
vkd`fr&fo”ks’k dh mRifÙk gksrh gS ,oa dky ds N% +_rqvksa okyk
gksus ls egkHkwrksa esa U;wurk vkSj vf/kdrk gksuk leqfpr gh gSA
bls fuEu lkj.khuqlkj le>k tk ldrk gSA
jl Pk-la- ¼lw=- 26@40½

e/kqj i`fFkoh $ ty
vEy i`fFkoh $ vfXu
yo.k Tky $ vfXu
dVq ok;q $ vfXu

frDr ok;q $ vkdk”k
d’kk; ok;q $ i`fFkoh
jlksa ds ikapHkkSfrd laxBu ij nzO;ksa ds xq.kdeZ bR;kfn fuHkZj

djrs gSaA bls layXu lkj.kh ds ek/;e ls le>k tk ldrk gSA
nzO;ksa ds xq.kdeZ b- ls lacaf/kr lkj.kh -------------------- ¼c½
jlksa dk laxBu vkSj mudh xfr;k¡
vfXu vkSj ok;q Hkwrksa ls cus jl izk;% Åij dh vksj xfr djus
okys gksrs gSa] D;ksafd ok;q gydh vkSj xfr”khy gS rFkk vfXu Åij
dh vksj Tokyk ds lkFk tyrh gS ¼blfy, ,sls jl oeudkjd
gksrs gSaA½ blh izdkj ty vkSj i`fFkoh rRoksa ls cus jl uhps dh
vksj xfr”khy gksrs gSa] D;ksafd i`fFkoh Hkkjh gS vkSj ty Hkh uhps dh
vksj cgrk gS ¼blfy, ,sls jl fojspd gksrs gSa½ A tks jl nksuksa
izdkj ds rÙoksa ls curs gSa] os nksuksa izdkj dh fØ;k djrs gSa A
jlksa ds vk/kkj ij nzO;ksa ds xq.k&deZ
p-la- ¼p-lw- 26@42½ ds vuqlkj fofHkUu jlksa ds xq.k&deZ
fuEukuqlkj gaS &
e/kqj jl ds xq.k&deZ& Ngksa jlksa esa e/kqj jl “kjhj ds vuqdwy
gksus ls jl] jDr] ekal] esn] vfLFk] eTtk] vkst vkSj oh;Z dks
c<+krk gSA N% bfUæ;ksa ¼iap KkusfUæ; ,oa eu½ dks izl™k j[krk gSA
nsg esa cy vkSj o.kZ dks mRi™k djrk gSA fiÙk] fo’k vkSj ok;q ds
minzoksa dks “kkUr djrk gSA I;kl dks “kkUr djrk gS A Ropk]
ds”k rFkk d.B ds fy, fgrdj gSA r`fIrnk;d] thounk;d rFkk
“kjhj dks le`) cukus okyk gS A
vEy jl ds xq.k&deZ & vEyjl Hkkstu dks #fpdj cukrk gS]
tBjkfXu dks mÙksftr djrk gS] “kjhj dks c<+krk gS] “kfDr dks
c<+krk gS] eu dks mn~cq) djrk gS] bfUnz;ksa dks iq’V djrk gS] okr
dk vuqykseu djrk gS] ân; dks rÌr djrk gS] eq[k ls ykyklzko
djkrk gS] Hkkstu dks vkxs dh vksj xfr”khy cukrk gS] Hkkstu dks

xhyk djrk gS ,oa ipkrk gS rFkk “kkjhfjd /kkrqvksa dks rÌr djrk
gSA vEyjl y?kq] m’.k rFkk fLuX/k gksrk gSA
yo.k jl ds xq.k&deZ & yo.k jl ikpu] xhyk djus okyk]
nhiu] L=ko djkus okyk] dkVus rFkk phjus okyk] rh{.k] nLrkoj]
tdM+kgV gVkus okyk] dks’B ds eyksa dks uhps dh vksj mrkjus
okyk] LFkku cukus okyk] okrgj] LrC/krk] eyfocU/k] nks’kksa dk
lap;] bUgsa f”kfFky djus okyk rFkk lHkh jlksa dk fojks/kh gS ¼vFkkZr~
fdlh Hkkstu esa ued vf/kd iM+ tkus ij vkSj jlksa dk Kku u
gksdj ued&gh&ued ekywe gksrk gS] blfy, lc jlksa dks nckus
okyk gksrk gS½ vkSj eq[k ls ykykL=ko djkrk gS A dQ dks cgkrk
gS ,oa <hyk djrk gSA lzkrs ksa rFkk eyekxksZa dks “kq) djrk gSA
“kjhj ds lc v“ksa dks dksey cuk nsrk gSA Hkkstu dks :fpdj
cukrk gSA Hkkstu ds vax ds :i esa vkgkj ds lkFk tqVus okyk
vko”;d jl gS D;ksafd yo.k ds fcuk dSlk Hkh Hkkstu gks] og
Qhdk yxrk gSA og vf/kd Hkkjh ugh gS] og fLuX/k vkSj m’.k gSA
dVq jl ds xq.k&deZ & dVqjl ¼pjijk] fepsZ dk jl½ eq[k dks
“kq) djrk gS] vfXu dks iznhIr djrk gS] [kk;s gq, v™k dk “kks’k.k
djrk gS] ukd ls ikuh cgkrk gS] vk¡lw fudkyrk gS] bfUnz;ksa dks
rhoz vkSj tkx`r djrk gSA vyld] “kksFk] ekalo`f)] vfHk’;Un
¼ukfldk ls ikuh cguk½] Lusg] Losn] “kjhj dk xhykiu ¼fDy™krk½
vkfn fodkjksa dks u’V djrk gSA Hkkstu dks #fpdj cukrk gS]
d.Mw dks nwj djrk gS] d`fe;ksa dks u’V djrk gS] ekal dks de
djrk gS] jä ds teko dks rksMrk gS] cU/k ¼LrC/krk½ dks gVkrk
gSA lzkrs kas ds ekxksZa dks [kksy nsrk gS] dQ dks “kkUr djrk gSA
LoHkko ls dVqjl gydk] xje vkSj :{k gksrk gSA
frä jl ds xq.k&deZ & ;|fi fräjl ¼uhe dh dMqvkgV okyk
gksus ls½ [kkus eas #fpdj ugh gksrk] fdUrq Hkkst
s u dh #fp mRi™k
djrk gSA fo’k ds izHkko dks u’V djrk gS] ewPNkZ] nkg] [kqtyh]
dq’B vkSj r`’.kk dk “keu djrk gS] Ropk vkSj ekal dks n`<+ djrk
gS] Toj dk uk”k djrk gS] tBjkfXu dks rhoz djrk gS] Hkkstu dks
ipkrk gS] nqX/k dks “kq) djrk gS] LFkwyrk dks de djrk gS] Dysn
¼xhykiu½] esn] olk] eTtk] ylhdk] iw;] Losn] ew= iqjh’k] fiÙk
vkSj dQ dk “kks’k.k djrk gSA fräjl #{k] “khr vkSj y?kq gksrk
gSA
d’kk; jl ds xq.k&deZ & d’kk;jl la”keu gksrk gS] laxzkgh gksrk
gS] lU/kku djus okyk gSA ihMu ¼oz.k ij yxkus ls iw; dks
fudkyus okyk½ gS] jksi.k ¼?kko Hkjus okyk½ gS] “kks’k.k gS] LrEHkd
gS] dQ] fiÙk vkSj jä dks “kkUr djus okyk gSA “kjhj ds Dysn
dk “kks’k.k djrk gSA d’kk;jl LoHkko ls #{k] “khry vkSj Hkkjh
gSA
mijksDr lHkh jlksa dk vfrlsou gkfudkjd gksrk gSA
‘kM~jlksa dk milagkj & bl izdkj ;s N% jl vyx&vyx vFkok
,d&,d djds ;k feykdj ek=kiwoZd mi;ksx djus ls izkf.kek=
ds fy, midkjd gksrs gaS vkSj blds foijhr vFkkZr~ fcuk ek=k
dk fopkj fd;s vf/kd ek=k esa iz;ksx djus ij gkfudkjd gksrs
gSaA vr% fo}ku~ O;fä dks pkfg, fd “kjhj ds ykHk ds fy, gh
mfpr ek=k esa jlksa dk iz;ksx djsA
f=nks’k &o.kZu
vkgkj&fogkj ds lsou dk f=nks’kksa ¼okr] fiÙk o dQ½ ij gksus
okys ifj.kke fuEukuqlkj gS %&
vk;qosZn ds leLr lafgrk xzUFkksa esa dgk x;k gS fd okr] fiÙk]
dQ bl “kjhj dh mRifÙk esa dkj.k gSa] budh lerk ls gh “kjhj
fujksxh jgrk gS rFkk budh fo’kerk gh jksx gSA
nks’kksa dh ;g fo’kerk rhu izdkj ds y{k.kksa dks ns[kdj vuqeku
}kjk tkuh tkrh gSA [1] “kjhj dh LokHkkfod fØ;kvksa es U;wurk
vk tkukA ,slk nks’kksa ds {k; ds dkj.k gksrk gS A [2] “kjhj dh
LokHkkfod fØ;kvksa esa vkf/kD; gksukA ,slk nks’kksa dh o`f) ds dkj.k
gksrk gS rFkk [3] “kjhj dh LokHkkfod fØ;kvksa ds fo:) fØ;kvksa
dk gksuk ,slk nks’kksa ds izdksi ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
nks’kksa ds {k; rFkk o`f) ds dkj.k
loZnk loZHkkokuka lkekU;a o`f)dkj.ke~ A
ÚgklgsrqfoZ”ks’k”p izo`fÙk:Hk;L; rq AA ---------------------¼26½

loZnk lEiw.kZ Hkkoksa ¼nzO;] xq.k vkSj deZ½ dh o`f) dk dkj.k
lkekU; ¼lekurk½ gS vkSj fo”ks’k ¼fofHkUurk½ Úgkl dk dkj.k gSA
lkekU; rFkk fo”ks’k dh izo`fÙk gh o`f) ,oa Úgkl esa dkj.k gSA
okr] fiÙk] dQ ds xq.kksa okys vkgkj&fogkj ds lsou ls “kjhj esa
rr~ rn~ xq.kksa dh o`f) gksrh gS rFkk foijhr xq.kokys vkgkj fogkj
ds lsou ls rr~ rn~ xq.kksa dk Úgkl gksrk gS ;Fkk &
#{k] “khr] y?kq] py] fo”kn] [kj vkfn xq.k rFkk dVq] frDr ,oa
d’kk; jlksa okys vkgkj ds lsou djus rFkk bu xq.kksa dh o`f)
djus okys fogkj ls “kjhj esa okr dh o`f) gksrh gSA blds foijhr
fLuX/k] m’.k] xq:] fLFkj] fifPNy] “y{.k vkfn xq.k rFkk e/kqj]
vEy yo.k jl&;qDr vkgkj&fogkj ls okr dk {k; gksrk gSA
Lusg] m’.k] rh{.k] nzO;] lj xq.k rFkk vEy] yo.k ,oa dVq jlksa
okys vkgkj & fogkj ds lsou ls fiÙk dh o`f) gksrh gS rFkk buds
foijhr Lusg fojfgr :{k] “khr] eUn] lkUnz vkSj fLFkj xq.k rFkk
e/kqj] frDr vkSj d’kk; jlksa okys vkgkj&fogkj ds lsou ls fiÙk
dk {k; gksrk gSA
xq#] “khr] e`nq] fLuX/k] fLFkj] vkSj fifPNy xq.k rFkk e/kqj] vkEy
,oa yo.k jlksa okys vkgkj&fogkj ds lsou ls dQ dh o`f) rFkk
mlds foijhr y?kq] m’.k] dBksj] #{k] lj vkSj fo”kn xq.k rFkk
dVq] frDr vkSj d’kk; jl okys vkgkj&fogkj ds lsou ls dQ
dk {k; gksrk gSA
jlksa ,oa nks’kksa ds lEcU/k
tc lHkh jlksa dk leqfpr ek=k esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] rc os
“kjhj esa /kkrqlkE; dh fLFkfr LFkkfir dj “kjhj dks Bhd ls
pykrs gSa vkSj tc jlksa dk v;ksx] vfr;ksx ;k feF;k;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS rc os nks’kksa dks izdqfir djus dks m|r gks tkrs gSaAA
nks’kk% iquL=;ks okrfiÙk”ys’ek.k%A
rs izd`frHkwrk% “kjhjksidkjdk HkofUrA
fod`frekiUUkkLrq [kyq ukukfo/kSfoZdkjS% “kjhjeqirki;fUr ------¼27½
nks’kksa ds Hksn vkSj dk;Z & nks’k rhu gksrs gSa vkSj os tc izd`frLFk
¼viuh LokHkkfod fLFkfr esa½ gksrs gSa rc “kjhj ds midkjd gksrs
gSa rFkk fod`r gksus ij “kjhj dks vusd izdkj ds jksxksa ls ihfM+r
dj nsrs gSaAr= nks’kesdSda =;L=;ks jlk tu;fUr]
=;L=;”pksi”ke;fUrA r|Fkk & dVqfräd’kk;k okra tu;fUr]
e/kqjkEyyo.kkLRosua “ke;fUr% dV~oEyyo.kk% fiÙka tu;fUr]
e/kqjfräd’kk;kLRosuPNe;fUr% e/kqjkEyyo.kk% “ys’ek.ka tu;fUr]
dVqfräd’kk;kLRosua “ke;fUrA
jlksa vkSj nks’kksa dk ijLij lk/kE;Z&oS/kE;Z &
“kjhj esa ,d&,d nks’k dks rhu&rhu jl mRi™k djrs gSa vkSj
rhu&rhu jl ,d&,d nks’k dk “keu djrs gSaA ;Fkk & dVq]
frä vkSj d’kk; okr dks mRi™k djrs gSa vkSj e/kqj] vEy rFkk
yo.k mls “kkUr djrs gSaA dVq] vEy vkSj yo.k fiÙk dks mRi™k
djrs gSa vkSj d’kk;] Loknq vkSj frä jl mls “kkUr djrs gaSA
e/kqj] vEy vkSj yo.k jl dQ dks mRi™k djrs gSa vkSj dVq] frä
vkSj d’kk; jl mls “kkUr djrs gSaA
bls jlnks’k ls lacaf/kr layXu lkj.kh ds ek/;e ls le>k tk
ldrk gSA
jl nks’k laca/kh lkj.kh ----------------------------- ¼l½
lkjka”k %& bl izdkj ikÄpHkkSfrd vkgkj esa ‘kM~jl vkSj f=nks’k dk
egRo vuU;&lk/kkj.k gS A
1-4 vkgkj esa tBjkfXu dk egRo
cyekjksX;ek;q”p izk.kk”pkXukS izfrf’Brk%A
v™kikusU/kuS”pkfXuToZyfr O;sfr pkU;FkkAA----------------------¼28½
cy] vkjksX;] vk;q vkSj izk.k & ;s lc tBjkfXu ij fuHkZj gaSA v™k
iku :ih bU/ku ls ikpd vfXu iznhIr jgrh gS vkSj v™kiku ds
vHkko esa tBjkfXu cq> tkrh gSA
Hkkjrh; laLdkjksa esa gou djuk ,d vfuok;Z deZdk.M gksrk gS
ftldh ijEijk v{kq..k :i ls pyh vk jgh gSA ,d vksj tgk¡
mlls okrkoj.k dh “kqf) gksrh gS rks nwljh vksj og gou bl
ckr dk izrhd gS fd blh izdkj “kjhj dh tBjkfXu esa Hkh
“kjhjiks’kd vkgkj&nzO;ksa dh vkgqfr fu;fer :i ls Mkyh tkrh
jguh pkfg,A

HkwrkfXu;k¡ &
vkgkj iapHkwrkRed gksrk gSA vkgkj nzO; esa ftl egkHkwr dh
iz/kkurk gksrh gS og mlh ls tkuk tkrk gS ;Fkk ikfFkZo] vkI;]
rStl] ok;O; rFkk ukHkl nzO;A nzO;ksa esa iz/kku egkHkwr ds vfrfjDr
vU; pkjksa egkHkwr Hkh xkS.k :Ik ls mifLFkr jgrs gaSA vkgkj ds
vkek”k; esa igq¡pus ij leku ok;q }kjk tBjkfXu izcy gksdj
ikpu fØ;k izkjEHk dj nsrh gSA tBjkfXu dh izcyrk ls cy izkIr
dj nzO; esa mifLFkr vU; egkHkwrksa dh vfXu;k¡ Hkh dk;Z”khy gks
tkrh gSa vkSj vius&vius egkHkwrksa dk ifjikd djrh gSa ftlls
fd vkgkj esa mifLFkr ik¡pksa egkHkwrksas ds Lo:Ik nsg esa mifLFkr
mu egkHkwrksa ds Lo:i ds leku ifjofrZr gksdj mu lc va”kksa
ds iks’k.k ,oa o`f) esa leFkZ gks tkrs gaSA vkgkj ds ikfFkZo va”k dk
ikfFkZoks’ek }kjk] vkI; va”k dk vkI;ks’ek }kjk] vkXus; va”k dk
vkXus;ks’ek }kjk] ok;O; va”k dk ok;O;ks’ek }kjk rFkk ukHkl va”k
dk ukHkl m’ek }kjk ikd gks tkrk gSA
;Fkk LoSjso iq’;Urs nsgs nzO;xq.kk% i`Fkd~A
ikfFkZok% ikfFkZokuso “ks’kk% “ks’kka”p d`RLu”k%AA ----------------¼29½
nsg esa nzO;ksa ds xq.k i`Fkd~ & i`Fkd~ vius&vius va”kksa ls gh iq’V
gksrs gSaA ikfFkZo xq.k ikfFkZo xq.kksa dks iq’V djrs gSa blh izdkj vkI;
xq.k “kjhj ds vkI; xq.kksa dk] vkXus; xq.k vkXus; xq.kksa dk] ok;O;
xq.k ok;O; xq.kksa rFkk ukHkl xq.k ukHkl xq.kksa dk iks’k.k djrs gSa
rFkk vkgkj nzO;ksa esa xq:rk] [kjrk] :{krk] nzork] fLuX/krk vkfn
xq.k “kjhjxr mUgha xq.kksa dh o`f) dk dkj.k gksrs gSaA
vkgkj nzO;ksa dk tBjkfXu rFkk HkwrkfXu;ksa }kjk ikd ds QyLo:Ik
mRi™k lkj Hkkx jl dgykrk gSA blesa vkgkj nzO;ksa dk Lo:Ik
ifjorZu gks “kjhjksi;ksxh :i gks tkrk gS rFkk ikfFkZo vkfn egkHkwrksa
ds xq.kksa ls ;qDr gks tkrk gS] bl v™k jl dk {kqnzkU= fHkfÙk }kjk
vo”kks’k.k gks tkrk gSA
vo”kksf’kr v™k&jl ij /kkRofXu;ksa dh fØ;k izkjEHk gks tkrh gSA
v™k&jl esa miknku :i fofHk™k /kkrq ds va”k gSaA mudk ;g Lo:i
ugha gksrk gS tks “kjhj /kkrqvksa dk gksrk gSA vr% mUgsa viuh&viuh
/kkRofXu }kjk iDork izkIr djuh gksrh gSA /kkRofXu dh fØ;kLo:i
mRi™k izlknka”k ls ml /kkrq dk “kjhj esa iks’k.k rFkk o`f) gksrh gS
rFkk fdÍka”k dk ey :i esa “kjhj ls fu’dklu gks tkrk gSA
fo.ew=ekgkjey% lkj% izkxhfjrks jl%A
l rq O;kusu fof{kIr% lokZu~ /kkrwu~ izriZ;sr~AA ---------------¼30½
fo’Bk vkSj ew= vkgkj ds ey gSa vkSj jl vkgkj dk lkj gSA O;ku
ok;q ls izsfjr gqvk ogh jl “kjhj esa leLr /kkrqvksa dk riZ.k djrk
gSA
lIrfHknsZg/kkrkjks /kkroks f}fo/ka iqu%A
;FkkLoefXufHk% ikda ;kfUr fdÍizlknr%AA -----------------¼31½
nsg dks /kkj.k djus okyh jl] jDr] ekal] esn] vfLFk] eTtk rFkk
“kqØ] ;s lkr /kkrq,¡ viuh&viuh /kkRofXu }kjk nks izdkj ds ikd
dks izkIr djrh gSa & ¼1½ fdÍ :i rFkk ¼2½ izlkn :Ik ikdA
ikpdkfXu rFkk /kkRofXu;ksa dk ijLij lEcU/k &
LokLFkkuLFkL; dk;kXusja”kk /kkrq’kq lafJrk%A
rs’kka lknkfrnhfIrH;ka /kkrqo`f){k;ksn~Hko%AA -----------------¼32½
dk;kfXu ¼ikpdkfXu½ vius gh LFkku ij fLFkj jgrh gS ijUrq
mlds lw{e va”k /kkrqvksa esa tkdj jgrs gS ;fn ikpdkfXu ds bl
lw{e va”k dh /kkrqvksa esa vYirk ;k {kh.krk gksrh gS rks vip;
fØ;k (ketabolism) esa deh rFkk p; fØ;k (anabolism) esa o`f)
gksus ls /kkrq o`f) gksrh gSA bldh /kkrqvksa es izcyrk ;k o`f) gksus
ls vip; fØ;k esa o`f) rFkk fØ;k esa Úgkl gks tkrk gS ftlls
/kkrq {k; gksrk gSA
ikjEi;sZ·fi nkokXusLrÙkr~izkI;sU/kua f”k[kk A
o`f){k;kS ;Fkk ;kfr rFkk /kkrqijEijk AA -----------------¼33½
ftl izdkj nkokfXu dh o`f) rFkk {k; mldks feyus okys
lehiorhZ bZa/ku ds ifj.kke ij vkfJr jgrh gS blh izdkj
/kkrqijEijk dks Hkh le>k tkuk pkfg;sA
ftl izdkj nkokfXu dh o`f) taxy ds o`{kksa dk uk”k dj nsrh gS
blh izdkj tBjkfXu dh /kkrqvksa esa o`f) mudk uk”k dj nsrh gSA
tc “kjhj Årdksa dh p;kip; fØ;k lkekU; ls vf/kd gks tkrh
gS vkSj mldh iwfrZ gsrq ml vuqikr ls iks’k.k nzO; miyC/k ugh
gksrs gSa rks Ård dksf”kdkvksa esa lax`ghr iks’k.k rÙoksa dks “kjhj esa
gksus okyh p;kip; fØ;k,¡ dk;Z esa ykus yxrh gSA ml n”kk esa
“kjhj eas vip;kRed (ketabolic) fØ;k,¡ c<+ tkrh gSa rFkk p;kRed
(anabolic) fØ;k,¡ ghurk dks izkIr gks tkrh gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i
Ård dk o`f) ds LFkku ij {k; izkjEHk gks tkrk gSA
“kjhj /kkrq o`f) p;kip; fØ;k ds ifj.kkeLo:i gksrh gSA ;g
p;kRed rFkk vip;kRed fØ;kvksa dk la;qDr izHkko gSA ;fn
vip; fØ;k c<+ tkrh gS rks Årdksa esa vkWDlhtu dh vko”;drk
Hkh c<+ tkrh gS vkSj p; fØ;k {kh.k gks tkrh gSA blds foijhr
;fn p; fØ;k o`f) dks izkIr dj tkrh gS rks vip; fØ;k ij
bldk foijhr izHkko iM+rk gSA ikpdkfXu dk /kkrqvksa esa tks lw{e
va”k mifLFkr gksrk gS mlds }kjk vip; fØ;k gksrh gS rFkk
/kkRofXu;ksa dks cy feyrk gSA
p;kip;
;s nksuksa voLFkk;sa vlkekU; gSaA nksuksa fØ;kvksa dk lekoLFkk esa
gksrs jguk gh “kjhj dh /kkrqvksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gSA dk;kfXu dh
/kkrqvksa esa lw{e :i ls lemifLFkfr gh /kkrqvksa dh LokHkkfod o`f)
,oa iks’k.k ds fy, vko”;d gSA
leSnksZ’kS% leks e/;s nsgL;ks’ekfXu% lafLFkr%A
ipR;™ka rnkjksX;iq’V~;k;qcZyo`);s AA -----------------¼34½
nsg esa fLFkr vfXu ¼ikpdkfXu½ dks m’ek] okr] fiÙk] dQ ds
lekoLFkk esa gksus ij leHkko esa jgrh gqbZ og vfXu vkjksX;] iqf’V]
vk;q rFkk cy ds fy, v™k dks ipkrh gSA ftlls /kkRofXu;ksa dh
fØ;k Hkh le jgrh gSA /kkrqvksa esa ;g tks p;kip; fØ;k,¡ gksrh
gSa og /kkRofXu;ksa ds dkj.k gksrh gSaA ;fn ikpdkfXu le gS rks
/kkRofXu;ksa dh fØ;k;sa Hkh le gksrh gSaA ikpdkfXu dh fo’kerk
/kkRofXu;ksa dks Hkh fo’ke djrh gSA bl izdkj /kkRofXu;ka ikpdkfXu
ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ikpdkfXu dks vfXu;ksa esa Js’B blhfy, dgk
x;k gSA
voS’kE;s.k /kkrwukefXuo`)kS ;rsr uk AA -----------------¼35½
/kkrqvksa dh lerk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, vfXu ¼ikpdkfXu½ dh
o`f) ds fy, iz;Ruoku~ gksuk pkfg,A D;ksafd ;fn ikpdkfXu le

gS rks “kjhj es gksus okyh leLr p;kip; fØ;k;sa Hkh lE;d~ Hkko
ls gksrh jgsxh rFkk &
iapHkwrkReds nsgs ákgkj% ikapHkkSfrd%A
foiDo% iap/kk lE;Xxq.kku~ LokufHko/kZ;sr~AA -----------------¼36½
iap egkHkwrkas ls fufeZr bl “kjhj esa iapegkHkwrkRed vkgkj ikpd
vfXu;ksa }kjk egkHkwrksa ds miknkuksa esa lE;d~ izdkj ls ifjikfpr
gksus ij vius&vius xq.kksa dks “kjhj esa vftZr djrk jgsxkA
lkjkaa”k
mijksDr ppkZ ls ;g Li’V gksrk gS fd vkgkj dk mi;ksx dsoy
mnj Hkj.k ds fy, u gksdj “kjhj ds iks’k.k ds fy, ;ksX; vkgkj
dks mfpr ek=k esa xzg.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vkgkj ls gh jlkfn
lIr /kkrqvksa dh mÙkjksÙkj fufeZfr gksrh gSA fofHkUu jlksa ls ;qDr
vkgkj dk viuk egRo gksdj mudk nks’kksa ls lEcU/k Hkh vkgkj
ds n`f’Vdks.k ls vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSA ikpdkfXu;ksa rFkk /kkRokfXu;ksa
dk lEcU/k Hkh p;kip; fØ;k dks izHkkfor djrk gS vr% tBjkfXu
dh vogsyuk ugha dh tkuh pkfg;sA bl izdkj ;ksxlk/kdksa ds
fy;s ;kSfxd vkgkj ds v/;;u ds iwoZ mijksDr tkudkfj;k¡ izkIr
djuk vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ izrhr gksrk gS A

