Technical Proposal Nepal Kosi West Rapti Final

Government of Nepal
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM)

Building Resilience to Climate Related Hazards
(RFP No.: PPCR/DHM/S/QCBS-34)
ESTABLISHMENT OF “END-TO-END” FLOOD EARLY WARNING

SYSTEM IN KOSHI AND WEST RAPTI RIVER BASINS TO SUPPORT
AND STRENGTHEN DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
Technical Proposal
DHI (India) Water & Environment Pvt. Ltd.
In association with
Institute of Water Modelling, Bangladesh
Consolidated Management Services Nepal (P.) Ltd.
Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI), Nepal.
February 2016
DHI (India) Water & Environment Pvt Ltd• NSIC Bhawan, NSIC - STP Complex• 11 00 20 New Delhi• India•
Telephone: +91 11 4703 4500 • Telefax: +91 11 4703 4501 • • www.dhigroup.com
Establishment of “End to End” Flood Early Warning
System in Koshi and West Rapti River Basins to
Support and Strengthen Disaster Risk Management
Prepared for DHM Nepal

Represented by Mr. Saraju Baidya, Assistant Project Director,
BRCH Project
This proposal has been prepared under the DHI Business Management System
certified by Bureau Veritas to comply with ISO 9001 (Quality Management)
Approved by
Proposal manager Dhananjay Pandit
Proposal number 63800912

Approval date 17 Feb. 2016
Revision 1.0
Classification Restricted
© DHI. All rights reserved. No parts of this document may be reproduced, transmitted
or otherwise disseminated in any form or by any means outside the recipient’s
organisation without the prior written permission of DH
technical proposal -nepal-kosi-west rapti-final.docx / DJP / 2013-04-12 - © DHI

CONTENTS
1 FORM TECH-1: TECHNICAL PROPOSAL SUBMISSION FORM ............................. 1-1
2 FORM TECH-2 CONSULTANT’S ORGANISATION AND EXPERIENCE ................. 2-1

2.1 Tech 2A – Consultant’s Organisation ........................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.1 DHI’s experience on Consultancy in Flood Forecasting Modelling ............................................ 2-3
2.2 Institute of Water Modelling (IWM) Bangladesh ........................................................................ 2-4
2.2.1 Area of Expertise and Relevant Experiences ............................................................................ 2-4
2.3 Consolidated Management Services Nepal (P) Ltd. .................................................................. 2-5
2.4 Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI) ......................................................................... 2-6
2.5 Tech 2B – Consultant’s Experience .......................................................................................... 2-8
2.5.1 Relevant Experience of DHI ...................................................................................................... 2-8
2.5.2 Relevant Experience of Institute of IWM, Bangladesh ............................................................ 2-32
2.5.3 Relevant Experience of Consolidated Management Services Nepal (P) Ltd. (CMS) .............. 2-33
2.5.4 Relevant Experiences of Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI) ............................... 2-33
3 FORM TECH-3: COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS ON THE TERMS OF

REFERENCE AND ON COUNTERPART STAFF AND FACILITIES TO BE
PROVIDED BY THE CLIENT ....................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Tech 3A – On the Terms of Reference ..................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Tech 3B – On Counterpart Staff and Facilities .......................................................................... 3-2
4 FORM TECH-4: DESCRIPTION OF APPROACH, METHODOLOGY AND WORK

PLAN IN RESPONDING TO THE TERMS OF REFERENCE ..................................... 4-1
4.1 Project Appreciation and Understanding ................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Overall understanding ............................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 Project Background ................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.3 Current Status of Flood Forecasting System and Need to Improve the System ...................... 4-3
4.1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 4-4
4.1.4 Scope of Services ..................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.2 Technical Approach and Methodology ...................................................................................... 4-5
4.2.1 Overall Approach to the Development of an Integrated Flood Forecast Modelling System....... 4-5
4.2.2 Requirement of the Integrated Flood Forecast system platform................................................ 4-9
4.2.3 Requirement of the flood forecasting and inundation model ................................................... 4-10
4.2.4 The 1D-2D Modeling System .................................................................................................. 4-12
4.2.5 Communication and Dissemination of Flood Forecast & Early Warning System .................... 4-15
4.3 Knowledgebase Development for Comprehensive Risk Assessment ..................................... 4-17
4.3.1 Knowledgebase....................................................................................................................... 4-17
4.3.2 Data Types .............................................................................................................................. 4-17
4.3.3 Database Software .................................................................................................................. 4-17
4.3.4 Database ................................................................................................................................. 4-18
4.3.5 Knowledgebase Design........................................................................................................... 4-18
4.3.6 Data categories ....................................................................................................................... 4-19
4.3.7 External Links.......................................................................................................................... 4-20
4.4 Design and Development of an Operational Decision Support System (ODSS) ..................... 4-20
4.5 Capacity Building & Training ................................................................................................... 4-21
4.6 Post Project Operational Support ............................................................................................ 4-24
4.7 Task Description ..................................................................................................................... 4-25
4.8 Work Plan................................................................................................................................ 4-30
4.8.1 Timing of Activities .................................................................................................................. 4-30
i
4.8.2 Inception Report ..................................................................................................................... 4-31
4.8.3 Task 1 Assessment of the disaster management institutional framework in Nepal ................. 4-31
4.8.4 Task 2 Risk assessment of the threats caused by flood hazard in the two basins .................. 4-32
4.8.5 Task 3 Review of the SI report on observation network and assessment
4-32
4.8.6 Task 4 Assessment of the disaster management institutional framework in Nepal ................. 4-32
4.8.7 Task 5 Communication and dissemination of flood forecast and early warning system ......... 4-33
4.8.8 Task 6 Design and development of an Operational Decision Support System (ODSS) ......... 4-34
4.8.9 Task 7 Capacity Development ................................................................................................ 4-34
4.8.10 Draft Final and Final Report .................................................................................................... 4-35
4.8.11 Reporting Schedule ............................................................................................................... 4-35
4.9 Organisation and Staffing ....................................................................................................... 4-36
4.9.1 Project Organisation ............................................................................................................... 4-36
4.9.2 Staffing.................................................................................................................................... 4-37
4.9.3 Description of proposed specialists ........................................................................................ 4-38
4.9.4 Project Management ............................................................................................................... 4-45
4.9.5 Project Review ........................................................................................................................ 4-45
4.9.6 Reporting ................................................................................................................................ 4-45
4.9.7 Quality Assurance ................................................................................................................... 4-45
5 FORM TECH-5: WORK SCHEDULE AND PLANNING FOR DELEVERABLES ....... 5-1
6 FORM TECH-6:TEAM COMPOSITION, ASSIGNMENT & KEY EXPERTS’ INPUTS 6-1
7 FORM TECH-6 (CONTINUED): CURRICULUM VITAE (CV) ...................................... 6-1
8 Letter of association .................................................................................................... 6-2
ii
1 FORM TECH-1: TECHNICAL PROPOSAL SUBMISSION FORM
To: DHI (India) Water & Environment Pvt Ltd

NSIC Bhawan, NSIC - STP Complex
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Okhla Industrial Estate
IN-11 00 20 New Delhi
Building Resilience to Climate Related Hazards Project
India
Project Management Unit
Nagpokhari, Naxal +91 11 4703 4500 Telephone
Kathmandu +91 11 4703 4501 Telefax
+91 99 10 03 24 36
Email: gnp@dhigroup.com/
Ref: BD/63800 Init: FLJ Date: 21.02.2016 dhi-india@dhigroup.com
www.dhigroup.com
CIN: U74999DL2001PTC113332
Dear Sir/s, DIN: 06731560
We, the undersigned, offer to provide the consulting services for End to End" Flood Early Warning System in
Koshi and West Rapti River Basins to Support and Strengthen Disaster Risk Management" in accordance with
your Request for Proposals RFP No.: PPCR/DHM/S/QCBS-34 dated January 07, 2016 and our Proposal.
Quality and Cost Based selection (QCBS) Method: “We are hereby submitting our Proposal, which includes
this Technical Proposal and a Financial Proposal sealed in a separate envelope”.
We are submitting our Proposal with the following firms as Sub-consultants:
1. Institute of Water Modelling, House # 496, #32, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka – 1206, Bangladesh
2. Consolidated Management Services Nepal (Pvt.) Limited, Bhadrabinayak Marg, New Baneshwor,
G.P.O.Box: 10872, Kathmandu-10, Nepal
3. Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI), Shree Durbar Tole, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, Nepal
We hereby declare that:
(a) All the information and statements made in this Proposal are true and we accept that any
misinterpretation or misrepresentation contained in this Proposal may lead to our disqualification
by Client and/or may be sanctioned by the Bank.
(b) Our Proposal shall be valid and remain binding upon us for the period of time specified in the Data
sheet, Clause 12.1
(c) We have no conflict of interest in accordance with ITC3.
(d) We meet the eligibility requirements as stated in ITC 6, and we confirm our understanding of our
obligation to abide by the Bank’s policy in regard to corrupt and fraudulent practices as per ITC 5.
(e) We, along with any of our sub-consultants, subcontractors, suppliers, or service providers for any
part of the contract, are not subject to, and not controlled by any entity or individual that is subject
to, a temporary suspension or a debarment imposed by a member of the World Bank Group or a
debarment imposed by the World Bank Group in accordance with the Agreement for Mutual
Enforcement of Debarment Decisions between the World Bank and other development banks.
Further, we are not ineligible under the Employer’s country laws or official regulations or pursuant
to a decision of the United Nations Security Council;Except as stated in the data sheet, clause 12.1,
we undertake to negotiate a Contract on the basis of proposed Key Experts. We accept that the
substitution of Key Experts for reasons other than those stated in ITC Clause 12 and ITC Clause
28.4 may lead to the termination of Contract negotiations.
(f) In competing for (and, if the award is made to us, in executing) the Contract, we undertake to
observe the laws against fraud and corruption, including bribery, in force in the country of the Client.
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(g) Except as stated in the Data Sheet, Clause 12.1, we undertake to negotiate a Contract on the basis
of the proposed Key Experts. We accept that the substitution of Key Experts for reasons other than
those stated in ITC Clause 12 and ITC Clause 28.4 may lead to the termination of Contract
negotiations.
(h) Our proposal is binding upon us and subject to any modifications resulting from the Contract
negotiations.
We undertake, if our Proposal is accepted and the Contract is signed, to initiate the Services related
to the assignment no later than the date indicated in Clause 30.2 of the Data Sheet.
We understand that the Client is not bound to accept any Proposal that the Client receives.
We remain,
Yours sincerely,
Authorized Signature {In full and initials} :
Name & Title of Signatory : Dr Flemming Jakobsen, Managing Director

Name of Consultant (Company Name) : DHI (India) Water & Environment Pvt Ltd.
In the capacity of : Managing Director
Address : IIIrd floor NSIC-STP Complex, NSIC Bhawan,
Okhla Industrial Estate, New Delhi – 110 020
Contact Information (Phone and E-mail) : Phone: 011-4703 4500, Fax: 011- 4703 4501
E-mail: flj@dhigroup.com/
dhi-india@dhigroup.com
1-2
2 FORM TECH-2 CONSULTANT’S ORGANISATION AND
EXPERIENCE
2.1 Tech 2A – Consultant’s Organisation
DHI is an independent, international consulting and research organisation. DHI’s objectives are
to advance technological development and competence within the fields of water-environments.
DHI offers a wide range of consulting services and leading edge technologies, software tools,
chemical / biological laboratories and physical model test facilities as well as field surveys and
monitoring programmes. DHI has extensive experience in the development and implementation
of River Morphology Modelling System, River Basin Management Systems, Real Time Flood
Forecast and Reservoir Operation System, Flood Inundation Modelling Systems, Integrated
Water Resource Management and Planning, Decision Support Systems (DSS) for IWRM. DHI’s
experience also covers Natural Resource Management, Climate Change, and Integrated Coastal
Zone Management. Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS applications for Water Resources
Management and Capacity Building under ‘Academy by DHI’. The Headquarters of DHI Group
are located in Hoershlom in Denmark. DHI Group represents 50 years of dedicated research and
real-life experience from more than 140 countries. DHI has more than 1,100 highly qualified
employees worldwide.
DHI’s organisational structure is presented below. The Organisation structure has DHI Software
Products Department, which includes software sales and services and DHI Solutions, which
includes consultancy, research and development.
2-1
Figure 2-1 DHI Organogram
2-2
DHI uses and provides the most up-to-date and advanced technologies for carrying out modelling
studies for river and coastal management including MIKE 11, MIKE 21, MIKE 3, MIKE Urban, MIKE
Basin and others. The newest innovations from DHI include customer-tailored real time decision
support systems for handling and management of data for its conversion into knowledge and
subsequent use for decision making. The online real-time systems developed by DHI are the most
advanced of its kind commercially available in the World, and are installed in hundreds of places. In
India, DHI has been entrusted to implement real time DSS technologies with flow and flood
forecasting and early warning in a number of projects under the Hydrology II program financed by
the World Bank. All activities of DHI are conducted in accordance with internationally accepted
principles for quality management as described in the DS/EN ISO 9001 standard. In addition of the
ISO accreditation of DHI Group as a whole, DHI (India) has also received ISO 9001 certification.
A description of DHI’s activities and key projects can be found on DHI’s website
www.dhigroup.com.
DHI (India) Water & Environment Pvt. Ltd New Delhi is a wholly owned subsidiary of the DHI Group.
DHI (India) will assist the lead firm DHI in all matters of Project management in India. DHI (India) has
a well-established and equipped office in New Delhi, India with Technical Staff strength of about 45.
In addition to its head office in New Delhi, DHI also has offices in Pune, Chennai, Guwahati, Udaipur,
and project offices in Patna, Chandigarh and across the country. DHI’s strong presence in India
supports clients in getting state-of-the-art technical solutions tailored to Indian conditions and in
updating and operating developed models and tools.
Competencies include water resources and environmental assessment, planning and management,
flood forecasting and flood management, hydrological and hydrodynamic flood inundation
modelling, design of data acquisition system, data integration , SCADA, Data base management and
customization with real time data and forecasting, modelling, field surveys and monitoring
programmes, and institutional capacity building and training. DHI’s consultancy services combine
extensive physical knowledge using the most advanced tools and technologies
DHI has worked with a variety of clients in India including Ministry of Water Resources, Government
of India; Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI); Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial
Services Ltd., Government of Tamil Nadu; Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF); Central
Water Commission (CWC); Central Ground Water Board (CGWB); Central Water & Power Research
Station (CWPRS), National Institute of Hydrology (NIH); National River Conservation Directorate
(NRCD); Research organizations and IITS, FMISC Patna Bihar, various Multilateral and Bilateral
Funding Agencies (World Bank, Asian Development Bank, JICA, EU, UNDP); Various State Water
Resources Departments; Hydropower Development Corporations; National Remote Sensing Agency
(NRSA); Port authorities, Industrial companies and private developers.
2.1.1 DHI’s experience on Consultancy in Flood Forecasting Modelling

DHI has extensive experience and expertise in Flood Forecast modelling and in consulting as well
as applied research. Projects have been undertaken in India, other areas of South Asia as well
as other parts of the world with a variety of scope viz. flood modelling, forecasting & early warning,
inundation modelling, rapid flood assessments, flood hazard mapping, flood risk analysis, flood
contingency planning, river embankment strengthening, impact assessments of climate change
issues, flood defence failure studies etc. DHI uses and provides the most up-to-date and advanced
technologies for carrying out modelling studies for flood warning and management including MIKE
11, MIKE 11 Flood Forecasting, MIKE FLOOD and MIKE Customized Real-time. The
MIKEFLOOD suite of models constitutes the most modern and innovative technologies for
advanced inundation modelling integrating the 1-dimensional flood models with 2-dimensional
flood plain models. DHI’s models have been extensively used since the mid 1980’ties for dozens
of major South Asian Rivers, including the Ganges, the Brahmaputra River, and their tributaries
in the upstream reaches in India, as well as further downstream in Bangladesh. The newest
innovations from DHI include customer-tailored real time decision support systems for handling
and management of data for its conversion into knowledge and subsequent use for decision
making. The online real-time systems developed by DHI are the most advanced of its kind
commercially available in the World, and are installed in hundreds of places.
2-3
DHI’s strong foothold in state-of-the-art technical solutions within water and environment has been
the basis of the extensive portfolio of projects within institutional strengthening and capacity
building since the nineteen seventies throughout the world. One of the major institutional
strengthening programmes was conducted in India for the Central Water Commission in the
eighties, and where the basic technologies provided by DHI are still in use. DHI is presently
supporting Water Resources Departments of Assam, Maharashtra and Bihar and Bakra Bias
Management Board in capacity building in India. Another outstanding project was DHIs
participation in the Flood Action Plan in Bangladesh in the nineties, institutional supports to
Bangladesh Water Development Board and other national agencies dealing with the combined
challenges of river erosion and flooding every year. With support from DHI during 2000-2005, the
Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre of Bangladesh is FULLY operational carrying our flood
forecasting, inundation mapping and early warning-dissemination activities managed government
staff. The leading hydraulic institute in Bangladesh, the Institute of Water Management IWM,
formerly known as Surface Water Modelling Centre SWMC, was established in 1986 with DHI’s
assistance, and is today independently carrying out world-class services in flood control, flood
forecasting, river morphology, salinity and sediment transport, coastal hydraulics, bridge
hydraulics etc. using DHI technologies. The Institute of Water Modelling is a good example of how
sustainable institutions could be built to carry out advanced technical activities without continued
dependence on donor funded projects to maintain their technical and human resources capacity.
Lanka Hydraulic Institute from Sri Lanka is another example.
DHI (India) has a well-established and equipped head-office in New Delhi, India with staff strength
of about 45. It has branch offices in Pune, Chennai, Guwahati, Udaipur, and project offices in
Patna, Chandigarh and across the country. Our strong presence in India has allowed us to support
clients in maintaining, updating and operating the developed models, in particular the flood
forecasting models, after the completion of time bound consultancies.
2.2 Institute of Water Modelling (IWM) Bangladesh

Institute of Water Modelling (IWM) provides world–class services in the field of Water Modelling,
Computational Hydraulics & Allied Sciences for improved integrated Water Resources Management.
Through its state-of-the-art services, IWM has earned for itself an enviable place in the country’s
consultancy realm. It is somewhat inimitable organization in the region having sustainable
technological capability in developing mathematical models and decision support systems for both
surface and ground water and related environment. The applications of IWM modelling tools cover a
wide range of water related aspects such as flood control, flood forecasting, irrigation and drainage,
water resources management, river morphology, salinity and sediment transport, coastal hydraulics,
port, coast and estuary management, environmental impact assessment, bridge hydraulics and related
infrastructure development.
2.2.1 Area of Expertise and Relevant

Experiences
Institute of Water Modelling (IWM) offers a wide
range of specialist services in the fields of
morphological modelling, Coastal Hydraulics,
Storm Surge Modelling, Detailed feasibility study
for drainage and navigation improvement and
sustainable water management of different River
channel, flood forecasting, early warning
modelling, water resources planning and
management as well as hydrometric
measurements, hydrographic and topographic
surveys and monitoring, hazard mapping, GIS
Mapping, and Geotechnical study, detail design of
hydraulic structures.
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2.3 Consolidated Management Services Nepal (P) Ltd.
Consolidated Management Services Nepal (P.) Ltd. (CMS Nepal) is a national consulting firm
established in 1992, owned and managed by a group of well qualified multi-disciplinary team of
professionals with long experience and expertise of working in a wide range of developmental
professions and all of them remain actively involved in their own disciplines as directors. CMS's
management organizational structure is presented in chart. CMS has extensive experience in the
development and implementation of Agriculture Development including agricultural planning and
development, agricultural commercialization and land management, agriculture extension, livestock
development, regional development; Infrastructure Development including road engineering, urban
infrastructure development, transportation (urban and rural); Institution and Social Development
viewing institution development, human resources development, training (beneficiary users,
implementing agency staff), stake holder analysis, participation and benefit sharing, education,
community development, study & observation tours; Water and Environment includes water supply
(rural and urban), sewerage & drainage, sanitation, waste water treatment, waste management,
environmental risk and impact assessment, climate resilience. CMS’s experience also covers Water
and Energy Development includes irrigation and groundwater engineering, water resources studies,
river basin studies, hydraulic engineering, surface and sub-surface drainage, integrated irrigation
development, river management & flood protection, hydropower development, power transmission and
distribution, alternate energy. CMS provides a unique combination of multi-disciplinary professional
services to a wide range of development assignments through its strong network and partnership with
consulting firms and professionals both inside and outside Nepal. These professionals are selected on
the basis of their professional competence, experience and commitment to high quality of outputs.
Board of Directors
Auditors and Lawyers
Managing Director
Hari P. Upreti
Support Staff Resource Consultants
Agriculture & Natural Infrastructure Environment & Water Engineering Finance & Admin.
Resource Division Division Institutional Division Division Division
Rajan P. Subedi Ajaya L. Shrestha Upendra Gautam Krishna P. Paudel Hari P. Upreti
Agriculture Planning & Policy Formulation and
Road and Transport Irrigation and Drainage
Development Studies
Forestry & Watershed Water Supply &
Urban Infrastructure Institutional Development
Management Sanitation
IWRM and Basin Social Studies & River Engineering and
Planning Rural Infrastructure
Development Flood Control
Environmental Studies &

Alternate Energy Hydropower
Monitoring
Organogram of Consolidated Management Services (CMC)
CMS is duly registered with the Tax Department and the VAT office (PAN 500048551). The firm's
business transactions are annually audited by the registered auditor and tax clearance is done annually
within the legally prescribed timeline.
CMS has been actively participating in national and international consulting assignments independently
and in association with international partner companies. CMS has established a good professional
2-5
reputation among the international and multi-national clients. Since its establishment, CMS has
provided services to the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, FAO, USAID, UNDP, UNHCR,
Netherlands Development Organization, SDC, IUCN, JICA, DFID, DANIDA, Swiss Disaster Relief Fund,
IFAD, OPEC, to name a few.
In the past, CMS provided its professional services to a wide range of national institutions that include
the National Planning Commission, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Ministry of Agricultural
Development, Nepal Electricity Authority, Departments of Agriculture, Irrigation, Forests, Local
Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, Water Induced Disaster Prevention, Roads, AECP,
BSP, Water Supply and Sewerage, and Water and Energy Commission Secretariat.
CMS also collaborates with international and bilateral consulting companies in undertaking the
development and consulting tasks. Some of organizations with which CMS has developed closed
association include New Zealand-based MWH New Zealand Ltd., AECOM NZ Ltd. and ANDZEC Ltd.,
UK-based Sir William Halcrow and HK Wallingford, USA-based ARD, Camp Dresser and Mckee, the
Netherlands-based DHV Consultants BV and the R. of Korea-based Rural Development Corporation.
Since its establishment, CMS has undertaken more than 150 projects in different areas. CMS has
completed several feasibility studies, detailed engineering design, project preparation and provided
project management assistance in the implementation of several agriculture, irrigation, water supply &
sanitation, hydropower and transmission lines, hydraulics & water resources, and road and
infrastructure projects in the past. CMS has also completed several international assignments. A
description of CMS’s activities and key projects can be found on CMS’s website www.cmsnepal.org.
2.4 Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI)