lanHkZ lwph
Øekad lanHkZ
1 pØikf.k] pjd lw= & 26@85
2]3 pjd lafgrk & 25@36
4]5 pjd lafgrk & 5@3]4
6 pjd foeku & 2@7
7 pjd lw= & 46@473
8 v’Vkax ân; lw= & 8@3
9 pjd foeku & 2@7
10 lqJrw lw= & 46@473
11 v’Vkax ân; lw= & 8@4
12 pjd lafgrk & 28@45
13 “kkjax/kj iwoZ & 5@24
14&18 pjd fpfdRlk & 15@14] 19] 16] 16] 19
19 v’Vkax ân; lw= & 11@35
20 v’Vkax ân; 'kkjhj LFkku & 3@61
21 pjd fpfdRlk & 15@19
22 pjd lw= & 26@25
23 lqJrw lw= & 42@2
24&25 pjd lafgrk & 26@39] 40
26 pjd lw= & 1@44
27&28 pjd foeku & 1@5] 6
29 pjd lw= & 27@342
31 lqJrw lw= & 46@536
33 v’Vkax ân; lw= & 11@34
34 v’Vkax ân; lw= & 19@17
37 lqJrw lw= & 46@534


izdj.k & 2
;kSfxd vkgkj
Hkwfedk %& fofHk™k ;ksx xzaFkkas ¼g-;ks-iz-]?kss-la-]Jh-xh-b-½ esa vkgkj dk
fo”ks’k :i ls mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA buesa ;ksx ds fy, ek=k;qä
vkgkj ds lkFk fgrdj vkgkj dks ^xzkgÓ* o vfgrdj vkgkj dks
^R;kT;* ekuk x;k gSA blds vykok ;ksxkH;kfl;ksa ds fy, mi;qä
LFkku vkfn dh ppkZ Hkh dh xbZ gS ftldk izR;{k o vizR;{k :i
ls laiw.kZ vkgkj izfØ;k ij ifj.kke gksuk vo”;aHkkoh gSA
blds vykok ;ksx lk/kuk gsrq vkgkj dh mi;qDr ek=k dks xzg.k
djus ds funsZ”k fofHkUu ;ksxxzUFkksa esa fn;s x, gSa A ;ksxsÜoj Hkxoku
Jhd`’.k us Jh-xh- ¼v- 6@17½ esa ^;qDrkgkj* dk funsZ”k fd;k gS
A g-;ks-iz- ¼1@38½ esa tgk¡ ,d vksj ^ferkgkj* dks ;eksa esa loZJs’B
cryk;k x;k gS ogha ^vR;kgkj* ¼g-;ks-iz- 1@15½ dks ;ksx fouk”k
dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k ekuk x;k gS A
vr% ^vkgkj* gekjs “kjhj dk vfHkUu vax gksdj mi;qDr vkgkj gh
“kjhj ds leqfpr fodkl rFkk lq[k ,oa LokLF; dk gsrq gS A
2-1 g-;ks-iz- esa funsZf”kr vkgkj&fogkj fu:i.k

g-;ks-iz- ds jpukdkj LokRekjke ;ksxh us xzaFk ds izkjaHk esa ;ksxkH;klh
lk/kd ds mi;qä LFkku gsrq crk;k gS fd %&
lqjkT;s /kkfeZds ns”ks lqfHk{ks fu#inzoAs
,dkUrs efBdke/;s LFkkrO;a gB;ksfxuk AA 1AA
vFkkZr gB;ksxh dks fdlh Hkh izdkj ds fo?u ls nwj gksdj ,dkUr
esa ,sls /kkfeZd izn”s k esa jgus dk funsZ”k fd;k x;k gS tgk¡ lq”kklu
ds lkFk gh lk/kd dks fHk{kk vkfn feyus esa dfBukbZ u gksA
blds vykok dqVh ds fuekZ.k esa fo”ks’k lko/kkuh cjrus dh ckr
dgh xbZ gS %&
vYi}kjejU/kzxrZfooja ukR;qPpuhpk;re~
lE;Xxkse;lkUnzfyIreeya fu%”ks’ktUrwfT>re~A AA 2AA
vFkkZr~ dqfV;k dks NksVs }kj okyh] fueZy ¼LoPN½ gksus ds fy,
xkscj ls fyih iqrh gksdj mlesa jU/kz ¼fNnz] xok{kkfn½ o xrZ ¼xÔ+k+

vkfn½ ugha gksus pkfg, ftlls vU; izf.k;ksa dh ;k fdlh Hkh izdkj
ds thok.kq o fo’kk.kq dh laHkkouk gh u gksA
bl izdkj ;ksxkH;klh dks mijksä eB esa okl dj
^loZfpUrkfooftZr%* vFkkZr~ lHkh izdkj dh ¼ekufld o nSfgd½
fpUrkvkas dks R;kxus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS ftudk izR;{k ifj.kke
ikpu rU= ij gksrk gSA fparkxzLr O;fDr dks Hkw[k yxus ls ysdj
laiw.kZ ikpu izfØ;k esa vusd dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk
gSA vk/kqfud thou esa ikpu rU= ls lacaf/kr vusd jksxksa ds
izknqHkkZo esa ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.k gSA vEyfiÙkjksx ¼vWflfMfV½
blh dk mnkgj.k gS tks fd ,d loZlkekU; leL;k cu pqdh gS
o ikpu rU= esa ck/kk mRi™k djus dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k gSA
LokRekjke lwfj us ;ksxkH;kl esa fo?udkjd Ng d`R;ksa dk funsZ”k
djrs gq, ^vR;kgkj* dks ,d izeq[k fo?u ekuk gSA mUgksaus ;ksx ds
fouk”k esa dkj.khHkwr d`R;ksa dh ppkZ djrs gq, dgk gS fd %&
vR;kgkj% iz;klÜp iztYiks fu;exzg%A
tulM~-xÜp ykSY;a p ‘kM~fHk;ksZxks fou”;frAA3AA
vFkkZr~ ;ksxlk/kuk esa ck/kk mRi™k djus okys rRoksa esa ^vR;kgkj*
dk LFkku loksZifj gSA vR;kgkj ds dkj.k ikpu Bhd rjhds ls
ugha gks ikrk ftlls ;kSfxd izfØ;kvksa ¼vklu] izk.kk;ke] eqnzk ----
b-½ esa ck/kk mRi™k gksrh gSA blds vykok “yksd ds vUr esa ^ykSY;a*
Hkh fo?u ds :i esa funsZf”kr gqvk gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa vkgkj ls
lacaf/kr fofHk™k leL;kvksa dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k ^ftOgk ykSY;a* gh
gSA fHk™k&fHk™k izdkj ds [kk| inkFkksZa ds LFkku ¼gk¡Vsy b-½ vke
yksxksa ds fy, vkd’kZ.k dk dsUnz cu pqds gaSA vr% leqfpr vkgkj
ds lsou ls yksx oafpr gaSA
;eksa esa ferkgkj dk Js’BRo %&
LokRekjke lwfj us g-;ks-iz- ds izFke mins”k ¼vklufof/kfu:i.ke~~½
ds vUrxZr cryk;s x;s ;e ¼vfgalk] lR;] ---- b-½ ds n”k vaxksa
esa u dsoy ^ferkgkj* dk lekos”k fd;k gS cfYd ferkgkj dks ;eksa
esa fuEukuqlkj izeq[k LFkku fn;k gS %&

^;esf’oo ferkgkje~*] vFkkZr~ ;ksxkH;klh ds fy, ;ksxkH;kl gsrq
vkjEHk esa vkpj.kh; ;eksa ¼lnkpkj½ esa ek=k;qDr Hkkstu dh izeq[krk
funsZf”kr dh xbZ gSA
g-;ks-iz- esa ferkgkj dks fuEukuqlkj ifjHkkf’kr fd;k x;k gS %&
lqfLuX/ke/kqjkgkj%] prqFkkZa”kfooftZr%A
HkqT;rs f”kolEizhR;S ferkgkj% l mP;rs AA4AA
vFkkZr~ gB;ksxkH;klh lk/kd dks izfrfnu fLuX/k ,oa e/kqj vkgkj
ek=kiwoZd xzg.k djuk pkfg,A mls prqFkkZa”koftZr vkgkj gh
Hkxor~izhR;FkZ thou ;k=k pykus ds fy, xzg.k djuk pkfg;sA
;gh lk/kd “kkL= esa ferkgkjh dgykrk gSA
prqFkkZa”k fooftZr vkgkj dks vk;qosZn “kkL= essa fuEur% ifjHkkf’kr
fd;k x;k gS&
^^}kS Hkkxks iwj;snUuS% rks;us Sda iziwj;sr~A ok;ks% lapj.kkFkkZ;
prqFkZeo”ks’k;sr~AA**
;ksxlk/kusPNq yksxksa dks mnj dk vk/kk Hkkx vé ls ,oa ,d
r`rh;ka”k Hkkx ty ls ifjiw.kZ djuk pkfg;s( lkFk gh mnj dk
pkSFkk ,oa vfUre Hkkx ok;q ds lapj.k gsrq lqjf{kr j[kuk pkfg;s
vFkkZr~ [kkyh j[kuk pkfg;sA
g-;ks-iz- ds vuqlkj viF; %&
dV~oEyrh{.kyo.kks’.kgjhr”kkd&lkSohj&rSy&fry&l’kZi&enÓ&
eRL;ku~ A
vktkfnekal&nf/k&rØ&dqyRFk&dksy&
fi.;kdfg³~xqy”kquknÓeiF;ekgq%AA 5AA
;ksxkH;klh ds ;ksx esa ck/kd ¼viF;½ vkgkj dk o.kZu
fuEukuqlkj gS %&
;ksxkH;kl esa viF; ¼fo?udkjd½ vkgkj & dVqjl] vEy
jl] rh{.k jl] yo.k jl] m’.k izd`fr okys inkFkZ] gjs inkFkZ] gjh
“kkd] dkath ¼lkSohj½] rSy ;k rSy ls cus inkFkZ] fry] ljlks]a e|
¼vklo] vfj’V½] eNyh dk ekal] cdjh vkfn dk ekal] ngh] eB~Bk
¼NkN½] dqyFkh] csj] fry ds cus yM~Mw ;k jsoMh vkfn] ghax] yglqu
vkfn inkFkksZa ;k bu ls cuk Hkkstu ;ksxh ds fy;s loZFkk viF;dj
¼;ksxkH;kl esa ck/kd½ dgk x;k gSA
vfgrdja Hkkstue~
Hkkstuefgra fonÓkr~] iqujL;ks’.khd`ra :{ke~ A
vfryo.keEy;qDre~] dn”ku”kkdksRdVa oT;Ze~ AA 6AA
,slk Hkkstu Hkh ;ksxkH;klh ds fy,s lnk vfgrdj gh ekuk x;k
gS tks B.Mk gksus ij iqu% xje ¼m’.k½ dj [kk;k tk;] ;k tks
Hkkstu :[kk ¼?k`r jfgr½ gks] vf/kd uedhu ;k rh{.k vEy;qDr
¼[kV~Vk½ gks] dksnksa vkfn dqfRlr vé] fuf’k) “kkd ,oa yo.k vkfn
ls cus inkFkZ Hkh gBkH;klh lk/kd ds fy;s oftZr gSaA
LokRekjke lwfj us g-;ks-iz- esa iF; ds vUrxZr lekfo"V fd;s x;s
nzO;ksa dk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj gS%&
;ksxkH;kls iF;e~
xks/kwe&”kkfy&;o&’kkf’Vd&”kksHkukéa
{khjkT;&[k.M&uouhr&flrk&e/kwfuA
“kq.Bh & iVksyd & QykfndiÄp”kkdeqn~xkfn fnO;eqnda p
;ehUnziF;e~ AA 7AA
;ksxh ds fy, iF; ¼fgrdj½ Hkkstu& xsgw¡] pkoy] tkS] ‘kkf’Vd
¼lkB fnu esa id tkus okys½ pkoy vkfn ifo= vé] nw/k] ?kh]
“kDdj ¼[kkaM½] eD[ku] feJh ,oa e/kq ¼”kgn½] lkSaB] ijoy ¼iVksy½(
Qy] ik¡p “kkL=lEer “kkd] eawx ,ao ifo= ty&;s [kk| ,oa is;
oLrq,¡ mÙke ;ksfx;ksa ds fy;s Hkkstu esa xzkgÓ gksrh gSa A
blds vykok ;ksxh us fdl izdkj dk Hkkstu xzg.k djuk pkfg;s
bl ckjs esa g-;ks-iz- esa funsZf”kr fd;k x;k gS fd %&
iq’Va lqe/kqja fLuX/k iF;a /kkrqiziks’k.ke~ A
euks·fHkyf’kra ;ksX;a ;ksxh Hkkstuekpjsr~AA8AA
nsg ds fy, iqf’Vdkjd] [kkus eaas e/kqj] fLuX/k ¼?k`r vkfn½ nw/k] /kkrq
¼jl] jä] oh;Z vkfn½ dk o/kZd rFkk eu dks xzká ¼fiz; yxus
okyk½ Hkkstu gh ;ksxh dks xzg.k djuk pkfg;sA
g-;ks-iz- esa iF;kiF; :i esa of.kZr fd;s x;s
vkgkj jlksa o vkgkj nzO;ksa dk foospu %&
1½ mijksDr 'yksdksa esa dqN fof”k"V jlksa dks viF; #i esa rks
dqNsd dks iF; :i esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA blh izdkj nzO;ksa

dks Hkh iF;kiF; esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA budk foospu
fuEukuqlkj gS %&
viF; :iesa n”kkZ;s x;s vkgkj jlksa dk o.kZu %&

^dV~oEyrh{.k yo.k* %&pa-la-ds vUrxZr ¼p-fo- 1@6 esa½ vk;s
o.kZukuqlkj
^dVqfrDrd"kk;k okra tu;fUr* vFkkZr~ dVq] frDr ¼rh{.k½ vkSj
d"kk; jl okr dks mRiUu djrs gSaA
blh izdkj & ^dV~oEyyo.kk% fiRRka tu;fUr* vFkkZr& ~ dVq] vEy
vkSj yo.k fiRr dks mRiUu djrs gSaA
blds vykok vkEy vkSj yo.k jl dQ dks mRiUu djrs gSaA
yo.k jl ds vU; xq.k/keZ tks muds viF; gksus dks dkj.khHkwr gSa
os ¼p-fo- 1@17 es½a fuEukuqlkj gS%&
^vkS".;rS{.;ksiiUue~** vFkkZr~ yo.k jl &m".k ,oa rh{.k xq.kokyk
gksrk gSA blds flok; yo.k dk vf/kd ek=k esa lsou djus ij
;g {kh.krk] f”kfFkyrk vkSj nqcZyrk ykrk gSA vr% yo.k dk vf/kd
lsou ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ftls g-;ks- iz- esa vfgrdj crk;k
x;k gSA m’.k izd`fr ds nzO; fiÙk dks izdqfir djrs gS & ^vkS’.;kr~
fiÙk* ,slk o.kZu p-la ¼p-fo- 1@16½ esa fd;k x;k gS A
gfjr”kkd %& blds vUrxZr 'kkdksa ds fof”k"V lewg dks j[kk x;k
gSA mnk- %& vnjd] uhcw] rqylh] jkbZ] /kfu;k] yglqu iyk.Mq b-
A buesa ls dqNsd rh{.k vkSj dVq jl ds dkj.k rks dqN nks"kksa dks
izdqfir djus ds dkj.k viF; oxZ esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA blh izdkj
;s 'kkd] d`fe] /kwi b- ls nwf"kr gksus ds dkj.k fcuk laLdkjksa ds
vFkkZr~ fcuk rsy] ?kh eas cus vkSj fcuk ikuh fudkys gksa] rks fuf’k)
gSaA
nzO;ksa dk o.kZu
lkSohj ¼idk csj½ o dksy ¼dPpk csj½&
lq-la-esa vk;s o.kZukuqlkj %&
vEykfu jlr% ikds xq:.;q’.kkfu oh;Zr%A
fiRrykU;fuy?ukfu dQksRDys”kdjkf.k pAA 9AA
;s mDr Qy jl esa vEy] foikd esa xq#] oh;Z esa m’.k] fiRrdkjd]
ok;quk”kd rFkk dQ dk mRDys”k djus okys gksrs gSA vr% vEyrk
c<+kus okys o dQo/kZd gksus ds dkj.k g-;ks-iz esa bls viF; esa
lekfo"V fd;k izrhr gksrk gSA
ddZU/kqdksycnjekea fiÙkdQkoge~ AA 10AA
ddZU/kq ¼csj izdkj½] dksy ¼NksVh csj] cnj½ ;s dPps gksus ls fiÙk
vkSj dQo)Zd gksrs gaSA lkSohj ds iÙkksa dks pckus ls lHkh izdkj
ds jlksa dk Kku dqN dky ds fy, u’V gks tkrk gS A
rSy&fry
g-;ks-iz- esa rSy&fry dks viF; esa “kkfey fd;k x;k gS A lq-la-
esa vk;s o.kZukuqlkj buds fuEufyf[kr dkj.k gks ldrs gS %&
fryksa dk rSy&vkXus;] m’.k] rh{.k] ipus esa Hkkjh] ew= dk vojks/k
djus okyk] vuqjl esa frDr vkSj d"kk;] [kkus ds ckn fiÙk dk
tud vkfn gksrk gS A
pa-la- ¼27@290½ ds vuqlkj %&
l"kZi rSy %& ;g rsy dVqjl] m’.koh;Z] jDr rFkk fiÙk dks nwf’kr
djus okyk gSA vr% bls g-;ks-iz- esa viF; esa lfEefyr fd;k x;k
izrhr gksrk gSA l’kZi dk [kkus esa vf/kd ek=k esa fd;k x;k
mi;ksx oeudkjd gksrk gSA
e| %& bls viF; esa n”kkZ;s tkus ds fuEufyf[kr dkj.k gks ldrs
gSa %&
p-la-ds vuqlkj e| dk xq.k %&
^îzd`R;k e|eEyks’.keEya pksDra foikdr%**AA 11AA
vFkkZr~ LoHkko ls gh lHkh izdkj ds e| vEyjl] m’.koh;Z ,oa
vEyfoikdh gksrs gSaA
lq-la ds vuqlkj %& ^loZ fiÙkdja e|eEya* vFkkZr~ lHkh izdkj ds
e| fiÙktud o vEyjl;qDr gksrs gSa A
eRL;ku~ ¼eRL;] eNyh½
p-la-ds vuqlkj %& lHkh eNfy;ksa dk ekal Hkkjh o m’.k gksrk
gSA ;g vusd izdkj ds fodkjksa dks mRiUu djus okyk gksrk gSA
vr% bls ^cgqnks’kk% izdhfrZrk%* fu:fir fd;k x;k gSA

lq-la- ds vuqlkj %& eRL; dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k
gS%&
eRL;kLrq f}fo/kk%&ukns;k% lkeqnzk”p AA 12AA
bl izdkj eRL; unh esa gksus okys&ukns; rFkk leqnz esa gksus okys
lkeqnz] ,sls nks izdkj ds gksrs gaaSA
buds xq.k fuEukuqlkj gSa %&
ukns; eRL;%& xqjoks&ipus esa HkkjhA jDrfiÙkdjk”pks’.kk &
jDrfiÙko/kZd] m’.koh;Z gSA
leqnzh eRL; %& xqjo% & ipus esa Hkkjh o m’.k gksrh gSA
mijksDr dkj.kksa ls eRL; dk viF; gksuk mi;qDr izrhr gksrk gSA
vktkfnekal
lq-la- ds vuqlkj vktkfnekal ds fuEu xq.kksa ds dkj.k bls viF;
esa n”kkZ;k x;k izrhr gksrk gS %&
^xq:%] eUnfiÙkdQ%Le`r%* ------------- AA 13AA
;g ipus esa Hkkjh rFkk vYi ek=k esa fiÙk rFkk dQ mRiUu djus
okyk gSA
nf/k
bls viF; esa n”kkZus ds dkj.k fuEukuqlkj gks ldrs gSa %&
1½ lq-la ds vuqlkj nf/k ds xq.k %&
dQfiÙkd`nEya L;knR;Eya jDrnw’k.ke~ A
fonkfgl`’Vfo.ew=a eUntkra f=nks’kd`r~ AA 14AA
vFkkZr~ [kV~Vk ngh dQ vkSj fiÙk dks mRiUu djrk gS rFkk vf/kd
[kV~Vk ngh jDr dks nwf’kr djrk gSA êUntkr* vFkkZr~ Bhd Bkd
u tek gqvk ngh “kjhj esa fonkg djus okyk rFkk fo’Bk vkSj ew=
dks iSnk djus okyk ;k mudk fuLlkjd ,oa f=nks’kdkjd gksrk
gSA
bl izdkj ds ngh dk o.kZu p-la- esa Hkh fuEukuqlkj fd;k x;k gS
%&
^f=nks’ka eUnda* vFkkZr~ Bhd ls u tek ngh f=nks’kizdksid gSA
blds vykok p-la- es bldk fu’ks/k fuEukuqlkj fd;k x;k gS %&
“kkjnxzh’eolUrs’kq izk;”kks nf/k xfgZre~ A
jDrfiÙkdQksRFks’kq fodkjs’ofgra p rr~ AA 15AA
vFkkZr~ “kjn] xzh’e vkSj olUr _rqvksa esa ngh dk lsou
djuk Bhd ugha gSA jDrfiÙk ,oa dQt fodkjksa esa Hkh ngh
vfgrdj gksrk gSA
rØ
lq-la- ds vuqlkj rØ ¼e/kqj½ &
^”ys’eizdksi.ka*] ^fiÙkdjUp* vFkkZr~ rØ] dQ dk izdksid o
fiÙko/kZd gSA
mijksä dkj.kksa ls rØ dks g-;ks-iz- esa ^viF;* ds vUrxZr n”kkZ;k
izrhr gksrk gSA
dqyRFk
dqyFkh ds viF;dkjd xq.k p-la- ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr gSa %&
^m’.ku% d’kk;k% ikds·Eyk*& dqyFkh & m".k] d’kk; o foikd esa
vEy gSA ;s rhuksa jl iwoZ esa viF; funsZf”kr fd;s tk pqds gSaA
lq-la- Hkh dqyFkh ds mijksä xq.kksa dk o.kZu djrh gS &
m".k% dqyRFkks jlr% d’kk;% AA 16AA
fi.;kd~
lq-la- esa bldk fuEukuqlkj o.kZu fd;k x;k gS %&
fi.;kdfrydYdLFkwf.kdk”kq’d”kkdkfu loZnks’kizdksi.kkfu AA 17AA
fi.;kd ¼ljlks]a vylh vkfn dh [ky½] fryksa dh [ky] LFkwf.kdk
rFkk lw[kh “kkdsa loZ nks’kksa dks izdqfir djrs gSaA
ghax
p-la- esa bls ^dVw’.ka* funsZf”kr fd;k x;k gS vr% ;g viF; gSA
geus iwoZ esa ns[kk gS fd dVq jl o m’.k izd`fr nzO; ;kSfxd&vkgkj
esa viF; gSaA
y”kqu
p-laa- es vk;s o.kZukuqlkj %&
m’.kÜp o`’;Üp y”kqu% dVqdks xq#% AA 18AA
vFkkZr~ y”kqu m’.koh;Z] oh;Zo/kZd] jl esa dVq vkSj xq# gksrk gSA
g-;ks-iz- esa iF;dkjd nzO;ksa dk foospu %&
xks/kwe
p-la- ds vuqlkj xks/kwe ¼xsg¡w½ ds xq.k fuEufyf[kr gaS %&
lU/kkud`n~okrgjks xks/kwe% Loknq”khry% A
thouks càg.kks o`’;% fLuX/k% LFkS;Zdjks xq#% AA 19AA
vFkkZr~ xssgw¡ VwVs gq, LFkkuksa dk lU/kku djusokyk] okruk”kd] jl
esa e/kqj] oh;Z esa “khr] thouh;] càg.k] o`’;] fLuX/k vkSj “kjhj dks
fLFkj cukrk gS ,oa Hkkjh gksrk gSA
“kkfy
vk;qosZn xzUFkksa esa “kkfy pkoy ds vusd Hksn ¼dye] dnZed]
lqxU/kd cklerh] egk”kkyh b-½ n”kkZ;s x, gaSA lq-la- esa buds xq.k
fuEukuqlkj gaS %&
^ê/kqjk oh;Zr% “khrk y?kqikdk cykogk%** AA 20AA
vFkkZr~ “kkfy pkoy & jl esa e/kqj] oh;Z esa “khr] ipus esa y?kq]
cynk;d] gksrs gaSA blds vykok os ^fir?u* ;kuh fiÙkuk”kd Hkh
gSaA
mä “kkfy pkoyksa esa yky “kkfy vPNk gksrk gS rFkk og nks"kuk”kd]
“kqØ rFkk ew= dks c<+kus okyk] us=ksa ds fy, fgrdkjh] cy vkSj
o.kZ dks djusokyk] Loj ds fy, fgrdj] â|] r`"kkuk”kd] oz.k esa
ykHkdkjh] Tojuk”kd] loZ izdkj ds nks"k rFkk fo"kksa dks u"V
djusokyk gksrk gSA bls lq- la- esa fuEukuqlkj of.kZr fd;k x;k
gS%&
rs"kka yksfgrd% Js"Bks nks’k?u% “kqØew=y% A
p{kqI;ksa o.kZcyd`r Lo;ksZ â|Lr`"kkig% AA 21AA
oz.;ks Tojgj”pSo loZnks"kfo"kkig% AA 22AA
;o
lq-la-esa blds xq.kksa dk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj fd;k x;k gS %&
;o% d"kk;ks e/kqjks fgeÜp
dVqfoZikds dQfiÙkgkjh AA 23AA
vFkkZr~ tkS & d"kk;] e/kqj] “khry] foikd esa dVq rFkk dQ vkSj
fiÙk dk uk”k djus okyk gksrk gSA
‘kkf’Vd
p- la- esa vk;s o.kZukuqlkj
“khr% fLuX/kks·xq#% LoknqfL=nks’k?u% fLFkjkRed% A
‘kkf"Vd% izojks xkSj% d`".k xkSjLrrks·uqq p AA 24AA
‘kkf"Vd ;kuh lkBh dk pkoy “khroh;Z] fLuX/k] gydk] e/kqj vkSj
f=nks"kuk”kd gS vkSj “kjhj dks fLFkj cukrk gSA blds nks Hksn
gSa&xkSj rFkk d`".kA buesa xkSj izoj ¼Js"B½ ekuk x;k gSA
lkBh pkoy xzh"e _rq esa idrs gaSA
lq la- esa buds xq.kksa dks fuEukuqlkj n”kkZ;k x;k gS %&
‘kkf"Vd% izojLrs"kka d"kk;kuqjlks y?kq% A
e`nq% fLuX/kfL=nks"k?u% LFkS;Zd`n~cyo)Zu% AA 25AA
lkBh pkoyksa esa ‘kkf’Vd vPNk gksrk gS o vuqjl esa d’kk;] ipus
esa y?kq] e`nq] fLuX/k] f=nks’kuk”kd] “kjhj dks fLFkj djus okyk rFkk
cyo/kZd gksrk gSA
{khjkT;
lq-la-esa vk;s o.kZukuqlkj
xO;a {khja ?k`ra Js"Ba AA 26AA
vFkkZr~ nqX/kksa rFkk /k`rksa es xkS dk nqX/k rFkk ?k`r Js"B gksrk gSA
xksnqX/k ds xq.kksa dk o.kZu p- la- es fuEukuqlkj fd;k x;k gS %&
Loknq “khra e`nq fLuX/ka cgya “y{.kfifPNye~ A
xq# eUna izlUua p xO;a n”kxq.ka i;% AA 27AA
xksnqX/k ds xq.k %& 1½ jl esa e/kqj 2½ oh;Z esa “khr 3½ xq.k esa e`nq
4½ fLuX/k 5½ cgy ¼xk<k½ 6½ “y{.k 7½ fifPNy 8½ xq# 9½ eUn
vkSj 10½ izlUu b- gSaA
bUgha nl xq.kksa ls ;qDr vkst ds lkFk lkekU; gksus ls ;g
nqX/k vkst dks c<+krk gSA ;g lHkh thouh; inkFkksZa esa Js"B rFkk
jlk;u gSA
[k.M ¼feJh½
Hkk-iz-fu- esa vk;s o.kZukuqlkj [k.M ds xq.k fuEukuqlkj gSa %&
[k.MUrq e/kqj]a o``";a p{kq";a càg.ka fgee~ A
okrfiÙkgja fLuX/ka cY;a okfUrgja ije~ AA 28AA
[k.M & e/kqj] jl;qDr] oh;Zo/kZd] us=ksa ds fy, fgrdj] càg.k]
“khroh;Z] okr rFkk fiÙkuk”kd] fLuX/k] cydkjd ,oa eq[;r% oeu
dks nwj djus okyk gksrk gSA
uouhr

p-la- esa vk;s o.kZukuqlkj rkts eD[ku ds izeq[k xq.k fuEukuqlkj
gSa %&
laxzkfg nhiua â|a uouhra uoksn~/k`re A
xzg.;”kksZfodkj?uefnZrk#fpuk”kue~ AA 29AA
rktk ¼uoksn~/k`r½ e[[ku laxzkgh ;kuh ey dks cka/kus okyk]
tBjkfXunhid] àn; ds fy, fgrdj] xzg.kh] v”kZ] vfnZr vkSj
v#fpuk”kd gksrk gSA
flrk ¼”kdZjk½
Hkk-iz-fu- esa vk;s o.kZukuqlkj ”kdZjk ds y{k.k fuEukuqlkj gSa %&
^^[k.MUrq fldrk:ia lq”osra “kdZjk flrk A**
tks [k.M] okyw ds leku rFkk “osr gS mls ^”kdZjk* vFkok ^flrk*
dgrs gSaA
^^flrk lqe/kqjk #P;k okrfiÙkklznkgâr~ A
ewPNkZPNkfnZTojkUgfUr lq”khr% “kqØdkfj.kh**
;g “kdZjk vfr e/kqj] #fpdkjd] okr] fiÙk] jDrfodkj rFkk nkg
dks nwj djusokyh] vfr”khry] “kqØ dks mRiUu djusokyh ,oae~
ewPNkZ] oeu rFkk Toj dks u"V djusokyh gksrh gSA
e/kq
lq-la-esa of.kZr e/kq ds iF;dkjd xq.k fuEukuqlkj gaS %&
e/kq rq e/kqja d"kk;kuqjla :{ka “khrefXunhiua
o.;Za Lo;Za y?kq lqdqekja ys[kua â|a okthdj.ka
lU/kkua “kks/kua jksi.ka lM~-xzkfg p{kq";a izlknua
lw{eekxkZuqlkfj fiÙk”ys”eesnksesg &
fgDdk”okldklkfrlkjPNkfnZr`".kkd`fefo"kiz”keua
‡kfn f=nks"kiz”keuÄpA
rÙkq y?kqRokr~ dQ?ua iSfPNY;kUek/kq;kZr~ A
d"kk;HkkokPp okrfiÙk?ue~ AA 30AA
e/kq & jl esa e/kqj] vuqjl esa d"kk;] :{k] “khr] vfXunhid] o.kZ
c<+kus okyk] cyo/kZd] ipus esa gydk] lqdqekjrkdkjd] ys[ku]
ân; ds fy, fgrdj] okthdj.k] HkXukfLFkla/kkudkjd]
nks"kla”kks/kd] oz.kjksid] laxkz gkfn] us=ksa ds fy, fgrdj] izlknd]
“kjhj ds lw{e L=ksrlksa ¼ekxksZa½ esa izos”k djusokyk] fiÙk] dQ]
esnkso`f)] izesg] fgpdh] “okl] dkl] vfrlkj] oeu] r`".kk] d`fe
vkSj fo"k dk iz”keu djus okyk] ân;kYgkndkjh rFkk f=nks"k dk
“kked gSA
og e/kq y?kq gksus ls dQ dks u"V djrk gS rFkk fifPNy] e/kqj
vkSj d"kk; jl gksus ls okr vkSj fiÙk dks u"V djrk gSA
“kq.Bh ¼lkSaB½
p-la- esa “kq.Bh ds iF;dkjd xq.k fuEukuqlkj of.kZr fd;s x, gSa%&
lLusga nhiua o`’;eq".ka okrdQkige~ A
foikds e/kqja â|a jkspua foÜoHks"kte~ AA 31AA
lkSaB & Lusg;qä] vfXu dks nhIr djusokyh] oh;Zo/kZd] m".koh;Z]
okr&dQuk”kd] e/kqjfoikdh] ân; ds fy, fgrdkjh vkSj
#fpo/kZd gksrh gSA
iVksyd
;g lkekU;r% ijoy uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA Hkk-iz-fu- esa blds
iF;dkjd xq.k fuEukuqlkj n”kkZ;s x;s gSa %&
iVksya ikpua â|a o`";a y?ofXunhiue~ A
fLuX/kks".ka gfUr dklkLkzTojnks"k=;dèhu~ AA 32AA
ijoj & ikpd] ân; ds fy, fgrdj] oh;Zo/kZd] y?kq] vfXunhid]
fLuX/k] m".k ,oa [kkalh] jDrfodkj] Toj] f=nks"k rFkk d`fe dks
u"V djusokyk gksrk gSA
Qykfnda iÄp”kkda
g-;ks-iz- esa budk o.kZu ugha] ijUrq ?ks-la- esa ik¡p izdkj ds 'kkdksa
¼cky”kkd] dky”kkd] iVksyi=d] okLrqda] fgyeksfpdke~~½ dk o.kZu
fd;k x;k gSA budk foospu fuEukuqlkj gS %&
1½ cky”kkd
;g [kSj] [kfnj] ckyi= b- fHkUu fHkUu ukeksa ls tkuk tkrk gSA
blds i= o Qy vkdkj esa NksVs gksrs gSaA ;g frä] d"kk; gksus
ls dQ vkSj fiÙk dk “keu djrk gSA “khroh;Z gksus ls ;g
fiÙk”kked gSA blds vykok ;g dq"B?u] d`fe?u] #fpo/kZd o
jDro/kZd gSA
2½ dky”kkd
p-la-esa vk;s o.kZukuqlkj %&
^^dky”kkda rq dVqda nhiua xj”kksFkftr~ AA**
vFkkZr jl esa dVq gksdj dky”kkd vfXu dks iznhIr djrk gS]
d``f=e fo"k rFkk “kksFk dk uk”k djrk gSA
3½ iVksyi=de~
Hkk-iz-fu- esa vk;s o.kZukuqlkj %&
^îVksyi=a fiÙk?ua nhiua ikpua y?kqA
fLuX/ka o`";a rFkks’.ka p Tojdkld`feiz.kqr~** AA 33AA
ijoy ds iÙks&fiÙkuk”kd] vfXunhid] ikpd] y?kq] fLuX/k]
oh;Zo/kZd] m".k ,oa Toj] [kk¡lh rFkk d`fe dks u"V djusokys gksrs
gaSA
4½ okLrqda
vU; uke %& i=kEyk] okLrq] oLrwd] ohj”kkd] “kkdohj b-A
xq.kdeZ %& y?kq :{k] vEy] e/kqj] m".koh;ZA
mi;ksx %& okr”kked] cht&fiÙk”kked gSA
iÙks ¼i=½ & jkspd] nhiua] ;ÑrksRrstd gSA
blds vykok xqYe] “kwy b- esa ;g mi;ksxh gSA
5½ fgyeksfpdk ¼gjdqp½
Hkk-iz-fu- esa fn;s x;s o.kZukuqlkj
^^czkãh “ka[k/kjk··pkjh eRL;k{kh fgyeksfpdk A
“kksFka dq’Ba dQa fiÙka gjrs fgyeksfpdk AA 34AA
gjdqp ds laLd`r uke %& czkãh] “ka[k/kjk] vkpkjh] eRL;k{kh rFkk
fgyeksfpdkA
mi;ksx %& “kksFk] dq’B] dQ rFkk fiÙk dk uk”kd gSA
bl izdkj iap”kkdksa dk iF;oxZ esa lekfo"V fd;k tkuk mi;qDr
izrhr gksrk gSA
eqn~x ¼ew¡x½
p-la- esa ew¡x ds xq.kksa dk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj gS %&
^^d"kk;e/kqjks :{k% “khr% ikds dVqyZ?kq% A
fo”kn% “ys"efiÙk?uks eqn~x% lwI;ksÙkeks er% AA 35AA
ew¡x & jl esa d"kk; & e/kqj] :{k] “khr vkSj ikd esa dVq ,oa y?kq
gksrk gSA ;g fo”kn] dQ & fiÙkuk”kd vkSj lHkh nkyksa esa Js"B
gksrh Gsa
fnO;eqnde~ ¼fnO;ty½
ty dk ewy Lo:i %&
^tyesdfo/ka loZa irR;SUnza uHkLrykr~ A
rr~ irr~ ifrra pSo ns”kdkykois{krs AA 36AA
vkdk”k ls tks ikuh cjlrk gS] og lc ,d gh izdkj dk gksrk
gSA og fxjrs le; vkSj fxjdj ns”k & dky ds vuqlkj xq.k ;k
nks"k ls ;qDr gksrk gSA
p- la- esa bls N% xq.kksa ls ;qä crk;k x;k gSA
^^“khra “kqfp f”koa e`"Va foeya y?kq "kM~xq.ke~ A
izd`R;k fnO;eqnda**
fnO;ty & tks vkdk”k ls ikuh fxjrk gS og “khr] ifo=]
dY;k.kdj] e/kqj] foey vkSj y?kq & bu N% xq.kksoa kyk gksrk gSA
bl izdkj mijksä of.kZr [kk| ,oa is; oLrq,¡ mÙke ;ksfx;ksa ds
fy, Hkkstu esa xzkgÓ gksrh gaSA g-;ks-iz- esa îF; vkSj viF;* ds
:i esa fd;k x;k oxhZdj.k ;ksx lk/kdksa ds fy, mi;ksxh izrhr
gksrk gSA
g-;ks-iz- esa vkgkj dks izHkkfor djus okyh ;kSfxd izfØ;k,¡ %&
fofHkUu ;kSfxd izfØ;k,¡ ¼vklu~] izk.kk;ke] eqnzk b-½ vkgkj o ikpu
laca/kh fØ;kvksa dks fdl izdkj izHkkfor djrh gSa] budk Øe”k%
fooj.k fuEukuqlkj gS %&
1½ eRL;sUnzklu & tBjiznhfIra&;kuh mnj dh ikpdkfXu dks
iznhIr djrk gSA
2½ ifÜpeksÙkkuklu & ds ykHk ds ckjs esa cryk;k x;k gS fd &
^mn;a tBjkuyL; dq;kZn~ mnjs dk”;Zejksxrka p dq;kZr~**AA 37AA
vFkkZr~ if”peksÙkkuklu ls mnj dh ikpdkfXu esa rhozrk vkdj
mnj esa d`”krk ¼LFkkSY;kHkko½ vkrh gSA ,sls ;ksxkH;kfl;ksa dk “kjhj
fujksxh gks tkrk gSA
3½ e;wjklu ds ykHk esa of.kZr fd;k x;k gS fd %&
^Ckgq dn”kuHkqDre~ HkLe dq;kZn”ks’ke~] tu;fr tBjkfXua* AA 38AA
vFkkZr~ ;g xfj’B & vfr Hkkstu dks ljyrk ls ipkrk gSA ,oa
ikpdkfXu esa rhozrk ykrk gSA
4½ LokRekjke lwfj us izk.kk;ke ds vH;kldky ds vkjEHk ls iwoZ
lk/kd dks ?k`r ,oa {khj fefJr Hkkstu ysus dk funs”Z k fd;k gS]
;Fkk %&
^^vH;kldkys izFkes ”kLr {khjkT;Hkkstue~~ ** AA 39AA
5½ cfLrdeZ ds ykHk ds vUrxZr Hkh ^nguiznhfIre~* dk fo”ks’k :i
ls mYys[k
fd;k x;k gSA vFkkZr~ ;g ikpdkfXu dks iznhIr djrk gSA
6½ ukSfydeZ ds fo”ks’k xq.kksa esa of.kZr fd;k x;k gS fd %&
^êUnkfXulUnhiuikpukfnlU/kkf;dkuUndjh lnSo A
v”ks’knks’kke;“kks’k.kh p gBfØ;kekSfyfj;a p ukSfy%**AA 40AA
vFkkZr~ ikpdkfXu esa rhozrk ykuk] HkqDr vUu dks ipkuk] “kjhj dks
lnk lq[ke; fLFkfr esa j[kuk] mnj ds leLr jksxksa dks u’V djuk
;s lc gB;ksx fØ;k ds f”kjksef.kHkwr bl ukSfydeZ ds fo”ks’k xq.k
gSaA
7½ lw;ZHksnu izk.kk;ke ^Ñfenks’kâr~* gksus ls mnj ds ey esa mRiUu
d`fe;ksa ¼dhVks½a dk uk”k djrk gSA
8½ mTtk;h dqEHkd dks ^nsgkuyfoo/kZue~* vFkkZr~ ikpdkfXu dks
o`f)axr djus okyk n”kkZ;k x;k gS A
9½ HkfL=dk dqEHkd ls ^”kjhjkfXufoo/kZue~* vFkkZr~ ikpdkfXu dk
nhiu gksrk gSA
10½ g-;ks-iz esa eqnzkvksa ds o.kZu ds vUrxZr egkeqnzk ds vH;klh
lk/kd ds }kjk fdlh Hkh izdkj dk xzg.k fd;k x;k jl;qDr
vkgkj] iF;kiF; b- th.kZ gks tkus dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA ;gk¡ rd
dh og lk/kd fo’klEi`Dr vkgkj djs ;k ve`rla;qDr&mldks ;s
nksuksa gh izdkj ds vkgkj [kk ysus ij os th.kZ gks
tkrs gSA bldk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj fd;k x;k gS %&
^û fg iF;eiF;a ok jlk% losZ·fi uhjlk% A
vfi HkqDra fo’ka ?kksja ih;w’kefi th;Zfr** AA 41AA
blh izdkj xqYejksx ,oa vth.kZ ¼eUnkfXu½ vkfn jksxkas ds egkeqnzk
ds vH;kl ls {kh.k gksus dh ckr dh dgh xbZ gSA
11½ egkeqnzk] egkdky o egkos/k eqnzkvksa dk vH;kl ôfUgo`f)dja*
¼vfXuo/kZd½ funsZf”kr fd;k x;k gS A
12½ ewycU/k ls ikpdkfXu esa nhfIr %&
^rsukR;UriznhIrLrq Toyuks nsgtLrFkk* AA 42AA
g-;ks-iz- esa ewycU/k ds o.kZu esa n”kkZ;k x;k gS fd blls nsgLFk
¼mnjLFk½ vfXu Hkh vR;Ur iznhIr ¼ikpu”kfDr;qDr½ gks tkrh gSA
13½ foijhrdj.kh eqnzk dk fuR; vH;kl lk/kd dh ikpdkfXu dks
c<+kus okyk funsZf”kr fd;k x;k gS %&
^^fuR;eH;kl;qDrL; tBjkfXufoof/kZuh** AA 43AA
bl izdkj ;kSfxd izfØ;k,¡ vkgkj dks vusdkusd :i esa izHkkfor
djrh gSaA
2-2 ?ks-la- esa funsZf”kr vkgkj&fogkj fu:i.k

;g fuEukuqlkj gS %&
ferkgkja fouk ;Lrq ;ksxkjEHkUrq dkj;sr~ A
ukukjksxks HkosÙkL; fdfÄp|ksxks u fl)¸kfr AA 44AA
tks lk/kd ifjfer vkgkj fd;s fouk ;ksxlk/kuk dk vkjEHk djrs
gS] os vusd izdkj ds jksxksa ls vkØkar gks tkrs gSa] lkFk gh muds
}kjk dh xbZ ;ksxlk/kuk Hkh loZFkk vfl) gh jgrh gSA
“kkY;Uua ;ofi.Ma ok xks/kwefi.Mda rFkk A
eqn~xa ek’kp.kdkfn “kqHkzaUp rq’koftZre~ AA 45AA
ferkgkj esa iz;ksT; vkgkj dk foospu djrs gq;s _f’k ?ksj.M dgrs
gSa fd ;ksxlk/kd euq’; dks “kkfy/kkU; dk pkoy] ;o] xsgq¡ ds
vkVs dh jksVh] ew¡x ;k mM+n vFkok pus dh nky&;s lHkh ;fn
loZFkk LoPN vkSj rq’k vFkkZr~ Hkwlh ls jfgr gksa rHkh Hkkstu ds :i
esa xzg.k djus pkfg;sA
iVksya iula ekua d³~dksyUp “kqdk”kde~ A
nzkf<dka ddZVha jEHkka MqEcjha d.Vd.Vde~ AA 46AA
;ksxlk/kd dks ijoy] ifjfer ek=k esa dVgy] dadksy] djsyk]
vk<dh ¼v#bZ½] ddM+h] dsyk] xwyj] pkSykbZ dk “kkd bR;kfn
oLrqvksa dk iz;ksx Hkkstu esa djuk pkfg;sA
vkejEHkka ckyjEHkka jEHkkn.MÄp ewyde~ A
okÙkkZdha ewyda _f)a ;ksxh Hkkstuekpjsr~ AA 47AA
dPpk dsyk] idk dsyk] jEHkkn.M vFkkZr~ dsys dk n.M] ewyh]
cSxu ,oa _f) ¼vkS’kf/kfo”ks’k½& bu lHkh oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx Hkkstu
eas ;ksxlk/kdksas dks djuk pkfg,A
cky”kkda dky”kkda rFkk iVksyi=de~ A
iÄp”kkda iz”kalh;k}kLrqda fgyeksfpdke~ AA 48AA
lqdksey “kkd] le;kuqlkj mRié “kkd] ijoy ds iÙkksa dk “kkd]
cFkq;s dk “kkd ,oa djew dk “kkd&;s ik¡p izdkj ds “kkd ;ksfx;ksa
ds Hkkstu gsrq mi;qä gksrs gSaA
?ksjaM _’kh us ferkgkj dks fUkEukuqlkj ifjHkkf’kr fd;k gS %&
“kq)a lqe/kqja fLuX/ke~ mnjk)ZfooftZre~ A
HkqT;rs lqjla izhR;k ferkgkjfeea fonq% AA 49AA
;ksxlk/kusPNq yksxksa dks “kq) vFkkZr~ LoPN] lqe/kqj] fLuX/k vkSj
lqjl nzO;ksa dks iw.kZ lUrks’k ds lkFk vk/kk mnj vFkkZr~ vk/ks isV
gh Hkkstu djuk pkfg,A Hkj isV Hkkstu ugha djuk pkfg,A bls
gh ferkgkj dgk tkrk gSA
?ks-la- esa fuEufyf[kr nzO;ksa dks viF;dkjd ekuk x;k gS %&
dV~oEya yo.ka fräa Hk`’VP¥ nf/k rØde~ A
“kkdksRdVa rFkk e|a rkyÄpiulUrFkk AA 50AA
dqyRFka elwja ik.Mqa dw’ek.Ma “kkdn.Mde~ A
rqEchdksydfiRFkÄp d.VfcYoa iyk”kde~AA 51AA
dnEca tfEchja fuEca ydqpa y”kqua fcle~ A
dkej³xa fiz;kyÄp fg³~xq”kkYeyhdseqde~ A
;ksxkjEHks otZ;sr~ iFakfL=ofàlsoue~ AA 52AA
dM+ok] [kÍk] uedhu] rh[kk&bu jlkssa ls lefUor oLrq,¡ Hk`’V
vFkkZr~ Hkqus gq, nzO;( tSls Hkwtk puk vkfn] ngh] eÎk] mRdV vFkkZr
rh[ks “kkd] lqjk] rky] ids dVgy] dqyRFk ¼dqyFkh½ ,oa elwj dh
nky] ik.Mq dk “kkd] dqEgM+k] “kkdn.M] rqEch] csj] dfiRFk ¼dSFk½]
d.VfcYo vFkkZr~ dk¡Vsnkj csy] iyk”k] dnEc] tEchj] ydqp]
yglqu] fcl vFkkZr~ deyxêk] dej[k] fiz;ky vFkkZr iyk.Mq
¼I;kt½] ghax] “kkYeyh ¼”ksej½] dseqd vFkkZr~ xksHkh] jkLrk pyuk]
L=h ds lkFk lgokl ,oa vfXu dk lsou vFkkZr~ vkx rkiuk &
bu lcdk lsou ;ksxkjEHk ds le; esa ;ksfx;ksa dks ugha djuk
pkfg;sA
uouhra ?k`ra {khja xqM”kØkfn pS{koe~ A iUpjEHkk ukfjdsya nkfMea
eflokloe~A nzk{kkUrq uouha /kk=ha jleEya fooftZre~ AA 53AA
;ksx ds vkjEHk esa lk/kdksa dks uouhr ¼eD[ku½] ?k`r] nw/k]
xqM+&”kDdj vkfn xés ls cuh oLrq;]sa ik¡p izdkj ds dsys] ukfj;y]
vukj] lkSaQ] equDdk] uouhi= vFkkZr~ uksfa u;sa dk “kkd] vk¡oyk
,oa vEy jl ls lefUor oLrqvksa dk Hkkstu ds #i esa mi;ksx
ugha djuk pkfg,A
blds vykok iF;kiF; dks ?ks-la-esa fuEukuqlkj iznf”kZr fd;k x;k
gSS %&
,yktkfryo“Äp ikS#’ka tEcq tkEcqye~ A

gjhrdha p [ktwZja ;ksxh Hk{k.kekpjsr~ AA 54AA
byk;ph] tkfr vFkkZr~ pesyh] ykSax] rstksnk;d oLrq,¡] tkequ]
dBtkequ] gjhrdh ¼gjZ½ vkSj [ktwZj&bu lHkh nzO;ksa dk Hkkstu esa
iz;ksx ;ksxlk/kuk ds vkjEHk esa lk/kd ;ksxh dks djuk pkfg,A
y?kqikda fiz;a fLuX/ka rFkk /kkrqiziks’k.ke~ A
euks·fHkyf’kra ;ksX;a ;ksxh Hkkstuekpjsr~ AA 55AA
tks oLrq,¡ HkkstuksijkUr lgtrk ls ifjikd dks izkIr gks tk;sa] eu
dks fiz; gks]a fLuX/k gks]a “kjhjLFk /kkrqvksa dks iqf’V iznku djrh gksa
,oa vHkhfIlr gks& a ,sls fiz;dj oLrqvkas dk iz;ksx gh Hkkstu eas
;ksfx;ksa dks djuk pkfg,A
dkfBU;a nqfjra iwfreq’.ka Ik;qZf’kra rFkk A
vfr”khra pkfr pksxza Hk{;a ;ksxh footZ;sr~AA 56AA
dkfBU;iw.kZ vFkkZr~ dBksj nzO;] fuU| ¼ikrd dks mRié djus okys½]
nqxUZ /k;qä] T;knk xeZ] cklh] cgqr “khry vkSj mxz vFkkZr~ vR;Ur
rh[ks nzO;ksa dk iz;ksx ;ksx&lk/kdksas dks Hkkstu ds :i esa ugha djuk
pkfg,A
,dkgkja fujkgkja ;kekUrs p u dkj;sr~ AA 57AA

dHkh ,d ckj Hkkstu djuk] dHkh fujkgkj jguk ;k ,d izgj
O;rhr gksus ds i”pkr~ Hkkstu djuk & ;s lHkh dk;Z ;ksfx;ksa ds
fy, fuf’k) gSaA
,oa fof/kfo/kkusu izk.kk;kea lekpjsr~ A
vkjEHka izFkes dq;kZr~ {khjkT;a fuR;Hkkstue~A
e/;kàs pSo lk;kàs Hkkstu};ekpjsr~ AA 58AA
bl izdkj fu;r fof/k;kssa dk iw.kZr% ikyu djrs gq;s izk.kk;ke dk
vH;kl djuk pkfg,A bl vH;kl dks vkjEHk djus ds iwoZ fuR;
Hkkstu ds Øe esa nw/w k ,oa ?kh dk lsou djuk pkfg, lkFk gh
e/;kà vkSj lk;adky & bu nks le;ksa esa Hkkstu xzg.k djuk
pkfg,A
?ks-la- esa of.kZr vkgkj nzO;ksa dk foospu-
blds vUrxZr dsoy mUgha nzO;ksa dk foospu fd;k tk jgk gS tks
mijksä ?ks-la- ds “yksdksa eas iF;kIkF; ds :i esa of.kZr gS o g-;ks-
iz esa ftudk o.kZu ugha fd;k x;k gS A “ks’k nzO;ksa dk foospu
fuEukuqlkj gS &
iF;e~
1½ ek’k% ¼mMn½ %&
mMn ds xq.k %& ;g vR;Ur o`’;] okruk”kd] fLuX/k] m’.koh;Z]
e/kqj jl] xq#] cyo/kZd] ey & ew= vf/kd mRi™k djus okyk
vkSj ikS#’k “kfDr dks “kh?kz c<+kus okyk gksrk gSA
2½ p.kd %¼puknky½ %&
xq.k %& y?kq] “khroh;Z] e/kqj] d’kk; vkSj :{k gksrh gSA blds
vykok bl nky dks fiRr”ys’et jksxksa eas o vkysiu ds fy,
mi;qä crk;k x;k gSA
3½ iula ¼dVgy½ %&
xq.k %& xq:] fLuX/kA
nks’kdeZ %& dPpk Qy fiÙk”kked rFkk idk Qy okrfiÙk”kked]
jDrLrEHku] cY;] càg.k o “kqØo/kZd gSA
4½ ekua %&
vU; uke %& ekud] ekudUn] egki=A
xq.k %& xq#] fLuX/k A
jl %& e/kqj A oh;Z&”khrA
nks’kdeZ %& ;g e/kqj&”khr gksus ls okrfiÙk”kked gSA ;g cyo/kZd
gksdj blds i= jDrjks/kd gSaA
 ¼fVIi.kh %& mijksDr iz;qDr nks’kdeZ “kCn esa nks’k dk vFkZ
okr] fiÙk o dQ ls lacaf/kr gS A vkxs vkus okys foospu
esa Hkh ;gh vFkZ xzkgÓ gksxk½
5½ d³~dksy %&
vU; uke %& xU/kefjPk] “khryphuh] dckc phuh b-A
xq.k %& y?kq] :{k] rh{.kA oh;Z %& m’.kA
deZ %& ;g dQokr”kked gSA vfXueka|] v#fp o g`ÌkScZY; esa
mi;ksxhA
6½ dkjosYyd %&
vU; uke %& djsyk] djofYydk] djdk b-A
xq.k %& y?kq] :{kA jl %& frDr] dVq] A oh;Z & m’.kA
deZ %& ;g dQfiÙk”kked gSA fdUrq m’.k gksus ls okr dks ugha
c<+krk A
7½ v:bZ %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & vjbZ] ?kqb;kaA ejkBh & vGqA
jlLokn %& blds Lokn esa dqN pjijkiu jgrk gS tks izdkj ds
vuqlkj de ;k vf/kd gksrk gSA
xq.k %& ;g vkyw dh vis{kk 1 1@2 xquk vf/kd iks’kd gSA ;g
lqikP; gksdj ;d`r o`f/n esa lgk;d gksrk gSA
8½ ddZVh %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & ddMhA ejkBh & dkdMhA
xq.k %& y?kq] :{kA foikd & dVq A oh;Z & m’.kA
nks’kdeZ %& ;g m’.koh;Z gksus ls dQokr”kked gSA blds vykok
v#fp o vfXueka| esa ykHkdkjh gSA
9½ jEHkk %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & dsyk ¼dnyh½ A ejkBh & dsGhA blds
Qwyksa dh lCth jDrfiÙk esa o e/kqesg esa mi;ksxh gSA
vkejEHkk ¼dPpk dsyk½ %& vU; nzO;ksa ds lkFk e/kqegs esa mi;ksxhA

ckyjEHkk ¼idk dsyk½ %& ;g cY;] jDrfiÙk”kked] laxzkgd rFkk
thouh; gSA blls jDr dh ek=k c<+rh gSA vkU= dh fØ;k lq/kjrh
gSA ;g vfrlkjkfn esa iF;dj gSA
jEHkkn.M%& bldk jl r`"kk”kked gksdj ;g okr fodkjksa esa
mi;ksxh gksrk gSA bl izdkj dsys dk laiw.kZ o`{k Qy o Qwyksa ds
lkFk iF;dj gSA
10½ MqEcjh ¼mnqEcj½ & xwyj %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & xwyj A ejkBh & mEcj A caxkyh &
;KMqEcjA
xq.k %& xq#] :{kA foikd&dVq A oh;Z &”khrA
deZ %& ;g dQ&fiÙkuk”kd gSA bldk idk Qy d`fedkjd gSA
11½ pkSykbZ %&
vU; uke %& laLd`r & r.Mqyh;] es?kukn b-A fgUnh&pkSykbZ dk
“kky] poykbZA ejkBh& rkanqGtk A
xq.k %& y?kq] “khry] :{kA
deZ %& vfXunhid] :fpdkjd ,oe~ fiÙk] dQ jäfodkj rFkk
fo’k dks nwj djusokyh gksrh gSA
12½ okrkZdh %&
laLd`r uke %& c`grh] egrh] dkUrk] fgaxqyhA fgUnh & cM+s dVsjhA
xq.k %& y?kq] :{k b-A
deZ %& dQokruk”kd] d`fe?u] jäfodkj esa mi;ksxhA
13½ ewyde~ %&
blds nks Hksn gSa % NksVh ewyh o cMh ewyh A
o.kZu %&
izdkj NksVh ewyh cM+h ewyh
xq.k dVq] jl;qä] y?kqA :{k] m".k] xq#A
deZ ikpd] f=nks"kuk”kd A ;fn bls rsy ls Hkwatk tk;
Toj] d.B rFkk us= rks ;g f=nks"kuk”kd gksrh
jksxksa dks gSA
nwj djusokyhA