NDRI is an independent national research institute in Nepal. NDRI was established in 2004 by an
interdisciplinary team of individuals with distinguished professional and academic achievements.
NDRI's objectives are to carry out research and academic activities on contemporary issues related
to national development, and advancement of society and to provide substantive analytical inputs
for policy making on contemporary issues through rigorous research and dissemination of findings.
NDRI is duly registered District with Administration Office of Lalitpur District under Ministry of Home
Affairs and with PAN registration No 301800633. NDRI annual business transactions are annually
audited by the registered auditor.
Water resources development and management is one of the focal research areas of NDRI. NDRI
has healthy experience in river basin planning and management, flood risk management,
hydrological and hydraulic modelling, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, institutional
development and policy analysis. Hence, most of NDRI’s pools of experts have doctoral degrees
and more than 20 years of national and international experience bring in the best technical expertise
in multi-disciplinary fields. They are also involved in preparation of the National Water Resources
Strategy, the Water Plan for Nepal and the Strategic Program for Climate Resilience in Nepal. NDRI
has sufficient staff, is well equipped and is experienced and capable of handling large scale and
complex projects.
NDRI has carried out project activities in almost all of the 75 districts of Nepal since its establishment
in 2004 and has a good working relationship with the national and local government entities as well
as local NGOs, community organizations and international; development partners. NDRI has
undertaken several assignments with the key government agencies working in water sector. These
include: Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS), National Planning Commission (NPC),
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) and Department of Water Induced Disaster
Prevention. NDRI boasts strong collaboration with different International research and development
organizations such as CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS),
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Climate Development and
Knowledge Network (CDKN), World Food Program (WFP), Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO), Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) and International Centre for Water
2-6
Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM), in research related to climate change, food security and
water management and disaster risk reduction.
General Assembly
Executive Committee
Executive Director Program Coordinators
Administrative & Finance Research Scientists &

Divvistion (2) Engineers (1*10)
Research Associates
Admin & Finance (1*10)
Assistants (3) Researchers (2*10)
Office Assistants (5) Research Assistants &

Interns (3*10)
Notes:
i. Research Scientist/Research Engineers: Entry qualification is a doctoral degree
ii. Entry qualification for Research Associate is a Master’s degree and for Research
Organization Chart
Assistant is a Bachelor degree.
Organogram of Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI)
2-7
2.5 Tech 2B – Consultant’s Experience
2.5.1 Relevant Experience of DHI

More than 25 years have passed since the first DHI’s forecasting system became operational.
This was in Maithon, India, where the MIKE 11 models even today provide accurate forecasts of
inflows to the reservoirs. Since then, numerous real time flow and flood forecasting systems have
been established around the world, including in India and the Asian region, in total amounting to
more than 50 real time forecasting systems. The projects cover the technical disciplines required
for the implementation of the Kosi and West Rapti flood forecasting and early warning system.
Specific to the present project, DHI’s extensive experience in the following three areas is listed in
Table 2-1 .
 Experience in flood forecast and inundation modelling in India

 Experience in flood forecast and inundation modelling in developing countries
 Experience in developing user-friendly interface for model operation and upgrading
Some of the key projects relevant to the present assignment covering the above three aspects
are described below.
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Table 2-1 Overview of project experience of DHI in relation to this project
Project name Country Year
Design & Development of Operational DSS

Communication & Dissemination of Flood
Forecast and Web based Early Warning
Capacity Development (Training and

Integrated Real-time Flood Forecast
Inundation modelling & Mapping
Technology Transfer)
Modelling System
Flood Modelling
System
1. Implementation of Real Time Stream Flow Forecasting √
India 2011- √ √ √ √ √
and Reservoir Operation System for Krishna and Bhima
Basins in Maharashtra 2013
2. Flood Forecast and Inundation Modeling System in India 2012- √ √ √ √ √ √

Bagmati- Adhwara Basin
2013
√
3. Development of Real-time DSS for Operational India 2008- √ √ √ √ √
Management of Reservoirs of BBMB (Hydrology II) 2013
4. Operation and Maintenance of RTDSS Centre at Chandigarh India 2014- √ √ √ √ √ √

for a period of 2 years
2016
5. Development of DSS for Integrated Water Resources India 2008- √ √

Development and Management (Hydrology II) 2012
2-9


Modelling System
Flood Modelling
System
6. Integrated Flood and riverbank erosion risk management India 2012- √ √ √ √ √
project, Assam Ongoing
7. Development of Pilot Flood Forecasting & Early Warning
India 2014 √ √ √ √
System for Brahmaputra in Assam
-2015
8. Strengthening existing Ganges-Brahmaputra (G-B) Nepal, India, 2015- √ √ √ √ √ √

regional flood forecasting system (Flood Outlook) Bhutan Ongoing
including Koshi basin
9. Master Plan for Flood and Sediment Management in Kosi India 2014- √ √ √
River Basin: ongoing
10. Consultancy Services for Preparation of Guide Curves for India 2013- √ √ √
Unified Control Reservoirs in Damodar-Barakar Basin Ongoing
including Tenughat Dam:
11. Consolidation and Strengthening of Flood Forecasting Bangladesh 2000-2005 √ √ √ √ √ √

and Warning Services (DANIDA Funded):
2-10


Modelling System
Flood Modelling
System
12. Flood modelling and forecasting system for Chayo Thailand 2012- √ √ √ √ √ √
phraya river basin 2013
13. Chao Phraya River Basin Telemetry Project Thailand 2009- √ √ √ √ √ √

2011
14. Wang Flood Forecasting and Warning Project Thailand 2009- √ √ √ √ √ √

2011
15. Nakhon Sri Thammarat Flood Forecasting Project Thailand 2009- √ √ √ √ √ √

2012
16. Capacity Improvement for Flood Forecasting and Flood Turkey 2008- √ √ √ √ √ √
Control in the TR-BG Region 2010
17. Marun River Basin Management Project Phase I Iran 2005- √ √

2008
2-11


Modelling System
Flood Modelling
System
18. Yellow River Flood Management Sector Project – ADB China 2000 √ √ √ √ √ √
Funded:
19. Toorsa Flood Mitigation and Land Reclamation – Phase Bhutan 2006-2007, √ √ √ √ √ √
II (DANIDA Funded): 2013
20. Environmental Improvement and Flood Mitigation Project Malaysia 2001- √ √ √ √ √ √

for the Klang River (ADB Funded): 2002
21. Hydrodynamic Modelling and Engineering for Bank India 2007- √ √

Erosion works and River Morphology For River Falgu,
2008
Bihar, India (Government Funded):
22. Strengthening of Surface Water Modelling Centre: Bangladesh 1997- √ √

2000
23. Flood Management and Mitigation Strategy Cambodia 2002- √ √ √ √ √ √

Implementation Plan (Mekong River Commission 2003
Secretariat Funded ):
2-12


Modelling System
Flood Modelling
System
24. Songhua Flood Management and Forecasting Project China 2004- √ √ √ √ √ √
(ADB Funded): 2005
25. Flood Forecasting Zambezi River Basin (USAID Mozambique 2007 √ √ √ √ √ √

Funded):
26. Manila Flood Forecasting (JICA Funded): Japan 2001 √ √ √ √ √ √
27. Flow Forecast for Three Gorges Reservoir: China 2004- √ √ √ √ √ √

2006
28. Ubol Ratana Dam - Flood Watch: Thailand 2005- √ √ √ √ √ √

2006
29. Andhra Pradesh Hazard Mitigation and Emergency India 1999- √ √

Cyclone Recovery Project, Study A 2002
30. Computer Aided River Management System Australia 2011- √ √ √ √ √
2-13


Modelling System
Flood Modelling
System
2012
31. Implementation Of Online Model for Ljzer Belgium 2007- √ √ √ √ √ √

2009
32. Development of a flood forecasting system on Mur: Austria 2004- √ √ √ √ √ √

2005
33. Establishment of a Decision Support System for Dam Spain 2001- √ √

Control in the Ebro Catchment
2002
Example of similar projects executed by DHI with their practical outcomes has been presented in following sub-sections.
2-14
Consultancy services for the implementation of real time streamflow forecasting and
reservoir operations for Krishna and Bhima River Basins in Maharashtra (2011-2013)
This is a World Bank (Hydrology Project -2) funded project executed for Water Resources
Department, Government of Maharashtra. The assignment was completed in 18 months as per
contract (August 21011- February 2013) with an on-going technical support period of two years
(March 2013 – Feb 2015).
The main objective of the Krishna real time forecasting project is to equip the Water Resources
Department of Government of Maharashtra with a web-based real time streamflow monitoring and
forecasting system and reservoir operation system for flood management in the Krishna and
Bhima basins in Maharashtra.
The principal outputs in relation to the forecasting and operation guidance system are:
 A Knowledge Base comprising all hydrological, hydraulic, GIS and water resources data
with analytical capability.
 A Forecasting System for reservoir inflows and floods along the river systems
 A Reservoir Operation Guidance System
 A Web based interactive Communication System
 A Capacity Building Programme
The Knowledge Base System (KBS) has been developed in the project, which consists of a
comprehensive database e.g., GIS, topographic, historical meteorological, hydrological and
hydraulic data, links to real time data with capability of updating as data becomes available. In
addition to typical database functions, KBS is capable of performing a variety of data analysis
including resampling and statistical analysis.
The Real Time Streamflow Forecasting and Reservoir Operation System (RTSF&ROS) is built
upon the MIKE11 modelling system which comprises the hydrological rainfall-runoff model, the
hydraulic river routing model based on a fully dynamic solution of the St. Venant’s equations, the
data assimilation process used in real time flow and flood forecasting. The model also produces
inundation maps of downstream floodplains. The “live test” and implementation of the RTSF&ROS
during the monsoon season of 2013 has been completed satisfactorily. (Figure 2.3)
The flood warnings are dissemination via SMS and E-mail alerts as shown in Figure 2-2. The
communication and information management system consists of three main components:
Flow/Flood Warning Reports and Dissemination, the RTSF&ROS Website and the main
communication Web Portal (Krishna Bhima Online Error! Reference source not found.).
In order to build the capacity of WRD, especially the Basin Simulation Division, a variety of
trainings have been conducted. The BSD officers are capable of operating the RTSF&ROS.
Detailed training materials, user guides and scientific references of the modelling software have
been provided. The capacity building activities, especially training of WRD/BSD officers in
modelling, has been a continuous process. The database and models and the forecasting system
together with computer hardware and software have been installed in the operational control room
of the Basin Simulation Division of Sinchan Bhawan, Pune. The control room is fully functional
and the network and servers are fully integrated with the Real Time Data Acquisition System
(RTDAS).
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Figure 2-3 The Forecasting System for Krishna and Bhima basins
Figure 2-3
2-2 Flood warnings via SMS & E-mail alerts
2-16
Figure 2-4 The WEB based flood forecast dissemination portal (Krishna basin,
Maharashtra)
Consultancy Services to Develop Flood Forecast and Inundation Modelling System in Bagmati-
Adhwara Basin, Bihar (2012-2015)
The objective of this WB funded consultancy is to equip the Flood Management Improvement
System (FMIS) Cell in Patna with a comprehensive model/ suite of models for improved flood
forecasting in the Bagmati-Adhwara river basin in North Bihar, and piloting detailed inundation
mapping in an area of 1800 sq. km. based on DEM available from LIDAR survey data to predict
extent, time of arrival, duration and depth at the community level and to predict inundation extent
in rest of the basin area in North Bihar based on SRTM data. The Overview of the system is
shown in Figure 2.6.
The flood forecasting model has been developed based on the hydrological and hydrodynamic
model developed for the Baghmati-Adhwara basins for flood management and disaster risk
reduction. The flood forecasting system (Figure 2.6) has been developed to provide forecast with
72 hours lead-time. In addition to Baghmati-Adhwara catchment inside Bihar the model also
covers upper catchment area situated in Nepal (Figure 2.7). The NAM rainfall-runoff model and
1-D MIKE 11 HD model has been used in the forecasting system using quantitative rainfall
forecast (QPF) from RIMES. Figure 2.8 shows the longitudinal profile in the section of Bagmati
River.
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Figure 2-6 The Forecasting system of Bagmati basin in Bihar
Figure 2-7 Real time user interface of the Bagmati FF system
2-18
Figure 2-8 Rainfall-runoff model catchments in Nepal and Bihar
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Figure 2-5 Longitudinal Profile in part of Bagamati River
Two types of inundation maps were developed using different resolution DEMs. Figure 2.10
shows a flood inundation maps modelled using the SRTM DEM while Figure 2.11 shows a detailed
inundation map modelled using a high resolution DEM prepared from Lidar surveys of an area of
1800 sq.km in the lower part of the basin. Information of flood management intervention like
embankments have been incorporated. Also embankment breach scenarios have been modelled.
DHI’s 1-d river modelling system and as well as the integrated 1D-2D (MIKEFLOOD) modelling
system have been used.
Figure 2-6 Inundation Mapping with SRTM DEM
2-20
Figure 2-11 Inundation mapping with Lidar DEM with embankment breaches showing villages inundated
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Development of Real-time DSS for Operational Management of Reservoirs of BBMB
(Bhakra Beas Management Board) – 2008-2013
The objective of this project is to equip BBMB with a Real-time operational DSS strengthened with
state-of-the-art data acquisition and advanced communication system for Real-time operational
management of Bhakra and Beas reservoirs in an integrated manner. An user friendly interface
based on DHI’s MIKU Customized solution has been developed to integrate all data (historical
and real time) and the modelling system. The final product is a real time DSS (RTDSS) to manage
water resources, forecast flood and inundation, and to operate the reservoirs to avoid flood
disaster.
The Real-time DSS (figure 2.12)) is developed for forecasting of catchment precipitation and
runoff and support decisions for real-time operational planning and management of the reservoirs
and the regulation of water supply to the irrigation systems downstream. A sub-system is
developed to forecast flooding including inundation mapping and help improving flood
preparedness and management. DHI further has undertaken installation, testing, refinement,
evaluation, fine-tuning, commissioning and operational training of RTDSS besides organisation
of dissemination and training programmes and development of an effective outreach plan. DHI
will support BBMB for a further period of 2 years in O&M of the system.
Figure 2-7 Graphic User Interface of Real Time DSS for BBMB (MIKE CUSTOMIZED)
Strengthening existing Ganges-Brahmaputra (G-B) regional flood forecasting system

(Flood Outlook) including Koshi basin (2015-Ongoing)
The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), has developed a pilot
regional flood outlook for the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin under the HKH-HYCOS project with
support from DHI. The pilot flood outlook, which was tested and showed promising results during
the monsoon of 2014, is an integrated Hydrological and hydrodynamic model of the Ganges-
Brahmaputra basin. The outputs of this real time forecasting system included a flood stance for
the next three days by way of flows and water levels at key locations in the river system for use
by member countries in their own forecasts.
As an upgradation of the previous model, a stand-alone model, later to be integrated to the

existing system, was to be generated by the consultant to predict discharges at various GD sites
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located within the catchments contributing to the Koshi River system upstream of Chhatra and
water levels at other stations downstream of Chhatra.
The overall aim of this project is strengthening existing regional flood forecasting system including
Koshi basin. The main objectives of the proposed study are:
 To expand and improve the performance of the Pilot regional flood outlook of Ganges-
Brahmaputra (G-B) basin and selected sub-basins such as in Bhutan, Gandaki, Karnali, Rapti
 To develop an integrated flood model for the Kosi river basin to generate flood forecasts (flow
and level) and flood plain inundation forecasts
 To Support ICIMOD and RMC partner agencies in Nepal, India and Bhutan to build their flood
forecasting capacities.
Figure 2.13 shows the Flood Outlook developed for Koshi in MIKE Operations Real Time package.
Figure 2-8 Koshi Flood Outlook on MIKE OPERATIONS Real Time
The embankment breach was studied for the simulations. The Koshi River left bank embankment
has been considered as breached for length of 1725 m near Kosaha, 12 Km upstream of the
Koshi Barrage. Figure 2.14 show the inundation maps corresponding to return period of 100 years.
2-23
Figure 2-9 Simulated flood inundation extent for 100 yr return period discharge
Flood Forecasting, Bangladesh (2000-05)
The 'Consolidation and Strengthening of Flood Forecasting and Warning Services Project' was
implemented as cooperation between the Government of Bangladesh and Danida. The executing
agency was the Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre (FFWC) of Bangladesh Water
Development Board (BWDB). The project was the latest in a succession of projects initiated by
the World Meteorological Organisation in 1989. The Project had three components/ immediate
objectives:
 Component A focused on the FFWC’s ability to forecast flood levels in all flood prone areas
of Bangladesh and produce inundation maps for selected areas.
 Component B focused on the Centre’s ability to disseminate the flood situation and
warnings to governmental institutions, relief organisations and local communities.
 Component C was carried out in order to make the Centre sustainable by the end of the
project, i.e. institutional matters including the mandate of the Centre, human and financial
resources.
A supermodel for flood forecasting in Bangladesh has been developed based on DHI’s MIKE 11
river modelling system. The FLOOD WATCH system is used in compiling and processing of field
and model data and developing flood warning (Figure 2.15). River flood levels are forecasted at
about 70 points and area inundation maps are produced at national scale and for specific areas.
Daily flood bulletins are produced and widely disseminated through fax, E-mail and the Internet
(www.ffwc.gov.bd). The fact that the FFWC is now fully operational by national Government staff
is a testimony to DHI’s successful knowledge transfer with an integrated approach consisting of
on-the-job training and formal courses.
2-24
Figure 2-10 Example flood forecast output
Flood Forecast Modelling for Greater Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand (2012-13)
In response to the devastating floods that occurred in major parts of Thailand in 2011, DHI was
commissioned by Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII) under the Thai Ministry of Science
and Technology to establish an operational flood management decision support system for the
Greater Chaophraya River Basin, including the city of Bangkok (Figure 2.16).
2-25
Figure 2-11 Example of 2-D inundation modelling in Thailand
Chao Phraya River Basin Telemetry Project , Thailand (2009-11)
The project was issued by the Department of Water Resources (DWR) of Thailand. DHI Water
Environment Health is sub-consultant to DHARA CONSULTANTS CO, LTD, who is the lead
consultant in the project “Chao Phraya River Basin Forecasting”. DHARA was in charge of setting
up the telemetry system and also the IT aspects of displaying the data, both observed and
forecasted. The main object of the project is to install a real-time flood forecasting system in the
local DWR office in the Chao Phraya Basin.
Wang Flood Forecasting and Warning project, Thailand (2009-11)
The project was issued by the Royal Irrigation Department (RID) of Thailand. DHI Water
consultant in the project “Wang Flood Forecasting and Warning Project”. DHARA was in charge
of setting up the telemetry system and also the IT aspects of displaying the data, both observed
and forecasted. The main object of the project is to install a real-time flood forecasting system in
the local RID office in the Wang Basin.
Nakhon Sri Thammarat Flood Forecasting and Warning Project, Thailand (2009-12)
The project was issued by the Royal Irrigation Department (RID) of Thailand. DHI Water
consultant in the project “Nakhon Sri Thammarat Forecasting and Warning Project”. DHARA was
in charge of setting up the telemetry system and also the IT aspects of displaying the data, both
observed and forecasted. The main object of the project is to install a real-time flood forecasting
system in the local RID office in the Nakhon Sri Thammarat Basin.
Capacity Improvement for Flood Forecasting and Flood Control in the TR-BG CBC
Region, Turkey (2008-10)
The main purpose of the project is to set-up the basis for an integrated flood forecasting system,
which allows exchange and modelling of real-time hydro-meteorological data between Turkey and
Bulgaria, and dissemination of outputs with public. The Flood Forecasting Centre established and
positioned at DSI Headquarter Premises as part of this project is the main structural element in
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which all data and meteorological forecasts are collected automatically and arranged for
simulation. The hydro meteorological data generated in Bulgaria is also transmitted to the Flood
Forecasting centre in Ankara on a real-time basis. MIKE FLOODWATCH modelling approach as
developed by DHI is being used to perform project tasks and generate flood forecasts in Edirne
up to a lead time of 30 hours.
Past Experience in Technical Support in Model Operation and Upgrading
Providing technical support to Clients after development of a forecasting system has been a key
responsibility of DHI in many countries. The support has been provided in the following areas:
 Software Upgrades: Since the forecasting systems are based on DHI’s state-of-the-art
modelling software, DHI provides updates of the modelling software, and the Graphic User
interface according to new releases and new developments.
 Support in Model Updating: The hydrological and hydrodynamic models used in the basin
may require updating if new information becomes available. The updates may be in the
form of adding new cross sections, new structures, testing with new data or events and
recalibration. DHI’s support comes as a part of transfer of knowledge so that local officials
are fully capable to update the system in future.
 Operational Support: DHI provides required support to the concerned officials responsible
for the operation of the developed system. This support is generally intensive during first
flood season and slowly is phased out so that Client’s staff gain full confidence in operating
the system, after support period.
 Help Desk and Hotline Support: A hotline support is permanently established as a help
desk support at DHI, with remote access to the system in the Operational Control Room in
the Client premises. The local operational staff and other related officials are able to contact
the DHI experts via E-mail, skype or telephone to resolve any software and operational
problem related to the developed system.
In India, due to a large presence of DHI expert in New Delhi, client support has been very easy
and successful. For example, DHI after establishing the Flood Forecasting, Flood Inundation
Modelling, Reservoir Operation and Warning Systems in Krishna-Bhima basins of Maharashtra,
Bagamati-Adhwara basins in Bihar and for Bakra Beas Management Board, has been providing
technical supports for specific number of years in these projects.
For the Krishna-Bhima project in Maharashtra, as stipulated in the contract, the Technical Support
period has started from 17 February 2013 and has commenced on 28 February 2015. Activities
in the two year Technical Support period are directed towards ensuring the Forecasting continues
as a relevant and robust system for water resources and flood management in the Krishna-Bhima
Basin.
 During this period the software updates for MIKE 11 and MIKE Basin have been provided
with new releases of MIKE software and the interface system in the control room is running
on these updated versions. Also the updated versions of Knowledge Base System (KBS)
system are operational in Control Room.
 Real time data from RTDAS provided is successfully integrated with KBS as input to the
forecasting system.
 The forecasting system is operationally running with RTDAS. Analysing the results from 1st
July, 2013 to 31st October, 2013 and based on the experience gained, the models are
fine-tuned and being operated in operational mode from 2014 monsoon.
 There is continuous monitoring of system in Control Room with full support from
Consultants.
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 The WRD officials are being involved in daily operations of system and are getting trained
with the continuous interaction with consultants.
 Technical Support period has started from 17 February 2013 and successfully commenced
on 28 February 2015 (Figure 2.18).
Figure 2-12 Example of Krishna forecasting system operational in 2013 flood season
2-28
Figure 2-13 Completion Certificate for Detailed Task and Technical Support Period for
RTSF&ROS for Krishna & Bhima in Maharashtra
2-29
BBMB has awarded two year contract in Operation and Maintenance of RTDSS from June 2014
to May 2016 and likely to be extended for few more years Figure 2-14.
Figure 2-14Operation and Maintenance of RTDSS Centre of BBMB
2-30
Similarly, DHI has supported the FMIS Cell of WRD Bihar in operating the flood forecasting
system for the Bagamati-Adhwara basin in 2013 and is planning to continue in 2014. Figure
2.10 Figure 2- shows the flood bulletin published by FMISC.
DHI Track record of providing operational support is long, specifically in Bangladesh where the
Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre (FFWC) has been in full operation since 2000, with initial
support of DHI for only a few years after commissioning of the system.
Figure 2-0 Sample Output of Flood Bulletin in Bagmati-Adhawara Basin
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2.5.2 Relevant Experience of Institute of IWM, Bangladesh
Flood Management Information System (Website development to disseminate Flood Forecasting
Warning message under Consolidation and Strengthening of Flood Forecasting and Warning Services
in Bangladesh
Flood Forecasting and Warning System
(FFWS) was established in 1972. The FFWs
now cover the entire country with 85 Flood
Monitoring Stations and provides real time
flood information with early warning for lead-
time of 24 and 48 hours. The developed
software product is an interactive website.
The web site disseminates Flood
Forecasting Warning message including
Water Level data for various stations
throughout Bangladesh. GIS Maps in image
format has been used to make the website
interactive. The water level stations are
shown on the map of Bangladesh in colors to
indicate whether the water level at that
station is above the danger level. The user
can select any station on the map and current
as well as forecasted water level is shown
both in tabular and graphical format. Other
available information includes the date wise
rainfall in different basins, Rainfall
Distribution Map, Flood Statistics and
relevant papers and reports. The web portal
has been developed using DHTML and
JavaScript. A software tool has been
developed to generate MAPs and automatic updating of the web site. Cross Browser compatibility issues have
been duly addressed during the development process.
Disaster Management Information

Network (Develop a Disaster
Management web portal
Comprehensive Disaster Management

Programme (CDMP) has launched a
project titled ‘Support for a Disaster
Management Information Network:
Develop a Disaster Management web
portal’ and has engaged IWM in order to
perform required services for this
project. The main objective of the project
is to develop a web portal to share,
coordinate and disseminate disaster
management information, programs and
guidelines from source down to the
Upazilla level. The portal enables DMIC
to collect, analyze and disseminate
information for risk reduction and
emergency response. This web portal
will establish data communication
network to link the DMIC with
government agencies, NGOs and other
organizations concerned with disaster
management at the regional, national
and local levels. The web portal organizes common platform to capture, organize and share the knowledge of
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disaster management and to create a versatile interface among policy-makers in the Government and Disaster
Managers at all administrative levels.
2.5.3 Relevant Experience of Consolidated Management Services Nepal (P) Ltd.