14½ ,yk %&
vU; uke %& laLd`r & ,yk] f=iqVhA fgUnh & byk;phA ejkBh
& osynksMsA
xq.k %& y?kq] :{kA jl & dVq] e/kqjA foikd&e/kqjA oh;Z&”khrA
nks"kdeZ %& f=nks"kgj gSA blds xq.k vkSj jl ls dQ dk] foikd
ls okr dk rFkk oh;Z ls fiÙk dk “keu gksrk gSA
15½ ykSax %&
vU; uke %& laLd`r] ejkBh] xqtjkrh] caxkyh & yoax A fgUnh
& ykSaxA
xq.k %& y?kq] fLuX/kA jl & frä] dVq A oh;Z&”khr A
nks"kdeZ %& frä dVq gksus ls dQ dk rFkk “khr gksus ls fiÙk dk
“keu djrk gSA ;g d`fe?u Hkh gSA
16½ tEcq %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh&tkequ A ejkBh & tkaHkqG A
xq.k %& y?kq] :{kA jl & d"kk;] e/kqj] vEyA
nks"kdeZ %& ;g :{k d"kk; gksus ls dQ dk rFkk “khr d"kk; gksus
ls fiÙk dk “keu djrk gSA
17½ gjhrdh %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh&gjM A ejkBh & fgjMsA
xq.k %& y?kq] :{kA jl %& iapjl ¼yo.koftZr½] d"kk; iz/kkuA
nks"kdeZ %& ;g e/kqjfräd"kkk; gksus ls fiÙk] dVq&frä&d"kk;
gksus ls dQ rFkk vkEye/kqj gksus ls okr dk “keu djrk gSA vr%
;g f=nks"kgj gksdj fo”ks"kr% okr”kked gSA
18½ [ktwj %&
vU; uke %& laLd`r & [ktwZj A fgUnh & [ktwj A ejkBh &
[ktwjA
xq.k %& fLuX/k] xq# gSA jl %& e/kqjA nks"kdeZ %& ;g
okrfiÙk”kked gSA
viF;e~
1½ rky
vU; uke %& laLd`r & rkyjl% ¼rkaMh½ A fgUnh & rkM+ rkyA
ejkBh &rkMA
viF;&dkj.k %& ;g vR;Ur endkjd gksrk gSA iqjkuk gksus ij
[kVV~k gksus ls fiÙkdkjd gksrk gSA
2½ elwj %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & elwj A ejkBh & elwj A laLd`r &
elwfjdkA
viF; %& D;ksafd ;g okrdkjd gSA
3½ dw"ek.M %&
vU; uke %& laLd`r&dw"ek.M A fgUnh & dqEgM+k A
viF; %& ;g funzktuu gksus s ls bls viF; esa lekfo’V fd;k
izrhr gksrk gSA
4½ rqEch %&
vU; uke %& laLd`r & rqEchA fgUnh & ykSdh] rqEch A
viF; %& dVq rqEch ¼oU; esa ikbZ tkusokyh½ oeudkjd gSA
5½ dfiRFk %&
vU; uke %& dSFk A xq.k %& xq#A
viF; %& D;ksafs d dPPkk dSFk & okro/kZd A o idk dSFk & xq#
¼Hkkjh½ gksdj nsj ls gte gksrk gSA
6½ d.V fcYo %&
vU; uke %& fcYo] csy] JhQy b-A xq.k %& y?kq] :{k A
viF; %& ;g fo’VEHk mRiUu djrk gSA
7½ iyk”k %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & iyk”k A ejkBh & iGl A xq.k %& y?kq]
:{k] rh{.k A jl & frDr] dVq A
viF; %& D;ksafd oeudkjd o isV esa nnZ mRiUu djrk gSA
8½ dnEc %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & dne A laLd`r] xqtjkrh & dnEcA xq.k
%& :{k
viF; %& dQdkjd o ok;qtud gSA
9½ tEchj %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & tEchjh uhacw A ejkBh & bMfyacq A xq.k
%& xq#] rh{.k A
viF; %& fiÙko/kZd gSA
10½ ydqpa %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & cM+gy] cjgj b-A
viF; %& dQo/kZd] fo’VEHkd] us=ks ds fy, vfgrdj gS A
11½ y”kqua %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & ygl quA ejkBh & ylw.kA laLd`r &
jlksu] y”kqu b-A xq.k %& xq#] fLuX/k] rh{.k A oh;Z & m’.k A
viF; %& mÙkstd o jDrfiÙk dks c<+kus okyk gSA
12½ fcle~ ¼e`.kky½ %&
vU; uke %& deyxêk A
viF; %& deyuky & dfBurk ls ipus okyk] okr rFkk dQo/kZd
gSA
13½ fiz;ky %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & fpjkSath A ejkBh & pkjksGhA xq.k %& xq#]
fLuX/kA
viF; %& fo’VEHkd o vkenks’k dks c<+kus okyh gSA
14½ “kkYefy %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & lsej] lsey A ejkBh & lkaojA xq.k %&
y?kq] fLuX/kA
viF; %& D;ksfa d tuusfUnz; ij bldh dqN mÙkstd fØ;k gksrh
gSA
15½ dseqde~ %&
vU; uke %& fgUnh & QwyxksHkh A ejkBh & Qwydksch A laLd`r
& dseqd b-A xq.k %& y?kq] #{kA
viF; %& D;kasfd okro/kZd gSA
?ks- la- ds vuqlkj vkgkj ij ;kSfxd izfØ;kvkas ds izHkko dk
Øe”k% o.kZu fuEukuqlkj gS %&
1½ ?ks-la ds izFkeksins”k esa “kks/ku fØ;kvksa ds vUrxZr /kkSfr ds Qy
dk fu:i.k djrs gq, dgk x;k gS fd ;g /kkSfr ^nsgkuyfoo/kZue~*
vFkkZr~ tBjkfXu dks c<+kus okyh gS A
2½ blh ds vkxs xzaFk esa vfXulkj /kkSfr ds ckjs esa dgk x;k gS
fd%&
^^mnjke;ta R;DRok tBjkfXua foo/kZ;sr~** AA 59AA
bl /kkSfr fd;k ds lrr vH;kl ls isV ,oa vkek”k; ls lEcfU/kr
jksx ugha gksrs rFkk ;ksxkH;klh dh tBjkfXu vR;Ur iznhIr gks
tkrh gS A
3½ ^”kq’dcfLr* ds Qy dk o.kZua djrs gq, bls Hkh lk/kd dh
tBjkfXu dk o/kZu djus okyk n”kkZ;k x;k gS A
4½ ykSfydh fØ;k g-;ks-iz- ds ukSfy fd;k ds leku gh izrhr gksrh
gS A ;g fØ;k Hkh ^nsgkuyfoo/kZue~* vFkkZr~ tBjkfXu dks o`f)xar
djus okyh gS A
5½ ?ks-la- ds f}rh;ksins”k ¼}kf=a”knkluo.kZue~½ esa Hkqtaxklu ds ykHk
dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgk x;k gS fd %& ^^nsgkfXuoZ/kZrs fuR;a**]
vFkkZr~ Hkqtaxklu dh lk/kuk djus ls “kjhj dh vfXu fnu &
izfrfnu c<+rh tkrh gSA
6½ ?ks-la- ds r`rh;ksins”k ¼eqnzkdFkue~½ esa êgkeqnzk* ds Qy dk
fu:i.k djrs gq, bls tBjkfXu c<+kus okyk crk;k x;k gSA
7½ blh mins”k esa mfÏ;ku cU/k ds o.kZu esa dgk x;k gS fd %&
^^rL;ksnjkfXuToZyfr jlo+̀f)Lrq tk;rs** vFkkZr~ bldh lk/kuk ls
tBjkfXu izToyu ds lkFk “kjhj esa iqf’Vdj jlksa dh Hkh vfHko`f)
gksrh gSA
8½ [kspjh eqnzk ds ^QydFkue~* esas dgk x;k gS fd tks bldh
lk/kuk djrs gaS muij Hkw[k] I;kl b- dk izHkko ugh gksrkA
9½ HkqtafXkuheqnzkdFkue~ ¼ftlesa xys ls ok;q dk iku fd;k tkrk
gS½ ds vUrxZr blds Qy dk o.kZu djrs gq, crk;k x;k gS fd
;g lc izdkj ds mnj jksxksa ¼fo”ks’kdj vth.kZ vkfn½ dh fouk”kd
gSA
10½ fofo/k eqnzkvksa ds izfrfnu vH;kl ls tBjkfXu esa o`f) gksus
dks n”kkZ;k x;k gSA
11½ ?ks-la- ds prqFkksZins”k ¼izR;kgkjiz;ksx½ esa eu dh papyrk ds
mik; Lo:Ik izR;kgkj ;ksx dks vkpj.k esa ykus dh ckr dgh xbZ
gSA blh lanHkZ esa vkgkj jlksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, dgk x;k gS
fd %&

e/kqjkEydfrDrkfnjlku~ ;kfr ;nk eu% A
rLekr~ izR;kgkjsnsrnkReU;so o”ka u;sr~ AA 60AA
vFkkZr~ e/kqj&vEy&dVq&frDr vkfn ftrus Hkh jl gSa] mudh vksj
euq’; dk eu lnk loZnk lgt :i ls izo`r gksrk jgrk gS]
blfy;s mudh vksj ls eu dks fu;fU=r djrs gq, izR;kgkj ;ksx
}kjk vius o”k esa j[kuk pkfg,A
12½ xzaFk ds iÄpeksins”k ¼izk.kk;ke iz;ksx%½ esa izk.kk;ke dh lk/kuk
ds iwoZ ferkgkj dks vey esa ykus dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA blds
vykok lk/kuk gsrq LFkku fo”ks’k dh ppkZ djrs gq, lk/kd dks
/keZijk;.k] lqfHk{k;qDr ,oa minzofoghu jkT; esa izkphj
¼pgkjnhokjh½ ls f?kjh gqbZ ,d dqVh esa jgus ds funsZ”k fd;s x,
gSaA ;g dqVh ¼^dhVoftZre~*½ dhMs&edksMs ls jfgr ,oa
¼lE;XXkkse;fyIrÄp½ xkscj }kjk vPNh izdkj fyih ¼iqrh½ gqbZ gksus
dks crk;k x;k gSA
13½ fofHk™k dqEHkdksa ds o.kZu esa ^lw;ZHksndqEHkd* dks
^nsgkuyfoo/kZue~* vFkkZr~ “kjhjLFk vfXu dks c<+kus okyk n”kkZ;k
x;k gSA
14½ mTtk;h dqEHkd & vthZ.k b- esa ykHkdkjh gksus dh ckr dgh
xbZ gSA
15½ “khryh dqEHkd ds fiÙkjksx esa xq.kdkjh gksus dks crk;k x;k
gSA
bl izdkj ?ks-la- esa vkgkj o ml ij iM+us okys fofHk™k ;kSfxd
izfØ;kvksa ds ifj.kke dk egRoiw.kZ foospu fd;k x;k gSA
2-3 Jh-xh-esa of.kZr vkgkj&fogkj dk foospu

Jh-xh- ds r`rh; v/;k; ¼deZ;ksx½ esa vUu ds egRo dk izfriknu
Lo;a Hkxoku ¼;ksxÜs oj½ d`’.k }kjk fuEukuqlkj fd;k x;k gS %&
vUuköofUr Hkwrkfu itZU;knUulEHko% A
;Kköofr itZU;ks ;K% deZleqöo% AA 61AA
vFkkZr~ Hk{k.k fd;k gqvk vUu jDr vkSj oh;Z ds :i eas ifj.kr
gksus ij mlls izR;{k izk.kh gh mRiUu gksrs gaS A itZU; ls vFkkZr~
o`f’V ls vUu dh mRifÙk gksrh gS vkSj ;K ls o`f’V gksrh gS A
bls euqLe`fr ¼3@76½ esa fuEukuqlkj Li’V fd;k x;k gS %&
vfXu esa fof/kiwoZd nh gqbZ vkgqfr lw;Z esa fLFkr gksrh gS] lw;Z ls
o`f’V gksrh gS] o`f’V ls vUu gksrk gS vkSj vUu ls iztk mRiUu
gksrh gSA
blh v/;k; eas Hkxoku dks viZ.k fd;s fcuk vUu xzg.k djus okys
dks pksj dh laKk nh xbZ gSA bldk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj gS &
rSnZÙkkuiznk;SH;ks ;ks Hkq³~Drs Lrsu ,o l% AA---------¼62½
vFkkZr~ mu nsoksa }kjk fn;s gq, Hkksxksa dks mUgas u nsdj ¼mudk _.k
u pqdkdj½ tks [kkrk gS & dsoy vius “kjhj vkSj bfUnz;ksa dks gh
rÌr djrk gS] og nsorkvksa ds LoRo dks gj.k djus okyk pksj gh
gS A
;Kf”k’V vUu xzg.k dk egRo
;Kf”k’Vkf”ku% lUrks eqP;Urs loZfdfYc’kS%A
HkqÄtrs rs Ro/ka ikik ;s ipUR;kRedkj.kkr~ AA 63AA
;Kf”k’V ¼;Kksa ds “ks’k dk uke ;Kf”k’V gS½ vUu dk Hkkstu djus
okys Js’B iq#’k gSa A vFkkZr~ nso;Kkfn djds mlls cps gq, ve`r
uked vUu dks Hk{k.k djuk ftudk LoHkko gS] os lc ikiksa ls
vFkkZr~ x`gLFk esa gksusokys pDdh] pwYgs vkfn ds ik¡p ikiksa ls
¼d.Mua is’k.ka pqYyh mndqEHkÜp ektZuhA iÄplwuk x`gLFkL;
iÄp;Kkr iz.k”;fr½ vkSj izekn ls gksus okys fgalkfntfur vU;
ikiksa ls Hkh NwV tkrs gSA rFkk tks mnjijk;.k yksx dsoy vius
fy, gh vUu idkrs gSa os Lo;a ikih gSa vkSj iki gh [kkrs gSaA
izk.kksa ds gou esa ifjfer vkgkj dh Hkwfedk
ifjfer Hkkstu djus okys izk.kksa dks ;kuh ok;q ds fHkUu&fHkUu Hksnksa
dks izk.kksa ls gh gou fd;k djrs gSa A rFkk %&
^^vikus tqOgfr izk.ka izk.ks·ikua rFkkijsA
izk.kkikuxrh #n~/ok izk.kk;keijk;.kk% AA 64AA
vFkkZr~ la;fer vkgkj djus okys ;ksxh izk.k dk izk.k eas gh gou
fd;k djrs gSA vr% ek=k;qDr vkgkj ¼ferkgkj½ dk egRo funsZf”kr
gksrk gSA

;ksxh dks lkQ&lqFkjs LFkku esa jgus dk funsZ”k ¼”kqpkS ns”ks izfr’BkI;½
djus ds i'pkr~ ;ksxflf) gsrq vkgkj dks mi;qDr ek=k esa xzg.k
djus dk funsZ”k nsrs gq, Hkxoku d`’.k dgrs gaS fd %&
ukR;ÜurLrq ;ksxks·fLr u pSdkUreuÜur% A
u pkfr LoIu”khyL; tkxzrks uSo pktqZu AA 65AA
gs vtqZu! vf/kd [kkus okys dk vFkkZr~ viuh “kfDr dk mYya?ku
djds “kfDr ls vf/kd Hkkstu djus okys dk ;ksx fl) ugha gksrk
A blh izdkj vf/kd lksus vFkok vf/kd tkxrs jgus okys dh Hkh
;ksx flf) ugha gksrhA
vf/kd lksus ;k tkxus dk izR;{k ifj.kke Hkh ikpd izfØ;k ij
iM+ ldrk gSA Jh-xh- esa bl laiw.kZ izfØ;k dk funsZ”k ,d= fd;k
gqvk mi;qDr izrhr gksrk gSA
;ksxh dk nq%[kuk”kd ;ksx fl) gksus ds fy;s Hkh blh izdkj dk
funsZ”k fd;k x;k gS %&
;qDrkgkjfogkjL; ;qDrps’VL; deZLrq A
;qDrLoIukocks/kL; ;ksxks Hkofr nq%[kgk AA 66AA
tks ;Fkk;ksX; vkgkj&fogkj ¼pyuk&fQjuk :i iSjksa dh fØ;k b½
djrk gS vkSj deksZa esa ftldh ps’Vk fu;fer ifjek.k ls gksrh gS]
ftldk lksuk vkSj tkxuk fu;r&dky esa ;Fkk;ksX; gksrk gS] ,sls
;ksxh dk nq%[kuk”kd ;ksx fl) gks tkrk gSA
HkfDriwoZd viZ.k fd;s x, vkgkj dk egÙo %&
Lo;a Hkxoku Jhd`’.k us “kkd] Qy] ty b- euq’; tkfr ds fy;s
tks ;ksX; vkgkj ¼”kkdkgkj½ gS mldk fo/kku fuEukuqlkj fd;k
gS%&
i=a iq’ia Qya rks;a ;ks es HkDR;k iz;PNfr A
rnga HkDR;qig`reÜukfe iz;rkReu% AA 67AA
Hkxoku dgrs gSa fd tks HkDr eq>s i=] iq"i] Qy vkSj ty vkfn
dqN Hkh oLrq HkfDriwoZd nsrk gS] ml iz;rkRek ¼”kq)cqf) HkDr½ ds
}kjk HkfDriwoZd viZ.k fd;s gq, os i=&iq’ikfn eSa ¼Lo;a½ [kkrk gw¡
vFkkZr~ xzg.k djrk gw¡A
buds vykok fd;s x, deZ] [kk;s tkus okys vUu b- dks Lo;a
Hkxoku dks lefiZr djus ds funsZ”k fuEukuqlkj gSa %&
;Rdjksf’k ;nÜukfl ;Ttqgksf"k nnkfl ;r~ A
;ÙkiL;fl dkSUrs; rRdq#’o eniZ.ke~ AA 68AA
gs dqUrhiq=! rw tks dqN Hkh deZ djrk gS] tks [kkrk gS] tks dqN
JkSr ;k LekrZ ;K:i gou djrk gS] tks dqN lqo.kZ vUukfn
lRik=ksa dks nku nsrk gS vkSj tks dqN ri dk vkpj.k djrk gS]
og lc eq>s lefiZr djA
oSÜokuj :i esa vUu&ikpu
Hkxoku dk Lo;a oSÜokuj :i /kkj.k dj vUu ikpu dh izfØ;k
dks lqyHk djus dk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj gS %&
vga oSÜokujks HkwRok izkf.kuka nsgekfJr% A
izk.kkikulek;qDr% ipkE;Uua prqfoZ/ke~ AA 69AA
¼c`gnkj.;d mifu’kn~ ¼5@9@1½ ds vuqlkj%&^^vge~ ,o oSÜokuj
mnjLFk% vfXu% HkwRok ^v;e~ vfXuoSZÜokujks ;ks·;eUr% iq#’kks
;susneUua iP;rs* bR;kfn Jqrs%**½
Li’Vhdj.k& eSa gh] isV esa jgus okyk tBjkfXu gksdj vFkkZr~ ^;g
vfXu oSÜokuj gS tks fd iq:’k ds Hkhrj fLFkr gS vkSj ftlls ;g
¼[kk;k gqvk½ vUu iprk gS] bR;kfn Jqfr;ksa ls ftldk o.kZu fd;k
x;k gS] og oSÜokuj gksdj] izkf.k;ksa ds “kjhj esa fLFkr&izfo’V
gksdj izk.k vkSj viku ls la;qDr gqvk Hk{;] HkksT;] ysgÓ vkSj
pks’;&,sls pkj izdkj ds vUuksa dks ipkrk gw¡ A
Jh- xh- of.kZr f=fo/k vkgkj dk o.kZu %& Hkkstu djus
okys lHkh euq’;ksa dks rhu izdkj ds vkgkj fiz;&:fpdj gksrs gSaA
Hkxoku dgrs gSa fd %&
^^vkgkjLRofi loZL; f=fo/kks Hkofr fiz;%** AA 70AA
vkgkj ds bu f=fo/k Hksnksa dk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj gS %&
vk;q % lÙocykjksX;lq[kizhfrfoo/kZuk% A
jL;k% fLuX/kk% fLFkjk â|k vkgkjk% lkfRodfiz;k%AA 71AA
vk;q] cqf)] cy] vkjksX;rk] lq[k vkSj izhfr] bu lcdks c<+kusokys
rFkk jL;&jl;qDr] fLuX/k&fpdus] fLFkj “kjhj esa cgqr dky rd
¼lkj:i ls½ jgus okys vkSj ân; dks fiz; yxusokys ¼,sls vkgkj
Hkkstu djus ds inkFkZ½ lkfRod iq#’k dks fiz;&b’V gksrs gSa AA

g-;ks-iz- esa Hkh blh izdkj ds Hkkstu dks vkpj.k esa ykus dh ckr
dgh xbZ gS %&
dV~oEyyo.kkR;q’.krh{.k:{kfonkfgu%A
vkgkjk jktlL;s’Vk nq%[k”kksdke;iznk%AA72AA
dM+o]s [kV~Vs] yo.k;qDr] vfrm’.k] rh{.k] :[ks vkSj nkgdkjd ,oa
nq%[k] fpUrk vkSj jksxksa dks mRiUu djus okys vFkkZr~ tks nq%[k]
“kksd vkSj jksxksa dks mRiUu djrs gksa ,sls vkgkj jktl iq#’k dks
fiz; gksrs gSaA
mijksDr vkgkj dks g-;ks-iz esa ^viF;e~* ds vUrxZr “kkfey fd;k
x;k gS A
;kr;kea xrjla iwfr i;qZf’kra p ;r~A
mfPN’Vefi pkes/;a Hkkstua rkelfiz;e~ AA73AA
;kr;ke&cklh] xrjl&jllfgr ¼lkjghu½] iwfr&nqxUZ /k;qDr vkSj
ckls vFkkZr~ ftldks ids gq, ,d jkr chr x;h gks] rFkk
mfPN’V&[kkus ds iÜpkr~ cpk gqvk vkSj ves/;&tks ;K ds ;ksX;
u gks] ,slk Hkkstu rkelh euq’;ksa dks fiz; gksrk gSA bl izdkj lHkh
;kSfxd xzaFk ;ksxkH;klh gsrq ^lkfRod vkgkj* ¼ferkgkj½ dh vuq”kalk
djrs gSaA

lanHkZ lwph
Øekad lanHkZ
1&3 gB;ksxiznhfidk & 1@12] 13] 15
4&8 gB;ksxiznhfidk & 1@58] 59] 60] 62] 63
9&10 lqJwr lafgrk & 46@140] 145
12&13 lqJwr lafgrk & 46@112] 87
14 lqJwr lafgrk & 45@66
16&17 lqJwr lafgrk & 46@37] 294
18&19 pjd lafgrk & 27@176] 21
20&23 lqJwr lafgrk & 46@5] 6] 7] 41
25&26 lqJwr lafgrk & 46@10] 338
28 Hkkoizdk”kfu?k.Vq&b{kqoxZ% & 29
30 lqJwr lafgrk & 45@132
32 Hkkoizdk”kfu?k.Vq&”kkdoxZ% & 70
35&36 pjd lafgrk & 27@23] 196
37&38 gB;ksxiznhfidk & 1@29] 31
39&40 gB;ksxiznhfidk & 2@14] 34
41&43 gB;ksxiznhfidk & 3@16] 67] 80
44&49 ?ksjaM lafgrk & iapeksins”k%@16&21
50&58 ?ksjaM lafgrk & iapeksins”k%@23&31
59 ?ksjaM lafgrk & izFkeksins”k%@20
60 ?ksjaM lafgrk & prqFkkZsins”k%@5
61&63 Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk & 3@14] 12] 13
64 Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk & 4@29
65&66 Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk & 6@16] 17
67&68 Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk & 9@26] 27
69 Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk & 15@14
70&73 Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk & 17@7] 8] 9] 10