(CMS)
1. Water Sector Diagnostic and Program Formulation Exercise in Nepal
2. Strategic Planning of Department of Water Supply and Sewerage
3. Second Irrigation Sector Project Preparation
4. Nepal Irrigation Sector Project
5. Water Resources Strategy Formulation Stage-II
6. Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
7. Preparation District Plan/Profiles on Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project for
Sindhuli
8. Mahakali Irrigation Project, Stage III
9. Guidelines for Gender Sensitive District Level Agricultural Development Planning
10. Road Maintenance and Development Project: Institutional Strengthening Component
(IDA)
11. Agriculture Sector Performance Review
12. Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Project
13. Integrated Social and Environmental Assessment Study for the Proposed IWRMP
14. Formulation of Energy Resources Strategy of Nepal
15. Agricultural Land Reclamation Works
16. Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project
17. Preparation of Long Term Vision of Nepal's Water Resources and Energy Sectors
2.5.4 Relevant Experiences of Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI)
NDRI has good experience in researches relevant to given assignment. NDRI has worked
projects related to disaster risk reduction (focusing on floods) and more importantly they are
specific to the study area Koshi and West Rapti River Basins. NDRI relevant works include:
 Comprehensive risk assessment due to floods in Koshi and West Rapti Basin
 Analysis of disaster risk reduction framework (focusing floods) at local and national level
 Hydrological modeling of the study basins and hydraulic modeling including flood inundation
modelling
 Capacity building and institutional strengthening
Major Projects Carried Out by NDRI Directly Relevant to the given Assignment are:
Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Koshi River Basin, Nepal
(2012-13)
This is a Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) and System for Analysis
Research and Training (START) funded project. This assignment was completed in 17 month
(June 2012- December 2013). The main objectives of this project are to assess the impact of
climate change on cu rrent and future development in Koshi River Basin due to increased
variation of extreme climate and hydrological events, and to propose the adaptation measures
and policy innovations for disaster risk reduction (focusing on floods) and climate change
adaptations. Core activities of the project related to this assignment are:
 Hydro-meteorological diagnostics of Koshi River Basin in present and future climate change
context
2-33
 Modelling of Koshi River Basin: This includes Snow-melt runoff modelling using SRM model,
Rainfall-Runoff modelling and Sediment transport modelling using SWAT model and
Hydraulic modelling for flood hazard mapping using HEC-RAS
 Detailed vulnerability and risk assessment in the study area due to flood hazards in present
and future climate context
 Institutional analysis regarding flood disaster risk management at national level pertinent to
the study
 Contribution to policy process at national and community level based on the results
Modelling of August 2008 flood in Koshi River
Assessment of Flood Inundations under the Effect of Climate Change in Lower West Rapti
River Basin in Nepal (2011/12)
This project focuses on the flood risk

management under the impact of
climate change. This project is
conducted together with International
Centre for Water Hazard and Risk
Management (ICHARM), Japan in
2011-2012. Here, adopted
methodology was a community -based
field survey followed by hydrological
model and inundation hazard mapping
to estimate the present and future
flood damages for households and
agriculture. The study was conducted
in West Rapti Basin. Core activities
carried out in the project related to this
assignment are;
 Community based survey
regarding the flood vulnerability
and damages
 2D Flood inundation modelling
using RRI inundation model; and Agricultural Damage Mapping in Climate Scenario in
flood hazard mapping Lower West Rapti Basin
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 Integration of hydrological-hydraulic modelling with socio-economic approach for flood
damage assessment in present and future climate scenario
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Hydroelectric Sector in Nepal (2014-ongoing)

This project aims to assess the impact of climate change in hydroelectric sector in Nepal. This funded
by Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) and is ongoing since Feb 2014. The work
is led by Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI) - Nepal, working in collaboration with Practical
Action Consulting (PAC), Nepal and Global Adaptation Partnership (UK) Limited (GCAP). The main
objective of this project are to develop a solid evidence base on the vulnerability of the hydro-sector to
climate change and identify viable adaptation options that
enhance resilience to understand and SWAT Modelling in Koshi Basin
address the challenges of mainstreaming
adaptation in the sector and to build
capacity and help enable adaptation
action amongst policy makers and the
private sector. The study area includes the
river basins in Nepal including Koshi river
basin. The major components to this
project related to the given assignment
are:
 Analysis of hydro-meteorological
conditions in the study area
 Hydrological modelling (including
snow melt runoff modelling) with
SWAT for analysing present and
future situation of water availability in study area
 Study of the floods and water induced disasters
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A feasibility Study on Integrated Community based flood disaster Management of Banke District, Nepal
(2008)
This research is the joint research conducted by NDRI and
ICHARM (Japan) in 2008 aimed at investing the flood disaster
problem for finding the root causes and devising strategy to
manage flood with community based approach by targeting
improvement in the resilience of the community within the
broader framework of enhancing livelihood options and poverty
alleviation in Village development communities of Lower West
Rapti Basin. The major activities of the project related to given
assignment are:
 Preparation of flood inundation mapping using HEC-
RAS for various return period of floods
 Preparation of the participatory flood hazard and
physical vulnerability maps, risk map of the settlements
and infrastructures,
 Participatory planning for flood control and mitigation
including preparation of community action plan
 Institutional analysis regarding flood risk management
Social Risk Mapping in Matehiya and
Gangapur VDC of Lower West Rapti Basin
List of other relevant projects relating to water resources development and planning, disaster risk reduction,
institutional and policy analysis, capacity development are listed below:
Experience of NDRI in Region
Relevant Projects
Project
Project Name Client Geographical coverage
Duration
Strengthening Generation and
Dissemination of Climate-Based Agro- May 2014-May
USAID/USA Dhanusha district
Advisories for Smallholder Farmers in 2015
South Asia
December2014-
Stream Flow Analysis in Bagmati Basin CSIRO Bagmati river basin
August 2015
DanishHydraulic
ADB TA-8050 NEP: Bagmati River Institution (DHI) October-
Improvement Project - T1 Consulting /NDRI Bagmati River Basin
December 2014
Services for Bagmati (43448-012)
(Joint venture)
Exposure Data Mapping and defining November
vulnerability curves: Koshi Basin Risk DHI Singapore 2014- January Morang, Sunsari
Modelling 2015
Field Assessment for Community Sindhuli , Kotang,
Mercy Corps May-June 2014
Resilience Program Bajhang, Doti, Darchula
Assessment of Water Resources U.S. Forest May-September
Management and Freshwater Service Nepal
2014
Biodiversity in Nepal International
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Relevant Projects
Project
Duration
Programs
Office-
USAID/Nepal
To Design and Conduct Formative to
January 2014-
Guide UNICEF’s Comprehensive UNICEF-Nepal Dolpa, Dhanusha
June 2014
Communication for Development (C4D)
National Adaptation Prioritization for August 2013- Rupandehi and Chitawan
CCSAP-IWMI
Agriculture in Nepal February 2014 districts
Climate
Change,
Agriculture and
Food Security
Climate Change Agriculture and Food (CCAFS)/
April-December Rupandehi and Chitwan
Security (CCAFS) research activities in Consultative
2013 districts
Nepal Group on
International
Agricultural
Research
(CGIAR)
Climate
Change,
Agriculture and
Food Security
Food Security and Vulnerability to (CCAFS)/
October 12-
Climate Risk in Nepal: An Online Consultative Nepal
March 2013
Decision Support Tool Group on
International
Agricultural
Research
(CGIAR)
ICIMOD,
Himalayan Climate Adaptation Project December2011-
Khumaltar, Nepal, India and Pakistan
(HICAP) – Nepal, India and Pakistan May 2012
Lalitpur, Nepal
August 2011 to
Evaluation of Projects on Rainwater Plan Nepal
September Makawanpur and
Harvesting in Makawanpur and Pulchowk, 2011 Kathmandu District
Kathmandu Lalitpur nd
(2 phase)
Alternative
Local Capacity Building for the December
Energy
Implementation of District Climate and 2011-February Illam district
Promotion
Energy Plans (DCEP) in Ilam district 2012
Center (AEPC)
Evaluation of Project on Rainwater Plan Nepal July 2009
Makawanpur district
Harvesting in Makawanpur (1stphase)
Final Evaluation of Strengthening Local Bharatpur-Chitwan,
Capacities in Integrated solid Waste Practical Action March to April Byas-Tanahun,
Management (ISWM) in Small and Nepal 2009 Nepalgunj-Bankeand
Medium Municipalities of Nepal Birendranagar-Surkhet
Developing an Atlas on Food Insecurity May 2007 to
UN-WFP 75 districts in Nepal
and Vulnerability in Nepal May 2008
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Relevant Projects
Project
Duration
United Nations September Far and Mid-Western
Migration and remittances during crisis:
World Food 2007 to October Region, Eastern Terai
implications for WFP response
Programme 2008 Regions
UN World Food
Programme September 23 districts in mid-
Food Assistance for Conflict-affected (WFP) 2007 to western development
Populations in Nepal
Pulchowk, December 2007 region (1st phase)
Lalitpur, Nepal
A comprehensive list of similar assignments carried out by Consortium

(as per RFP format) is presented in the below table..
2-38
List of Similar Assignments
DHI
Assignment name/& brief description of main Name of Client & Approx. Contract value
Role on the Assignment
Duration deliverables/outputs Country of (in US$ equivalent)/
Assignment Amount paid to your firm
Aug. 2011 Real Time Stream flow Forecasting and Chief Engineer Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
- Feb 2013 Reservoir Operation System for Krishna and (Planning & Hydrology), contract (in current US$ or
18 Months Bhima Basins in Maharashtra: Water Resources Euro):
(Support Department, Govt of
Period 24 The main objective of the RTSF&ROS project is to Maharashtra 978,911 € and 24,944,320
Months) equip the Water Resources Department of INR
Government of Maharashtra with a web-based real Country: India
time stream flow monitoring and forecasting system Location within country: Approx. value of the
and reservoir operation system for flood Maharashtra services provided by your
management in the Krishna and Bhima basins in firm under the contract (in
Maharashtra. It is envisaged that the system would current US$ or Euro):
facilitate reservoir operators to act on time based
on Inflow/Flood forecast and early warning system 978,911 € and 24,944,320
as well as mapping of flood inundation area to alert INR
the stake holders in any eventuality of floods. In
addition, the reservoir operation system would
facilitate the optimization of the storages for
ensuring flood cushion and improving agricultural
productivity.
A Knowledge Base System (KBS) is developed for

the Krishna and Bhima River basins, which consists
of a comprehensive database including RTDAS data
links. The RTSF&ROS is built upon the hydrological
rainfall-runoff model & the hydraulic river routing
model, the data assimilation process used in real
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time flow and flood forecasting. The communication
and information management system is also
developed which consists of: Early Flow/Flood
Warning Reports and Dissemination, the
RTSF&ROS Website and the main communication
Web Portal.
The work included review of hydro-met network and
recommendation of the final real time Data
Acquisition System consisting of 300 telemetry
stations for rainfall, water level and discharge,
review and use of advanced meteorological
forecasts; development of hydrological and
hydrodynamic models for real time stream flow and
flood forecasting and inundation mapping;
development of a user friendly Flood Watch
Interface, development of web based information
dissemination system, and tools for a real time
decision support system, development of an
operational control room at Pune for implementing
the forecasting system, fully responsible for capacity
building and training for sustainable application of
the models and forecasting systems within WRD. In
order to build the capacity of WRD, especially the
Basin Simulation Division, a variety of trainings have
been conducted. The BSD officers are capable of
operating the RTSF&ROS.
Feb. 2012- Flood Forecast And Inundation Modeling The Joint Director Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
July 2013 System In Bagmati- Adhwara Basin Flood Management contract (in current US$ or
(support till Improvement Support Euro):
May 2015) The objective of this consultancy is to equip the Centre (FMISC), 2nd
FMIS Cell with: i) a comprehensive model/ suite of Floor, Jal Sansadhan Rs. 8,393,830 / Approx.
models for improved flood forecasting in the Bhawan,Anisabad, 167,876 US$
Bagmati-Adhwara river basin in North Bihar up to Patna – 800 002
Hayaghat; and ii) piloting detailed inundation Approx. value of the
mapping in an area of 1800 sq. km. based on DEM Country: India services provided by your
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available from LIDAR survey data to predict extent, Location within firm under the contract (in
time of arrival, duration and depth at the community country: Bihar US$ or Euro):
level and to predict inundation extent in rest of the
basin area in North Bihar based on SRTM data. Rs. 8,393,830 / Approx.
167,876 US$
After a comprehensive review of current approaches
to flood forecasting in Bihar for flood management
and disaster risk reduction purposes, appropriate
models and integrated hydrologic forecasting
systems were selected to provide flood forecasts
with improved accuracy. The hydrological and
hydrodynamic models were calibrated and validated
with observed historical data. Inundation modeling
was carried out using SRTM and LiDAR DEMs. The
model is integrated with Web based and other data
to provide flood forecasting and is being tested
during the monsoon of 2013. The model is also
customized to use real time directly when RTDAS is
commissioned. The tasks include providing hands‐
on training to build a team of flood forecasting
professionals within FMISC, WRD and other
organizations
Oct. 2008 Development of Real-time DSS for Operational Bhakra Beas Approx. value of the Lead partner in Association
-Sep. 2013 Management of Reservoirs of BBMB Management Board contract (in current US$ or with Mott Macdonald, UK, TCS
19-B Madhya Marg Euro): & Centre for Ecology &
The Bhakra Beas Management Board is in charge Chandigarh-160019, 2,800,000$, 2,240,000€ Hydrology
of regulating water and power from reservoirs within India
the Bhakra-Nangal and Beas Projects for use in Approx. value of the
various states in Northwest India. The objective of Country: India services provided by your
this project is to equip BBMB with a Real-time Location within firm under the contract (in
operational DSS strengthened with state-of-the-art country: North-west current US$ or Euro):
data acquisition and advanced communication 1,700,000$, 1,360,000€
system for Real-time operational management of
Bhakra and Beas reservoirs in an integrated
manner.
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DHI is the lead firm and in charge of the detailed
needs assessment and the system development.
The Real-time DSS is developed for forecasting of
catchment precipitation and runoff and support
decisions for real-time operational planning and
management of the reservoirs and the regulation of
water supply to the irrigation systems downstream.
A sub-system is developed to forecast flooding
including inundation mapping and help improving
flood preparedness and management. DHI further
undertakes installation, testing, refinement,
evaluation, fine-tuning, commissioning and
operational training of RTDSS besides organisation
of dissemination and training programmes and
development of an effective outreach plan.
June 2014 Operation and Maintenance of RTDSS Centre at Bhakra Beas Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
-May. 2016 Chandigarh for a period of 2 years Management Board contract (in current US$ or
19-B Madhya Marg Euro):
The RTDSS Centre established in the project will Chandigarh-160019, INR 2.99 Cr (461,000 $)
continue to serve as a strong environment for India
knowledge, experience and knowhow for efficient Approx. value of the
operation of BBMB reservoirs. During the operation Country: India services provided by your
and maintenance contract period, RTDSS Centre is Location within firm under the contract (in
being staffed by DHI from a pool of long term local country: North-west current US$ or Euro):
experts and short term expatriate key experts, all of INR 2.99 Cr (461,000 $)
whom, participated in this project. Each staff
provided by DHI have formally been associated to
BBMB appointed officials to ensure a high level of
technology transfer and dedicated on the job training
throughout the O&M period. During the O&M period,
local experts available in the RTDSS Centre
includes Database Administrator, RTDSS/
Modelling expert, and software engineer.
Complementing the long term local experts, short
term expatriate key experts (Technical coordinator,
RTDSS Modelling expert and Database expert) visit
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BBMB and work in the RTDSS Centre as per the
contract. It is envisaged that the key experts will visit
BBMB at regular intervals during the 2 years of O&M
period
Dec. 2008- Development of DSS for Integrated Water National Institute of Approx. value of the Lead partner in Association
Aug. 2013 Resources Development and Management Hydrology, Roorkee - contract (in current US$ or with Mott Macdonald, UK, TCS
247667, Uttarakhand, Euro): & Centre for Ecology &
As part of the National Hydrology Project II, a India. Hydrology
generic Decision Support System (DSS) is 5,375,000€
developed for integrated water resources planning Country: India
and management for nine Indian states and selected Location within Approx. value of the
central agencies. The DSS is customized to address country: Nine Indian services provided by your
problems identified specifically in each state within states firm under the contract (in
the five components of the project, i.e. (i) Surface current US$ or Euro):
water planning; (ii) Integrated operation of
reservoirs; (iii) Conjunctive surface water and 3,091,000€
ground water planning; (iv) Drought monitoring,
assessment and management; and (v) Management
of both surface and ground water quality.
DHI has been in charge of all activities to (i) develop,