izdj.k & 3
vk;qosZn esa of.kZr vkgkj dk foospu
izLrkouk %&
f=nks’k&okr] fiÙk] ,oa dQ ;s rhuksa “kjhj dh mRifÙk ds fy,
dkj.khHkwr gSaA “kq) “kqØ vkSj “kksf.kr esa okrkfn nks’kksa dk leok;
lEcU/k gksrk gSA blls xHkZ dk /kkj.k] iks’k.k] v³~x&izR;axksa dk
fodkl vkfn dk;Z mRifÙk gksrh gSA blfy;s okrkfn f=nks’k dks
f=LrEHk dgk x;k gSA D;ksafd ftl rjg rhu LrEHkksa ¼[kEHkksa½ ls
edku dk /kkj.k gksrk gS] mlh rjg f=nks’k “kjhj dk /kkj.k djrs
gSaA blh izdkj vkgkj] funzk vkSj czãp;Z bu rhuksa dks miLrEHk
dgk x;k gS %&
^^=; miLrEHkk bfr&vkgkj%] LoIuks] czãp;Zfefr** AA1AA
;gk¡ miLrEHk dk vFkZ pØikf.k ds vuqlkj &
tks iz/kku LrEHk ¼okrkfn nks’k½ ds lehi jgdj “kjhj dk /kkj.k
djrk gS] mls miLrEHk dgk x;k gSA =; miLrEHk esa vkgkj dks
izFke LrEHk dgk x;k gSA vkgkj “kjhj dks /kkj.k djus okys inkFkksZa
esa loZJs’B ekuk x;k gSA fgr vkgkj] “kjhj rFkk lq[k dh mRifÙk
dk vkSj vfgr vkgkj] jksx rFkk nq%[k dh mRifÙk dk dkj.k ekuk
tkrk gSA
3-1 vk;qosZn&iF;kiF;
vk;qosZn dk iz;kstu
vk;qosZn “kkL= ds nks iz;kstu gSa %&
1½ LoLFk euq’; ds LokLF; dh j{kk djuk rFkk
2½ jksxh euq’; ds jksx dk fuokj.k djuk A
budk o.kZu p-la- rFkk lq-la-esa Øe”k% fuEukuqlkj fd;k x;k gS%&
1½ iz;kstua pkL; LoLFkL; LokLF;j{k.kekrqjL; fodkjiz”keua p
AA2AA
2½ bg [kYok;qosZn iz;kstua&O;k/;qil`’Vkuka O;kf/kifjeks{k%
LoLFkL;j{k.ka pAA3AA
mijksDr of.kZr nksuksa iz;kstu thfor izk.kh ij gh fl) gks ldrs
gaSA blfy, bl foKku dk vk;qosZn ukedj.k fd;k x;k gSA ftl
foKku }kjk vk;q ds lEcU/k esa Kku izkIr gks mls vk;qoZsn dgrs
gSa A
p-la-esa bls fuEukuqlkj ifjHkkf’kr fd;k x;k gSa %&
^^vk;qosZn;rhR;k;qoZsn%**AA4AA
blh izdkj lq-la- esa vk;qosZn dh ifjHkk’kk fuEukuqlkj gS %&
^vk;qjfLeu~ fo|rs] vusu ok··;qfoZUnfUr* bR;k;qoZsn %AA5AA
,d vU; ifjHkk’kk esa egf’kZ pjd us bls fuEukuqlkj ifjHkkf’kr
fd;k gS %&
fgrkfgar lq[ka nq%[kek;qLrL; fgrkfgre~ A
ekuaa p rPp ;=ksäek;qosZn% l mP;rs AA 6AA
vk;qosZn dh ifjHkk’kk & ftl “kkL= esa 1- fgr] 2- vfgr] 3- lq[k
vkSj 4- nq%[k& bu pkj izdkj dh vk;q dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS(
vk;q ds fy, fdl rjg dk vkgkj ;k vkpkj fgrdj ;k vfgrdj
gS] bldk o.kZu fd;k x;k gks ( vk;q dk eku cryk;k x;k gks
¼vFkkZr~ fdl izd`fr dk] fdu y{k.kksa okyk] fdl rjg ds jksx
okyk rFkk fdl rjg dh cqf)&eu&ps’Vk okyk] fdl rjg ds
vkpkj&fopkj okyk O;fDr vYik;q ;k nh?kkZ;q gksrk gS] bldk
fopkj fd;k gks ½( vkSj vk;q fdls dgrs gSa \ mldk Lo:i D;k
gS \ bu lHkh fo’k;ksa dk ;qfä;qDr izdkj ls lqUnj o.kZu fd;k
x;k gks] mls ^vk;qosZn* dgrs gSaA
vk;q ds fy, fgr vkSj vfgr & vk;qosZnkuqlkj ¼iF;kiF;½ LoLFko`Ùk
ds mins”kksa dk ikyu] jksxksa ds jksxkuqlkj fpfdRlk dh O;oLFkk]
fnuppkZ&jkf=p;kZ&_rqp;Kz dk ikyu] iku&Hkkstu&O;k;ke&
vH;ax& Luku&funzk vkfn dk lfof/k iz;ksx rFkk vkpkjjlk;u
vkfn dk ikyu djuk vk;q’; gSA laØed jksxksa ds QSyus ij
ns”kR;kx fu;e] ozr vkSj LoPNrkiwoZd la;e ls jguk] _rqtU;
jksxksa ls cpus ds fy, olUr esa oeu] o’kkZ esa cfLr vkSj “kjn~ esa
fojspu djuk pkfg,A fgrdj vkgkj&fogkj lsou] “kCn&Li”kZ
&:i&jl&xU/k dk lE;d~ ;ksx] izkf.k;ksa ij n;k] eS=hHkko] LoPN
O;ogkj] lgu”khyrk vkSj vPNs yksxksa dh laxfr djuk fgrdj
gSA ftldh cqf) fueZy] ok.kh vkYgkne;h] onu izlUu] ân; esa
Lusg&d#.kk&n;k ds Hkko] eu fu;fU=r vkSj fu’iki gksrk gS] og
“kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld jksxksa ls vkØkUr ugha gksrk gSA mDr fgrdj
vkgkj&fogkj vkSj vkpj.k ds foijhr vkpj.k vfgrdj vkSj
viF; gksrk gSA
iF;kiF;&fooj.k
p-la- esa iF; o viF; dks fuEukuqlkj ifjHkkf’kr fd;k x;k gS %&
iF;a iFkks·uisra ;|PpksDra eul% fiz;e~ A
;Ppkfiz;eiF;a p fu;ra rUu y{k;sr~ AA7AA
tks vkgkj vkfn inkFkZ “kjhj ds L=ksrksa ds fy, vfgrdj u gks
vkSj eu ds fy, Hkh fiz; ¼fgrdj½ gks] bl izdkj “kjhj vkSj eu
nksuksa ds fy, tks fgrdkjd gks ,sls vkgkj&fogkj vkfn dks îF;*
dgrs gSaA blds foijhr tks vkgkj&fogkj “kjhj ds L=ksrksa ds fy,
rFkk eu ds fy, vfgrdj gks mls viF; dgrs gSaA ;s tks iF;
vkSj viF; crk;s x;s gSa] ;s loZFkk fuf”pr ugha gS A
iF; ;k viF; ek=k] dky] fØ;k ¼laLdkj@dj.k½ Hkwfe] nsg ,oa
nks’kksa ds xq.kksa esa ifjorZu gksus s ls iF; ;k viF; xq.k izkIr dj
ysrk gS A
ek=kdkyfØ;kHkwfensgnks’kxq.kkUrje~A
izkI; rÙkf) n`”;Urs rs rs HkkokLrFkk rFkkAA 8AA
mnkgj.k %
e/kqjkfn jl fiz; gksrs gq, Hkh vfiz; gks ldrk gS vkSj frDrkfn
nzO; vfiz; gksrs gq, Hkh fiz; gks ldrk gS A
1- ek=kizHkko & ?k`r mfpr ek=k esa iF; dgk x;k gSA fdUrq
vfrek=k esa og vfgrdj ¼viF;½ gks tkrk gS A
2- dkyizHkko & olUr _rq esa ?k`r dh mfpr ek=k Hkh viF; gks
tkrh gS A
3- fØ;k izHkko & e/kq ;k ngh dks vfXu lEidZ esa ykuk] laLdkj
fo:) gS A
4- nsg izHkko & LFkwy O;fä es]a LFkwy izegs h esa ?k`r viF; gS A
iF; vkSj viF; “kCnksa dk mi;ksx T;knkrj jksxkas ds fgrdj
vkgkj&fogkj esa crk;k x;k gS A fgr vkSj vfgr “kCnksa dk mi;ksx
LokLF; ds lEcU/k esa mi;ksx esa yk;k x;k gSA

iF;kiF; foospu esa D;k fgrdj gS o vfgrdj gS] bls le>uk
vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSA bl laca/k esa Hkxoku vk=s; us vfXuos”k ls
dgk gS fd %&
tks vkgkj nzO; ¼vkgkj lewg½] leku ek=k esa jgus okyh “kjhj dh
/kkrqvksa ¼okr] fiÙk] dQ ,oa jl] jDr vkfn½ dks lkE;koLFkk
¼izd`fr½ esa gh j[krk gS vkSj fo’ke ek=k esa jgus okyh “kkjhfjd
/kkrqvksa dks lefLFkfr esa ykrk gS og vkgkj fgr vkgkj gSA
blds foijhr tks vkgkj nzO; le /kkrq dks fo’ke djs vkSj fo’ke
/kkrqvksa dks vf/kd fo’ke cuk ns]a mUgsa vfgrdj tkuuk pkfg,A
;g fgrdj rFkk vfgrdj vkgkj dk mÙke y{k.k gS] ftldk dksbZ
viokn ugha gSA
p-la- esa fujarj lsouh; vkgkj nzO;ksa dk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj fd;k
x;k gS %&
‘kf’VdkÄNkfyeqn~xkaÜp lSU/kokeyds ;oku~A
vkUrjh{ka i;% lfiZtkZM~-xyaa e/kq pkH;lsr~AA 9AA
vFkkZr~ lkBh dk pkoy] “kkfy pkoy] ew¡x dh nky] ls/a kk ued]
vk¡oyk] tkS dk vkVk] vkdk”k dk ty] nw/k] taxyh i”kq&if{k;ksa
dk ekal vkSj e/kq dk yxkrkj iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
;gk¡ mYys[kuh; gS fd buesa ls ekal b- dks ;kSfxd&vkgkj esa oT;Z
ekuk x;k gS o “ks’k yxHkx lHkh nzO;ksa dks iF;kgkj esa funsZf”kr
fd;k x;k gSA
blh lanHkZ esa LokLF;&laj{k.k rFkk jksxeqfDrdj mins”k fuEukuqlkj
fd;k x;k gS%&
rPp fuR;a iz;qÄthr LokLF;a ;sukorZrs A
vtkrkuka fodkjk.kkeuqRifÙkdja p ;r~AA 10AA
vFkkZr~ ftl vkgkj&fogkj ls LokLF; dk vuqikyu gksrk gS vkSj
tks vkgkj&fogkj vc rd u mRi™k gq, fodkjksa dks mRi™k u gksus
ns] mudk fuR; iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
Li’Vhdj.k %& bl “yksd esa la{ksir% LokLF; ikyu ds fu;e dk
mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] ftlls LokLF; dk ^;ksx{kse* cuk jgsA
vFkkZr~ LokLF; dk;e jgs] mldk iks’k.k gksrk jgs vkSj “kjhj ds
{kh;ek.k /kkrqvksa dks iks’kd rRo izkIr gksrs jgsAa ¼iwoZfLFkfr dks
dk;e j[kuk {kse dgk tkrk gS& ^jf{krL; j{k.ka {kse%*] rFkk tks
ugha gS mls izkIr djuk ;ksx dgykrk gS & ^vyC/kykHkks ;ksx%*A½
LokLF; dk ikyu nks izdkj ls fd;k tkrk gS & ¼1½ ,sls vkgkj
rFkk vkpkj dk ikyu djuk] ftlls LokLF; cuk jgs vkSj “kjhj
ds {kh;ek.k /kkrqvksa dk iks’k.k gksrk jgs] ,oa ¼2½ LokLF; fo?kkrd
vFkkZr~ vLokLF;dj ,oa jksxksRiknd dkj.kksa ls “kjhj dh j{kk
djukA bUgh nksuksa ckrks dh vksj mijksDr “yksd esa /;ku fnyk;k
x;k gSA
bl izdkj mDr “yksd ds v/kkZa”k dk rkRi;Z gS fd vk;qosZn dk
tks izFke iz;kstu ^LokLF; j{k.ke~* dgk x;k gS] mldh egÙkk dks
Lohdkj dj LoLFko`Ùk ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg,] ftlls
v{kq..k:i ls LokLF;&lEink dk;e jgsA
“yksd ds mÙkjk/kZ esa ;g dgk gS fd tks jksx mRi™k ugha gq, gS os
mRi™k gh u gka]s bl fn”kk esa Hkh lps’V jguk pkfg,A ftl izdkj
nhid dks izTofyr j[kus ds fy, mlesa rSy vkSj ckrh nsdj mls
izTofyr j[kk tkrk gS vkSj rst gok ds >ksd a s ls Hkh mldh j{kk
dh tkrh gS rkfd cq> u tk;s] mlh izdkj “kjhj ds LokLF; ds
iks’kd fu;eksa ds ikyu ds lkFk gh LokLF; fo?kkrd dkj.kksa dk
ifjgkj djuk Hkh vko”;d gSA
iF;kiF; esa ek=kor~ vkgkj dh Hkwfedk egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA pa-la-
esa ek=k ds vuqlkj vkgkj ls ykHk dk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj fd;k
x;k gS %&
ek=kon~/;”kuef”kreuqigR; izd`fra&
cyo.kZlq[kk;q’kk ;kst;R;qi;ksDrkjeo”;fefrAA11AA
vFkkZr~ ek=k ds vuqlkj fy;k x;k vkgkj izd`fr dks gkfu u
igq¡pkdj Hkkstu djus okys dks fu”p; gh cy] o.kZ] lq[k ¼vkjksX;½
vkSj vk;q ¼iw.kkZ;q½ ls lEi™k cukrk gSA ek=k ds vfrfjDr dky]
fØ;k] nks’k b- Hkh iF;kiF; dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA bls fuEu
mnkgkj.k }kjk le>k tk ldrk gS %&
mnkgj.k %&
ek=k& jDr”kkyh vR;Ur vYi ek=k esa y?kq xq.k ;qDr gS vkSj
vR;Ur vf/kd ek=k esa og viF; gS A
dky & jDr”kkyh] y?kqxq.k ds dkj.k LoLFk O;fDr ds fy, fgrdj
gS] ysfdu gseUr _rq esa vfgrdj gSA
fØ;k & jDr”kkyh ls vksnu cukrs le;] ikuh ls LoPN ugha fd;k
gks] LoPN djus ds ckn ikuh fujgj.k ¼izl`r½ u fd;k gks] vfXu
rIr u fd;k gks] ,slk vksnu xq# gksrk gSA
ns”k & jDr”kkyh y?kqxq.k ;qDr gS] ogh vkuqins”k esa mRi™k gksus
ls og xq#xq.k ;qDr gks tkrk gS A
nsg & vkuwi ns”kh; jDr”kkyh LFkwy O;fDr esa vfgrdj gSA
nks’k & jDr”kkyh y?kqxq.k ds dkj.k okr c<+krk gS] tks okrizd`fr
iq#’k ds fy;s vfgrdj gSA
iq:’k & ;g ok/kZD; esa okriz/kku gksdj jDr”kkyh y?kq gksus ls
vfgrdj gSA g-;ks-iz- b- ;ksx&xzUFkksa esa of.kZr vkgkj&nzO;ksa dk
vk;qosZn xzUFkksa ¼p-la-]v-â-lw-b-½ eas iF;kiF; ¼fgrkfgr½ vkgkj ds
:i esa o.kZu layXu lkj.kh esa fufZnZ’V fd;k x;k gS %&
;ksxxzaFkksa esa of.kZr vkgkj nzO;ksa dk vk;qosZnkuqlkj o.kZu gsrq
layXu lkj.kh -------------------- ¼n½
3-2 vkgkjfof/kfo”ks’kk;ru
r= [kfYoekU;’Vkokgkjfof/kfo”ks’kk;rukfu HkofUr( r|Fkk

&izd`frdj.kla;ksxjkf”kns”kdkyksi;ksxlaLFkksi;ksD=’Vekfu
¼HkofUr½AA12AA
izd`fr dj.k a;ksx jkf”k ns”k dky mi;ksxlaLFkk mi;ksäk
vkgkj ds izdkj ¼fof/k½ ds fgrRo rFkk vfgrRo ¼fo”ks’k½ ds dkj.k

;s vkB gksrs gaS( ;Fkk&1] izd`fr] 2- dj.k] 3- la;ksx] 4- jkf”k] 5-
ns”k] 6- dky] 7- mi;ksxlaLFkk] vkSj 8- mi;ksäkA

¼1½ izÑfr ¼Nature½&LokHkko dks izd`fr dgrs gSaA vkgkjnzO;ksa
vkSj vkS’k/knzO;ksa dk tks xq#&y?kq vkfn xq.kksa ls ;qä gksuk gS] ogh
mudh LokHkkfod xq#rk] y?kqrk vkfn izd`fr gS( ;Fkk&mM+n LoHkko
ls xq# vkSj ew¡x LoHkko ls y?kq gksrk gSA
¼2½ dj.k ¼Processing½&LokHkkfod ¼iz—frfl)½ xq.kkaas ls ;qä
nzO;ksa dk tks laLdkj fd;k tkrk gS] mls dj.k dgrs gSaA nzO;ksa esa
fdUgha fo”ks’k xq.kksa dks ykuk laLdkj dgykrk gSA ty dk la;ksx]
vfXu dk la;ksx] “kq) djuk ¼/kksuk½] eFkuk] ns”k] dky] lqokflr
djuk] Hkkouk nsuk] dkizd’kZ ¼le; dh izrh{kk djuk½ vkSj fo”ks’k
izdkj ds ik=kas esa j[kdj mu xq.kksa dk vk/kku fd;k tkrk gSA
oäO;& nzO;ksa ds izk—r xq.kksa dks u’V dj u;s xq.kkssa dk lféos”k
djuk ^dj.k * gS( nwljs “kCnksa esa bls laLdkj dgrs gSaA laLdkj
djus esa tks uohu xq.kksa dk vk/kku fd;k tkrk gS] mlds
lk/kd&lk/ku fHké&fHké izdkj ds gksrs gSa( ;Fkk&tyla;ksx&
dfBu nzO;ksa dks ty esa fHkxksdj ;k ihldj dksey cuk;k tkrk
gS ;k ngh easa ty feykdj eëk cukdj mls “khr vkSj gydk
fd;k tkrk gSA rh{.k vklo] vfj’V ;k fljdk vkfn eaas ty
feykdj mls e`nq is; cuk;k tkrk gSA vfXula;ksx&véksa dks vkx
ij idkdj muds xq#Ro dks gVk dj gydk cuk fy;k tkrk gSA
pkoy dk Hkkr ;k /kku dk ykok ;k vU; HkftZr vé xq#rk
NksM+dj y?kq gks tkrs gSaSA “kkSp& “kks/ku djds nzO;ksa ds nks’kkas dks
nwj dj mUgsa funksZ’k vkSj xzká cuk fy;k tkrk gSA eUFku&ngh
“kksFkdkjd gS] fdUrq Nkyh dss lkFk eFk nsus ij og “kksFkuk”kd gks
tkrh gSA ns”k& ns”k &fo”ks’k esa j[kus ls xq.kk/kku gksrk gS( tSls&
vyx&vyx ns”kksa esa jgus ls tkaxy] vkuwi vkSj lk/kkj.k ns”kksa ds
oklh thoksa ds ekal ds xq.kksa esa vUrj gksrk gSA dky&tSls ,d
o’kZ dk iqjkuk pkoy gydk gks tkrk gS vkSj ogh u;k gksus ij
xq# gksrk gSaSA jl&HkLe Hkh iqjkus vf/kd xq.k”kkyh gksrs gSaA oklu&
tSls dsoM+k ;k xqykc ds Qwy ls vuqokflr ty lqxfU/kr vkSj
fiÙkuk”kd] nkg vkSj r`’.kk uk”kd gksrk gSA Hkkouk& fo’k dh
ekjdrk nwj djus ds fy, mlesa xksew= dh Hkkouk nh tkrh gS
vkSj mldh ekjdrk {kh.k gks tkrh gSA dkyizd’kZ& vklokfj’V
dk lU/kku djus ij 2 ls 4 lIrkg ckn gh og r¸;kj gks ikrk
gS vkSj mlesa vklo ds xq.k mRié gksrs gSaA Hkktu& ¼ik=½ f=Qyk
ds dYd dks ykSgik= ij ysi dj lw[kus ds i”pkr~ fudky dj
iz;ksx djus ls og jlk;u gks tkrk gSA blh izdkj vkS’k/kksa dh
vusd izdkj dh dYiuk,¡ djuk] izfØ;k,¡ Hkh xq.kkUrjk/kku ds fy,
dh tkrh gSaA
¼3½ la;ksx ¼Combination½&nks ;k nks ls vf/kd cgqqr&ls nzO;ksa dk
,d lkFk feyuk ^la;ksx* dgykrk gSA og la;ksx ,sls fo”ks’k /keZ
;k dk;Z dks mRié djrk gS ¼tks ml la;ksx esa feys gq, fdlh
nzO; esa igys ugha ns[kk x;k½ ftldks la;ksx esa jgus okys nzO;ksa
esa ls dksbZ vdsys ugha dj ldrk gS( tSls&e/kq vkSj ?k`rA bu nksuksa
esa ls dksbZ ekjd ugha gS] fdUrq leek=k esa feyus ij budk la;ksx
fo’krqY; ekjd gks tkrk gSA oSls gh e/kq] eNyh vkSj nw/k dk
la;ksx dq’Bdkjd gks tkrk gSA
¼4½ jkf”k ¼Quantity½& jkf”k dk vFkZ izek.k gS A jkf”k ds nks izdkj
gSa&1- loZxzg vkSj 2- ifjxzgA ek=kiwoZd vkgkj ;k vkS’k/k xzg.k
djus ds “kqHkQy dk fu”p; djus ij gksus okys v”kqHkQy dk
fu”p; djus ds fy, jkf”k ¼izek.k½ Kku dh mi;ksfxrk gSA
Hkkstu&nzO;ksa ¼pkoy&nky&lCth&ngh&?kh vkfn½ esa ls vyx
&vyx ¼pkoy&nky vkfn½ fdlh vuqikr ls lHkh véksa ;k HkksT;
inkFkksZa esa ls u ysdj ;ksa gh Hkkstu&nzO;ksa esa ls ,d ifjek.k esa
dgha ls dksbZ oLrq ys ysuk ^loZxzg* gS vkSj vkgkj&nzO;ksa esa ls
¼mnkgj.kkFkZ rhu lkS xzke pkoy] lkS xzke nky] nks lkS xzke lCth]
lkS xzke ngh ,oa½ ,d&,d dks fuf”pr izek.k esa ysuk îfjxzg*
dgykrk gSA lcdks feykdj ,d ek=k ¼ik¡p lkS xzke½ ysuk
^loZxzg* gS vkSj lc inkFkksZa esa ls fuf”pr ek=k esa ysdj Hkkstu
djuk îfjxzg* gSA ¼tSls& Hkkstu ds la;qä inkFkksZa esa ls dksbZ Hkh
,d&nks oLrq ysdj ik¡p lkS xzke [kk ysukA½ loZxzg gS vkSj pkoy
rhu lkS xzke] nky ,d lkS xzke] lCth ipkl xzke vkSj ngh
ipkl xzke&bl izdkj lc nzO;ksa esa ls ,d fu;r izek.k esa ysdj
Hkkstu djuk ifjxzg gS A

5½ ns”k ¼Place½&vkgkjnzO; rFkk miHkksDrk ds mRifÙkLFkku dks ns”k
dgrs gSaA nzO;ksa dh mRifÙk dgk¡ fdl ns”k esa gqbZ gS] bl Kku ls
nzO;ksa ds xq.k dk Kku gksrk gS tSls fgeky; ds HkwHkkx esa mRiUu
vkgkj ;k vkS’k/k nzO; xq# gksrk gS vkSj e:Hkwfe esa mRiUu y?kq
gskrk gSA tks i”kq pyrs&fQjrs gSa] lk/kj.k ns”k esa jgrs gSa vkSj Je
djrs gSa mudk ekal y?kq gksrk gSA ns”k lkRE; ds vuqlkj vkuwi
ns”koklh euq’;ksa dks m’.k vkSj :{k inkFkZ vuqdwy gksrs gSa vkSj
tkaxyoklh tuksa ds fy, “khr vkSj fLuX/k inkFkZ vuqdwy iMrs
gaSA bl izdkj ns”k dh n`f’V ls vkgkj inkFkksZa dk fu”p; gksrk
gSA
6½ dky ¼Time½ &dky nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa( ;Fkk&1- fuR;x vkSj
2- vkofLFkd A buesa ls vkofLFkd dky fodkj ¼jksx½ dh voLFkk
dk fopkj djrk gS vkSj fuR;x _rq ds lkRE; ¼vuqdwyrk½ ij
fopkj djrk gSA tSls %& Toj&rhu lIrkg rd yxkrkj cuk
jgusokyk Toj th.kZToj dgk tkrk gSA blesa Iyhgko`f) vkSj
vfZXuekU| gksrk gSA blesa nw/k dk iz;ksx ve`r ds leku ykHkizn
gksrk gS] ijUrq uoToj esa nw/k dk iz;ksx vfgrdj gksrk gSA ;gk¡
dky dk fopkj jksx dks n`f"V esa j[kdj fd;k x;k gS] ;g
vkofLFkd dky gSA LoLFko`Ùk ds lanHkZ esa tks _rqvksa ds vuqlkj
vkgkj vkfn dh O;oLFkk gksrh gS] og fuR;x dky dk fopkj gSA
vkgkj ds fu”p; esa nksuksa izdkj ds dkyksa dk fopkj djuk
vko”;d gSA
7½ mi;ksx laLFkk ¼Rules of Use½&mi;ksx laLFkk dk vFkZ
gS&mi;ksx dk fu;eA ;g Hkkstu ds ip tkus dh vis{kk djrk
gSA ¼tc 'kq) Mdkj vk;s] mRlkg gks] ey&ew= mfpr :i esa izo`Ùk
gks]a “kjhj esa gydkiu gks] Hkw[k vkSj I;kl yxs rks ;g vkgkj ds
ip tkus dk y{k.k gSA½ vkgkj fdruk] dc] fdl izdkj dk fd;k
tk;\ ;g lc fu;e miHkksDrk dh ikpu&”kfDr ij fuHkZj gS]
D;ksafd vth.kZ jgus ij iqu% Hkkstu nks"kizdksid gksrk gSA m".k]
fLuX/k] ek=kiwoZd vkfn tks vkgkjfo/kku ds fu;e gSa] os Hkh
mi;ksxlaLFkk ls lEc) gksrs gSAA