together with the National Institute of Hydrology, a
generic DSS Planning covering all five components,
using a pilot/real basins in nine states; (ii) guide
implementing agencies in collection and collation of
data required for development of generic and
customer DSS and develop a database required for
this purpose; (iii) guide and assist the state
Implementing Agency teams to customize the
generic DSS modules and develop respective DSSs
Planning to suit their specific interest for the selected
basins in the states; (iv) tailor a training program on
DSS development and use for participating IA
teams; and (v) provide on-the-job training to
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counterpart NIH and the Implementing agencies in
each of the nine states to ensure that at least 2-3
staff from each team has mastered the use and up
keeping of the developed DSS software and apply
the DSS to address state-specific water resources
issues.
Jan 2012 - Integrated Flood and riverbank erosion risk Flood and Riverbank Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Ongoing management project, Assam (2012-2017) Erosion Management contract (in current US$ or
Agency of Assam Euro):
DHI is the consultant for the ADB funded project on (FREMAA), Govt of
the Institutional Strengthening Component (ISC) of Assam, Guwahati 2,816,058 $
the large project, strengthening capacities of Water
Resources Department and other agencies in Country: India Approx. value of the
Assam in data management, flood & erosion Location within services provided by your
modelling, hydrological and river surveys and country: Assam firm under the contract (in
project implementation. As an extension of the work current US$ or Euro):
DHI has been entrusted to develop a flood
forecasting model for the Brahmaputra river 2,816,058 $
including tributaries.
July 2014 – 34. Development of Pilot Flood Forecasting & Early Flood and Riverbank Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Dec 2015 Warning System for Brahmaputra in Assam Erosion Management contract (in current US$ or
(Support till Agency of Assam Euro):
October, Develop a pilot model covering the main stream (FREMAA), Govt of
2016) Brahmaputra and one or two northern tributaries. Assam, Guwahati INR 1.57 Cr (241,000 $)
Other tributaries will be covered by rainfall runoff
models of their respective catchments. One tributary Country: India Approx. value of the
will be sub-divided into a number of sub-catchments Location within services provided by your
depending on their characteristics, rainfall pattern country: Assam firm under the contract (in
etc. The pilot model will also provide design flood current US$ or Euro):
information to the project pilot areas. The Tranche-1
activities will also focus on capacity building of WRD INR 1.57 Cr (241,000 $)
Engineers, which will ultimately lead to a permanent
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activity of the envisioned Assam Water Resources
Management Institute.
May 2015 - Strengthening existing Ganges-Brahmaputra (G- International Centre for Approx. value of the In association with IWM
Ongoing B) regional flood forecasting system (Flood Integrated Mountain contract (in current US$ or Bangladesh
Outlook) including Koshi basin. Development (ICIMOD), Euro):
Kathmandu, Nepal
The overall aim of this project is strengthening 120,000 $
existing regional flood forecasting system including Country: Nepal
Koshi basin. The main objectives of the proposed Location within Approx. value of the
country: G-B Basins in services provided by your
study are:
Region firm under the contract (in
current US$ or Euro):
 To expand and improve the performance of the
Pilot regional flood outlook of Ganges-
120,000 $
Brahmaputra (G-B) basin and selected sub-
basins such as in Bhutan, Gandaki, Karnali,
Rapti
 To develop an integrated flood model for the
Kosi river basin to generate flood forecasts (flow
and level) and flood plain inundation forecasts
 To Support ICIMOD and RMC partner agencies
in Nepal, India and Bhutan to build their flood
forecasting capacities.
Feb 2014 – Master Plan for Flood and Sediment Flood Management Approx. value of the In Association with Lead Partner
Ongoing Management in Kosi River Basin Improvement Centre, contract (in current US$ or M/s URS Scot Wilson
The objective of consultancy services is to prepare WRD, Government of Euro):
environmental friendly, socially sustainable and Bihar,
techno-economically feasible Master Plan for Flood Office of Joint Director, INR 4.2 Crores
and Sediment Management for Kosi River Basin. FMSIC, 2nd Floor,
Water Resources Approx. value of the
Major Tasks : Building, Anisabad, services provided by your
Patna
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firm under the contract (in
 Studies on meteorological, hydrological,
Country: India / Nepal current US$ or Euro):
morphological, erosion, resistance parameters
Location within
sedimentation aspects.
country: Bihar INR 1.8 Crores
 1D and 2D Hydraulic Modelling and Sediment
modelling
 Proposals for Flood Warning System and other
non-structural measures
 Frequency Analysis for 5,10,25 and 50 years
 Flood Hazard Mapping
Jan 2013 – Consultancy Services for Preparation of Guide Damodar Valley Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
June 2015 Curves for Unified Control Reservoirs in Corporation contract (in current US$ or
Damodar-Barakar Basin including Tenughat Administrative Building Euro):
Dam Maithon Dam, Dhanbad INR 12,014,750
Jharkhand, PIN-828207
The overall objective is to equip DVC to have user Approx. value of the
friendly internet-based software for forecasting of Country: India services provided by your
inflow hydrographs of all the reservoirs and Location within firm under the contract (in
Durgapur barrage at user defined interval. country: Jharkhand current US$ or Euro):
INR 12,014,750
The principal outputs in relation to the forecasting
and operation guidance system is: (1) A hydrological
data base comprising Historical data, Real time
weather forecasts, Real Time Data Acquisition
System (2) A Forecasting System for reservoir, river
and flood plain levels and flows efficiently utilising
weather forecasts, real time satellite data and the
RTDAS, (3) A Guidance System for integrated
optimal reservoir operations for flood and water
resources management year round, (4) A web
based interactive Communication System allowing
access to the Knowledge Base, and the Forecasting
and Guidance Systems for DVC offices and
stakeholders, (5) A comprehensive Capacity
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Building programme for DVC comprising formal
training courses, on-the-job training, workshops,
and hotline support
Jan 2000 Consolidation and Strengthening of Flood Danida for the Flood Approx. value of the Lead Partner in Association
- Dec 2006 Forecasting and Warning Services Forecasting and contract (in current US$ or with
Warning Centre Euro): IWM,
The 'Consolidation and Strengthening of Flood Bangladesh Water $3,998,000 or 2,942,000€ Mott Macdonald (UK), NCG
Forecasting and Warning Services Project' was development Board (DK)
implemented as cooperation between the 8th floor WAPDA Approx. value of the
Government of Bangladesh and Danida. The Building services provided by your
executing agency was the Flood Forecasting and Dhaka, Bangladesh firm under the contract (in
Warning Centre (FFWC) of Bangladesh Water current US$ or Euro):
Development Board (BWDB). The project was the Country: Bangladesh $2,998,500 or 2,206,500€
latest in a succession of projects initiated by the Location within
World Meteorological Organisation in 1989. The country: Dhaka
Project had three components/ immediate
objectives:
 Development of flood forecast and inundation
models
 Dissemination of flood forecast information and
warning messages
 A sustainable FFWC
A supermodel for flood forecasting in Bangladesh

has been developed based on DHI’s MIKE 11 river
modelling system. The FLOOD WATCH system is
used in compiling and processing of field and model
data and developing flood warning. River flood
levels are forecasted at about 70 points and area
inundation maps are produced at national scale and
for specific areas. Daily flood bulletins are produced
and widely disseminated through fax, E-mail and the
Internet (www.ffwc.gov.bd). Direct transmission of
flood forecasts and warnings messages to district
2-47
and sub-district level disaster management
committees has been recommended.
April 2012- Flood Management and Forecast Modelling for Hydro and Agro Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
March 2013 Greater Chao Phraya River Basin: Informatics Institute contract (in current US$ or
(HAII) for Ministry of Euro):
In response to the devastating floods that occurred Science and Technology 717,602 €
in major parts of Thailand in 2011, DHI was (MOST), Hydro and
commissioned by Hydro and Agro Informatics Agro Informatics Approx. value of the
Institute (HAII) under the Thai Ministry of Science Institute (HAII), 108 services provided by your
and Technology to establish an operational water firm under the contract (in
Rangnam Rd., 8th Floor,
management decision support system for the current US$ or Euro):
Bangkok Thai Tower,
Greater Chaophraya River Basin, including the city 610,000 €
Phayathai, Ratchatewi,
of Bangkok.
Bangkok 10400,
The solution will support Thailand in its effort to issue
Thailand
early warnings in flood prone areas, plan for and
initiate emergency actions, carry out analyses to
contain floods in reservoirs and retention basins, Country: Thailand
and mitigate flood impact on the public and major Location within
industries. country: Greater Chao
The flood modelling and forecasting system is based Phraya River Basin
on MIKE Customised – adapted to meet specific
user requirements for real-time forecasting. The
system incorporates a range of MIKE by DHI
models, including:
 MIKE BASIN for optimal water allocation
within the basin
 MIKE 11 for flood forecasting and
 MIKE FLOOD for two-dimension inundation
modelling and detailed impact assessment
during flood events – for instance as a result
of embankment breaches
 The models are driven operationally by a
range of hydro meteorological monitoring
data widespread across the entire basin.
Real-time telemetered data is used to in the
models and compute accurate forecasts.
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 To ensure a strong transfer of knowledge
and maximum use of the solution, DHI and
HAII have worked together in a partnership
to establish the solution. This ensures that
HAII will actively own and use the system to
enhance flood forecasting and early warning
in the basin.
Dec 2009- Chao Phraya River Basin Telemetry Project Dhara Consultants Co. Approx. value of the In Association with DHARA
May 2011 Ltd. for the Department contract (in current US$ or Consultants
The main object of the project is to install a real-time of Water Resources, Euro): 78,000 Euro
flood forecasting system in the local DWR office in 11/11/1 Soi Ladprao 34,
the Chao Phraya Basin. Lap.Rd
Samsen Nok, Huay Approx. value of the
DHI was responsible for setting up MIKE11 model Khwang services provided by your
for flood forecasting purposes and configuring the firm under the contract (in
10320 Bangkok
Real-Time application Flood Watch. Training end- current US$ or Euro):
Thailand
client in using Flood Watch, and creating web pages 78,000€
180/3 Rama VI Rd. Soi
that present the results of the flood forecasts.
34, Phayathai
10400 Bangkok
Thailand
Country: Thailand
Location within
country: Bangkok
June 2009- Wang Flood Forecasting and Warning project Dhara Consultants Co. Approx. value of the In Association with DHARA
Feb 2011 Ltd. for the Royal contract (in current US$ or Consultants
The main object of the project is to install a real-time Irrigation Department, Euro):
flood forecasting system in the local RID office in the 11/11/1 Soi Ladprao 34, Euro 95,197
Wang Basin. Lap.Rd, Samsen Nok,
Huay Khwang
DHI was responsible for setting up MIKE11 model 10320 Bangkok Approx. value of the
for flood forecasting purposes. Installing and services provided by your
Thailand
configuring the Real-Time application FloodWatch. firm under the contract (in
811 Samsen Road,
Training end-client in using FloodWatch and current US$ or Euro):
Dusit
95,197€
10300 Bangkok
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creating web pages that present the results of the Thailand
flood forecasts
Country: Thailand
Location within
country: Bangkok
Jan. 2009- Nakhon Sri Thammarat Flood Forecasting and Dhara Consultants Co. Approx. value of the In Association with DHARA
Dec.2012 Warning Project Ltd. for the Royal contract (in current US$ or Consultants
Irrigation Department, Euro):
The main object of the project is to install a real-time 11/11/1 Soi Ladprao 34, Euro 112,000
flood forecasting system in the local RID office in the Lap.Rd
Nakhon Sri Thammarat Basin. Samsen Nok, Huay
Khwang Approx. value of the
DHI was responsible for setting up MIKE11 model services provided by your
10320 Bangkok
for flood forecasting purposes and configuring the firm under the contract (in
Thailand
Real-Time application Flood Watch. Training end- current US$ or Euro):
811 Samsen Road,
client in using Flood Watch and creating web pages 112,000€
Dusit
that present the results of the flood forecasts.
10300 Bangkok
Thailand
Country: Thailand
Location within
country: Bangkok
Sept. 2008 Capacity Improvement for Flood Forecasting State Hydraulics Works Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
- April 2010 and Flood Control in the TR-BG CBC Region of Turkey (DSI), Edirne contract (in current US$ or
Turkey Euro):
The main purpose of the project is to set-up the 581,000€
basis for an integrated flood forecasting system, Country: Turkey
which allows exchange and modelling of real-time Location within Approx. value of the
hydrometeorological data between Turkey and country: Vicinity of the services provided by your
Bulgaria, and dissemination of outputs with public. City of Edirne firm under the contract (in
The Flood Forecasting Centre established and current US$ or Euro):
positioned at DSI Headquarter Premises as part of 404,000€
this project is the main structural element in which
all data and meteorological forecasts are collected
automatically and arranged for simulation. The
2-50
hydro meteorological data generated in Bulgaria is
also transmitted to the Flood Forecasting centre in
Ankara on a real-time basis.
MIKE FLOODWATCH modelling approach as
developed by DHI is being used to perform project
tasks and generate flood forecasts in Edirne up to a
lead time of 30 hours. The six components of DSS
Planning are: (i) Surface water planning; (ii)
Integrated operation of reservoirs; (iii) Establishment
of forecasting models; (iv) Establishment of
operational FFEWS; and (v) Development of Flood
Inundation maps; (vi) Technology Transfer and
Training
DHI has been in charge of all activities to: (i)

Establish Bulgarian-Turkish data exchange
programme; (ii) Develop hardware and
communications; (iii) Prepare real-time data feeds;
(iv) Harmonize data, including digital maps; (v)
Analyse flood generating mechanisms, including
extreme value analyses and spatial correlation
analyses, flood mapping for selected return periods
and identification of flood alarm thresholds; (vi)
Establish technology transfer and training plan; (vii)
Collect and review hydrometeorological data within
Bulgarian and Turkish territory; (viii) Provide field
survey; (ix) Establish Forecasting Models; (x) Model
conceptualization, calibration and verification.
Sept. 2005- Marun River Basin Management Project, Phase Khuzestan Water and Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Sept. 2008 I Power Authority, contract (in current US$ or
Farvardin Ave. Golestan Euro):
The Marun Rivers rises in the eastern part of the Area $1,258,000 926,000€
Zagros Mountains, flows westwards into the P.O.Box 614
Khuzestan Plain enters the Shadegan Wetland Ahwaz, Iran Approx. value of the
where a significant part of the flow evaporates. services provided by your
2-51
The flow in the Marun River is regulated at the Country: Iran firm under the contract (in
Marun Dam, which has been constructed primarily Location within current US$ or Euro):
to serve irrigation schemes along the rivers country: Ahwaz $894,000 658,000€
downstream but also for flood control and
hydropower production. Other dams are at present
under study in the Marun Basin.
The project included:
 Design of comprehensive data collection
programmes
 Hydrological modelling
 Development of hydraulic, water quality and
morphological models of the Marun River
System, based on MIKE 11
 Design of telemetry system
Mar 2000 - Yellow River Flood Management Sector Project Asian Development Approx. value of the Lead Consultant
Nov. 2000 – ADB Funded: Bank, contract (in current US$ or
6 ADB Avenue Euro):
The objective of the project is the reduction of P.O. Box 789
flooding in the lower Yellow River Basin through 0980 Manila 1,409,000 $
improved flood management, within the context of Philippines
natural resource management throughout the river Approx. value of the
basin. Country:China services provided by your
Location within firm under the contract (in
The outputs from the study are: country: Yellow River current US$ or Euro):
 A Review and Assessment of the Flood Basin, Northern China
Management Plan prepared by YRCC. 1,128,000 $
 Recommendations for a Long Term Flood
Management Plan to the year 2020, as the
basis for the selection of representative Core
Sub-Projects.
 Conduct Feasibility level studies for the Core
Sub Projects, including embankment protection
and strengthening, a flood retention basin,
raised platforms for vulnerable villages and
2-52
non-structural measures including flood
forecasting and warning.
 Suggestions/plans on integration of GIS/ MIS
into Flood Management Planning
 Institutional Strengthening and Capacity
Building including training to key staff
 A Sector Project for Improved Flood
Management.
July 2006- Toorsa Flood Mitigation and Land Reclamation Ministry of Housing & Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
July 2007 – Phase II (DANIDA Funded): Urban Development contract (in current US$ or
Phuentsholing City Euro):
The project is a feasibility study plus detailed
Corporation, Govt. Of
design and the preparation of tender documents for 253,000 $
Bhutan,
flood and bank protection works in the River Toorsa
for the city of Phuentsholing in Bhutan. Approx. value of the
Phuentsholing City
Overall project included: services provided by your
Corporation,
 Computer modelling to analyse the flood Royal Government of firm under the contract (in
protection levels, the maximum flow velocities Bhutan, Phuentsholing current US$ or Euro):
and the maximum scour depths for the design 253,000 $
of the flood and bank protection works. Country:Bhutan
 Hydrological Analysis and Hydraulic/ Location within
Mathematical Modeling country:Toorsa River
 Engineering designs and drawings for river (AmoChhu),
bank protection, hill slope stabilisation Phuentsholing City
 Integration of GIS/ MIS into flood management
planning
 Institutional Strengthening, training of staff and
capacity building
March 2001 Environmental Improvement and Flood Asian Development Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
– Nov 2002 Mitigation Project for the Klang River (ADB Bank, contract (in current US$ or
Funded): Kuala Lumpur Euro):
Malaysia
The Klang River Basin on the west coast of 5,638,000 $
Peninsular Malaysia encompasses the Federal Country: Malaysia
Territory of Kuala Lumpur and is the most densely Approx. value of the
services provided by your
2-53
populated area of the country with an estimated Location within firm under the contract (in
population of over 3.6 million and growing at almost country: Kuala current US$ or Euro):
5 percent per year. Lumpur
823,000 $
DHI was responsible for:
 Study of River Morphology;
 The hydrological and hydraulic modelling for
the impact studies of the various flood
mitigation scenarios Erosion and sedimentation
analyses
 Establishment of a flood forecasting system;
 Development of training modules and
conduction of trainings as a part of capacity
building and institutional strengthening
programme.
Nov 1997 – Strengthening of Surface Water Modelling DANIDA for the Surface A Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Dec 2000 Centre Water Modelling Centre, contract (in current US$ or
Asiatisk Plads 2 Euro):
The Surface Water Modelling Centre was DK-1448 Copenhagen
established in January 1997. The MIKE 11 model K 1,279,000 $
system was selected, and has since then been the Denmark
National Standard tool for river modelling in Approx. value of the
Bangladesh. The project generated models covering Country: services provided by your
the riverine network in Bangladesh on a national and Bangladesh firm under the contract (in
regional scale. From 1989 Danida supported a 2nd Location within current US$ or Euro):
and 3rd phase until 1996. During these phases Country:
models were further developed and the Centre staff 1,279,000 $
Dhaka/Countrywide
trained to carry out studies independently. The
devastating floods in 1987 and 1988 were the
background for the comprehensive Flood Action
Plan (FAP). The SWMC was from 1990 involved in
more than 15 of the FAP studies. Today the Centre
has more than 85 engineers working on
hydrographic and topographic surveys, river
hydraulics and morphology, coastal hydraulics and
groundwater modelling. The major part of the group
2-54
engineers has received training at DHI and on-the-
job training in Bangladesh over the years.
Jul 2002 – Flood Management and Mitigation Strategy Mekong River Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Jan 2003 Implementation Plan (Mekong River Commission Secretariat, contract (in current US$ or
Commission Secretariat Funded ) P.O. Box 1112 Euro):
364 M.V.Preah
The Lower Mekong Basin experienced severe Monivong 310,000 $
floods in 2000, 2001 and 2002, causing severe loss SangkatPhsarDoemThk
of human life and significant damage to ov Approx. value of the
infrastructure and crops. In consequence, Mekong Khan Chamkar Mon, services provided by your
River Commission (MRC) prepared a Regional Phnom Penh firm under the contract (in
Flood Management and Mitigation Strategy that was Cambodia current US$ or Euro):
endorsed by the MRC Council in November 2001.
260,000 $
Country: Cambodia,
The Plan was prepared in an active dialogue with Laos, Thailand,
the MRC member countries, institutional Vietnam
stakeholders, and partners. Location within
The Plan was structured into 6 components: (1) country: Phnom Penh
Establishment of a Regional Flood Management
and Mitigation Centre, with strengthened regional
flood forecasting services; (2) management of
structural measures; (3) management of trans-
boundary issues; (4) emergency management; (5)
flood proofing; and (6) land management.
Oct. 2004 - Songhua Flood Management and Forecasting Songhua Water Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
July 2005 Project (ADB Funded) Resources Commission, contract (in current US$ or
Cambridge Main office, Euro):
Asian Development Bank (ADB) has granted SWRC Cambridge United
a loan to implement a novel decision support system Kingdom 664,000 $
for the Songhua River Basin, which spans more than
550,000 km2 in northeast China. The system Country: China Approx. value of the
implements interfaces to several real-time services provided by your
databases of point observations and meteorological firm under the contract (in
2-55
forecasts in accordance with Chinese National Location within current US$ or Euro):
Standard country: Changchun, 664,000 $
Manchuria, China
DHI was responsible for the development,
configuration and customization of a novel flood
management and forecasting system (decision
support system) as well as the installation, testing
and commissioning of the system on site..
Established jointly with client staff, the system
includes several hydrological and hydraulic forecast
models and two dimensional hydraulic models. Key
services provided by DHI include: Setup, calibration
and verification of hydrological and hydraulic
forecast models (MIKE 11 and MIKE FLOOD);
Configuration of MIKE FLOOD WATCH to facilitate
forecast execution in real-time; Development of
interfaces to client databases, including import of
real-time data and export of point based and grid
based forecast results; Development of interfaces to
web based decision support tool; Institutional
Strengthening and Capacity Building including
development of training modules and Training of
staff
Feb. 2007 - Flood Forecasting Zambezi River Basin (USAID DIRECÇÃO NACIONAL Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Dec. 2007 Funded) DE ÁGUAS (DNA) ARA- contract (in current US$ or
Zambeze, Euro):
The general objective of this study is to provide the Av. Da Libertade No. 68
Administração Regional de Águas do Zambeze Caixa Postal 67 356,000 $
(ARA-Zambeze) with a tool that makes it possible to Tete, Mozambique
forecast the occurrence of a flood based on the Approx. value of the
discharge that has occurred in the upstream stations Country: Mozambique services provided by your
and on recorded precipitation in the Zambezi Location within firm under the contract (in
catchment. The project includes institutional country: Zambezi current US$ or Euro):
strengthening and capacity building in the form of River Basin
258,000 $
2-56
transfer of technology (Flood Warning System) and
know–how to ARA-Zambeze.
DHI's assignments were to:

 Define data collection, specifically the topo-
bathymetric survey of the Zambeze River
between CahoraBassa Dam and the Delta
 Set-up and calibrate a Hydrological model in the
Mozambican part of the catchment (MIKE 11
NAM)
 Set-up and calibrate a Hydrodynamic model of
the Zambeze River downstream of the
CahoraBassa Dam (MIKE 11 HD)
 Configure the Flood Forecasting and Warning
System in real time (FLOODWATCH)
 Establish the logistic to receive the information
in real time by using the current radio network
 Institutional Strengthening and Capacity
Building- Train the ARA-Zambeze technical staff
in the operation of the system.
May 2001 - Manila Flood Forecasting (JICA Funded) Japan Radio Co., Ltd. Approx. value of the In Association with JRC
Dec 2001 for Department of Public contract (in current US$ or
In the rainy season, the city of Manila is an area Works and Highways, Euro):
prone to flooding. In order to improve flood 1-1, Shimorenjaku 5
management, disseminate flood forecasting CHOME 323,000$, 225,000€
information and relocate the affected population MITAKA-SHI
prior to floods, Japan Radio Co. Ltd. (JRC) was Tokyo 181-8510 Approx. value of the
commissioned by the Japan International Co- Japan services provided by your
operation Agency (JICA) to develop and install a firm under the contract (in
telemetry and flood forecasting system with the Country: Philippines current US$ or Euro):
Philippine end-client, Department of Public Works Location within
and Highways (DPWH). The project comprised the 140,000$, 97,000€
country :Manila
following tasks:
 Provision of hydrological and hydraulic flood

forecasting software (MIKE 11 RR, HD, FF and
2-57
FLOOD WATCH), model development and
calibration, training of staff (maintenance and
operation of telemetry and flood forecasting
systems).
• Establishment of an interface to the
telemetry data.
• Customisation of MIKE FLOOD WATCH
including a boundary estimation tool for tidal
water level estimates and gate level
estimates.
• Development and calibration of a
hydrological and hydraulic flood forecasting
model (MIKE 11 RR, HD and FF).
• Dissemination of flood warnings to the web
and decision support.
 Training of 10 members of the Client's staff in
the operation of MIKE 11 FF and MIKE FLOOD
WATCH.
Sep 2004 - Flow Forecast for Three Gorges Reservoir Yangtze Water Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Jan 2006 Resources Commission contract (in current US$ or
To support the operation of the Three Gorges Dam, 1863 Jiefang Avenue Euro): $119.000 / 88.000€
DHI was commissioned by Yangtze Water Wuhan
Resources Commission to provide a real-time inflow P.R. China Approx. value of the
forecasting system; including tailor-made decision services provided by your
support tools that can be used to assist dam Country: China firm under the contract (in
operators in their effort to maximize the power Location within current US$ or Euro):
production at optimal conditions for the turbines and country: Yichang on $91.000 / 67.000€
maintain sufficient storage to avoid flooding. The the Yangtze River
inflow forecasting system consists of a customized
MIKE FLOOD WATCH on-line system with
interfaces to real-time SCADA databases as well as
an accurate MIKE 11 hydrological and hydraulic
inflow forecasting model encompassing a complex
set of rules for operating mainly the Three Gorges
Dam. The on-line system is used in real-time to
2-58
manage hydrological and hydraulic observations,
meteorological predications and inflow forecast
model results.
Jan 2005 - Ubol Ratana Dam - Flood Watch Loxley Public Company Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Dec 2006 Limited contract (in current US$ or
The Ubol Ratana multi-purpose dam owned and 102 Na Ranong Road, Euro):
operated by the Electricity Generating Authorities of Kong Toy 258,000$, 179,000€
Thailand (EGAT) was originally built for water Bangkok 10110
supply, electricity production, flood production and Thailand Approx. value of the
recreational facilities. In 2004 EGAT decided to services provided by your
review the operation of the reservoir, the rule curves Country: Thailand firm under the contract (in
and the dam safety and to establish a Flood and Location within current US$ or Euro):
Inflow Forecasting system. country: Ubol Ratana 258,000$, 179,000€
DHI carried out the following tasks:

• Assisting a local team in developing a MIKE 11
flood forecasting model of the Ubol Ratana
River Basin;
• Configuration and installation of MIKE FLOOD
WATCH for real-time control of the reservoir;
• Definition and execution of a Dam safety study,
and
• Training and transferring of technology to
relevant staff members in Bangkok and at the
dam site.
Feb. 2011- Computer Aided River Management System State Water Corporation Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Nov. 2013 of New South Wales,PO contract (in current US$ or
The NSW State Water Corporation is responsible for Euro):
Box 1018,
the bulk water deliveries for the State 11 regulated 3,900,000 $
Dubbo NSW 2830,
river basins. As part of a modernisation and water
Australia
efficiency diver, SWC has decided to implement a Approx. value of the
Computer Aided River Management (CARM) services provided by your
Country: Australia
firm under the contract (in
2-59
system for the largest river basin, the Location within current US$ or Euro):
Murrumbidgee. country: 3,900,000 $
Murrumbidgee River
When combined with a powerful optimization tool,
Basin
the hydraulic model can minimise the impacts of
dam releases during floods, and synchronise
releases to “piggyback” on tributary inflows to
inundate environmental assets and wetlands. The
project includes the design, development,
adaptation, testing and deployment the CARM DSS
in the Murrumbidgee basin as a first step to a roll out
throughout the state. The project also includes a 5
year maintenance and support programme.
Feb 2007- Implementation of On-Line Model for Ijzer EDS-Telindus for Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Feb 2009 Waterbouwkunding contract (in current US$ or
Flanders, located in the northern part of Belgium, is Laboratorium, Euro):
prone to flooding caused by the coincidence of Blarenberglaan 2 252,000$, 175,000€
extreme rainfall events and high tide in the Scheldt B-2800 Mechelen
Estuary. Today, the forecasting system comprises Belgium Approx. value of the
about ten hydrological and hydraulic forecasting services provided by your
models, in total covering an area of 6,500 km2, for Country: Belgium firm under the contract (in
which all major waterways and important hydraulic Location within current US$ or Euro):
structures have been modelled with MIKE 11. country: Mechelen 252,000$, 175,000€
Existing hydrological and hydraulic models were

reviewed and enhanced by DHI with the objective to
ensure that the models were inherently robust, fast
and accurate and suitable for operational
forecasting purposes. In order to apply the models
for real-time flood forecasting purposes, the
validated hydrological and hydraulic models were
configured to include data assimilation (MIKE 11
DA). The technology is used to improve the state of
the hydraulic model prior to the time of the forecast,
propagate model discrepancies into the forecast
2-60
period and update the model state accordingly. In
effect, this is known to improve forecast accuracy.
MIKE FLOOD WATCH ENTERPRISE was used to
integrate available GIS information, the above
described forecasting models and real-time time
series data. The real-time data comprised hydro-
meteorological point time series and grid-based
meteorological forecast time series 48 hours ahead.
The MIKE FLOOD WATCH ENTERPRISE system
included a server side, comprising a database
server (INFORMIX), modelling servers, and a web
server. The client side included 5 Windows
workstations. The forecasting system produces
automated forecasts every six hours, 48 hours
ahead. Forecast results are processed and
presented in various tables and graphics and
uploaded to a web site for rapid assimilation by duty
officers
July 2004 - Development of a flood forecasting system on Amt der Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
July 2005 Mur Steiermärkirschen contract (in current US$ or
Landesregierung, Euro):
The Mur River has its spring in the Alps in the South Stempfergasse 7 172,000$, 120,000€
Eastern part of Austria. Downstream Mur flows on A-8010 Graz
the border between Austria, Slovenia, Hungary and Austria Approx. value of the
Croatia and is thus subject to flooding in all four services provided by your
countries. Country: Austria firm under the contract (in
DHI was in collaboration with JOANNEUM Location within current US$ or Euro):
Research in Graz asked to develop an automatic country: Mur River, 115,000$, 80,000€
forecasting system, which can facilitate the real time Austria, Slovenia,
forecasting in all four countries based on one Hungary and Croatia
combined modelling system, running automatically
on a computer in Graz.
The services included:

 Development of the forecasting modelling
system for Mur
2-61
 Installation of the forecasting system in the
Clients office
 Real time data transfer between
neighbouring countries
 Linkage to meteorological models
 Provision for real time flood mapping
 Development of interface to the client
database
 Automation of the modelling system
 Training of Staff
 Testing & Documentation
Jun 2001 - Establishment of a Decision Support System DHI España for the Approx. value of the Sole Consultant
Jun 2002 for Dam Control in the Ebro Catchment Conferación contract (in current US$ or
Hidrográfica del Ebro Euro):
Throughout time, the Ebro catchment has been Agustín de Foxá 20, 1A $177.000 130.000€
subject to extreme hydrological events comprising 28036 Madrid
both floods and droughts. Attempts by the Spain Approx. value of the
population of the catchment to control these events services provided by your
have not always resulted in improving these extreme Country: Spain firm under the contract (in
situations. In recent years the Confederación Location within current US$ or Euro):
Hidrográfica del Ebro (CHE) has established an country: Ebro $177.000 130.000€
Automatic Hydrologic Information System (currently catchment
with roughly 350 sensors running in real-time) with
the purpose of improving the forecast of extreme
situations. The present project builds on the
Automatic Hydrologic Information System.
The objective of the project is to establish a real-time

decision support system, which in both drought and
flooding periods aims at identifying optimised dam
operation policies at the largest dams in the
catchment.
In order to comply with this objective, a hydrologic

and hydrodynamic model has been established
using DHI’s river modelling system MIKE 11. The
2-62
model covers the entire catchment (approx. 85,000
km²) and includes almost 5,000 km of rivers and 41
reservoirs.
The Real Time-DSS framework MIKE FLOOD

WATCH was customised to forecast the
hydrological conditions using different
meteorological forecasts and the application of
alternative operation strategies for the dams in the
basin (i.e. real-time scenario simulation). Based on
these forecasts the most optimal dam operation
strategies are identified and implemented.
2-63
Institute of Water Modelling (IWM), Bangladesh
Approx. Contract
Assignment name/& brief description of main value (in US$ Role on the
Name of Client & Country of
Duration deliverables/outputs equivalent)/ Assignment
Assignment
Amount paid to
your firm
Climate/ Flood Forecast Applications for Water Related Disaster Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Sole
April 2006
Mitigation in Bangladesh (ADPC) 63611.02 Consultant
June 2009
Bangladesh
Sole
June 2006 Flood Inundation Maps for Highly Vulnerable Areas in Bangladesh United Nations World Food
105160232 Consultant
August 2006 Programme (WFP), Bangladesh
Khatlon Province Flood Risk
Sole
August 2008 Khatlon Province Flood Risk Management Project (KPFRMP)
97408.44 Consultant
July 2013 Tajikistan
Support to National Flood Forecasting and Warning Services under Sole

June 2008 Embassy of Denmark
CCA & DRR of Bangladesh 674084.43 Consultant
March 2010 Bangladesh
June 2008 Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Sole
Hydrological Modelling for Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture
February Studies (BCAS) 36125.92 Consultant
2009 Bangladesh
Flash Flood Forecast Technology for Disaster Preparedness in Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre Sole
June 2008
Bangladesh (ADPC), Bangkok 140760000 Consultant
June 2009
Bangladesh
Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard
Support to Strengthening National Capacity for Flood Risk Sole
Jan. 2010 Early Warning System for Africa and
Reduction and Adaptation to Climate Change, Bagmati Basin 36687.05 Consultant
May 2011 Asia (RIMES)
Nepal
Research and Prediction Modelling Through Upgrading of Flood
Sole
Jun 2011 Forecasting System by Increasing Lead Time and Introducing Bangladesh Water Development
343298.59 Consultant
Jun 2014 Location Specific Flood Warning Board (BWDB)
Water Availability, Demand and Adaptation Option Assessment of Sole

Feb. 2012 International Centre For Integrated
the Brahmaputra River Basin under Climate Change 51250 Consultant
June 2013 Mountain Development (ICIMOD)
2-64
Consolidated Management Services Nepal (P.) Ltd.
Approx.
Contract value
Assignment name/& brief description of main Name of Client & Country of (in US$ Role on the Assignment
Duration deliverables/outputs Assignment equivalent)/
Amount paid
to your firm
Yangtze Basin Water Resources Project The World Bank/ FAO CP/AGRA Earth &
April 1995 Sole Consultant
(YBWRP) Environmental Ltd/Golder & Associates, 0.113 Million
July 1995
China
Oct 1996 Bakra River Flood Protection Project Department of Irrigation, Nepal/OPEC Sole Consultant
0.099 Million
June 2001 Fund, Nepal
In Association with M/s.Institute for

Sustainable Development (P) Ltd.,
Jan. 1999 Water Resources Strategy Formulation Stage-II Water & Energy Commission Nepal & SILT Consultants (P.)
0.384 Million
Dec. 2000 Secretariat/The World Bank, Nepal Ltd., TAEC Consult (P) Ltd. and
BDA Nepal (P) Ltd.
Study of Mai Khola, Rohani River and Indrawati

Oct. 2001 JVS/NWP/Area Water Partnership, Sole Consultant
River Basins 0.005 Million
'Nov. 2002 Nepal
Multiple Uses of Water and U/S & D/S Linkages in
Jan 2002 FMIS Promotion Trust, Kathmandu, Sole Consultant
the Bhorle Khola Basin 0.006 Million
Jan 2003 Nepal
Study of the River Systems in Terai from Jhapa to
Apr 2004 Department of Water Induced Disaster Sole Consultant
Siraha Districts 0.0112 Million
Jul 2004 Prevention, Nepal
Associate with
Jul 2006 Sikta Irrigation Project Department of Irrigation/Government of M/s.ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd.
0.510 Million
Aug 2011 Nepal, Nepal M/s. Full Bright Consultancy (P)
Ltd., and M/s.BDA Nepal (P) Ltd.
Sept. 2009 Emergency Flood Damage Rehabilitation Project Asian Development Bank/Department of
400186.36 Sole Consultant
Jul. 2011 [ADB Grant 0150-NEP]: Part A - AGRICULTURE Agriculture, Nepal
2-65
Approx.
Contract value
Assignment name/& brief description of main
Name of Client & Country of (in US$ Role on the Assignment
Amount paid
to your firm
Irrigation and Water Resources Management
Nov 2009 Department of Irrigation, Nepal/The SILT Consultants (P) Ltd. and DE
Project: 168585
Jun 2014 World Bank, Nepal Consultancy (P) Ltd., Nepal
Component A - Irrigation
ct. 2010 Hydraulic Modeling and Detailed Design of Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation
0.010 Million Sole Consultant
Dec. 2010 Kulariya and Jamara Branch Canals of RJKIP Project/DoI/Government of Nepal
Quality Control and Construction Supervision of Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation
Feb 2012
Intake Structure and Related Works of Rani Project/DoI/Government of Nepal 278000 Sole Consultant
Oct 2014
Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project Nepal
Formation of Basin/Sub-basin Committees (within Water and Energy Commission
Mar 2012
Babai & West Rapti) and Preparation of Water Secretariat/Government of Nepal 190000 Sole Consultant
Mar 2013
Access Mechanism Nepal
Water and Energy Commission
May 2012 Preparation of Long Term Vision of Nepal's Water
Secretariat, Government of Nepal 124760.81 Sole Consultant
Nov 2013 Resources and Energy Sectors
Nepal
In Association with
M/s.Sustainable Infrastructure
Project Management and Implementation Support Department of Local Infrastructure Development Foundation,
Jul 2012
to Community Irrigation Project [ADB Grant No.: Development & Agriculture Roads, 4305141 M/s.Karnali Integrated
Feb 2017
G0219-NEP] Nepal/ Asian Development Bank Rural Development and Research
Centre (NGO) & SEBAC-Nepal
(NGO)
Quality Control, Design and Supervision of Branch Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation
Mar 2013
Canals, Roads Upgrading and Bridges & Culverts Project/DoI/The World Bank 75000 Sole Consultant
Aug 2013
of Rani Jamara Kulariya IP Nepal
Planning Design Monitoring and
'Oct 2014 Design and Cost Estimate of Headworks of
Evaluation Division/Dept. of Irrigation 9,750 Sole Consultant
Jan 2015 Mohana Irrigation Project
Nepal
2-66
Nepal Development Research Institute, (NDRI)
Approx.
Contract value
Assignment name/& brief description of main Name of Client & Country of (in US$ Role on the Assignment
Amount paid to
your firm
Climate Development Knowledge
Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Network (CDKN), Global Change
Jul. 2012 Sole Consultant
Adaptation in Koshi River Basin, Nepal System for Analysis Research 100000
Dec.2013
and Training (START)
Nepal
Flood Disaster Management in West Rapti River Basin, International Centre for Water
Nepal, Third Phase: Assessment of Flood Inundations Hazard and Risk Management-
Mar 2011 Sole Consultant
under the Effect of Climate Change in Lower West Public Works Research Institute 80965.72
May 2012
Rapti River Basin in Nepal (2011/12) (ICHARM-PWRI)
Nepal
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Hydroelectricity
Mar 201 Sole Consultant
Sector in Nepal Government of Nepal 3510.17
Nov 20165
First and Second Phase: A feasibility Study on International Centre for Water
Aug 2008 Integrated Community based flood disaster Hazard and Risk Management- Sole Consultant
50000
Nov 2011 Management of Banke District, Nepal Public Works Research Institute
(ICHARM-PWRI). Nepal
ADB TA-8050 NEP: Bagmati River Improvement
Apr, 2012 Project - T1 Consulting Services for Bagmati (43448- Sole Consultant
Asian Development Bank 398434.15
Ongoing 012)
Dec 2014
Commonwealth Scientific and
Aug 2015 Stream Flow Analysis in Bagmati Basin Sole Consultant
Industrial Research Organization 31094
(CSIRO)
2-67
3 FORM TECH-3: COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS ON THE
TERMS OF REFERENCE AND ON COUNTERPART STAFF
AND FACILITIES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CLIENT
3.1 Tech 3A – On the Terms of Reference
The Terms of Reference (ToR) provide a detailed description of the project requirement. The relevant
project background, current state of affairs, institutional and operational arrangements as well as
project objectives, work tasks and expected results are well defined.
In our observation of the ToR, focus has been given on those key issues that need attention in the
project implementation strategy to ensure project success and long term sustainability. We wish to
emphasize that our proposal is in strict compliance with the ToR. Our comments are intended as
notes, clarifications and recommendations to Department of Hydrology and Meteorology for further
discussion during contract negotiations and others for discussion during Task 1 Review during
inception period.
Access, availability and sharing of data
Availability and sharing of adequate data will be essential to the success of the project. The
Consultant will need to assess the data availability and quality. Also, once the project has
commenced, it will be important that individual agencies are committed to assist. It is important to
note that the Modelling Framework will provide a resilient system that will function also if and where
data is lacking or sparse. However, the accuracy of the model results will depend on the quality and
adequacy of relevant data. It is therefore also important to accept uncertainties in model results as
a consequence of limited or sparse relevant good quality data, at least initially till the data acquisition
network and processes gradually improve. The modelling system proposed to be developed will
however be robust and adapt to the changes and will provide improved forecasts as more and more
data becomes available.
For example, we realize that high quality data may be lacking in particular describing floodplain
topography. We will make use of global and public available datasets and best judgements as far as
possible. The modelling approach that we propose can work with available data but has the
advantage of accepting high resolution accurate data, e.g. latest topographic data including LIDAR
data, as they become available, and thereby improve the model predictions significantly.
On the Objective of Consultancy
The objective of the consultancy service requires the consultant to select and develop appropriate
models and provide forecasts with a longer lead time (at least 72 hours before. The model proposed
by the consultant will be capable of providing such forecasts because we will develop the integrated
model including flashy catchments in the upper reaches of both the rivers. Rainfall run-off models of
intermediate catchments will also be developed so that lateral inflows are accurately accounted for.
This will ensure development of forecast along the rivers and with a lead time of at least 72 hours.
The proposed forecast modeling system has proved successful in providing accurate forecasts in
similar river basins (Bagmati in India, rivers of Bangladesh, Thailand, China, Slovenia, Austria Turkey
etc.). DHI’s experience of developing forecasting systems for trans-boundary river basins will be
useful to the Kosi and West Rapti rivers in Nepal.
As the focus areas for flood forecasting are also for flat terrain in the southern Terai region of Nepal,
the requirement of the ToR would be to have 1D and 2D models in conjunction for producing good
results with high resolution DEM in the future. This is the very reason, the Consultant proposes to
use Mike 11 (1-Dimensional) and MIKE 21 (2-Dimensional) in a coupled manner (the coupled
software is called MIKE FLOOD). Both the models have been constantly evolved over the last 20
3-1
years and their equivalents with the required functionalities are not available with the freely available
software. Further there may be significant gestation period for the proposed telemetric system. The
Consultant’s proposed system will work with currently available data. Provision will be built in so that
the telemetry data can be incorporated as soon as the Real Time Data Acquisition System (RTDAS)
is commissioned. The system developed will integrated the real time data of DHM Nepal, and other
web based meteorological data from IMD, RIMES, etc. However, the flood forecasting system may
need to be fine-tuned or recalibrated with high frequency RTDAS data. If the RTDAS is
commissioned during the project or even during the two year support period, then the real time data
can easily be incorporated with support from the Consultant. But if the RTDAS is commissioned after
the project has been completed and handed over to DHM, then it will require intensive and online
support by the developer/supplier, which is not available for freely available software. DHI’s track
record in providing such supports in India and elsewhere and their strong presence in India is
demonstrative of expected support by DHM in the future. However, the proposed open front end
data interface (MIKECUSTOMIZED) follows the TOR requirements that it can work with any system.
Moreover, the proposed modelling system also includes sediment transport modeling, which will be
useful for DHM in analyzing the very active river morphology of Kosi and West Rapti Rivers.
On timing of Tasks and deliverables
The TOR stipulated schedule of task and deliverables are found feasible. The consultant has
proposed an optimum combination of expert manpower with additional experts from a pool of
national and internal experts to support the listed key staff.
3.2 Tech 3B – On Counterpart Staff and Facilities

In order to ensure that the project is implemented successfully, executed in a timely manner, and
delivered within the allocated budget, the following assumptions are made:
 There will be close cooperation and active participation of all stakeholders to the project.
 The Client will support the Consultant in data collection.
 Effective communication between the Consultant’s Project Management Team and the Client’s
Project Management is essential for smooth project progress.
 Qualified and dedicated Client staff will actively engage in the project, so that the proposed on-
the-job training will lead towards a successful knowledge transfer.
 There will be timely scheduling and conducting of meetings by DHM and appointed committees
to review reports and technical deliverables.
Participation by DHM staff
It will be critical to appoint dedicated staff, who actively engage and commit to the proposed
partnership and collaboration throughout the project. The partnership will take shape during the
inception where project deliverables may be adjusted and modified to meet the exact needs of the
client, and ensure a fruitful on-the job training, which delivers the necessary education of the client
staff as well as actively assist in conducting a successful project on time. The project includes a
significant technology transfer component, and based on our experience the consultant sees
implementing of the flood forecasting model system as a critical delivery and ultimately vital to
ensuring the long-term use of the models in Nepal. The consultants therefore suggest that DHM staff
be actively involved in the work throughout in order to sustain the flood forecast modelling system in
future.
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4 FORM TECH-4: DESCRIPTION OF APPROACH,
METHODOLOGY AND WORK PLAN IN RESPONDING TO
THE TERMS OF REFERENCE
4.1 Project Appreciation and Understanding
4.1.1 Overall understanding

We consider the present project as one of the key components of the overall efforts of Government of
Nepal in building resilience to climate related hazards in Nepal. Flood preparedness with an efficient
forecasting and people centred early warning system is a part of integrated flood management to
reduce flood disaster risks.
A sustainable flood risk management also needs substantial capacity within the government agencies
and other stakeholders in Nepal. Therefore, we will propose an integrated capacity building programme
in flood preparedness using advanced modelling tools, connected to a modern hydro-met monitoring
network, GIS and remote sensing systems. For a meaningful outcome of the early warning system
derived from computer models in reducing risks, an effective information dissemination including an
online web-based system will be developed and recommended for implementation in the Koshi and
West Rapti basins. Also, considering daily operation of a complex system, a user friendly yet
comprehensive graphical user interface with facilities of real time operational decision making
scenarios will be developed.
Specific to the Koshi and West Rapti Rivers, it is very well appreciated that the floods must be analysed
in a basin wide context, combining the effects of upstream flows from upper catchments and heavy
rainfalls in the intermediate and Terai regions. Our involvement in Nepal’s hydro-met and flood risk
management studies will certainly provide us in an advantageous position to include the Koshi and
West Rapti River catchments as a whole for achieving a longer lead lime in flood forecasting in the
Terai region. DHI experts have visited the Koshi and West Rapti river systems in Nepal and are aware
of the availability rainfall data from in the basins, discharge and water level data at key locations are
also available for model calibration. Our recent experience in the Bagmati-Adhwara flood modelling
project in Bihar, and the Nepalese river systems will provide new and improved technological
confidence for the Koshi and Rapti Basins.
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Another key element in the project appreciation is the need to review and recommend an appropriate
expansion of the hydro-met network and upgrade to a real time data acquisition system. Our recent
work in the Bhakhra-Beas and Krishna-Bhima Projects in India have provided us with ample
experience and we have expertise to design an optimum telemetry network to provide the required
real time data for flood forecasting in the Koshi and Rapti basins.
4.1.2 Project Background