8½ mi;ksäk ¼Consumer½&ml vkgkj dk tks miHkksx djrk gS mls
mi;ksäk dgrs gSaA ftlds v/khu vksdlkRE; gS ¼yxkrkj [kkrs
jgus ls tks inkFkZ iF; ;k viF; fdlh O;fä ds vuqdwy iM+
tkrk gS] og mldk vksdlkRE; vFkkZr~ vH;kllkRE; dgk tkrk
gSA fdlh Hkh inkFkZ dk O;fä ds vuqdwy gksuk cgqr dqN mldh
yxkrkj izo`fÙk ij fuHkZj gSA vr% vkgkj dk fu”p; mi;ksäk dh
vknr] vH;kl] izd`fr vkSj cky] ;qok ;k o`)koLFkk vkfn dk
fopkj dj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
v"Vfo/k fo”ks"kk;ru ds ykHk& ;s vkB izdkj ds Hksn “kqHk Qy nsus
okys ¼tSls izd`fr ls y?kq nzO;½ vkSj v”kqHk Qy nsusokys ¼tSls
izd`fr ls xq# nzO;½ rFkk vkil esa ,d&nwljs ds tks midkjd
gksrs gSa] mu lcdks tkuuk pkfg, vkSj tkudj tks fgr gks mlh
dh bPNk djuh pkfg,A rFkk izekn ls fiz; yxus okys] fdUrq
ifj.kke esa vfgrdj nq%[kizn fdlh Hkh izdkj ds vkgkj&fogkj b-
dk lsou ugha djuk pkfg,A
vkgkj&fof/k ¼Method of Meal½
m".ka fLuX/ka ek=koTth.ksZ oh;kZfo#)fe"Vs ns”ks b"VloksZidj.ka
ukfrn`ra ukfrfoyfEcre~ vtYiu~] vglu~ rUeuk HkqÄthr
vkRekuefHkleh{; lE;d~AA13AA
vkgkjfof/k&fo/kku dk Lo:i&m".k] fLuX/k] ek=kiwoZd Hkkstu ds
ip tkus ij tks ijLij fo#) oh;Z vkgkjnzO; u gks]a mldk
euks@uqdwy LFkku esa] vuqdwy lk/kuksa ls lEiUu] u cgqr “kh?kzrk
ls u cgqr eUnxfr ls] fcuk cksyrs gq,] fcuk g¡lrs gq,] viuh
ikpu{kerk] #fp vkSj fgr dk vPNh rjg fopkj dj] rYyhurk
ds lkFk ,dkxzfpÙk gksdj lsou djuk pkfg,A
bldk foospu fuEukuqlkj gSa %&
1½ m".k Hkkstu%& xje Hkkstu xzg.k djus ls tBjkfXu iznhIr gksrh
gSA blds vykok vUu dk “kh?kz ikpu gksdj ok;q dk vuqykseu
gksrk gS rFkk dQ gk “kks"k.k gksrk gSA ,slk Hkkstu Lokfn"V Hkh
gksrk gSA
2½ fLuX/k Hkkstu%& blesa eankfXu iznhIr gksrh gSA ,slk Hkkstu #fp
mRiUu djus okyk gksrk gS o blls ikpu 'kh?kz gskrk gSA fLuX/k
Hkkstu ls ok;q dk vuqykseu gksrk gS o 'kjhj dh iqf’V gksrh gSA
blds vykok cyo`f) o lkSan;Zo`f) Hkh gksrh gSA
3½ ek=kiwoZd Hkkstu%& ek=kiwoZd vkgkj ds lsou ls rhu nks"kksa dh
lkE;koLFkk vckf/kr jgdj vk;qo`f) gksrh gSA ,sls vkgkj dk ikpu
lgt gksrk gSA ey dk vuqykseu gksrk gSA vr% ek=kiwoZd lsou
vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSA
fofHkUu ;ksfxd xzaFkksa esa blh dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA
4½ iwoZ esa xzg.k fd;s x;s vkgkj dk ikpu gksus ij gh iqu% Hkkstu
djsa %& blls vthZ.kkfn O;kf/k ugha gksrs hA nks"kksa dh fLFkfr ;Fkkor
jgrh gSA tBjkfXu iznhIr gksdj Hkkstu djus dh bPNk mRiUu
gksrh gSA /kkrqvksa dh lE;d o`f) gksdj vk;q] cy o o.kZ dh o`f)
gksrh gSA
5½ oh;Zfo#) Hkkstu%& vkgkj nzO;ksa dk oh;Z ijLij fojks/kh ugha
gksuk pkfg, D;ksafd mlls dq"B] foliZ bR;kfn O;kf/k;k¡ gksrh gSaA
mnk- 1½ ?k`r&e/kqA 2½ nw/k&eRL;A ;s nksuksa e/kqj jlkRed gksdj
nw/k 'khr oh;kZRed o eRL; m".koh;kZRed gSA vr% budk ,d=
lsou djus ls O;kf/k;k¡ mRiUu gksrh gSaA vr% ijLij foijhr
oh;Z;qDr vkgkj dk lsou u djsAa
6½ b"Vns”ks ¼;ksX; LFkku½ %& ,sls LFkku ij Hkkstu xzg.k djus ls
ikpu izfØ;k lqyHk gksrh gSA blh n`f’V ls ;ksx xzaFkksa esa ^lqjkT;s
/kkfeZds ns”ks* b- dk funsZ”k fd;k x;k gSA
7½ Hkkstu lkexzh ;qDr vkgkj %& euksuqdwy ¼lkQ&lqFkjs o ;ksX;½
ik=ksa esa Hkkstu Hkh ikpu izfØ;k esa ykHknk;h gksrk gSA
8½ vfr”kh?kz Hkkstu %& vfr “kh?kzrk ls Hkkstu djus ls vUu dk
O;ofLFkr poZ.k u gksdj ml ij ;ksX; izfØ;k u gksus ls vUu
dk O;ofLFkr ikpu ugha gksrkA blls “oklufydk esa vUud.k
tkdj leL;k mRiUu gks ldrh gSA ,sls xzg.k fd;s x;s Hkkstu
ls vkyl Hkh vkrk gSA
9½ vfrfoyfEcr Hkkstu %& vR;ar /kheh xfr ls Hkkstu djus ls
vUu dh r`fIr ugha gksrhA vkgkj vf/kd ek=k esa xzg.k fd;k tkrk
gSA vkgkjh; inkFkZ BaMs gks tkrs gSa ftlls ;ksX; ikpu ugh gksrkA

10½ o 11½ vtYiu~ vglu~&rUeuk HkqÄthr %& fcuk cksys&g¡ls]
,dkxz fpr ls Hkkstu xzg.k djus dk lai.w kZ vkgkj izfØ;k ij
vPNk ifj.kke gksrk gSA
12½ vkRekuefHkleh{; %& Lo;a dh 'kkjhfjd izd`fruqlkj o
'kfDruqlkj dkSulk nzO; fgrdj gS o dkSulk vfgrdj b- dk
fopkj dj Hkkstu xzg.k djuk ykHknk;h gksrk gSA
blfy, viuh vuqdwyrk dk fopkj vPNh izdkj ls djds
Hkkstu xzg.k djuk mi;qDr gksrk gSA ;ksx xzaFkksa esa Hkh êuks·uqdwy*
vkgkj b- dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA
}kn”k v”ku izfopkj ¼vkgkj foHkkx½
r= “khrks".kfLuX/k#{knzo”kq’dSddkfydf}dkfydkS"k/k&
&;qDrek=kghunks"kiz”keuo`Ù;FkkZ AA14AA
O;fDr dh “kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld voLFkkvksa dks ns[kdj ;gk¡ 12
v”ku ¼vkgkj½ izfopkj ¼foHkkx½ of.kZr gSaA
1½ “khr vkgkj%&
r`".kk] m".krk] en] nkg] jDrfiÙk] fo"kihMk] ewPNkZ] eSFkqu ds dkj.k
{kh.k jksfx;ksa esa “khr vkgkj mi;ksx }kjk ykHk gksrk gSA mnk %&
xks/kwe] “kkfypkoy] "kkf’Vd “kkfy] eqn~x] nqX/k] nkfMe] nzk{kk] dsyk
vkfn “khroh;ZnzO;A
2½ m".k vkgkj%&
m".k vkgkj ds lsou ;ksX; jksxh mnkgj.k
dQ vkSj okr jksxh dqyFk
fofjDr ¼ftUgksua s fojspu fd;k gks½ 'kgn
Lusg ih;s gq, O;fDr equDdk
Dysn jfgr O;fDr esa v[kjksV] iÄodksy
3½ fLuX/k vkgkj%&
fLuX/kkgkj lsou ds ;ksX; jksxh mnkgj.k
vUu
okrO;kf/k ls ihfM+r mM+n
okrizd`fr iq#"k xks/kwe
:{k “kjhj O;fDr Tokj

is;
O;k;ke vkSj O;ok; {kh.k O;fDr nqX/k
/k`r
rSy
olk
eTtk] ekaljl
4½ :{k vkgkj%&
:{k vkgkj ds ;ksX; jksxh mnkgj.k
vUu
esnLoh O;Drh puk
fLuX/k nsg okyk ;o
izesg ihfMr O;fDr cktjk vkfn
is;
xkse=
w ] m".kksnd] “kgn
5½ nzo vkgkj %&
nzokgkj ds ;ksX; jksxh mnkgj.k
vUu
“kq"d O;fDr] r`".kk ihfMr ;okxq
nqcZy O;fDr eqn~x ;w"k
nqX/kiku
is;
ekaljl] ukfj;y ikuh] Qyksa dk jl ¼larjk] ekslca h vkfn½
6½ 'kq"d vkgkj%&
'kq"dkgkj ds ;ksX; jksxh mnkgj.k
vUu
izesg ihfMr O;fDr a ;o
dq"B] foliZ] oz.k esa cktjk
dksnk] puk
7½ ,ddkfyd vkgkj%& nqcy Z O;fDr dsk] vfXu o/kZukFkZA
8½ f}dkfyd vkgkj%& lekfXu O;fDr dks nks ckj vkgkj nsuk
pkfg,A

9½ vkS"kf/k;qDr vkgkj%& vkS"k/k }s"k O;fDr esa] vkgkj ds lkFk vkS"k/k
fefJr djds mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A
10½ ek=kghu%& eUnkfXu jksxh dks vYi ;k ghu ek=k esa vkgkj
nsuk pkfg,A
11½ nks"k iz”keu vkgkj%& _rqvksa esa ;Fkk nks"k dqfir vkgkj lsouA
mnkgj.k&olUr _rq esa dQ nks"k izdksi gksrk gS] blfy, :{k
vkSj m".k vkgkj lsouA
12½ o`Ù;FkZ % LoLFk iq:"k ds fy,A ¼LoLFk o`Ù;FkZ vkgkj½ftudh
/kkrq le gksA
3-3 _rqp;kZ&fnup;kZ b-
euq"; dks thouHkj LoLFk jgus ds fy, fnup;kZ] jkf=p;kZ o
_rqp;kZ dk ikyu djuk vko”;d gSA ge iwoZ esa blh v/;k; esa
ns[k pqds gS fd ek=kiwoZd vkgkj djus ls cy] o.kZ vkSj vk;q dh
o`f) gksrh gS( fdUrq o"kkZ] “khr ;k m".k _rqvksa esa ek=kiwoZd Hkkstu
djus ij cy&o.kZ vkSj ok;q dh o`f) rks nwj jgh] ek=k”kh O;fDr
chekj iM+ tkrs gSaA blfy, bl vk”kadk dks feVkus ds fy, vkSj
;g crykus ds fy, fd og ek=kiwoZd vkgkj rÙkr~ _rqvksa ds
vuqdwy gksus ij gh cy&o.kZo/kZd gksrk gS] vU;Fkk ughaA mu&mu
_rqvksa esa fdl&fdl izdkj dk vkgkj&fogkj vuqdwy iM+rk
gS&bR;kfn ckrksa dks fuEukuqlkj Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gS %&
_rq ds vuqdwy vkgkj&fogkj ls ykHk %& tks O;fä ;g tkurk
gS fd fdl _rq esa fdl izdkj dk fogkj ¼O;ok;&O;k;ke&
vH;ax&funzk vkfn½ vkSj vkgkj vuqdwy iM+rk gS rFkk rnuqlkj
gh vkgkj fogkj djrk gS] mlh iq#’k ds ek=kiqoZd vf”kr] ihr]
yh< ;k [kkfnr vkgkj ls mlds cy vkSj o.kZ dh o`f) gksrh gSA
laoRlj ds foHkkx ,oa izfoHkkx %& _rqvksa ds foHkkx ls laoRlj
¼o’kZ½ dks 1- o’kkZ] 2- “kjn~] 3- gseUr] 4- f”kf”kj] 5- olUr vkSj 6-
xzh’e & bu N% vaxksa okyk tkuuk pkfg,A buesa ls f”kf”kj] olUr
vkSj xzh’e & bu rhu _rqvksa esa lw;Z mÙkj fn”kk esa tkrk gS] vr%
bu rhu _rqvksa ds dky dks ^mÙkjk;.k* ;k ^vknku* tkuuk pkfg,
vkSj o’kkZ] “kjn~ rFkk gseUr & bu rhu _rqvksa esa lw;Z nf{k.k fn”kk
esa tkrk gS] blfy, bu rhuksa _rqvksa ds dky dks ^nf{k.kk;u* ;k
^folxZ* tkuuk pkfg,A
folxZ rFkk vknku dky & folxZ dky eas ok;q vf/kd :[kh ugha
gksrh vkSj vknku dky esa cgqr :[kh jgrh gSA folxZ dky
¼nf{k.kk;u½ esa pUnzek iw.kZ cy”kkyh gksrk gS vkSj viuh “khry
jf”e;ksa ls leLr Hkwe.My dks Hkj nsrk gS] ftlls txr~ dk
izk.kh&izk.kh lUrÌr gks tkrk gS] blhfy, ^folxZ* dks ^lkSE;* dgk
tkrk gSA ^vknku* dks rks ^vkxzs;* dgk tkrk gSA lw;Z] ok;q vkSj
pUnzek] dky LoHkko ¼lw;Z dk tyh;ka”k “kks’k.k] ok;q dk fo:{k.k]
pUnz dk r`fIrnku½ rFkk vius fu;e ekxZ ¼nf{k.k vkSj mÙkj½
o”khHkwr gksdj dky ¼laoRlj :i½] _rq ¼o’kkZ vkfn½] jl ¼e/kqj
vkfn½] nks’k ¼okrkfn½ vkSj nsgcy ¼mÙke&e/;e&v/ke½ dh mRifÙk
esa dkj.k dgs tkrs gSaA
vknkudky esa euq’;kas ds nkScZY; dk dkj.k %& vknkudky esa lw;Z
viuh fdj.kksa ls lalkj ds Lusgka”k ¼tyh; va”k½ dks ys ysrk gs]
ftlls ok;q,¡ rhoz vkSj vf/kd :{k gksdj lalkj ds Lusg Hkkx
djrh gqbZ vkSj :{k jl] ¼frä] d’kk; vkSj dVq½ dks c<+krh gqbZ
euq’;ksa dks nqcZy cuk nsrh gSaA
vknku dky esa :{krk] jl vkSj nkScZY; Øecks/kd lkj.kh
vknku
f”kf”kj olUr xzh’e
vYi:{krk Ek/;:{krk Rkhoz:{krk

fräjl d’kk;jl dVqjl
vYinkScZY; e/;nkScZY; rhoznkScZY;
folxZ dky esa euq’;ksa ds cy dh o`f+) dk dkj.k& o’kkZ] “kjn~

vkSj gseUr& bu rhu _rqvksa esa Øe”k% tc lw;Z nf{k.k fn”kk dh
vksj tkuk vkjEHk dj nsrk gS] rc ml le; dky vkSj LokHkkfod
ekxZ ¼folxZ rFkk nf{k.kk;u½ es?kokr (Monsoon) ,oa o’kkZ ls lw;Z
dk izrki izrkfM+r gks tkrk gS rFkk pUnzek iw.kZ cyoku~ gksrk gSA
tc vkdk”kh; tylEikr ls lalkj dk lUrki iz”kkUr gks tkrk
gS] rc Hkwe.My ij Øe”k% fLuX/k ¼v:{k½ vEy] yo.k vkSj e/kqj
jlksa dh ;Fks’V o`f) gksrh gS vkSj euq’;ksa ds “kjhj dk cy izfrfnu
c<+us yx tkrk gSA
folxZ dky esa fLuX/krk] jl vkSj cyo`f)

folxZ
o’kkZ “kjn~ gseUr
vYifLuX/krk e/;fLuX/krk Js’BfLuX/krk

vEyjlo`f) yo.kjlo`f) e/kqjjlo`f)
vYicyo`f) e/;cyo`f) Js’Brecyo`f)
vknku dky %& lw;Z ds mÙkjk;.k gksus ds dky dks vknku dky
dgk tkrk gSA bl dky esa f”kf”kj] olUr vkSj xzh’e _rq,¡ gksrh
gaSA bu _rqvksa esa lw;Z dh fdj.kasa iz[kj gksrh gSa A tSls&tSls muesa
rhozrk c<+rh gS oSls&oSls dQ dk uk”k vkSj ok;q dh o`f) gksrh
gSA ok;q ;ksxokgh gS] tks lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dks vkSj vf/kd mÌhIr
cuk nsrk gSA vr,o vknku dky dks vkXus; dgk tkrk gSA bl
dky esa ok;q rFkk vkdk”k dh iz/kkurk ls dVq jl dh mRifÙk
gksrh gSA
vknku dky esas lw;Z viuh iz[kj fdj.kkssa }kjk lalkj ds tyh;ka”k
dks lq[kk nsrk gS] ok;q Hkh vf/kd :{k vkSj rhoz gksdj lalkj ds
Lusg va”k dk “kks’k.k djrh gS ,oa bl dky esa :{k] frä] d’kk;
vkSj dVq jlksa dh o`f) gks tkus ls euq’;ksa ds “kjhj esa nqcZyrk vk
tkrh gSA

^mÙkjk;.k* i`Foh ds lkSE;ka”k dks vkSj izkf.k;ksa ds cy dks ys ysrk
gS] blhfy, bls vknku dky dgk tkrk gSA bl dky dk drkZ
lw;Z gS] tks ok;q ds lgdkj ls bls vkxzs; cuk nsrk gSA lw;Z ds
edj laØkfUr ls N% eghukas dk dky mÙkjk;.k gksrk gSA
folxZdky %&o’kkZ] “kjn~ vkSj gseUr _rqvksa esa lw;Z tc nf{k.k
fn”kk esa tkrs gSa rc ml dky dks nf{k.kk;u ;k folxZdky dgrs
gSaA bl dky esa ok;q esa #{krk dh deh gks tkrh gS vkSj pUnzek
dk cy Hkh c<+k gqvk gksrk gS rFkk og leLr lalkj ij viuh
lkSE; fdj.kas fc[ksj dj txr~ dks fujUrj vkI;kf;r ¼rÌr½ djrk
jgrk gSA blfy, folxZdky lkSE; gksrk gSA
lw;Z tc nf{k.kk;u esa gksrk gS rks mÙkjh xksyk/kZ esa iM+us ds dkj.k
Hkkjro’kZ lw;Z ls nwj gks tkrk gS] ftlls ;g HkwHkkx “khry jgrk
gSA bl dky esa pUnzek dk cy vO;kgr ¼v{kh.k½ jgrk gS vkSj
og viuh “khry ,oa fLuX/k fdj.kksa ls lalkj dks lUrÌr djrk
jgrk gSA vr,o nf{k.kk;u dks folxZ ;k lkSE; dgk tkrk gSA
bl dky esa dky LoHkko rFkk lw;Z dk rst de gks tkrk gS]
pUnzek dk cy iw.kZ jgrk gS vkSj o’kkZ gksus ds dkj.k lalkj dk
rki iz”kkar gks tkrk gS( blfy, e/kqj] vEy vkSj yo.k bu rhuksa
fLuX/k jlksa dh rFkk euq’;ksa ds “kkjhfjd cy dh o`f) gksrh gSA
fo”ks’kdj gseUr _rq esa lw;Z tc o`f”pd vkSj /ku jkf”k ij pyk
tkrk gS rc mldk rst vR;Ur {kh.k gks tkrk gS vkSj pUnzek iw.kZ
cyh gksdj tyh; Lusgka”k dks c<+kus yxrk gS] ftlls nzO;ksa esa
jl dh o`f) gksrh gS vkSj mlds mi;ksx ls izkf.k;kas esa Lusgka”k
c<+us yxrk gS] ftlls nzO;ksa esa e/kqj jl dh o`f) gksrh gS vkSj
mlds mi;ksx ls izkf.k;ksa ds “kjhj essa cy dh o`f) gksus yxrh
gSA pUnzek ds lkgp;Z ls ok;q Hkh vius ;ksxokgh xq.k ds dkj.k
pUnzek ds “kSR; vkfn xq.kksa dh o`f) djrk gSA

vknkudky&folxZdky&vUrjcks/kd lkj.kh
laoRlj
vknkudky folxZdky
1- f”kf”kj] olUr vkSj xzh’e 1- o’kkZ] “kjn vkSj gseUr
_rq,¡ ftuesa Øe”k% _rq,¡ gksrh gSa] ftuesa
f”kf”kj esa&ek?k&QkYxqu] Øe”k%
olUr es& a pS=&oS”kk[k o’kkZ esa&lkou&Hkknks]
vkSj “kjn esa&Dokj&dkfrZd
xzh’e es&a T;s’B&vk’kk<+ vkSj
eghus gksrs gSaA gseUr esa&vxgu&iw’k
2- lw;Z mÙkjk;.k esa eghus gksrs gSaA
3- vkxzs; 2- lw;Z nf{k.kk;u esa
4- ok;q vfr#{k gksrh gSA 3- lkSE;
5- pUnzek dk cy {kh.k gksrk 4- ok;q vfr#{k ughsa gksrh
gSA gSA
6- lw;Z dk cy c<+k gksrk gSA 5- pUnzek dk cy c<+k gqvk
7- lw;Z vkSj ok;q lalkj dk gksrk gSA
“kks’k.k djrs gSsAa 6- lw;Z dk cy {kh.k gksrk
8- #{k jl tSls&frä] gSA
d’kk; vkSj dVq dh o`f) 7- lw;Z vkSj ok;q txr dk
gksrh gSA “kks’k.k ugha djrs gSsAa
9- euq’;ksa dk cy mÙkjksÙkj 8- fLuX/k jl tSls&vEy]
?kVrk tkrk gSA yo.k vkSj e/kqj jl dh
o`f) gksrh gSA
9- euq’;ksa dk cy mÙkjksÙkj
c<+rk tkrk gSA
vknku rFkk folxZ dky esa nsgcy dh fLFkfr&folxZ dky ds

vkfn ¼o"kkZ _rq½ esa vkSj vknku dky ds vUr ¼xzh"e _rq½ esa
euq’;ksa esa nqcZyrk gksrh gSA folxZ rFkk vknku dky ¼nksuksa½ ds
e/; ¼”kjn _rq rFkk olUr _rq½ esa euq";ksa ds “kjhj dk cy e/;
dksfV dk gksrk gSA folxZ dky ds vUr ¼gseUr _rq½ esa vkSj
vknku dky ds vkfn ¼f”kf”kj _rq½ esa euq";ksa dk cy Js"B jgrk
gSA
gseUr _rqp;kZ
gseUr esa vfXu dh rh{.krk& “khr _rq ¼gseUr½ esa tc ¼”kjhj dks
izdfEir dj nsus okyh½ B.Mh&B.Mh gok pyrh gS rc ml “khry
ok;q ds “kjhjLi”kZ gksus ij ckgj fudyus dks m|r “kjhj dh
Å"ek vo:) gksdj ckgj fudyus ds ctk; Hkhrj gh ykSV tkrh
gS] ftlls Js"B cy”kkyh izkf.k;ksa dh tBjkfXu cyorh vkSj iznhIr
gks mBrh gSA vr,o og ek=kxq# ¼vf/kd ek=k esa½ nzO;xq# vkSj
nzO;LoHkko xq# vkgkj dks ipkus esa leFkZ gksrh gSA
'khr _rq esa ok;q ds izdksi dk dkj.k &
bl +_rq esa ek=kxq# rFkk nzO;xq# vkgkj dks ipkus esa leFkZ
iznhIr tBjkfXu tc mi;qä bU/ku ¼[kk| inkFkZ½ dks ugha ikrh
rks ml le; 'kjhjfLFkr /kkrq :i jl dks gh lq[kkus yxrh gSA
vr% “kjhj ds :{k gksus ds dkj.k rFkk ok;q ds :{k rFkk “khr xq.k
fof”k"V gksus ds dkj.k “khrdky esa ok;q dk izdksi gks tkrk gSA
gseUr _rq esa vkgkj %& ”khr&gseUr _rq esa ok;q izdqfir gks tkrk
gSA blfy, gseUr _rq esa fLuX/k inkFkZ] vEy rFkk yo.k jl ;qä
vkgkj dk lsou djuk pkfg,A ty esa jgus okyh ¼eNyh&dNqvk
vkfn½ rFkk vkuwi ns”k ¼tyh; izn”s k½ esa mRiUu gksus okys ¼”kwdj
vkfn½ vfresnLoh i'kq&if{k;ksa dk ekal lsou djuk pkfg,A fcyksa
es jgusokys ¼xksg vkfn½ izkf.k;ksa ds ekal ,oa izlg tkfr ds
i'kq&if{k;ksa ¼ckt&dkSvk vkfn½ dk ¼dckc&”kwyiDo½ ekal lsou
djuk pkfg,A efnjk] lh/kq ¼xUus ds jl dks idkdj cuk;k gqvk
e|fo”ks’k½ vkSj e/kq vuqiku ds :i esa ysuk pkfg, vFkkZr Hkkstu
ds ckn efnjk vkfn dk iku fgrdj gSA nw/k ds cus inkFkZ ¼ngh]
eykbZ] jcM+h] Nsuk vkfn½ xUus ds jl ls fufeZr inkFkZ ¼xqM+] jkc]
phuh] feJh vkfn½ pjch] rsy rFkk u;s pkoy dk cuk Hkkr [kkuk