The Building Resilience to Climate Related Hazards (BRCH) Project has the “End-to-End” Flood Early
Warning System for the two river basins as one of the activities covered in Component C of the project,
which is Enhancement of the service delivery system of DHM. The two representative basins, Koshi
in the east and West Rapti in the west of Nepal, have been selected. The following criteria is adopted
while selecting the basins,:
i. Physical Criteria: Representativeness, accessibility, manageability, suitability, and presence of

glacial lakes.
ii. Facilities: Existing telecom facilities, backup telecom facilities, history of station operation, quality
of historic data, level of stakeholders involvement, optimality of network density, synergy with Pilot
Project on Climate Resilience (PPCR), and level of security,
iii. Development potentials of the basin: Water Resources Development Potential, agricultural
potential, industry potential, communication potential, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) potential,
potential for bench-mark basin, potentiality for filling gaps, and tourism prospective
iv. Vulnerabilities: Vulnerability to climate, watershed vulnerability, landslide/debris/sediment
hazard, and water quality and epidemics
v. Beneficiaries: Downstream beneficiaries, beneficiaries at regional level, and technology
transfer.
The TOR (Section 7 of RFP) provides descriptions of the flood problems in the Koshi and West Rapti
Rivers with special emphasis of developing people centred early warning systems. Also desirable is a
paradigm shift from flood control to management. Traditional efforts of flood management have
focused on structural systems, such as the building of a system of embankments, many of which are
not properly maintained and outlived their project lives. Despite the largely structural solutions that
have been the focus of flood management in the past decades, the threat of floods remains as high as
ever to the economy and livelihoods in these two basins. The need for a combination of structural and
non-structural measures have been recognized.
The expected outcomes of the consultancy activities are:
 Re-assessment and monitoring of hydromet observation station networks for prescribed flood
forecasting modeling, weather and flood forecasting, risk assessment and delivery of information
for these two pilot river basins.
 Identification of the most effective and reliable weather and stream flow sensing equipment with
data acquisition and communication system;
 Development of a mode of delegating DHM operational and forecasting activities to the regional
and basin offices;
 Documentation of hotspot areas in each of the two river basins that require disaster management
response;
 A well calibrated hydrological and hydrodynamic model and real time flood forecasting and early
warning system;
 Development of a user-friendly interface as a decision support system (DSS) for the acquisition,
management and dissemination of data, forecast and early warning information to concerned
agencies and individuals including participating communities;
 A user friendly interface to access current and long-term hydro-climatic data for the research
community, disaster management, and operative purposes for timely evaluation and updating of
short and long term risks and impacts.
 A monitoring and evaluation method so that the decision support and end to end early warning
system for floods can be periodically improved and upgraded.
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4.1.3 Current Status of Flood Forecasting System and Need to
Improve the System
A National Emergency Operations Center (NEOC), under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA), was
established in Kathmandu in early 2011 to strengthen communication among national centers and
districts across the country as a part of national strategy for disaster risk management. Regional
Emergency Operation Centers (REOCs) and District EOCs are being improved to further strengthen
communications among them and facilitate dissemination of information for early warnings and
emergency response to various stakeholders and communities.
A limited-area model called Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (version 3.4.1.) has
been installed at DHM and run semi-operatively 4 times a day. The model run consists two nested
phases: In the first phase horizontal resolution of 12 km and a large domain is used with boundaries
from the global GFS (Global Forecasting System) model available from NOAA. In the 2 nd Phase a
horizontal resolution 4 km and a domain covering the area of Nepal is used taking boundaries from
the first phase WRF run. Assimilation of observation data is presently not applied. Forecast length is
72 h (3 days). Forecasts for precipitation include QPF for every 1h and cumulative precipitation up 3
days. Forecast fields for various parameters are displayed on DHM intranet and used presently by the
meteorological Forecast Division as a guidance for localized weather prediction.
The existing DHM flood warning system is limited to sharing general weather forecasts and
disseminating flood water levels obtained using near real time hydro-meteorological stations through
a web site and warnings disseminated to communities and stakeholders through mobile alert systems.
There are 8 meteorological and 4 river-gauge near real time stations In the West Rapti river basin
where as Koshi river basin has 5 meteorological and 7 river-gauge near real time stations.
A number of community based disaster risk mitigation activities have been initiated in Nepa at local
level, with support from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs),. The Koshi River Basin community
resilience project, funded by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
(IFRC), has brought together different agencies working on community-based disaster risk reduction
(CBDRR), water and sanitation and hygiene promotion (WatSan/HP), health, and livelihoods. The
project has also installed flood information display boards and SMS alerts in Sunsari and Saptari
Districts since July 2014.
Another International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO), Practical Action-Nepal, , also initiated

Community based Flood Early Warning Systems in seven river basins, namely the Kankai, Narayani,
East Rapti, Seti (Kaski), Karnali, West Rapti and Babai. An institutional arrangement has been
developed for community based EWS with information from central government (DHM-MoHA) which
is disseminated to communities. Real time data measurement and collection is through automatic
sensors and data loggers, whereas data dissemination is through internet protocol that utilize the
mobile communications network.
DHM and Practical Action, with the support from European Union’s ECHO, are involved in establishing
‘Community-based Flood Early Warning’ in the West Rapti Basin. Selected communities in the flood
prone VDCs have a relatively higher level of understanding of flood information including evacuation
routes and communication of flood early warnings. The proposed consultancy will review and build
upon these ongoing activities.
A flood forecasting system is based on rainfall / climate forecasts available from global sources such
as NOAA, IMD, European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, RIMES, which can give three
days or more advanced warning of rainfall events. Such endeavour has been successfully tried in
many countries including the neighbouring country Bangladesh and recently in Krishna, Bhakra Beas
and Bagmati basins in India. Also the Regional Ganga-Brahmaputra model is developed for ICOMOD
including Koshi, which covers, Nepal, India, Bangladesh and Bhutan. In addition to this, it is required
to predict a water surface profile along the river using hydrodynamic flood routing so that the flood
levels can be monitored together with embankment heights and conditions. As an example, Figure 4-
1 shows a longitudinal profile of the Bangmati River modelled during the flood situation.
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Figure 4-1 Longitudinal profile of river (showing water surface in relation to banks) - Example of Bagmati River
Model in Bihar
As it has been seen in the Bagmati-Adwara river basin in the forecasting can be improved both in
accuracy and lead time by using a mathematical model of the whole catchment and river reaches
including flashy catchments.
Needs and Challenges
• Shift from rigid statistically (correlation) based forecasts to a

integrated basinwide hydrological and hydrodynamic modelling
approach to real time flood forecasting and warning.
• Value added information to flood disaster risk information by
producing inundation maps.
• Rapid and readily assimilable information on the present and
forecast state of the catchments
• Wide access to information by DHM, DWIDP, emergency
services, stakeholders and the public
• Development and strengthening of DHM technical capacity
4.1.3 Objectives
The overall objective of the consultancy as per ToR, is to reduce the loss of lives and properties from
flood hazard by improving the capacity of DHM in developing and implementing effective people-
centered early warning system.
The specific objectives of the consultancy are:
 Development of a model for an effective End to End Early Warning System with robust
methodological framework, review of the adequacy of the observation network for real time flood
forecasting, delivery of information, monitoring and risk assessment.
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 Establishment of a fully operational real time “End to End” Flood Forecasting and Early Warning
System (FFEWS) while ensuring that flood warnings are disseminated to communities in at least
four hotspot areas in each of the two pilot basins (Koshi and West Rapti). Early warning is expected
to have a forecast period of at least 72 hours which will performed by flood forecasting. Flash flood
forecasts will also be designed into the solution and utilize nowcasting techniques based on real-
time hydrometeorological observations.
Key Requirements
• Readily accessible database system comprising historical, current and

forecast data, and other relevant information with links to DHM’s Website.
• State-of-the-art modelling tools for forecasting and inundation modelling &
mapping compatible to GIS environment.
• Customized user-friendly interfaces for model inputs & output visualization
• Forecast lead time of at least 72 hours and to include upper catchments,
intermediate and lower catchments of Koshi and West Rapti Basins.
• Scalable, adaptable, flexible open front system that will support operations in
the long term
• WEB enabled outputs for dissemination, incl. Email and SMS
• Sustainable capacity in DHM to apply modern technology to flood forecasting
and early warning with a 2-year support
• Delivery within 24 months’ time.
4.1.4 Scope of Services

The scope of the consultancy includes the assessment of the Disaster Management Institutional
framework and establishment of operational mechanism; carry out the ccomprehensive risk
assessment of the threats caused by flood hazard in Koshi and West Rapti basins; review of the I
Report on Observation network and assessment of network adequacy by prepared by System
Integrator consultant; development of Integrated Flood Forecast Modelling System; development of
Web based Flood forecast and Early warning System for Communication and Dissemination to the
stakeholders; design and development of an Operational Decision Support System (ODSS) and
capacity development of DHM personnel.
The specific scope of work is elaborated in 7 tasks, has been discussed in detail in section 4.7.
4.2 Technical Approach and Methodology
4.2.1 Overall Approach to the Development of an Integrated Flood Forecast Modelling

System
Accurate and reliable flood forecasting forms an important basis for efficient real-time management
and disaster response. To work within a real time flood forecasting it is important having an efficient
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and operational user friendly platform ready to be used when the flood occur. The platform should be
able to work quickly and smoothly and support operational decision making.
As indicated in ToR, the forecast system will be linked to a real time data acquisition including all
observation data, weather forecast data and other web-based data. The flood forecasting model
would satisfy the following criteria:
a) Provide reliable forecasts with sufficient warning time;

b) Have a reasonable degree of accuracy;
c) Meet data requirements within available data and financial means, both for calibration and for
operational use;
d) Feature easy-to-understand functions;
e) Be simple enough to be operated by operational staff with moderate training.
The rainfall-runoff model for each basin considering the snowmelt runoff will be established, which
has been elaborated subsequently later in the chapter. The flood forecasting system will be developed
with meteorological and hydrological data input, which will include forecast as well as real time data
and will be linked to hydrodynamic model for estimating the flood discharge, flood level, time to peak
discharge and flood duration at specified locations. The hydrodynamic model would also include the
embankment breach simulation capability. The system will also automatically generate flood
inundation maps showing the locations of severe flood advisories, warning and alerts for the 8
communities.
Figure 4-2 illustrates the overall system to be developed and implemented for the Koshi and West
Rapti Flood Forecast & Early Warning project. The Real Time Data Acquisition System (RTDAS)
based on telemetry of rainfall and water level is in place in Nepal with DHM. At present, the flood
forecasting section of DHM operates 61 real-time stations out of which 28 Stations have telemetry
facility. Among the 61 stations, 20 stations measure both river water level and rainfall, 8 stations
measure only water level, the remaining 41 measure only rainfall. The system will be integrated with
existing real time data systems in Koshi and West Rapti basins and other WEB resources. The
stations which will be upgraded with telemetry facility and new stations also will be integrated in the
system. The components shown in the system will be developed and integrated by the Consultant. A
brief description of the components is given below.
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Figure 4-2 Overall system for flood forecasting & early warning
Database: The following data are required for the modelling:
 Data describing the physical features of the catchments, rivers, flood plains,
flood control works (embankments) and other hydraulic structures
 Hydrologic data describing the state of the catchment and rivers – historical data
for model calibration
 Real time and forecast data for making forecasts of future catchment states
 Topographic and other GIS data for inundation mapping linking to infrastructure,
settlements, and agricultural areas and dissemination of early warnings.
All data used for modelling purposes and output from model simulations are stored and
maintained in the database / knowledgebase. The proposed modelling system provides a large
number of functionalities for working with data, comprising database input and output tools, data
visualisation and data processing (filtering, gap filling, etc) and links to other databases.
Modelling-wise the forecasting system includes functionality for automatically extracting and
arranging the necessary data for the model simulations and subsequently for importing the
generated data to the database. This ensures that data (covering both observations and model
output) are readily available in the User Interface and that system management becomes easier
compared to having data stored in file system folders. The database will be updated as all data
becomes available including the real time data from a future RTDAS.
The data types may be classified according to the frequency at which the data change, and also
reflect the means of data collection:
 Real Time Data – comprise the data from DHM Nepal, ICIMOD, existing near-real
time data collected by DHM via wireless and telephone. The data include rainfall,
discharge, water levels and rainfall forecast. Frequency of RTDAS data that are used
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in forecasting systems is flexible ranging normally from 15 minutes (for rainfall) to
hourly (for water levels)
 Historical Time Series Data – comprise point based measurements of
meteorological and hydrometric data made at variable intervals (daily, hourly)
 Other Modelling Data – comprise river cross sections and flood plain topography.
Water level-discharge rating curves including rating curves for control gates are also
included in this category. It is proposed to carry out river cross section survey along
key reaches to build the hydrodynamic model with the latest topographic
representation of the Koshi and West Rapti River, where ever required.
 Spatial Data – comprises GIS, DEM and Satellite data
The availability of these data will be explored during the Inception Phase.
WEB Data: Data available on the Websites of DHM Nepal, ICIMOD and other
agencies relevant to model development and implementation in real-time will be
downloaded automatically through the User Interface Platform described below. In
addition, TRMM and GPM rainfall data will also be used.
Metrological forecasts: For flood forecasting operation, meteorological forecasts

such as rainfall are required for the forecasting horizon (3 days). Various sources of
meteorological forecasts including from the Bangkok based Regional Integrated
Multi-hazard Early Warning System for Asia and Africa (RIMES) will be investigated.
RIMES produce 9X9 km grid meteorological forecast for every 6 hours. Use of
forecasts from other global sources such as Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation
(GSMaP) System of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). NOAA,
ECMRWF will also be explored.
Forecasting & inundation models: At the core of the forecasting and inundation
mapping systems are mathematical models which describe the state of the
catchment, rivers and flood plains, and predict future states for a range of scenarios
relating to natural events and human intervention. The modelling approach is
described in Sections 4.2.3 & 4.2.4 below.
Open front User Interface: User-friendly open front interfaces as developed and
implemented by DHI in the Regional Ganga-Brahmaputra Flood Outlook, Bagmanti-
Adhwara basin, Krishna basin and in Bhakra-Beas basin (as presented in TECH 2)
will be developed as the Flood forecasting platform will form an efficient tool, which
can support real time operations.
DEM: The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and WorldView satellite
derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) will ne evaluated for its possible use in
inundation modelling, apart from the Survey
With the Real-time Platforms implemented as in recent projects by DHI it is possible:
 To run all activities required for preparation of a forecast using a forecasting model. This
includes preprocessing of data, forecasting and dissemination of forecast to the Internet.
 Provision to run forecast in Manual or in Automated mode
 User friendly support for configuration of the system
 Presentation of Results on Status Map and in Tabular and Graphical Views
 Provision to view Flood Maps
 Provision to Run scenarios
 Provision to disseminate warnings via E-mail and SMS alerts
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4.2.2 Requirement of the Integrated Flood Forecast system platform
The forecasting platform for the Koshi and West Rapti River needs to have a much more open ended
interface compared to the other platforms. The Interface should allow the user to work with different
models in an open GIS environment using various sources of input data and operational tools which
are tailored to specific requirements. To fulfil the project requirements we therefore propose
establishment of a setup for Koshi and West Rapt river basin in our new real-time User Interface
forming an easy-to-use, sustainable and efficient solution. Figure 4-3 shows the outline of the proposed
real-time user interface proposed for the Koshi and West Rapt basin forecasting system.
Figure 4-3 Outline of the operation platform for the proposed Koshi and West Rapti FF Real-
time User Interface
The new User Interface includes:
 A real-time Platform powered with open GIS software (PostGIS) and an open database
(PostgreSQL)
 Model-Adaptor module incorporated as a part of the Platform allowing the user to work with
various hydrological/hydraulic models.
 A flexible and scalable User Interface, which has interlinked Views of Maps, Graphs, Tables,
Legends, Documents. The Google based map, (With Google Maps facilities e.g. zooming to
street level) allows the user to view station status at different time step and if required to
animate results.
 Provision to include new forecasting locations as per requirement
 Provision to include spatial layers and spatial data as per requirement. These include
catchments shapes, river network, real time stations, forecast locations and data from a grid
based meteorological model. The gridded precipitation data on the figure are from RIMES
(predicted rainfall calculated in a 9x9 km grid), but can include any other sources.
 The Platform can be used for Flash Flood forecasting required for the upstream part of the
catchment as well as longer duration floods required for the downstream part of the river.
 Provision for automation of the entire forecasting procedure as well as running in manual
mode.
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 Provision to run scenarios. The user interface has provision to setup scenario simulations to
test what if scenarios and to compare various simulations.
 Publication module, which can be used for dissemination via SMS, E-mail or Internet.
4.2.3 Requirement of the flood forecasting and inundation model

In order to generate forecasts with a lead time of 3 days or more, it is proposed to use as much real
time information as possible so that the performance is as accurate as possible.
It is proposed to develop the hydraulic model (hydrodynamic flood routing) as far upstream as, where
the cross section and real time river information are available. The hydrological model is proposed to
cover the Koshi and West Rapti river basins.. Both these basins will be divided into a number of
catchments and sub-catchments. The rainfall-runoff models of upstream catchments having river
gauging stations will provide boundary conditions to the flood routing model along these rivers. Runoffs
from other intermediate catchments provide lateral inflow to hydrodynamic model; which enables
the accuracy of real time forecasts. The rainfall-runoff models and the hydrodynamic model are
dynamically linked during simulation of historical events or at real time flood forecasting.
The hydrological model will be prepared such as it can use input of data from all real time precipitation
stations, when these are available combined with input from meteorological models (USGS, NOAA,
ECMWF, RIMES and others). The mean area weighting module will take care of preparation of input
to the hydrological model based an optimized weighting of available real time observations combined
with input from meteorological models and other information. Alternative weighting combinations can
be prepared for scenario simulations.
The hydraulic model will be based on available topographical data for the rivers (main streams and
tributaries) combined with estimated cross-sections at locations where topographical data are not
available. New surveys will be carried out along the river stretches of Koshi and West Rapti, to collect
latest river cross sections. The cross section survey interval will be variable to describe the actual
pattern of the changing river course, but will normally be from 5-10 km interval. When new
topographical data becomes available, these can be incorporated in the hydraulic model. The hydraulic
model will include important structures, such as the barrages and embankments. The proposed model
is capable of routing flood through the river channel of any slope and flood plain simulating all aspects
of backwater, water logging, embankment breaches, etc. Flow exchange between river channel and
flood plain both inside and outside are part of the proposed 1D-2D modeling system. Special
consideration will be made to address the unique problems of these two rivers in terms of its active
morphology.
During flood forecasting operations, it is proposed to include data assimilation at all real time locations
in these basins. It is possible to include new and additional data when they are available. Data
assimilation will ensure the best model performance at time of forecast. New forecasting locations can
be incorporated downstream at any location as per requirement.
It is proposed to couple the 1D forecasting model to a 2D model for calculation of flood inundation in
flood prone areas. Using this integrated approach it will be possible to work with more realistic
calculation of flood inundation caused by breaches in embankments or caused by manmade cuts at
different locations in the embankments. The model will be able to simulate floods from a multiple of
causes (local heavy rains, tributary and backwater effects, water logging, effect of embankment
jacketed and un-jacketed portions etc.). The model will be able to predict inundation extent, depth,
timing and duration of flood at any specified location. The upstream catchments of these river basins
will be modeled with Rainfall-runoff model. 1-dimensional hydrodynamic model will be developed for
the main streams of Koshi and West Rapti Rapti and their major tributaries in Nepal. An integrated 1D-
2D model will be developed for the flood prone parts of these basins in Nepal, thus generating
inundation maps for flood prone part of the basin.
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Inundation results will be presented within the User Interface for further dissemination of flood warnings
of flooded areas as shown in Figure 4-4. . An example outcome of the recently developed flood
inundation model for the Bagmati-Adhwara Basin is depicted in a GIS environment in Figure 4-5.
Figure 4-4 Example of flood inundation modeling with breaches
Figure 4-5 Inundation map of Bagmati basin with Lidar data
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Before the models are used in real time, it will undergo a comprehensive calibration and validation
procedure carried out from available historical time series data. The following outputs will be
generated:
(i) Calibration and validation of historical floods in the Koshi and West Rapti to freeze
the model parameters.
(ii) Calibrated and validated model for flood forecast in with a lead time of at least 72
hours.
(iii) Plan for expansion of hydro-met network and real time data acquisition system.
(iv) Customized software which can extract and interface with real time data, estimates
and forecasts from global and national sources and thematic data from spatial data.
(v) Preparation of forecasts in appropriate flood warning reporting format
It is however, noted that the implementation of a fully integrated 1D-2D model will require high
quality topographic data. If such data is not available in time, DEM based on SRTM and Worldview
derived DEM will be used in the 2D model. An alternative approach of a quasi-2D approach will
also be adopted in which river channel and flood plain flows exchange takes place over river
banks, embankment and other flow obstructing structures. Flood cells and flood plain channel are
schematized using the MIKE11-ArcGIS features. Such an approach has been successfully
applied in Bangladesh in which model results are found accurate for inundation mapping as well
as forecasting applications. The recent applications in Krishna Basin in Maharashtra and in
Bagmati-Adhwara are also found satisfactory. Therefore, models for both the alternative
conditions will be developed for implementation in these basins.
4.2.4 The 1D-2D Modeling System

It is proposed to use MIKE FLOOD system, which is the most complete toolbox for flood modelling
available. It includes a selection of 1D and 2D flood simulation engines, enabling users to model
virtually any flood problem whether it involves rivers, floodplains, floods in cities, drainage
networks and embankment breaches or any combination of the above. MIKE FLOOD is applicable
at any scale from a small area to regional models and in any geographical area and hydrological
regime. Typical MIKE FLOOD applications include:
 Rapid flood assessments;

 Flood hazard mapping;
 Flood risk analysis for industrial, residential or agricultural areas;
 Flood contingency planning, e.g. planning of evacuation routes;
 Impact assessments of climate change issues;
 Flood defence failure studies.
MIKE FLOOD represents the river and channel system of the basin in a one dimensional (1D)
river network representation described by a series of cross sections along the river system, and
the two dimensional (2D) flood plain describing the topographic characteristics in either a classical
rectilinear grid or a flexible mesh. The latter provide a great flexibility for tailoring grid resolution
to complex topographic features in flood prone areas. MIKE FLOOD provides additional flexibility
in allowing the more detailed 2D representations in areas where detailed flood simulation are
required, and more simplified descriptions in other parts of the basin.
The hydrological conditions in the basin are described by a rainfall-runoff module providing a
continuous accounting of the water storages in the basin. Other features include static and
dynamic structures (barrage etc.) and infrastructures such as embankments, roads/railway lines
etc. Model can run for individual events with specific return periods and initial conditions. There
are several advantages of applying models like MIKE FLOOD. It provides more reliable and
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accurate flood maps and flood hazard maps, than e.g. simpler methods superimposing static
water level maps on topographic maps. It simulates water levels accurately taking into account
backwater effects from e.g. obstructions on the flood plain, and simulates correctly pathways,
which may not necessarily be the shortest and direct distance between e.g. the river and the point
of concern.
The proposed Mike11 River modelling software is also capable of sediment transport and
embankment breach modelling, which may be required by DHM later to study the complex river
morphology of these two and other rivers in Nepal. Figure 4-6 shows the modular structure of the
Mike11 software.
Figure 4-6 Mike11 software package
Figure 4-7 shows the flexible mesh approach used in MIKE Flood, which couples 1-D and 2-D
models.
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Figure 4-7 MIKE 21 Mesh elements and MIKE 11 river branch (blue line)
The decision on the modeling approach will be discussed and decided during the inception phase
in close corporation with DHM and SI consultants. A comprehensive review of modelling systems
will be provided. However, the Open Front-end data interface will allow the system to be coupled
to virtually any hydrological or hydraulic model. It is important that all the important tributaries and
contributing catchments are included in the integrated hydrological and hydrodynamic model, as
shown in the sample model domain in Figure 4-8.
Figure 4-8 The sample Integrated model domain
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4.2.5 Communication and Dissemination of Flood Forecast & Early Warning System
The developed flood forecast model for Koshi and West Rapti Basins will be incorporated as a part of
the real-time Flood Forecasting and Early Warning System, which can improve the forecast lead time
and the flood preparedness significantly. The implemented system can gradually be upgraded and
dynamically linked to other systems available in DHM.
Figure 4-9 and Figure 4-10 show examples and capabilities of the integrated real-time Flood
Forecasting and Early Warning System proposed for the Koshi and West Rapti basins in Nepal. Error!
Reference source not found. shows examples of the real-time User Interface, main view – Results
from the latest forecast simulation are available in a graphical view, tabular view and on a flood status
maps. With the User friendly tool it is possible (if needed) to further analyzing floods and if required
run scenarios to investigate uncertainty of forecasts etc.
The early warning system for floods in Koshi and West Rapti basins, developed from the integrated
flood forecasting system will help mitigate the flood related hazards by disseminating warnings to the
users/target communities a range of government and non-government organizations, media groups
and other interested parties. The core of the flood forecasting and early warning system is the real-
time user Interface as described above.
Figure 4-9 Illustration of features & capabilities of the Real Time User Interface (main view)
With the dissemination module (shown in Figure 4-10), it is possible to prepare and issue flood
warnings to predefined receivers. The Figure shows preparation of a flood warning message via E-
mail. The module also supports dissemination to predefined groups of receivers in various reporting
formats via E-mail and SMS alerts in addition to the WEB interface ( Figure 4-11), also accessed via
mobile phones.
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Figure 4-10 Examples from the dissemination module
Figure 4-11 Web interfaces used via mobile phones (example form Krishna Basin
Maharashtra, showing rainfall, water level & discharge)
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4.3 Knowledgebase Development for Comprehensive Risk Assessment
As per ToR, Task 2 deals with comprehensive risk assessment of the threats caused by flood hazard in
the two basins. Knowledgebase developed in the project will be used to carry out analysis of historical
data including return periods of flood hazards with varying lead times for the two basins and Identification
of historical observed highest flood discharge/level in Koshi and in West Rapti stations.
4.3.1 Knowledgebase
“Closing knowledge gaps about the Koshi and West Rapti River and thier floodplains” is a main aim in
this task. This will be achieved in two ways – first by developing comprehensive knowledge base with
all relevant data and second by establishing and strengthening capabilities at DHM in modelling and
data analysis - so that the problems of the these basins are clearly understood for Flood Forecasting
and Inundation Mapping system.
The knowledge base system will be developed with an active involvement of DHM because they will
be the custodian of all the data and database to be developed. DHM will also be responsible to maintain
and update the database in the future. Therefore, counterpart staff from DHM will be given specialized
and on-the-job training by consultant in the development and use of the knowledge base system to
ensure ownership and sustainability.
Knowledgebase includes preparation and development of a digital database including GIS layers like
land use, topographic information, digital elevation maps, and thematic information of the Koshi and
West Rapti river basins such as: a)Topography and Terrain (Land Cover, Fluvial morphology, Digital
Terrain Model (1m/ 0.5m), Buildings and infrastructures within 500m of High Flood Level (HFL); b)
Flood levels (Flood water levels analyzed at return periods of 2,5,10,20,50,100,200,500,1000years, at
different river cross-sections; Flood inundation depth at return periods 2,5,10,20,50,100,200,500,1000
years Warning level flood inundation maps, Danger level flood inundation maps; c) Vulnerability, and
Elements at Risk, at warning and danger levels, (Settlements, Buildings, Population, Agriculture land
parcels, Other assets including cattle, Infrastructures and utilities).
Thus using results of the flood forecasting modelling, which also will be hosted in knowledgebase. This
would help to identify areas/villages that are highly vulnerable to flood hazards and help in selecting
at least 4 such areas/villages from each basin based on consultations with DHM, the System Integrator
and other stakeholders. Ultimately the Flood Alert Rehearsals (mock drill) in these selected
areas/villages would be carried out.
4.3.2 Data Types

Data types may be classified according to the frequency at which the data change, and also reflect the
means of data collection:
 Time Series – comprise point based and raster based measurements of meteorological
and hydrometric data made at variable intervals.
 Annual Data – comprise surveys updated annually or every few years, such as river
cross sections. Water level-discharge rating curves are also included in this category.
 Static Data – comprise data which do not normally change over time, such as structure
geometry and basin topography.
4.3.3 Database Software

The database will collect and store a wide range of historical and real time hydrology related data
on the basin and from external sources, and provide access to DHM approved users. Availability to
both on-line and remote web users may also be considered. In addition to providing the input data
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for the mathematical models, the database will also store the results from the models. Proprietary
software is required for data storage and data display. The database will be used to store historical
hydrologic data on the basin and data collected through new surveys and real time data acquisition
system (RTDAS). It will also be used to store definitions of the various scenarios that WRD will
utilise for short and long term planning, and operational forecasting. Data with a spatial context will
be accessed in a GIS environment.
4.3.4 Database
The database component is a relational database management system (RDBMS) storing data in
the form of related tables. Relational databases require few assumptions about how data is related
or how it will be extracted from the database (Figure 4-12). As a result, the same database can be
viewed in many different ways.
The RDBMS is prepared for handling all types of data: GIS (spatial) data, time series, data of
riverine structures and model results. The Database components used in the system comprise:
 PostgreSQL – a standard well-proven Enterprise-level RDBMS

 PostGIS – an extension to PostgreSQL that makes it possible to maintain and process
GIS data
Figure 4-12 Dataflow structure in the Database
4.3.5 Knowledgebase Design

The Koshi and West Rapti Basin Knowledge is proposed to be a tailored knowledgebase system
developed using the above described software. Figure 4-13 shows the overall concept of the
knowledgebase system.
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Figure 4-13 Proposed Knowledgebase for the Koshi and West Rapti River Basin
4.3.6 Data categories

The database stores a wide range of data. The data are categorised according to the format in which
they are stored. The link between the data types, which essentially describes how the data are
collected, and the data categories is set out in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Data Categories
CATEGORY FORMAT TYPES
Spatial Data Shapefile Thematic Maps, DEM

Image Remote Sensing
Grid Meteorological Forecasts
Temporal Time Series Ground Based Point Data
Data (historical)
Remote Sensing
RTDAS
Meteorological Forecasts
Numerical Rainfall-Runoff Model Parameter Files
Models (NAM)
Hydrodynamics River Cross Sections
Scenario Structure Geometry
Definitions Embankments, including breach
locations
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4.3.7 External Links
Following types of external data source can be interfaced to the knowledgebase:
 Data from the Real Time Data Acquisition System (RTDAS) – Existing & proposed
 Data derived from Satellite images
 Weather data including meteorological forecasts e.g. from RIMES.
 Other Databases available with Government agencies of Nepal
4.4 Design and Development of an Operational Decision Support System

(ODSS)
As stipulated in the Task 6 of ToR, the ODSS will consist of the centralized monitoring and forecasting
facility located at the DHM Headquarters, the DHM regional Flood Forecasting & Warning centres at
Nepalgunj for West Rapti and at Dharan for Koshi. The additional facilities will be at the network of
appropriate Disaster Management Response Units (DMRU) at local communities. The ODSS will be
functional 24x7 basis guided by agreed Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and will provide
advisory on the risks involved, and deliver the Flood Early Warnings with response advisory to local
communities in the Koshi and West Rapti basins. The organization and management structure of the
ODSS will be developed in close cooperation with the DHM and the SI and will include defining the
roles and responsibilities of the different units, the posts of personnel and their qualifications and
tasks.
The tools and methods to be developed are broken into tasks which involves, preparation
specifications for the software required for the internet-based workstations for Flood Forecasting and
for Generating and dissemination Alerts and Early Warnings. The specifications of these workstations
will be developed in close co-operation with the DHM meteorologists, hydrologists and the SI. There
would be adequate internet connection facility made available at the regional flood warning centers.
Consultant will also contribute to prepare equipment specifications for establishing the above two
workstations and equip the station with early warning user interface with adequate
telecommunication capacity to access data and products from the DHM Headquarters, and with
communication technology to deliver warning information to DMRUs at local communities. The
consultant will specify the qualifications of the staff required for 24/7 operation, define roles and
prepare a training plan for the staff. During this process a close cooperation and support by DHM
and SI will be sought
.The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) also will be developed for communication and
dissemination of flood early alerts, warnings, and advisories in consultation with key stakeholders
(DHM, basin offices and Early Warning Centers) and community members. The flow of information
will be achieved through a combination of approaches including the use of existing infrastructure,
such as telephone and internet. Wherever possible, a mixture of technologies should be used, for
communication effectiveness and redundancy: e.g. website, emails, SMS, remote controlled siren,
radio, TV and cell broadcast, with backup such as HF-SSB transmission.
The other activities also include supporting local authorities and communities in identifying
evacuation sites/places and plan the evacuation routes and processes, conducting FEWS multi-
stakeholder exercises and drills to test the systems and identify areas in need of improvement,
conducting stakeholder interactions through pre-disaster workshops to evaluate, improve and
document FEWS performance after the events and also developing outreach activities in the target
communities for the introduction of FEWS products and services to the stakeholders and community
through information leaflets, workshops, publications.
Figure 4-14 shows the sample Operational DSS setup, which will be proposed in this project.
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Figure 4-14 Sample Operational DSS Setup
4.5 Capacity Building & Training

The long term sustainability and viability of the developed models and forecasting system is of
paramount importance and constitutes the most critical project performance indicator. The success of
the system can only be ensured if and when it is implemented and integrated within a project
partnership between DHM and the consultants, and through a dedicated capacity building and
technology transfer programme.
During the inception period and development phases, the Consultant in consultation with DHM will
elaborate and further refine the envisaged support to the capacity building and technology transfer
programme. The training to be delivered will include on-the-job hands-on training as well as dedicated
training on all aspects of modelling (setting up, calibration, validation, updating) and operation of the
flood forecasting and warning system and analysis and evaluation of results.
THE ACADEMY by DHI embraces all of DHI's global training and knowledge sharing activities. Every
year thousands of water professionals participate in training or knowledge sharing activities organised
by THE ACADEMY. Our standard courses, run by our more than 200 highly skilled trainers
worldwide, aim to enhance your knowledge about water environments and improve your skills in the
use of our MIKE by DHI and MIKE CUSTOMISED by DHI tools. Moreover, our user group meetings
and seminars are famous for bringing professionals together for knowledge sharing in a relaxed and
inspiring environment. Output from our research and development are shared with everyone
through THE ACADEMY and our publications.
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Activities in the two-year Support Period (one year operational and 2 years of remote technical 7
trouble shooting support) will be directed towards ensuring that the developed models are tested
successfully in real time forecasting, inundation mapping and disseminating early warning to
stakeholders and communities. Training sessions will also be planned for the support period.
DHI has a track record of successful technology transfer by training and working together with client
staff. For example, the flood forecasting and warning Centre of Bangladesh is being operated since
the last 15 years by Government staff. Since June 2013, WRD Maharashtra have started operating
the real time forecasting system for the Krishna and Bhima Basins developed by DHI under the World
Bank Hydrology Project –II. DHI is providing limited support during a two year period to ensure that
WRD is fully capable of maintaining, updating and operating the forecasting system. Training and
technical support was provided to FMISC on the Bagmat-Adhwara project and being provided to WRD,
Govt of Assam under Institutional strengthening consultancy.
The objective of Transfer of Knowledge (training) programme is to ensure that DHM officials are fully
capable of maintaining, updating and operating the modelling system by engaging them throughout
the project and by conducting a series of formal and on-the-job trainings, workshops, and by providing
a two-year technical support in the operation of real time forecasting in the first flood seasons after
completing the model development. Interim technical reports will be shared with the counterpart staff
and manuals of the modelling systems will be prepared.
On-the-job training: A minimum of six (6) DHM officials associated with the project will be fully
involved during data analysis, model development, forecast modelling, inundation modelling &
development of early warning and dissemination systems. The officers will be divided into core groups
such as, GIS and database, meteorological forecasting, hydrological modelling, hydrodynamic
modelling and inundation mapping, forecasting and warning dissemination. Towards the end of the
project the on-the-job training will be concluded with an intensive 10-day training covering all aspects
of model operation and updating. The consultant will also hold regular briefing meetings with all officers
of DHM associated with the project, other concerned government agreaies dealing with flood
management and other stakeholders.
Training courses: Formal training courses will be organised for a minimum of 10 officials of DHM on
advanced hydrology, meteorology, GIS & remote sensing application, data management hydraulics,
model development, calibration, validation, updating, inundation modelling, forecasting, warning
dissemination, etc. The training will be provided by the consultant’s experts associated in the project
as well as external resource persons form reputed academic institutions.
Table 4-2 Training and Study Tour Programme
Sr. Training Training topics Duration Participant Resource Venue

No. Module s persons
1 On-the-job Data base, GIS, Throughout DHM Consultant’s DHM
Training modelling, updating, the project officers experts
mapping, forecast involved in
generation and the project
warning, web based
dissemination,
scenario
management etc.
2 ICT Integration of data 1 week Consultant’s DHM
and models, coding, experts
web based and
mobile apps
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3 GIS & Remote Fundamentals and 1 week DHM Consultant’s DHM
Sensing advances in GIS & officers experts
RS application to
flood management
4 Database Development of 1 week DHM Consultant’s DHM
database, knowledge officers experts
base management,
time series data
analysis
5 Meteorological Theory of met 1 week DHM Consultant’s DHM
Forecasting forecasting, climate officers meteorologist
modelling, QPF,
probabilistic
forecasting
6 Modelling Rainfall-runoff 2 weeks DHM Consultant’s DHM
modelling, officers experts
hydrodynamic
modelling, inundation
mapping (2-D),
model calibration,
updating, flood
forecasting, web
based dissemination
programming.
7 International 1 week AIT Experts AIT
Training Bangkok
8 International 1 week DHI Austria,
technical International Slovenia,
Study tour Experts Denmark
Costs of the training modules (1) to (6) will be borne by the Consultant. All costs associated with
International training and study tours (module 7 and 8) will be borne by the client separately. DHI will
facilitate in organising these international courses and tours and the client will bear the actual costs
separately. Estimated costs may be added as a separate item in the contract at the time of negotiation
if desired by the client.
Workshops:
Four Workshops will be organised at different stages to share the findings and as well as obtain
feedback from DHM and other stakeholders. In addition to the four workshops, the consultant will
facilitate any other workshop or forums organised by the clients to various stakeholders and decision
makers.
1. Inception Workshop: Share data availability, international & national experience, needs
assessment, approach & methodology, work plan.
2. Mid Term Workshop: Demonstrate the model developed, share calibration and validation,
inundation model, forecast and warning system and formats; obtain feedback for further work and
detailed results.
3. Workshop on community based early warning: Two workshops will be organised at basin
levels – one in Dharan and one in Nepalganj to share & obtain feedback on the early warning
system developed in the project.
4. Final Workshop: Share overall modelling system, share the early warning and dissemination
system with stakeholders and decision makers to create awareness as well as to obtain feedback
for finalization of the system. Discuss sustainability of the developed system and finalize the
approach for the three-year technical support.
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4.6 Post Project Operational Support
As stated in the ToR, the Consultant will provide an operational technical support to DHM for a period
of two years after the completion and delivery of the present assignment. The operational support is
proposed to be delivered in the following ways:
 Software Upgrades: Due to rapid growth in computer modelling technology and research,
software and hardware versions are advanced every year. The developed system at DHM will
be upgraded to match the latest development in hardware (fast processing, graphical card etc.),
operating system and the modelling software. Since the forecasting systems including basin
simulation models are based on DHI’s state-of-the-art modelling software, DHI will provides
updates of the modelling software, and the Graphic User interface according to new releases
and new developments.
 Support in Model Updating: The hydrological and hydrodynamic models used in the basin may
require updating if new information becomes available. The updates may be in the form of
adding new cross sections, new structures, testing with new data or events and recalibration.
With the expansion of the DHM’s RTDAS network or additional data available in WEB
resources, it will be necessary to update the system to be able to capture all future sub-systems.
When more frequent data becomes available, e.g. hourly rainfall or water level, the simulation
model (rainfall-runoff and hydrodynamic) need to be fine-tuned to increase the accuracy of
forecasts. During the support period, DHI will work closely with DHM officials they become fully
capable to update the system in future.
 Remote Support through Help Desk and Hotline Support: A hotline support will be
permanently established as a help desk support at DHI, with remote access to the system in
DHM head office Kathmandu and basin offices in Dharan and Nepalganj. The local operational
staff and other related officials are able to contact the DHI experts via E-mail, skype or telephone
to resolve any software and operational problem related to the developed system. Remote
assistance will be provided for trouble shooting of the system as well as of forecasting models.
This remote assistance will be provided by DHI’s experts in New Delhi, and if required, by
experts from its head Quarter Copenhagen Denmark. DHI presence in New Delhi as well as its
global presence (from New Zealand to USA) enables it to respond to user’s calls 24/7.
 Experts visit: During the support period experts will also visit Nepal as and when required to
guide and support DHM officers in major trouble-shooting of the system and in upgrading the
flood forecast modelling system for new/improved data inputs and modelling software/operating
system/database/web server and any other related software upgrades and updates.
 Operational Support: DHI will provide required support to the concerned officials responsible
for the operation of the developed system. This support will be intensive during the first flood
season immediately after development of the FFEWS System. DHI will depute one full time
experienced flood modeller and system expert during four months of the flood season (June-
September). The modelling engineer and experts will be fulltime employees of DHI with earlier
experience of supporting on-site flood forecast operating system in India.
 Association during development & implementation: In order to sustain and operate the
system successfully during the support period and beyond, preparation will start right during the
development of the model in the consultancy project. DHM will be requested to assign qualified
officers to work closely with the consultant. Depending on the number of officers assigned to
work with the consultant team, thematic groups will be formed for the following activities. For
each thematic group, at least one lead officer will be assigned and a second officer will be
associated with the theme group to ensure sustainability in case of transfer and promotion of
the assigned officer.
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a. Meteorological forecasting: Associating closely with the Consultant’s meteorologist, learn
the details of rainfall forecasting system around the world, specifically for the Koshi and West
Rapti catchments in Nepal; analyze and document limitations of various QPF models,
formats, frequency and mode of data transfer; also, assess the accuracy of QPF compared
with observed areal rainfall and with other sources.
b. Database, GIS & Remote sensing: Closely associate with the Consultant’s GIS and
Database specialists and takeover the maintenance of the database and knowledgebase
developed. Compile all GIS data, maps, DEM, and satellite images.
c. Hydrological Modelling: Associate closely with the Consultant’s flood forecasting expert
and learn the concepts and details of rainfall-runoff models developed for the catchments in
the two basins. Activities will also include review of data requirements, checking data
accuracy etc in addition to calibration, validation and fine tuning of models.
d. Hydrodynamic and inundation modelling: This group will form the technological back up
of the forecasting group of DHM, which will associate closely with the Team leader, Flood
forecasting expert other modelling experts as and when they are available. Activities will
include developing models, calibration, validation parameter sensitivity analysis and fine
tuning of models.
e. Forecast system development & operation: This group will be responsible for the overall
system integration and development, who will associate with the team leader, flood
forecasting expert, ICT expert and ICT expert and other short term experts.
4.7 Task Description

The main tasks to be carried out in the consultancy are:
Task 1 : Carrying out in-depth assessment of the Disaster Management Institutional Framework
in Nepal and establishment of operational mechanisms with clear roles and responsibilities
including the development of effective communication strategies.
The sub-tasks are given below.
Task 1.1 Review of Legal and Regulatory Framework

Task 1.2 Review good practice examples of the National Disaster Management Plans (NDMP .
Task 1.3 Organizational Analysis at the National and Basin level
Task 1.4 Identification of linkages among Disaster Risk Management (DRM) agencies and DHM
within a disaster coordinating mechanism
Task 1.5 Assessing the current status of Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) in the Koshi and
West Rapti river basins
Task 1.6 Summarize key findings from Task 1 and propose recommendations for strengthening
end to end FEWS in the Koshi and West Rapti basins.
Task 2 : Comprehensive risk assessment of the threats caused by flood hazard in the two
basins .
Task 2.1 Carry out analysis of historical data including, but not limited to, return periods of flood
hazards with varying lead times for the two basins.
Task 2.2 Preparation and development of a digital library of geographical land use, topographic
information, availability of digital elevation maps, and thematic information
Task 2.3 Identification of areas/villages that are highly vulnerable to flood hazards and select at
least 4 such areas/villages from each basin based on consultations with DHM, the System
Integrator and other stakeholders.
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Task 3 : Review of the SI Report on Observation network and assessment of network adequacy
Task 3.1 Review the assessment report, prepared by SI on present observation network of
hydrological and meteorological stations, technical facilities, technology used
Task 3.2 Based on site visits, survey and review of documents and information, assess the
adequacy of the hydro-meteorological network and data acquisition system required for flood
forecasting and early warning in the two river basins
Task 3.3 Assess the current availability of information (both meteorological and hydrological) for
the Koshi and West Rapt available at DHM
Task 4 : Integrated Flood Forecast Modelling System
Task 4.1 Develop hydrological and hydraulic models calibrated and validated with historical data
for Koshi and West Rapti basins.
 Establish relationship between rainfall and runoff separately for each basin considering
the snowmelt runoff. The product should aim to establish critical thresholds for early
warning of flood events.
 Develop a flood forecasting system for the two basins, with input of the meteorological and
hydrological forecasts, in close collaboration with SI. The flood forecasting model should
estimate the flood discharge, flood level, time to peak discharge and flood duration. The
forecast of floods will be based on integrating hydrological precipitation–runoff models for
the upstream and intermediate catchments with hydrodynamic models along the rivers
channel and floodplains.
 Develop the system for Koshi and West Rapti river basins to automatically generate flood
inundation maps showing the locations of severe flood advisories, warning and alerts for
the 8 communities.
Task 4. 2 Integration of hydrological models with databases by developing a knowledgebase
system consists of time series data (historical and real time) with analytical capabilities; Satellite
and GIS data. The knowledge base and databases should preferably be developed using freely
available software tools.
Task 5 : Communication and Dissemination of Flood forecast and Early warning System
Task 5.1 Develop a web-based flood forecasting and early warning information system, so that
the flood forecasts and warning messages are uploaded into the Web in easily understandable
forms and also can be viewed with adequate resolution on mobile phones. The system should be
able to generate RSS (Rich Site Summary)-feeds and E-mail alerts automatically.
Task 5.2 Develop an effective early warning dissemination system with selection of the most
applicable communication systems taking the communication technology and methods used
locally.
Task 5.3 Develop an operational strategy for disseminating flood early warning at community level.
Task 6 : Design and development of an Operational Decision Support System (ODSS).