pkfg,A gseUr _rq esa izfrfnu xje ty ls Luku rFkk iku dk
vH;kl j[kus okys O;fä dh vk;q {kh.k ugha gksrh gSA
gseUr _rq esa fogkj %& gseUr _rq esa rsy dh ekfy”k] fLuX/k
mcVu yxkuk] flj esa rsy yxkuk] /kwi&lsou] xje Hkwfex`g
¼rg[kkuk½ vkSj xje xHkZx`g ¼chp dk dejk½ esa mBuk] cSBuk vkSj
jguk pkfg,A blh izdkj 'khrdky esa pkjksa vksj ls <+dh lokjh
esa tkuk pkfg,A 'k¸;k ¼lst½ vklu vkfn ij izkokj ¼jtkbZ&
dEcy½] ckyksa okyk ck?kEcj] js”keh oL=] nqykbZ&jtkbZ] jaxhu
fp=&fofp= o.kksZa okyk ¼dEcy&dFkjh vkfn½ xyhpk fcNk;k vkSj
j[kk gksuk pkfg,A gseUr esa Hkkjh vkSj xje oL= igus] vxj dks
f?kldj mldk xk<+k izysi djsAa
gseUr _rq esa viF; %&
gseUr _rq esa okro/kZd [kku&iku] izcy ok;q dk izokg ¼tks lh/ks
yxrk gks]½ vYikgkj vkSj ty esa ?kksydj lÙkw [kkuk ;g lc NksM+
nsuk pkfg,A
f”kf”kj _rqp;kZ
f”kf”kj _rqp;kZ dk vk/kkj %& lkekU;r% gseUr vkSj f”kf”kj ;s
nksuks _rq,¡ izk;% leku gksrh gSA f”kf”kj esa bruh fo”ks’krk gksrh
gS fd vknku dky esa mRiUu gksus okyh LokHkkfod :{krk vkSj
es?kokr ¼es?kksa ls ynh ok;q&ekulwu½ vkSj o"kkZ ds dkj.k c<+k gqvk
“khr vf/kd gksrk gSA blfy, f”kf”kj _rq esa Hkh gseUr dh gh
fof/k;ksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A fo”ks"k :Ik ls ftl ?kj esa ok;q
dk lh/kk izos”k u gksrk gks] ,sls xje ?kj esa jguk pkfg,A
f”kf”kj _rq esa viF; %& f”kf”kj _rq esa dVq] frä vkSj d"kk;
jl okys inkFkZ( okro/kZd] gyds vkSj “khry vUuiku dk lsou
u djsAa
olUr _rqp;kZ
olUr esa iÄpdeZ&fo/kku %& ¼gseUr dky esa½ lfUpr gqvk dQ
olUr dky ds vkus ij lw;Z dh fdj.kksa ls fi?ky dj ¼lzkrs ksa }kjk
“kjhj esa QSydj½ tBjkfXu dks eUn dj nsrk gS vkSj vusd izdkj
ds Toj vkfn jksxksa dks mRiUu dj nsrk gSA blfy, olUr _rq
esa dQ ”kks/kkFkZ oeu vkfn iÄpdeksZa dks djuk pkfg,A
olUr _rq esa viF; %&
olUr _rq esa Hkkjh inkFkZ] vEy inkFkZ] fLuX/k vkSj e/kqj inkFkksZa
dk vkgkj ugha xzg.k djuk pkfg, rFkk fnu esa lksuk Hkh ugha
pkfg,A
olUr _rq esa O;k;ke] mcVu yxkuk] /kweziku] doy/kkj.k ¼rsy
dk dqYyk½] vatu yxkuk vkSj dqudqus ty ls gkFk&iSj /kksuk
rFkk Luku djuk pkfg,A pUnu vkSj vxj dk ysi yxkuk pkfg,A
vkgkj esa tkS vksj xsg¡w dk vkVk] 'kjHk ¼gfj.kHksn½ dk ekal] [kjxks”k]
dkyk gfj.k] ykok] cVsj vkSj lQsn rhrj dk ekal ysuk pkfg,A
nks"kjfgr lh/kq vkSj ek/ohd ¼e/kqfufeZr e|½ dk iku djuk pkfg,A
xzh"e _rqp;kZ
xzh’e _rqp;kZ dk vk/kkj%& xzh"e dky esa lw;Z viuh ¼iz[kj½
fdj.kksa ls txr~ ds ¼lkj½ Lusg dks ihrk jgrk gSA blfy, xzh"e
esa e/kqj] “khry nzo rFkk fLuX/k [kku&iku fgrdkjh gksrk gSA
“khry ty ds lkFk phuh vkSj ?kh feys lÙkw ¼eUFk½ dk lsou
vPNk iF; gSA tkaxy i”kq&if{k;ksa dk ekal] ?kh] nw/k vkSj ¼iqjkuk½
“kkfypkoy dk lsou djrs jgus ls xzh"etU; fodkjksa ls d"V ugha
gksrk gSA
xzh"e _rq esa viF; %& xzh"e _rq esa e| FkksM+k ysa vFkok loZFkk
u ysa ;k vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ty feykdj ihuk pkfg,A xzh"e esa
uedhu] [kÍs] pViVs jlokys inkFkZ] m".k Hkkstu vkSj O;k;ke NksM+
nsuk pkfg,A
xzh"e _rq esa fogkj %& xzh"e _rq esa fnu ds le; “khry dejs
esa lks;s vkSj jkr dks “kjhj esa pUnu dk vkysi dj goknkj Hkou
ds Åijh Nr ij [kqyh pk¡nuh ds Li”kZ ls “khry LFkku es “k;u
djuk pkfg,A
o"kkZ _rqp;kZ
o"kkZ _rqp;kZ dk lS)kfUrd vk/kkj %& vknkudky esa euq";ksa dk
“kjhj nqcZy jgrk gS vkSj nqcZy nsg esa tBjkfXu Hkh nqcZy jgrh
gSA o"kkZ _rq esa okrkfn nks"kksa ls og vkSj Hkh nqcZy gks tkrh gSA
o"kkZ _rq esa Hkwfe ls fudyus okys ck"iksa ls] ikuh cjlus ls rFkk
ty dk vEyfoikd gksus ls tc vfXu dk cy {kh.k gks tkrk gS]
rc okr vkfn nks"k izdqfir gks tkrs gaSA blfy, o"kkZ _rq esa
lk/kkj.k :i ls lHkh fof/k;ksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A
o"kkZ _rq esa viF; %& o"kkZ _rq esa ty feykdj lÙkw [kkuk
¼mneUFk½] fnu esa lksuk] vksl fxjrs le; ckgj jguk] unh ds
ty dk lsou djuk] O;k;ke] /kwi vkSj eSFkqu deZ djuk NksM+ nsuk
pkfg,A
o"kkZ _rq esa vkgkj %& o"kkZ _rq esa Hkkstu ;k is; inkFkksZa dks
lqlaLd`r djds FkksM+h ek=k esa e/kq feykdj iz;ksx esa yk;sA o"kkZ
vkSj >a>kokr ds dkj.k ftu fnuksa esa fo”ks’k B.Md gks mu fnuksa
esa okrtU; fodkj dh “kkfUr ds fy, iz/kku :i ls vEy rFkk
yo.k jl iz/kku ?k`riDo ;k rSyiDo fLuX/k Hkkstu djuk pkfg,A
viuh tBjkfXu dks O;ofLFkr ¼le½ j[kus ds fy, iqjkus tkS] xsg¡w
dk vkVk rFkk vxguh pkoy dk Hkkr] tkaxy i”kq&if{k;ksa dk
c?kkjk gqvk ekal ¼thjk&ghax&yglwu vkfn Mkydj gq,½ ;q"kksa
¼elkyksa½ ds lkFk [kkuk pkfg,A
o"kkZ _rq esa ikukFkZ is; %& o"kkZ _rq esa vYiek=k esa ek/ohd
¼egqvk ls cuk½ vfj"V e/kq feykdj ihuk pkfg, vFkok o’kkZ dk
ty ;k dwity ;k ljksoj ds ty dks xje dj B.Mk djds
ihuk pkfg,A
o"kkZ _rq esa fogkj%&o"kkZ _rq esa “kjhj dks fHkxk;s gq, oL= ls
jxM+uk pkfg,] mcVu yxkuk pkfg,] Luku djds panu vkfn
lqxfU/kr nzO;ksa dk ysi rFkk ekyk /kkj.k djuk pkfg,A oL= gyds
vkSj fueZy /kkj.k djsa vkSj Dysn ¼lhyu½ jfgr lw[ks LFkku esa
fuokl djsAa
“kjn _rqp;kZ
“kjn _rq esa fiÙkizdksi dk dkj.k %& o"kkZ _rq esa “kjhj o"kkZdkyhu
“khr dk vH;Lr jgrk gS vkSj ,sls “kjhjkaxks ij tc lglk “kjn
_rq ds lw;Z dh fdj.ksa iM+rh gS rks “kjhj ds vo;o lUrIr gks
tkrs gSa vkSj o"kkZ _rq esa lafpr gqvk fiÙk “kjn _rq esa izdqfir
gks tkrk gSA
“kjn _rq esa lsouh; vkgkj&fogkj %& “kjn _rq esa vPNh rjg
Hkw[k yxus ij jl esa e/kqj] y?kq] xq.k;qä] “khroh;Z] frä jl okys
rFkk fiÙk dks “kkar djus okys vUu&iku dk ek=kiwoZd lsou djuk
pkfg,A ekal&lsou ds izseh O;fä;ksa dks cVsj] xksjS;k] gfj.k] nqEck
HksM+] ckgjflaxk vkSj [kjxks”k dk ekal [kkuk pkfg,A vUu esa tkS]
xsg¡w] vxguh pkoy dk lsou djuk pkfg, vkSj frä ?k`r dk iku
rFkk fojspu ,oa jä eks{k.k fØ;k djuh pkfg,A
“kjn _rq esa viF; %& “kjn _rq esa /kwi dk lsou] pchZ] rsy]
vksl] tyspj rFkk vkuwi i”kq&if{k;ksa dk ekal ¼eNyh] dNqvk]
lqvj vkfn½ {kkj] ngh dk lsou] fnu dk “k;u vkSj iqjoS;k gok
dk lsou ugha djuk pkfg,A
galksnd rFkk “kjn _rq esa fogkj %& “kjn _rq esa fnu ds le;
lw;Z dh fdj.kksa ls rik gqvk] jkr ds le; panzek dh fdj.kksa ds
Li”kZ ls “khrydky LoHkko esa idk gqvk gksus ls funksZ"k ,oa
vxLR;rkjk ds mn; gksus ds izHkko ls fufoZ"k gqvk foey vkSj
ifo= ty ^galksnd* dgk tkrk gSA ml ty esa Luku djuk]
mldk iku djuk vkSj mlesa voxkgu djuk ¼Mqcfd;k¡ yxkuk½
ve`r ds leku Qy nsus okyk gksrk gSA “kjn _rq esa mRiUu Qwyksa
dh ekyk,¡] fueZy LoPN oL= vkSj jkf= ds iwoZ Hkkx esa pUnzfdj.kksa
dk lsou mÙke dgk x;k gSA
_rqp;kZ dk milagkj %& bl izdkj gseUr] f”kf”kj] olUr] xzh"e]
o"kkZ vkSj “kjn~&bu N% _rqvksa esa ps"Vk ¼fogkj½ vkSj vkgkj dk
voyfEcr ^_rqlkRE;* ¼_rqvksa ds fy, vuqdwy iF; vkfn½ dk
mins”k fd;k x;k gSA
;kSfxd vkgkj ds ifjizs{; esa iF;kiF; foospu
;ksx&xzaFkks esa îF;* ds vUrxZr fd;k x;k foospu vk;qosZnlEer
gh gS fdUrq ^viF;* dks vk;qoZsn esa Loiz;kstukuqlkj iF; ds :i
esa mi;ksx esa yk;k x;k gSA mnkgkj.kkFkZ&dVq] vEy] rh{.k o
yo.k jl dks g-;ks-iz- esa viF;&oxZ esa n”kkZ;k x;k gS] fdUrq
vk;qosZn mUgsa Øe”k% dQ”kked] okr”kked] dQ&fiÙk”kked o
okr”kked gksus ds dkj.k iF; ds :i esa iz;ksx esa ykrk gSA blh

izdkj ;ksx xzaFkks esa iz;qDr viF;kfn nzO;ksa dk ¼vk;qosZnkuqlkj½ iF;
:i esa fd;k x;k iz;ksx fuEukuqlkj gS %&
1½ lkSohj ¼cnj Hksn½ %& okr rFkk fiÙk”kked gSA 2½ rSy&fry
%& cydkjd] us=ksa ds fy;s fgrdkjh] ok;q vkSj dQ dks u’V djus
okyk gSA 3½ l’kZi & ¼ljlks½ %&;g m’.koh;Z gksus ls dQokruk”kd
gSA 4½ e| %& ;g fgpdh] “okl] dQ] ey focU/k] v:fp] oeu
bR;kfn esa mi;ksxhA
5½ eRL;kgkj %& cyo/kZd] ekalo/kZd] okruk”kd ,oa o`’; gSA 6½
vktkfn ekal %& ;g “kjhj dh /kkrqvksa ls vfrln`”k gksus ds dkj.k
dQ dks ugha c<+krk gS o ekalo/kZd gSA 7½ nf/k %& “kjhj dh
d`”krk dks u’V dus okyk] o`’;&xq.k;qDr rFkk izk.k”kfDr dks
c<+kusokyk gSA 8½ rØ% %& lq-la- ds vuqlkj e/kqj rØ&fiÙk”kked
o vEy rØ&okr”kked gSA ;g ikpdkfXu dks iznhIr djus
okyk o ân; ds fy, fgrdkjh gSA 9½ dqyRFk%& ;g xqYeuk”kd
rFkk dQ vkSj okr dks u’V djus okyh gSA 10½ ghax %& y?kq]
ikpd] nhid] dQokrftr~A 11½ rky %& bldk Qy e/kqj] “khr]
cY;] càg.k] rFkk fiÙkgj gSA bldk cht okrfiÙk”kked gSA 12½
elwj %& ;g ikSf’Vd gksdj focU/k esa bls nsrs gSaA 13½ dw’ek.M
%& vfXuo/kZd] dQ rFkk okr dks nwj djus okyh gksrh gSA 14½
rqEch %& ;g ân; ds fy;s fgrdj gS ,oe~ [kkalh] fo’k] okr] fiÙk
rFkk fiÙkToj dks u’V djus okyh gksrh gSA 15½ dfiRFk ¼dSFk½ %&
dPpk dSFk &fo’kuk”kd vkSj xzkgh gSA idk dSFk & nks’kuk”kd]
fo’kuk”kd] vkSj #fpo/kZd gSA 16½ d.VfcYo %& ;g dQ o
okr”kked gSA 17½ iyk”k %& ;g dQokr”kked gSA blds iq’Ik
dQ&fiÙk”kked gSaA 18½ dnEc %& ;g f=nks’k”kked gSA 19½
tEchj %& ;g dQokr”kked gSA 20½ ydqp %& f=nks’kizdksid
gksus ls viF; ekuk x;k gSA 21½ fcle~ %& ;g fiÙk] nkg vkSj
jDrfodkj dks nwj djus ¼e`.kky] deyuky½ okyk gSA 22½ fiz;ky
%& ;g fLuX/k] xq: vkSj e/kqj gksus ls okr dk rFkk “khr gksus ls
fiÙk dk “keu djrk gSA 23½ “kkYefy %& ¼lsej½ ;g fLuX/k&e/kqj
gksus ls okr dk rFkk “khr gksus ls fiÙk dk “kked gSA
24½ dseqde~ %& ;g frDr&d’kk; gksus ls dQ fiÙk”kked gSA
vr% vk;qosZnh; vkgkj ladYiuk Loiz;kstukuqlkj iF;kiF; ij
vk/kkfjr gSA bl izdkj vk;qoZsn esa vkgkj dk foLr`r foospu fd;k
x;k gSA
lanHkZ lwph
Øekad lanHkZ
1 pjd lw= & 11@35
3 pjd lw= & 1@12
4 pjd lw= & 30@23
5 lqJwr lw= & 1@15
6 pjd lafgrk & 1@41
7&8 pjd lafgrk & 25@45] 46
9&10 pjd lafgrk & 5@12]13
11 pjd lafgrk & 5@8
12&13 pjd foekuLFkkue~ & 1@21] 24
14 lqJwr ¼mÙkjra=½ & 64@56

izdj.k&4
foe”kZukRed v/;;u
4-1 ;kSfxd vkgkj foe”kZ %&

LFkku&foe”kZ %& fofHkUu ;ksx xzaFkks esa LFkku fo”ks’k dks egRo fn;k
x;k gSA g-;ks-iz- esa ^lqjkT;s /kkfeZds ns”ks* o ^fu#inzo*s dk funZs”k
fd;k x;k gSA
vFkkZr~ lPpfj= jktk ds v/khu O;o/kkujfgr LFkku dks ;ksxh gsrq
mi;qDr Bgjk;k x;k gSA blds vykok ;ksxeB ds y{k.kksa dh
ppkZ esa mi;qDr Hkwfe dk funsZ”k fd;k x;k gSA blds vUrxZr ,slh
Hkwfe dk p;u djus dks dgk x;k gS ftlesa dksbZ jU/kz] xrZ b- u
gks] Hkwfe lery gks vFkkZr~ dgha Å¡ph ;k dgha uhph u gksA nhokj
b- dks Hkh fpduh] xkscj feyh feêh ds ysi ls fyih gksus dk
funsZ”k fd;k x;k gSA ftlls LoPNrk ds lkFk NksVs&NksVs
tho&tUrqvksa dk vfLrRo u jgsA ;s lHkh funZs”k vkgkj dks izHkkfor
djus okys gSa o buds ikyu ls vUu fo"kck/kk ls Hkh cpk;k tk
ldrk gSA
?ks-l-ds iÄpeksins”k esa Hkh blh izdkj ds funsZ”k fn;s x;s gS%&
1- *lqns”ks /kkfEkZds jkT;s lqfHk{ks fu#inzos* AA1AA
2- ^dqVhja dhVoftZre~* AA2AA
3- lE;Xxkse;fyIrÄp dqVhjrU=fufeZre~ AA3AA
Jh-xh- ds NBs v/;k; esa Hkh ^”kqPkkS ns”ks izfr’BkI;* dk funsZ”k fd;k
x;k gSA blds vykok ;ksx xzaFkksa esa Hkwfe ds ¼vklu ds½ lery
gksus ds funsZ”k fuEukuqlkj fn;s x;s gSa&
ûkR;qPpuhpk;re~* dk funZs”k g- ;ks- iz- esas vk;k gS] ?ks-la&ûkR;qPpa
ukfrfuEuÄp dk funZs”k djrh gS o Jh-xh- ¼6@11½ esa& ûkR;qfPNªra
ukfruhpa pSykftudq”kksÙkje~* dk funZs”k fd;k x;k gSA
bl izdkj LFkku&fo”ks’k o vklu b- dk egRo izfrikfnr fd;k
x;k gS tks laiw.kZ vkgkj izfØ;k dks izHkkfor dj vPNk ifj.kke
nsus okyk izrhr gksrk gSA

vkgkj&ek=k foe”kZ
;kSfxd xzaFk fo”ks’k :i ls ek=k;qDr vkgkj dk funZs”k fuEukuqlkj
djrs gaS %&
g-;ks-iz- ^prqFkkZa”k fooftZr%* ds #i esa ^ferkgkj* dk funsZ”k djrk
gSA buds vykok ^vR;kgkj* dks ;ksxkH;kl ds fo?udkjd Ng
d`R;ksa esa loksZifj j[kk x;k gS vFkkZr~ vko”;drk ls vf/kd vkgkj
;ksx lk/kuk esa lcls cM+h ck/kk gSA vr% g-;ks-iz- esa funsZf”kr
n”k&;eksa ds vUrxZr ^ferkgkj* dks LFkku fn;k x;k gS ftldk
ikyu djuk vfuok;Z gSA
?ks-la- esa Hkh ^ferkgkj* ds fcuk ;ksxlk/kuk ds lQy u gksus dks
cryk;k x;k gS o fofHkUu jksxksa ls vkØkUr gksus dh ckr dgh
xbZ gSA
^^ferkgkja fouk ;Lrq ;ksxkjEHka rq dkj;sr~A
ukukjksxks HkosÙkL; fdfÄpn~|ksxks u fl/;;fr**AA4AA
orZeku esa fofHkUu jksxksa ds izknqHkkZo essa ;g izeq[k dkj.k izrhr gksrk
gSA
Jh-xh- ¼izdj.k 2-3½ esa cryk;k x;k gS fd fu;fer vkgkj djus
okys ;ksxh izk.k esa gh izk.k dk gou fd;k djrs gSaA blds vykok
^;qDrkgkj* dk funZs”k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA
mijksDr foe”kZ ls ;g Li’V gksrk gS fd fofHkUu ;kSfxd xzaFk ,d
Loj esa ek=k;qDr&vkgkj dh laLrqfr djrs gSaA ;g ifjfer vkgkj
gh fofHkUu ;kSfxd izfØ;kvksa ¼vklku] izk.kk;ke b-½ ds fy,
mi;qDr izrhr gksrk gS vU;Fkk izfØ;kvksa esa ck/kk mRiUu gks ldrh
gSA
iF;kiF; foe”kZ
g--;ks-iz esa n”kZk;s x;s iF; dk foe”kZ %& g-;ks-iz- lqfLuX/k ,oa e/kqj
vkgkj dks ek=kiwoZd ,oa Hkxor~izahR;FkZ thou;k=k pykus ds fy;s
xzg.k djus dk funZs”k djrh gSA ml vkgkj dks nsg ds fy;s
iqf’Vdkjd ,oa /kkrqo/kZd cryk;k x;k gSA blds vUrxZr [kk|
,oa is; nksuksa izdkj dh oLrq,¡ “kkfey dh xbZ gS ftudk o.kZu
fuEukuqlkj gS %&

[kk| oLrq,¡& blesa ^‘kkf’Vd “kksHkukUua* vFkkZr~ lkB fnu esa id
tkus okys xsgw¡] pkoy] tkS b- dks xzkgÓ dgk x;k gSA pkoy ds
vUrxZr “kkyh pkWoy o nkyksa esa ew¡x nky dks iF;dkjd ekuk
x;k gSA “kkd&oxZ ds vUrxZr izdj.k ¼2-1½ esa ftu “kkdksa dk
o.kZu fd;k x;k gS os lHkh xq.kdkjh o f=nks’kksa dk “keu djus
okyh gksdj fo”ks’kdj ;ksxlk/kdksa ds fy;s ykHknk;h izrhr gksrh
gSaA vU; [kk| inkFkksZa esa eD[ku] feJh] “kgn] b- dks “kkfey fd;k
x;k gS tks fd “kfDr] mRlkg] LQwfrZ o vkst b- c<+kus esa lgk;d
izrhr gksrs gSaA
is; oLrq,¡ %& jlks esa e/kqj jl dks xzkg; dgk x;k gSA ;g ty
vkSj i`fFkoh rRo ls cuk gksdj uhps dh vksj xfr”khy gksrk gS
D;ksafd i`fFkoh Hkkjh gS vkSj ty Hkh uhps dh vksj cgrk gS blfy;s
e/kqj jl ^fojspd* gksrk gSA ;g /kkrqo/kZd Hkh gSA g-;ks-iz-esa
fo”ks’kdj nw/k vkSj ^fnO;eqnda* vFkkZr~ varfj{k ty dks xzg.k djus
dk funsZ”k fd;k x;k gSA nw/k] jl esa e/kqj gksdj fLuX/k Hkh gS
ftldk funsZ”k ^ferkgkj* ds vUrxZr fd;k x;k gSA blds vykok
;g ,d jlk;u gksdj bls thouh; inkFkksZa esa Js’B ekuk x;k gSA
;g fofo/k xq.kksa ls ;qDr gksdj vkst dks c<+krk gSA blds vykok
vUrfj{k ty ¼fnO;ksnd½ Hkh fo”ks’k xq.k /keksZa okyk vFkkZr~ B.Mk]
ifo=] dY;k.kdkjh o lqikP; gksrk gSA
g-;ks-iz- esa funsZf”kr fofHkUu ;kSfxd izfØ;k,¡ ¼vklu] izk.kk;ke]
eqnzk b-½ tBjkfXu dks iznhIr djus okyh gSaA vr% mijksDr
iF;dkjd vkgkj dks mÙke ;ksfx;ksa ds fy, xzkgÓ fu:fir fd;k
x;k gSA blh dkj.k ;ksxh dks tks euks·uqdwy o ;ksX; Hkkstu xzg.k
djus ds funsZ”k fn;s x, gSa muds vUrxZr %& iq’Va] lqe/kqja] fLuX/ka
o /kkrqiziks’k.ke~ b- dk lekos”ku mi;qDr izrhr gksrk gSA
g-;ks-iz- esa n”kkZ;s x;s viF; dk foe”kZ
viF; ds vUrxZr jlksa esa dVq] vEy] rh{.k o yo.k jl dks
viF;dkjd crk;k x;k gSA izdj.k ¼1½ esa jlksa ds ikapHkkSfrd
laxBu ds vUrxZr n”kkZ;h x;h lkj.kh ds vuqlkj dVq jl &
ok;q + vfXu rRo ls feydj cuk gksrk gSA vEy jl esa i`fFkoh
+ vfXu rRoksa dk] frDr ¼rh{.k½ jl esa ok;q + vkdk”k rRoksa dk
o yo.k jl esa ty + vfXu rRoksa dk lekos”k gksrk gSA bu lHkh
jlksa esa lkekU;r% vfXu vkSj ok;q bu nks egkHkwrksa dk lekos”k gSA
bu nksuksa Hkwrksa ls cus jl izk;% Åij dh vksj xfr djus okys gksrs
gaS D;ksafd ok;q gydh vkSj xfr”khy gS rFkk vfXu dh Tokyk Åij
dh vksj tyrh gSA blfy, ;s jl oeudkjd gksrs gaSA p-la- esa
dVq] frDr vkSj d’kk; jl okr dks mRiUu djus okys rFkk dVq]
vEy vkSj yo.k fiÙk dks mRi™k djus okys n”kkZ;s x;s gSaA
vr% bu jlksa dk LokRekjke lwfj ds }kjk ^viF;* ds vUrxZr
lekfo’V fd;k tkuk rdZlaxr izrhr gksrk gSA
fofHk™k nzO;ksa dks viF; oxZ esa lekfo’V fd;s tkus ds dkj.k
fuEukuqlkj gks ldrs gSa %&
1½ lkSohj ¼idk csj½ & vEyrk c<+kus okys] dQo/kZd o dQ dk
mRDys”k djus okys gaSA
2½ dksy ¼dPpk csj½ & dPps gksus ls ;s fiÙk vkSj dQo/kZd gSA
3½ rSy&fry & ;g ipus esa Hkkjh gksdj [kkus ds ckn fiÙktud
gksrk gSA
4½ l’kZi & ;g rsy ¼ljlksa dk½ jDr rFkk fiÙk dks nwf’kr djus
okyk gSA
5½ e|&lHkh izdkj ds e| vEyjl;qDr gksus ls fiÙktud gksrs
gSaA
6½ eRL; & bUgsa ^cgqnks’kk% izdhfrZrk% vFkkZr~ vusd izdkj ds
fodkjksa dks mRi™k djus okyk ekuk x;k gSA ;s fiÙko/kZd o ipkus
esa Hkkjh gksrs gSaA
7½ vktkfnekal&ipus esa Hkkjh o vYi ek=k esa fiÙk rFkk dQ
mRi™k djus okyk gSA
8½ ngh & [kÍk ngh dQ vkSj fiÙk dks mRi™k djrk gSA Bhd ls
u tek ngh f=nks’k izdksid gSA
9½ rØ & dQ dk izdksid o fiÙko/kZd gSA
10½ dqyRFk ¼dqyFkh½ & m".k] d’kk; o foikd esa vEy gSA
11½ fi.;kd & ¼ljlksa&vylh vkfn dh [kky½ f=nks’kizdksid gSA
12½ ghax &dVq jl o m’.k izd`fr nzO; gSA
13½ y”kqu &m’.koh;Z] dVqjl vkSj xq# gS A
bl izdkj g-;ks-iz-es iF;kiF; fooj.k ;ksxlk/kdksa ds n`f’Vdks.k ls
mi;qDr izrhr gksrk gSA
?ks-la- ds vUrxZr iF;kiF; dk foe”kZ
?ks-la- esa iF;kiF; ds vUrxZr n”kkZ;s x;s vf/kdka”k nzO; g-;ks-iz-
esa lekfo’V gSaA vr% ;gk¡ dsoy mUgh nzO;ksa dk foe”kZukRed
fooj.k izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gS ftudk g-;ks-iz- esa o.kZu ugh fd;k
x;k gSA ;g fuEukuqlkj gS %&
?ks-la- esa n”kkZ;s x;s iF; dk foe”kZ
1½ ek"k% ¼mMn½%& ;g fLuX/k vkSj e/kqj jl okyh gksdj
okruk”kd] cyo/kZd vkSj ikS#’k”kfDr dks c<+kus okyh gksus ds
dkj.k bls iF;&oxZ esa j[kk tkuk mi;qDr izrhr gksrk gSA
2½ p.kd ¼puknky½ %& y?kq] “khro;Z o e/kqj jl okyh gksdj
fiÙk”ys"et jksxkas esa mi;ksxh gSA
3½ iula ¼dVgy½%& dPpkQy&fiÙk”kkedA idk Qy&
okrfiÙk”kked ] càg.k “kqØo/kZd o cY; gSA
4½ ekua %& okrfiÙk”kked o cyo/kZd gSA
5½ dUdksy %& dQfiÙk”kked gSA
6½ dkjosYyd ¼djsyk½%& dQfiÙk”kked gksdj m’.k gksus ls okr
dks ugh c<+krkA
7½ v:bZ ¼?kqba;k½ %& vkyw dh vis{kk Ms<+ xquk vf/kd iks’kd gksdj
lqikP; gSA
8½ ddZVh ¼ddMh½%&m’.koh;Z gksus ls dQokr”kked gSA
9½ jEHkk ¼dsyk½%&Qwyksa dh lCth jDrfiÙk esa mi;ksxhA ;g
jDrfiÙk”kked gksus ds lkFk jDr dh ek=k dks c<+kus okyk o cY;
gSA jEHkkn.M okrfodkj esa mi;ksxh gSA
10½ MqEcjh ¼vkSnqEcj½ %& ;g dQfiÙkuk”kd gSA
11½ pkSykbZ %& vfXunhid] #fpdkjd] ,oe~ fiÙk] dQ rFkk
jDrfodkj dks nwj djus okyh gSA
12½ okrkZdh %& dQokruk”kd] d`fe?u o jDrfodkj esa mi;ksxhA
13½ ewyde~ ¼NksVh ewyh½%& ikpd] f=nks"kuk”kdA ¼cMh ewyh½%&rsy
ls Hkwatus ij f=nks"kuk”kdA
14½ ,yk ¼byk;ph½ %&f=nks"kgj gSA
15½ yoax %& dQfiÙkuk”kd o d`fe?u gSA
16½ tEcq ¼tkewu½ %& dQfiÙkuk”kd gSA
17½ gjhrdh %& f=nks"kgj gksdj fo”ks’kr% okr”kked gSA
18½ [ktwj %& okrfiÙk”kked gSA
bl izdkj g-;ks-iz- esa n”kkZ;s x;s iF;dkjd o viF;dkjd nzO;ksa
ds vykok ?ks-la- esa mijksDr nzO;ksa dk lekos”k fd;k tkuk muds
xq.k/keksZa ds dkj.k mi;qDr izrhr gksrk gSA
?ks-la-&viF; foe”kZ
1½ rky ¼rkM½ & endkjd o fiÙkdkjd gSA
2½ elwj & okrdkjd gSA
3½ dw"ekaM & funzktuu gSA egf"kZ iratfy us funzk dks o`fÙk esa
“kkfey dj bldk fujks/k djus dks dgk gSA vr% bls viF;
ekuuk mi;qDr izrhr gksrk gSA
4½ rqEch ¼ykSdh½ &dVqrqEch oeudkjd gSA b-A
4-2 vk;qosZnh; iF;kiF; foe”kZ
vk;qosZn “kkL= esa iF;kiF; foospu blds iz;kstu ds vk/kkj ij

fd;k x;k izrhr gksrk gSA blds eq[; nks iz;kstu gSa %& ¼1½ LoLFk
euq"; ds LokLF; dk j{k.k o 2½ jksxh euq"; ds jksx dk fuokj.k
djukA
vk;qosZn ds iF;kiF; foospu esa D;k fgrdj gS o D;k vfgrdj
gS bls tkuuk vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA fgrdj vkgkj og vkgkj
gS ftlds vUrxZr vkgkjnzO; leku ek=k esa jgus okyh “kkjhfjd
/kkrqvksa dks lkE;koLFkk esa gh j[ksa o fo"ke ek=k esa jgus okyh
“kkjhfjd /kkrqvksa dks lefLFkfr esa ykus esas lgk;d gksA blds
foijhr le/kkrq dks fo"ke djusokys vkSj fo"ke /kkrqvksa dks vkSj
vf/kd fo"ke cuk nsus okys vkgkj dks vfgrdj ekuk tkrk gSA
vk;qosZn esa iF; o viF; dks fuEukuqlkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k
gS%&
iF; %&tks vkgkj “kjhj vkSj eu nksuksa ds fy, fgrdkjd gSA ,sls
vkgkj& fogkj vkfn dks îF;* dgrs gSaA
viF; %&tks vkgkj&fogkj “kjhj vkSj eu nksuksa ds fy, vfgrdj
gkas mls ^viF;* dgrs gSA
vk;qosZn ds =;&miLrEHk ¼vkgkj] funzk] czEgp;Z½ esa vkgkj dks
izFke LrEHk ds :i esa n”kkZ;k x;k gSA mijksDr fgrdj vkgkj dks
“kjhj rFkk lq[k dh mRifÙk dk o vfgrdj vkgkj dks jksx rFkk
nq[k dh mRifÙk dk dkj.k ekuk tkrk gSA
bl izdkj vk;qosZn esa iF;kiF; rFkk fgrdj o vfgrdj vkgkj
dks ifjHkkf"kr dj mldk rdZlaxr foospu fd;k x;k gSA
ek=k foe”kZ
vk;qosZn Hkh ek=k;qDr vkgkj dh vko”;drk ij cy nsrk gSSA Lo;a
egf"kZ pjd us dgk gS fd êk=k”kh L;kr~* vFkkZr~ vkgkj dks mfpr
ek=k esa gh xzg.k fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftldk dkj.k mUgksaus
fuEukuqlkj crk;k gSA
îqujfXucykisf{k.kh* vFkkZr~ vkgkj dks dsoy mruh gh ek=k esa
xzg.k djus dk funsZ”k fn;k x;k gS ftlls tBjkfXu fuf”pr
vUrjky ds ckn iqu% izTofyr gksA ek=k;qDr vkgkj izd`fr dks
gkfu u igq¡pkdj Hkkstu djus okys dks cy] o.kZ] vkjksX; vkSj
vk;q ls lEiUu cukrk gSA
vk;qosZn esa ek=k ds vfrfjDr dky] fØ;k] {ks= b- Hkh iF;kiF;
dks izHkkfor djus okys ekus x;s gSaA vr% _rqp;kZ ¼_rq ds vuqlkj
vkgkj dk fu;kstu½ fØ;k ;kuh vkgkj cukus dh izfØ;k rFkk
O;fDr ds nks"kksa ¼okr] fiÙk] dQ½ ds vuqlkj vkgkj dks xzg.k djus
dk funsZ”k fd;k x;k gSA
vkgkj fof/kfo”ks’kk;ru~ %& blds vUrxZr&izd`fr] dj.k] la;ksx]
jkf”k] ns”k] dky] mi;ksx laLFkk rFkk mi;ksDrk b- ?kVdksa dks
vkgkj ds vUrxZr lekfo"V fd;k tkuk vk;qoZsn esa vkgkj dh
egÙkk dks iznf”kZr djrk gSA
vkgkj fof/k
vkgkj fof/k&fo/kku ds varxZr m".k Hkkstu] fLuX/k Hkkstu o
ek=kiwoZd Hkkstu xzg.k djus ds funsZ”k ds vykok vth.kkZfn O;kf/k
ls nwj jgus ds fy, iwoZ esa xzg.k fd;s x;s vkgkj dk ikpu gksus
ij gh iqu% Hkkstu djus ds funsZ”k fn;s x, gSaA
fofHkUu jksxksa ¼dq"B b-½ ds izknqHkkZo ls cpus ds fy, ijLij foijhr
oh;Z;qDr vkgkj dk lsou u fd;s tkus ds funsZ”k vk;qosnZ esa fd;s
x, gSaA
;ksX; LFkku ij Hkkstu xzg.k djus ls ikpu izfØ;k lqyHk gksus
dk ladsr fd;k x;k gSA blds vykok euks·uqdwy vFkkZr
lkQ&lqFkjs o ;ksX; ik=ksa esa fd;k x;k Hkkstu Hkh ikpu izfØ;k
esa ykHknk;h gksus dk funsZ”k fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkstu dks u rks vfr”kh?kzrk ls vkSj u vR;Ur /kheh xfr ls djus
ds funsZ”k fn;s x, gSaA vfr”kh?kzrk ls Hkkstu djus ls xzg.k fd;s
x;s vUu ij ;ksX; izfØ;k u gksus ds ifj.kkeLo:i vUu dk
O;ofLFkr ipu ugh gksrkA blds foijhr vR;Ur /kheh xfr ls
Hkkstu djus ls r`fIr u gksdj vf/kd ek=k esa vkgkj xzg.k djus
dh laHkkouk gksrh gS ftldk ikpu izfØ;k ij foijhr ifj.kke
gksrk gSA
vkgkj&izfØ;k ij vPNk ifj.kke gks blfy, fcuk cksys&g¡ls o
,dkxzfpÙk gksdj Hkkstu xzg.k djus dks dgk x;k gSA ;g Bhd
mlh izdkj gS ftl izdkj fcuk fdlh O;o/kku ds iw.kZ ,dkxzrk
ds lkFk J)kiwoZd ;K esa vkgqfr nh tkrh gSA
mijksDr egRoiw.kZ funsZ”kksa ds vfrfjDr vk;qosZn izR;sd O;fDr dks
Lo;a ds “kkjhfjd izd`fr ds rFkk “kfDr ds vuqlkj dkSulk nzO;
fgrdj gS o dkSulk vfgrdj b- dk fopkj dj Hkkstu xzg.k
djus dk ,d vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ funsZ”k nsrk gSA
;kSfxd vkgkj ds ifjizs{; esa vk;qosZnh; iF;kiF; foospu %
fofHkUu ;ksx xzaFkksa esa ftu iF;dkjd nzO;ksa dk lekos”k fd;k x;k
gS os lHkh nzO; vk;qoZsn esa ewyr% iF; :i esa gh lekfo’V fd;s
x;s gSaA blds foijhr ;ksx xzaFkksa esa n”kkZ;s x;s vf/kdka”k
viF;dkjd nzO;ksa dks vk;qosZn us iF; ds :i esa n”kkZ;k gSA
bldk o.kZu fuEukuqlkj gS %&

1½ vkgkj & jl
;ksx xzaFkks esa viF; vk;qosZn esa iF; D;ksfa d
dVq jlA dQ”kked gSA
vEy jlA Okkr”kked gSA
rh{.k jlA dQ&fiÙk”kked gSA
yo.k jlA Okkr”kked gSA
2½ Qy & oxZ esa lkSohj ¼csj½ dks ;ksx xazFkksa esa viF; ekuk x;k
gS ftldk foospu iwoZ esa fd;k tk pqdk gS fdUrq vk;qosZn esa bldk
mi;ksx okr rFkk fiÙk”kked ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA
rSy&oxZ %& ;ksx”kkL= esa fof”k’V dkj.kksa ls ljlksa o rSy fry
dks oT;Z ekuk x;k gS fdUrq vk;qosZn mUgs Øe”k% dQokruk”kd
o cydkjd gksus ds dkj.k mi;ksx esa ykrk gSA
e|] eRL; o vktkfn ekal %& ;ksx”kkL= esa bUgas oT;Z ekuk x;k
gS ftldk foospu izdj.k ¼2½ esa fd;k tk pqdk gS fdUrq vk;qoZsn
esa budk mi;ksx fof”k’V voLFkk esa LokLF; & ykHk gsrq fd;k
tkrk gSA
/kkU; oxZ & elwj %& bls ;ksx xazFk esa viF; esa “kkfey fd;k
x;k gS ogha vk;qosZn esa bls focU/k esa mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA
“kkd & oxZ ¼ghax a ] yglwu] dw’ek.M] tEchj b-½ fofHkUu “kkdkas
dk iz;ksx ;ksx xzaFkksa esa viF;dkjd ekuk x;k gS fdUrq vk;qosZn
mUgsa iF;:i esa iz;ksx esa ykrk gSA bldk foLr`r foospu izdj.k
¼2½ o izdj.k ¼3½ esa fd;k tk pqdk gSA
bl izdkj ;ksx xzaFkksa esa n”kkZ;s x;s fofHkUu viF;dkjd nzO;ksa dks
vk;qosZn Loiz;kstukuqlkj iF; :i esa mi;ksx esa ykrk gSA vr%
vk;qosZn esa vUu xzg.k djus ds fy, fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.kksa dk lekos”k
fd;k x;k gSA blls izR;sd O;fDr dks mldh izd`fr ds vuqlkj
iF;kiF; dk ikyu djus ls LokLF; ykHk lgt rjhds ls gks
ldrk gSA blls fl) gksrk gS fd Hkkstu xzg.k djuk egt ,d
mnjHkj.k dh fØ;k u gksdj laiw.kZ LokLF; ds fy, nSuafnu thou
dk ,d vfoHkkT; ?kVd gSA
lanHkZ lwph
Øekad lanHkZ
1 iapeksins'k% & 5
2 iapeksins'k% & 6
3 iapeksins'k% & 7
4 iapeksins'k% & 16


izdj.k & 5
milagkj
;ksx “kkL= vkSj vk;qoZsn nksuksa gh iqjkru dky ls Hkkjrh; thou

i)fr ds vfHkUu vax gSaA ;|fi nksuksa “kkL=ksa ds iz;kstu
fHkUu&fHkUu gSa rFkkfi muesa fo”ks’k lekurk;sa Hkh gSaA igyh lekurk
;g gS fd êkuo&nsg* dks mUgksaus vius iz;kstuksa dk ek/;e cuk;k
gSA nwljh egRoiw.kZ lekurk gS fd nksuksa us lka[; “kkL= dh
l`f’V&izfØ;k dks viuk;k gSA vk;qoZsn LoLFk O;fDr ds LokLF;
j{k.k o fodkjksa dk iz”keu djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS
fdUrq ;ksx”kkL= esa pje y{; dSoY;&izkfIr gsrq fpÙk dh “kqf/n]
eu dk fu;a=.k vkSj ekufld “kfDr ds fodkl ij fo”ks’k tksj
fn;k tkrk gSA bl izfØ;k esa fofHkUu ;ksxkM~-xksa ¼;e] fu;e]
vklu] izk.kk;ke b-½ ds ek/;e ls “kkjhfjd vkjksX; ykHk vkSj
vusd jksxksa dk mi”keu Lor% gh gks tkrk gSA nksuksa “kkL=kas esa
vkgkj dks fo”ks’k egRo fn;k x;k gS tks fd izR;sd tho/kkjh dh
izkFkfed vko”;drk gksrh gSA ;g vkgkj fdl izdkj dk gksuk
pkfg,\ fdruh ek=k esa fy;k tkuk pkfg,\ b- dh ppkZ nksuksa ds
vuqlkj iwoZ ds izdj.kksa ¼1&4½ esa dh xbZ gSA bldk lkjka”k
fuEukuqlkj gS %&
vk;qoZsn esa vkgkj ds egRo dk izfriknu djrs gq, dgk x;k gS
fd vkgkj tgk¡ ,d vksj “kjhj LokLF; ls tqM+k gS ogha vuqfpr
vkgkj jksxksRifÙk esa dkj.k curk gSA vk;qoZsn vkgkj dks ikapHkkSfrd
ekurk gS o y{k.k ds vuqlkj rFkk nzO;ksa ds vo;oksa ds vuqlkj
mlds oxhZdj.k dks n”kkZrk gSA mnk-%& fgrdj vkSj vfgrdj
ifj.kke gksus ls og nks rjg ds izHkkoksa okyk gksrk gS rks mi;ksx
dh n`f’V ls ¼iku] v”ku] Hk{;] ysgÓ½ og pkj izdkj dk gksrk gS
b-A euq’; dks igys ek=kiwoZd vkgkj dk funZs”k fd;k gS A vkgkj
mruk gh gks ftlls tBjkfXu iqu% iznhIr gks A blds lkFk gh
vkgkj dh ghuek=k o vfrek=k dk fu’ks/k fd;k x;k gSA vk;qoZsn
ekurk gS fd vkgkj ls gh jljDrkfn lIr /kkrqvksa dh fufeZfr
gksrh gSA u dsoy gekjk “kjhj cfYd “kjhj iks’kd vkgkj nzO; Hkh
iapegkHkwrksa ls mRiUu gksrs gSa o bUgha iapegkHkwrksa ls ‘kM~jlksa dh
mRifÙk gksrh gS] ,slh vk;qoZsn dh ekU;rk gSA bu jlksa ds xq.k&deZ
b- dk fopkj dj mudk ek=kiwoZd mi;ksx izkf.kek= ds fy,
midkjd o fcuk fopkj ds vf/kd ek=k esa mi;ksx gkfudkjd
lkfcr gksrk gSA jlksa dk leqfpr iz;ksx f=nks’k“kked gksrk gS o
vuqfpr :Ik ls fd;k x;k iz;ksx f=nks"kizdksid gksrk gSA _rq ds
vuqdwy vkgkj&fogkj ds lsou ls euq"; ds cy vkSj dkfUr dh
o`f) gksrh gSA blds lkFk gh D;k fgrdj gS o D;k vfgrdj b-
dk /;ku j[krs gq, iF;kiF; dks vk;qosZn esa fo”ks’k egRo fn;k
x;k gSA blls jksxksa dk iz”keu gksdj LokLF; ykHk dh izkfIr
vuk;kl gh dh tk ldrh gSA fofHkUu vkgkj&nzO;ksa dk izd`fr]
dj.k] la;ksx] ns”k] dky b- dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fd;k x;k
iz;ksx vk;qosZn ds iz;kstu esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA
fofHkUu ;ksx xzaFkksa ¼g-;ks-iz-]?ks-la-b-½ esa ;ksxlk/kdksa ds fy, vkgkj
ij fo”ks’k cy fn;k x;k gSA vkgkj gsrq LFkku fo”ks’k ds egRo dk
izfriknu fd;k x;k gS tgk¡ ikSf"Vd vUu dh miyC/krk ij tksj
fn;k x;k gSA gB;ksxh dks ,slh dqfV;k eas jgus ds funsZ”k fn, x,
gSa tks xkscj ls vPNh rjg fyih&iqrh gksdj ogk¡ jU/kz] xrZ b- u
gksa vr% fdlh Hkh izdkj ds tho&tUrqvksa dh ck/kk u gksus ls
vUu&fo"kck/kk ls Hkh cpk tk ldrk gSA ;ksxkH;klh lk/kd ds
fy, ek=kiwoZd vkgkj xzg.k djus dk funsZ”k yxHkx lHkh ;ksxxzUFkksa
esa izeq[krk ls fd;k x;k gSA blds lkFk gh vR;kgkj dks fo?u ds
:i esa izLFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA “kqfprk ¼”kkSp½ dk Hkh o.kZu lHkh
;ksxxzUFkksa esa ns[kus dks feyrk gS ftldk vkgkj izfØ;k ij izHkko
gksuk LokHkkfod gSA
;ksx xzUFkksa essa eq[;r% lqfLuX/k&e/kqj vkgkj dks xzg.k djus dk
funsZ”k fn;k x;k gS tks ;kSfxd izfØ;kvksa ds n`f"Vdks.k ls fdlh
Hkh ;ksxlk/kd ds fy, vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ izrhr gksrk gSA blh ds
lkFk D;k iF;dj gS o D;k viF;dj bldk Hkh fo”ks’k :i ls
mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA g-;ks-iz- o ?ks-la- esa n”kkZ, x, ^ferkgkj* o
^fgrdj&vkgkj* dk mYys[k Jh- xh- esa ^lkfÙod& vkgkj* ds
vUrxZr fd;k x;k gS rFkk viF;dj o vfgrdj vkgkj dk Øe”k%
^jktfld* o ^rkefld&vkgkj* ds vUrxZr mYys[k ns[kus dks
feyrk gSA
vr% ge bl fu’d’kZ ij igq¡p ldrs gSa fd ;ksx vkSj vk;qoZsn nksuksa
gh “kkL=ksa esa vkgkj ls lEcfU/kr vusd lekurk;sa gSa o nksuksa gh
ek=k;qDr vkgkj dk funsZ”k djrs gSaA blh izdkj mfpr LFkku ij
vkgkj xzg.k djus dks nksuksa gh “kkL=ksa us ekU;rk nh gSA vk;qosZn
esa vkgkj xzg.k djrs le; vU; lko/kkfu;k¡ cjrus dk Hkh funsZ”k
fd;k x;k gS] mnk- %& vtYiu~] vglu~ b-A ;ksx xzUFk bldk
vyx ls funsZ”k ugha djrs fdUrq g-;ks-iz- esa ;ksxlk/kd ds efBdk
ds y{k.k esa ^,dkUrs efBdke/;s LFkkrO;a gB;ksfxuk* dk funsZ”k
fd;k x;k gS ftlls bu funsZ”kksa dk ikyu vuk;kl gh gks tkrk
gSA
bl izdkj nksuksa gh “kkL=ksa esa vkgkj ls lEcfU/kr vusdkusd funsZ”kksa
esa ,d:irk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS fdUrq iF;kiF; foospu esa “kkL=ksa ds
iz;kstu ds vuqlkj fHkUurk ik;h tkrh gSA ;Fkk & ;kSfxd vkgkj]
ekalkgkj] e|iku b- dk fu’ks/k djrk gS fdUrq vk;qoZsn
Loiz;kstukuqlkj budk mi;ksx djus dh laLrqfr djrk gSA vkgkj
dk vR;kf/kd egRo tBjkfXu gsrq gS D;ksfa d vUuiku :ih bU/ku
ls gh ;g iznhIr jgrh gS vkSj vUuiku ds vHkko esa tBjkfXu cq>
tkrh gSA blfy;s tBjkfXu esa “kjhjiks"kd vkgkj&nzO;ksa dh vkgqfr
ek=kiwoZd o fu;fer :i ls Mkyh tkuh pkfg,A vr% vkgkj dk
xzg.k djuk dsoy mnjHkj.k u gksdj ,d ;KdeZ gS bldk /;ku
j[kk tkuk pkfg,A

ifjf”k’V
;kSfxd xzaFkksa esa of.kZr vkgkj nzO;ksa ds fgUnh i;kZ;okph%&
¼1½
vkgkj nzO; fgUnh i;kZ;okph
xks/kwe xsgw¡
e/kq “kgn
iVksyd ijoy
lkSohj idk csj
dksy dPpk csj
rØ NkN
dqyRFk dqyFkh
[kaM feJh
flrk “kdZjk] “kDdj
“kq.Bh lkSaB
fgyeksfpdk gjdqp
eqnx~ ew¡x
ek’k% mMn
p.kd% puk nky
iula dVgy
dM-~dsky dckc phuh
dkjosYyd djsyk
v:bZ vjbZ] ?kqb;ka

;kSfxd xzaFkksa esa of.kZr vkgkj nzO;ksa ds fgUnh i;kZ;okph%&
¼2½
ddZVh ddMh
jEHkk dsyk
MqEcjh xwyj
okrkZdh cM+s dVsjh
ewyde~ ewyh
tEcw tkequ
gjhrdh gjM
rky rkM
dw’ek.M dqEgMk
rqEch ykSdh
dfiRFk dSFk
ydqpa cMgy
fcle~ deyxÍk
fiz;ky fpjkSath
“kkYefy lsej
dseqde~ QwyxksHkh

¼v½
;ksx o vk;qosZn lEer lka[; lkj.kh

¼c½
nzO;ksa ds xq.kdeZ b- ls lacaf/kr lkj.kh

¼l½
jl nks’k laca/kh lkj.kh

¼n½
;ksxxzaFkksa esa of.kZr vkgkj nzO;ksa dk vk;qosZnkuqlkj o.kZu
gsrq
layXu lkj.kh

l

lanHkZ xzaFk lwph
Ø- xzaFk@iqLrd dk ys[kd@laiknd@ izdk'kd dk uke o irk izdk'ku
uke vuqoknd o’kZ
1 vk;qosZnh; “kjhj f”kodqekj xkSM+ ukFk iqLrd Hk.Mkj jsYos 1990
fØ;k foKku jksM] jksgrd & 01
¼gfj;k.kk½
2 ?ksj.M lafgrk vkpk;Z Jhfuokl pkS[kEck fo|kHkou]okjk.klh 2010
“kekZ
3 pjd lafgrk vkpk;Z fiz;ozr pkS[kEck laLd`r izfr’Bku] 2017
¼izFke Hkkx½ “kekZ okjk.klh
4 pjd lafgrk vkpk;Z fiz;ozr pkS[kEck laLd`r izfr’Bku] 2017
¼f}rh; Hkkx½ “kekZ okjk.klh
5 nzO;xq.kfoKku vkpk;Z fiz;ozr pkS[kEck Hkkjrh vdkneh 2011
“kekZ ubZ fnYyh
6 nzO;xq.kfoKku oS| fo’.kq egknso oS|fe= izdk”ku 701] 2014
xksxVs lnkf”ko isB] iq.ks & 30
7 Hkkoizdk”k MkW- xaxklgk; pkS[kEHkk Hkkjrh vdkneh] 2009
fu?k.Vq% ik.Ms; okjk.klh & 01
8 lqJqr lafgrk dfojkt MkW- pkS[kEck laLd`r laLFkku] 2002
vafcdknÙk”kkL=h okjk.klh
9 Hkkjrh; oS| t;Ur laLd`rHkkjrh] fonHkZ 40] 2014
vkgkj”kkL= ;”koUr nsoiqtkjh lsUVªy ,DllkbZt dkWyuh]
o/kkZ ekxZ] ukxiqj & 15
10 LoLFko`Ùk lq/kk MkW- dk”khukFk vk;qosZn laLd`r fganh iqLrd 2017
lexaMh Hk.Mkj] ubZ fnYyh
11 Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk Jhgfjd`’.knkl xhrkizsl & xksj[kiqj] xksfoan 1988
xks;udk Hkou dk;kZy;] dksydkrk
12 gB;ksxiznhfidk Lokeh Jh pkS[kEck fo|kHkou okjk.klh 2013
}kfjdknkl
“kkL=h



Yoga Va Ayurveda Shashtron Mein Aahar Vishayak Vichaar - Kavikulguru Kalidas

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Yoga Va Ayurveda Shashtron Mein Aahar Vishayak Vichaar - Kavikulguru Kalidas

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vf[kyHkkjrh;&izkP;fo|klEesyu

;ksx o vk;qosZn 'kkL=ks esa

dfodqyxq# dkfynkl laLÑr fo'ofo|ky;

On this occasion, we have published a memorable book of all Chief Patron

Prof. G. U. Thite, Dr. Brijeshkumar Shukla,

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit University Ramtek Collection

xq:czZãk xq:foZ’.kq% xq:nsZoks egsÜoj %A

Øekad “kCn laf{kIrhdj.k

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

Ø- izdj.k izdj.k dk uke i`’B Øa-

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

5 izdj.k 5 milagkj 103

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

Hkwfedk %& Hkkjr esa izkphudky ls gh ;ksx vkSj vk;qosZn nksukas

mijksDr lkj.kh ls ;g Li’V gksrk gS dh vkgkj Hkh ikapHkkSfrd

1-1 vkgkj fo’k;d ewyHkwr rF;

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

1-2 vkgkj o lIr /kkrq fufeZfr

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

1-3 ikapHkkSfrd&’kM~jl vkgkj o f=nks’k o.kZu

jl Pk-la- ¼lw=- 26@40½

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

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CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

2-1 g-;ks-iz- esa funsZf”kr vkgkj&fogkj fu:i.k

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

viF; :iesa n”kkZ;s x;s vkgkj jlksa dk o.kZu %&

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

2-2 ?ks-la- esa funsZf”kr vkgkj&fogkj fu:i.k

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CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

2-3 Jh-xh-esa of.kZr vkgkj&fogkj dk foospu

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

r= [kfYoekU;’Vkokgkjfof/kfo”ks’kk;rukfu HkofUr( r|Fkk

izd`fr dj.k a;ksx jkf”k ns”k dky mi;ksxlaLFkk mi;ksäk

vkgkj ds izdkj ¼fof/k½ ds fgrRo rFkk vfgrRo ¼fo”ks’k½ ds dkj.k

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

CC-0. Kavikulguru Kalidas Sanskrit

f”kf”kj olUr xzh’e

vYi:{krk Ek/;:{krk Rkhoz:{krk

folxZ dky esa euq’;ksa ds cy dh o`f+) dk dkj.k& o’kkZ] “kjn~