Task 6.1 Prepare specifications for the software required for the internet-based workstations for
Flood Forecasting and for Generating and dissemination Alerts and Early Warnings.
Task 6.2 Contribute (in cooperation and support by DHM and SI) to prepare equipment
specifications for establishing the above two workstations and equip the station with early warning
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user interface with adequate telecommunication capacity to access data and products from the
DHM Headquarters, and with communication technology to deliver warning information to DMRUs
at local communities.
Task6.3 Develop SOPs for communication and dissemination of flood early alerts, warnings, and
advisories in consultation with key stakeholders (DHM, basin offices and Early Warning Centers)
and community members.
Task 6.4 Support local authorities and communities in identifying evacuation sites/places and plan
the evacuation routes and processes.
Task 6.5 Conduct FEWS multi-stakeholder exercises and drills to test the systems and identify
areas in need of improvement (one event in each basin).
Task 6.6 Conduct stakeholder interactions through pre-disaster workshops to evaluate, improve
and document FEWS performance after the events (one event in each basin).
Task 6.7 Develop outreach activities in the target communities for the introduction of FEWS
products and services to the stakeholders and community through information leaflets, workshops,
publications.
Task 7 : Capacity Development
Task 7.1 Prepare System Operation Manual for the flood forecasting and early warning system,
ODSS, modeling tools, knowledge base systems, dissemination strategy etc.
Task 7.2 Develop training plan and manuals, and conduct training courses for DHM staff for
hydrological/hydraulic modeling, integrated system, ODSS, and numerical weather prediction.
Task 7.3 Conduct stakeholder workshops at national and river basin levels, to create awareness
and familiarization with the EWS products and to obtain feedback for improvement.
Task 7.4 Prepare and recommend a system sustainability plan.
Task 7.5 Provide operational support on the developed ODSS/ FFEWS models. This operational
support should be provided for one flood season in an intensive way so that DHM staff can take
over the role. At the end of the first flood season, performance assessment of the forecast and
EWS should be analyzed and reported. The Consultant should provide a remote technical and
troubleshooting support for a period of 2 years after the acceptance of the final report.
Table 4-4 presents the detailed task matrix with expected outputs.
The main tasks, detailed tasks and outputs presented are in full conformity with the ToR. The
consultant is committed to complete the tasks as stipulated in the ToR (RFP) and deliver the outputs
to the satisfaction of DHM.
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Table 4-3 Detailed Tasks and Deliverables
Task Task Title Detailed Tasks & Deliverables

Task 1 Assessment of the disaster 1.1 Review the existing legal and 
management institutional framework in regulatory frameworks for Disaster Risk
Nepal and establishment of operational Reduction (DRR) and Multi-Hazard Early
mechanisms with clear roles and Warning Systems (MHEWS) in Nepal and
responsibilities including the in other countries
development of effective
communication strategies 1.2 Assess technical and human resource
capacities of key agencies for FEWS, and
identify gaps
1.3 Technical and human resource

capacity at professional level for FEWS
1.4 Identify linkages among Disaster Risk
Management (DRM) agencies and DHM,
with a disaster coordinating mechanism,
and assess both vertical and horizontal
links
1.5 Assess current status of FEWS in the
two basins, including risk knowledge,
monitoring and warning service,
dissemination and communication, and
response
1.6 Overall recommendations for
strengthening end to end FEWS in the
two basins, including human resource
capacity and technical aspects of the
system.
Task 2 Comprehensive risk assessment of the 2.1 Analysis of historical flood events in 
threats caused by flood hazard in the each basin
two basins
2.2 A catalog of important flood stages and
their impact with respect to social and
economic consequences in each basin
2.3 Digital library for each basin showing
topography and terrain, flood levels, and
vulnerability of existing assets
In each basin select at least 4 villages which
are highly vulnerable to flood hazards and
conduct Flood Alert Rehearsals in these 4
villages
Task 3 Review of the SI report on observation 3.1 Review of the SI Observation Team 
network and assessment of network assessment report on present
adequacy observation network and processes of the
hydrological and meteorological stations
3.2 In each basin assess the adequacy of

the present hydro-meteorological network
and data acquisition system required for
flood forecasting, and recommend
improvements
3.3 Assess the adequacy of current
meteorological and hydrological information
in each basin available from DHM
3.4Install hydrological and hydraulic models
for flood forecasting
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Task 4 Integrated flood forecast modeling 4.1 Detailed design of flood modeling &
system early warning and Inundation Modeling
system including inputs and outputs,
Internal and external interfaces, data flow
schedules for dynamic updating of model,
and Input-output data formats
4.2 Installation of hydrological and hydraulic

models for flood forecasting
Calibrate and validate hydrological and
hydraulic models with historical data from
the two basins
4.3 Link the forecast models to a real time

data acquisition system including radar,
weather forecast, and other web-based
data
4.4 Establish relationship between rainfall

and runoff, incorporating the snowmelt
equivalent water, for the two basins
4.5 In each basin automatically generate

flood inundation maps from the flood
forecasting models
4.6 Integrate the hydrological models with

a knowledge-based system of databases
Task 5 Communication and dissemination of 5.1 A web-based flood forecasting and

flood forecast and early warning early warning dissemination system
system
5.2 Mobile apps to provide SMS alerts
5.3 An operational strategy for
disseminating flood early warning at
community level
Task 6 Design and development of an 6.1 Two workstations for FFEWS at
Operational Decision Support System Nepalgunj and Dharan
(ODSS)
6.2 Equipment specifications for these two
workstations
6.3 Equip the two workstations with an early
warning user interface
6.4 Specify qualifications, define roles, and
prepare training plan for those DHM staff
proposed for manning the two workstations
6.5 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
for communication and dissemination of
flood warnings, alerts, and advisories
6.6 Identify evacuation sites and routes
One FEWS multi-stakeholder drill in each
basin
6.7 One Pre-disaster workshop in each
basin
Introduce FEWS products and services to
stakeholders and community
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Task 7 Capacity development 7.1 System Operation Manual
7.2 Training plan, manuals, and training
courses for DHM staff
7.3 Stakeholder workshops, to create
awareness of EWS products
7.4 System sustainability plan
7.5 System performance assessment and
system improvement plan
7.6 Operational support on the developed
ODSS/FFEWS models for one flood season
7.7 Remote technical and troubleshooting

support on the developed ODSS/FFEWS
models for 2 years after final report
4.8 Work Plan

4.8.1 Timing of Activities
Given that the Consultant is able to offer a mature technology basis from which the Integrated flood
forecasting and early warning system will be established, the implementation schedule laid out in the
ToR is considered fully feasible. Detailed Work Schedule and planning for deliverables is presented
in FORM TECH-5.
The work plan provides a summary of the deliverables, activities, timing and dependencies among
proposed project tasks. Each task has been divided into a set of activities, each of which represents
a logical grouping of the activities and deliverables as per the ToR. Each deliverable will be
accompanied by a Workshop to be organised in consultation with DHM.
The associated work plan staffing schedules are given in FORM TECH-5 and FORM TECH-6,
respectively.
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4.8.2 Inception Report
Activity Activities Start End
ID Month Month
Report Inception Report 1 1
Deliverables Project
Month
Inception Report containing: 1

 Details of task execution modality together with a work schedule including
capacity needs assessment. It will include clear approach, methodology,
and deliverables & Time line; Review the existing information, identify gaps,
specifications for survey, if required. Also will include (i) additional tasks, (ii)
work and staffing plans, (iii) reporting modalities including all risks and issues
affecting project deadlines and effective execution of project activities
4.8.3 Task 1 Assessment of the disaster management institutional framework in Nepal

ID Month Month
1.1 Review the existing legal and regulatory frameworks for 1 2

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Multi-Hazard Early
Warning Systems (MHEWS) in Nepal and in other countries
1.2 Identify gaps in the National Strategy for Disaster Risk 1 2
Management in Nepal (2009) and recommend
improvements for establishing strong operational links
between DRR agencies in each basin
1.3 Prepare organizational maps for each basin showing key 2 2
agencies involved in different aspects of end to end FEWS
1.4 Assess technical and human resource capacities of key 2 3
agencies for FEWS, and identify gaps
1.5 Technical and human resource capacity at professional level 2 3
for FEWS
1.6 Identify linkages among Disaster Risk Management (DRM) 2 3
agencies and DHM, with a disaster coordinating mechanism,
and assess both vertical and horizontal links
1.7 Assess current status of FEWS in the two basins, including 2 2
risk knowledge, monitoring and warning service,
dissemination and communication, and response
1.8 Overall recommendations for strengthening end to end 3 3
FEWS in the two basins, including human resource capacity
and technical aspects of the system
Month
 Recommendations for strengthening end to end FEWS in the two basins, 3

including human resource capacity and technical aspects of the system
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4.8.4 Task 2 Risk assessment of the threats caused by flood hazard in the two basins
ID Month Month
2.1 Analysis of historical flood events in each basin 3 4
2.2 A catalog of important flood stages and their impact with 4 5

respect to social and economic consequences in each basin
2.3 Digital library for each basin showing topography and 3 6
terrain, flood levels, and vulnerability of existing assets
2.4 In each basin select at least 4 villages which are highly 6 6
vulnerable to flood hazards and conduct Flood Alert
Rehearsals in these 4 villages
Deliverables Project Month

Interim Progress Report : 6
Progress of activities, workshops/consultation with experts,
stakeholders including GOs, INGOs and civil society
4.8.5 Task 3 Review of the SI report on observation network and assessment

of network adequacy
ID Month Month
3.1 Review of the SI Observation Team assessment report on 3 4

present observation network and processes of the
hydrological and meteorological stations
3.2 In each basin assess the adequacy of the present hydro- 4 5
meteorological network and data acquisition system
required for flood forecasting, and recommend
improvements
3.3 Assess the adequacy of current meteorological and 6 7
hydrological information in each basin available from DHM
3.4 Install hydrological and hydraulic models for flood 7 7
forecasting
Month
 Installation of hydrological and hydrodynamic models for flood forecasting 7
4.8.6 Task 4 Assessment of the disaster management institutional framework in Nepal

ID Month Month
4.1 Detailed design of flood modeling & early warning and 6 8

Inundation Modeling system including inputs and outputs,
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Internal and external interfaces, data flow schedules for
dynamic updating of model, and Input-output data formats
4.2 Installation of hydrological and hydraulic models for flood 7 7
forecasting
4.3 Calibrate and validate hydrological and hydraulic models 7 11
with historical data from the two basins
4.4 Link the forecast models to a real time data acquisition 10 11
system including radar, weather forecast, and other web-
based data
4.5 Establish relationship between rainfall and runoff, 8 9
incorporating the snowmelt equivalent water, for the two
basins
4.6 In each basin automatically generate flood inundation maps 11 12
from the flood forecasting models
4.7 Integrate the hydrological models with a knowledge-based 11 12
system of databases
Month
 Calibration and validation of hydrological and hydraulic models 11

 Linking Models to RTDAS 11
 Generation of Flood Maps 12
 Integration of models with knowledgebase 12
Second Progress Report : 9
all the activities carried out within this 9 month period
Mid Term Report : 12
Development of flood forecasting system, flood forecasting models, decision
support system
4.8.7 Task 5 Communication and dissemination of flood forecast and early warning
system
Activities and Timing Start End
Activity Month Month
ID
5.1 Web-based flood forecasting and early warning dissemination 10 15

system
5.2 Mobile apps to provide SMS alerts 14 15
5.3 Operational strategy for disseminating flood early warning at 13 15
community level

 Web-based FF&EWS 15
 Mobile App for SMS Alert 15
 Operational Strategy for flood early warning dissemination to 15
communities
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4.8.8 Task 6 Design and development of an Operational Decision Support System
(ODSS)
ID Month Month
6.1 S/w Specifications for Two workstations for FFEWS at 7 7

Nepalgunj and Dharan
6.2 Equipment specifications for these two workstations 7 7
6.3 Equip the two workstations with an early warning user 13 15
interface
6.4 Specify qualifications, define roles, and prepare training plan 12 13
for those DHM staff proposed for manning the two
workstations
6.5 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for communication 15 17
and dissemination of flood warnings, alerts, and advisories
6.6 Identify evacuation sites and routes 14 17
6.7 One FEWS multi-stakeholder drill in each basin 17 17
6.8 One Pre-disaster workshop in each basin 17 17
6.9 Introduce FEWS products and services to stakeholders and 17 18
community
Month
 S/w and Workstations Specification for FF&EWS 7

 Training plan for DHM staff to man workstations 13
17
 SOPs for communication and dissemination of flood warnings
18
 Introduce FEWS products and services
Operation & Commissioning Report 18
4.8.9 Task 7 Capacity Development
Activity Activities and Timing Start End

ID Month Month
7.1 System Operation Manual 17 20

7.2 Training plan, manuals, and training courses for DHM staff 6 21
7.3 Stakeholder workshops, to create awareness of EWS products 19 20
7.4 System sustainability plan 17 19
7.5 System performance assessment and system improvement 19 20
plan
7.6 Operational support on the developed ODSS/FFEWS models 25 36
for one flood season
7.7 Remote technical and troubleshooting support on the 25 48
developed ODSS/FFEWS models for 2 years after final report

 Manuals, training plan and materials 6, 12, 18
 Stakeholder Workshops 19,20
 System Sustainability Plan 19
4-34
 Operational support on the ODSS/FFEWS for 1 Flood Season 25-36
 Remote technical and troubleshooting support for 2 years 25-48
Third Progress Report : 22
All the activities carried out within this 22 month period.
Workshops
1
Inception Workshop
12
Mid Term Workshop
24
Final Workshop
4.8.10 Draft Final and Final Report

ID Month Month
Report Draft Final Report 22 23

Final Report 23 24
Month
Draft Final Report 23

Final Report 24
4.8.11 Reporting Schedule
Report Draft Review by Revised report with review Compliance Revised

Submission HLEC/DHM compliance Review by Final
DHM
Inception By end of Within 30 Within 1 week after receiving 1 week 1 week

Report month 1 days HLEC review/comments/
suggestions
Interim Month 6 Within 30 Within 2 weeks after receiving 1 week 1 week

Progress days HLEC
Report review/comments/suggestions
Second Month 9 Within 30 Within 2 weeks after receiving 1 week 1 week

Progress days HLEC
Mid Term Month 12 Within 30 Within 2 weeks after receiving 1 week 1 week
Report days HLEC
review/comments/suggestions
4-35
Operation and Month 18 Within 30 Within 2 weeks after receiving 1 week 1 week
Commissioning days HLEC
Third Progress Month 22 Within 15 Within 2 weeks after receiving 1 week 1 week
Report days HLEC
Draft Final Month 23 Within 15 Within 2 weeks after receiving 1 week 1 week
Report days HLEC
Final Report Month 24
4.9 Organisation and Staffing

4.9.1 Project Organisation
The project team is composed with the objective to ensure an efficient project implementation with
clear lines of communications and responsibilities. The nature of the work to be carried out is diverse
with various disciplines extending across several of the project tasks defined in the ToR.
The Consultant plans to implement the project with the team shown in Figure 4-15. The key
international staff comprises the Team Leader, who is also an expert in Flood & Early Warning
System and the Flood Forecasting Expert, who is also a modelling specialist. Both of them have
experience of developing and implementing flood forecast models in similar river systems in Asia.
The other key international staff comprises the Numerical Data Analyst, ICT System Expert and
Hydromet Database Expert
The National Experts includes Flood Forecasting Expert, who is also proposed as Deputy Team
Leader, Meteorologist, GIS Expert, Survey Expert, Community Mobilization & GESI Expert and
Training & HRD Specialist. Complementing the core team will be a pool of international non-key
staff.
The Consultant proposes to work closely with DHM team to ensure consensus on the decisions to
be taken at important milestones in the project. Moreover, this will help coordinate efforts across
different projects currently under implementation by DHM.
4-36
Figure 4-15 Consultant's Team organization to work under DHM
4.9.2 Staffing
The project team proposed by the Consultant comprises recognised and highly experienced
specialists within the various disciplines required by the project. The Consultant’s team includes
skilled international and national experts bringing comprehensive experience from similar projects
carried out in India, the Asian region and around the world.
The proposed Team Leader, Hans Christian Ammentorp has been worked as Team Leader in many
Flood Forecasting projects and recently been responsible in development and implementation of the
latest models and DSS for river basin planning in India under the World Bank aided Hydrology project-
II. He has been responsible for application of the models and DSS in 12 river basins in India.
Currently working as Sr Hydrologist, Water Resources Department of DHI Denmark, he is responsible
for development of flood forecasting models, river basin water models for planning and management
as well as development and application of Real Time DSS. He has worked widely in India,
Bangladesh, Malaysia and other countries in Asia, Africa, Australia and Europe. The proposed
numeric data analyst, Dr Jayaraman Potty is an international expert in developing meteorological
models for rainfall forecasting. He has been the key meteorological forecaster of RIMES. The
proposed flood forecasting expert, Gregers Jorgensen was the main developer of the rainfall-runoff
model, forecasting model, inundation model and the Web based flood forecasting user interface
software in RTSF&ROS project in Krishna basin, Maharashtra, India. Gregers Jorgensen has also
been the developer of the rainfall-runoff model and the forecasting system for the RTDSS for Bhakra
Beas system - BBMB project. The proposed ICT System Expert, Dr Anders Klinting has 25 years of
IT experience in numerous projects focusing on design, development, implementation, population
and deployment of server database solutions, information and knowledge management systems, and
decision support systems for water resources planning and real time flood forecasting operations,
with substantial experience of simple as well as complex information systems. He has worked in
many countries in Europe, North America and Australia as well as in developing countries such as
China, India, and Bangladesh. Dr Klinting has been responsible for the specification and development
of the web based Knowledge Base for the BBMB RTDSS and the Krishna-Bhima real time forecasting
project. The proposed Hydromet database management expert, Mr Amit Garg Mr. Garg holds a
M.Tech. from IIT Roorkee. He has been working for about 12 years, specialising in developing
database and programs for user interface (GUI) and real time data link protocols through different
communication channels, including experience in designing, developing, and implementing database
management system.
4-37
Similarly the consultant is proposing a very strong team of National experts with Dr Khada Nanda
Dulal as flood forecastinf expert as well as deputy team leader. Dr Dulal has Ph.D. Hydrology and
Water Resources Engineering from University of Yamanashi, Japan. He has vast experience of
working in Nepal, UK and Japan. Other national experts include, Mr Suresh Marahatta, proposed as
Meteorologist, Mr Binod Prasad Dhakal, proposed as GIS expert, Mr Ujwal Chandra Gautam,
proposed as Survey Expert, Dr Manjeshwori Singh, proposed as Community Mobilization and GESI
expert and Raj Mukut Bhusal, proposed as Traning and HRD expert have the most recent and
relevant experience in Nepal during their long, which are presented briefly in the following
paragraphs.
A tabular overview of proposed key experts highlighting educational qualification, experience and
areas of expertise in relation to this project is presented Table 0-1.
4.9.3 Description of proposed specialists

International Experts
Team Leader (flood forecast and early warning system expert), Mr Hans Christian
Ammentorp
The proposed Team Leader, Mr Hans Christian Ammentorp holds M.Sc. in Civil Engineering,
specialised in Hydraulics and Hydrology from Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen and has
more than thirty years of experience in flood and water resources management systems. Since 1982
he worked with DHI on flood and water resource management and with focus on real time flood
forecasting & warning projects in many different regions of the world including developing countries
like India, Bangladesh and Malaysia in Asia. He has been the pioneer in the development and
application of reservoir inflow forecast and operation system for Maithan project of Damodar Valley
Corporation (DVC) in 1984. Mr. Ammentorp has recently been responsible as team Leader in
development and implementation of the latest models and DSS for river basin planning in India under
the World Bank aided Hydrology project-II in 12 river basins in India. He has also developed flood
forecasting systems in Malaysia during his two year stay as Head of Water Resources Department,
DHI-Malaysia. He was also on worked as Associate Professor on deputation at Asian Institute of
Technology, Thailand for two years during which he was involved in Support for development and
application of MIKE 11 model to improve reservoir operations for flood control in various countries,
apart from his academic duties. Mr. Ammentorp has worked widely in Asia, Africa and Europe.
Numeric Data Analyst - Dr. Jayaraman Potty

Dr. Potty has extensive experience in rainfall forecasting etc. He has been the key meteorological
modeler to produce QPF in RIMES. He was involved in the development and implementation of
Hydro-Meteorological Early Warning System Projects over countries in Asia Pacific region and
Capacity buildings through trainings and teaching. He has worked worked on different regional
weather prediction models such as RAMS, MM5, NRL regional model etc. after installing them at the
laboratory and their simulation performances are studied on cyclone track and Intensity prediction
over the Bay of Bengal.
Flood Forecasting Expert – Mr. Gregers Jorgensen

Mr Gregers Jørgensen (MSc, full time DHI employee) joined DHI more than 20 years ago and has
since spearheaded the development and application of hydrological and hydrodynamic models and
web based user interface systems for real time flood forecasting and management. His many
assignments have involved tailoring the interfaces to clients’ needs, and conducting training on the
application, operation and maintenance of the forecasting system. He is the most experienced
rainfall-runoff modeller who has developed and successfully applied such models in many countries
of the world notably, in Bangladesh, Nepal, India, Slovenia, Thailand, Austria, Thailand, China, Iran,
Turkey, Italy etc. Mr Jørgensen has specific working experience from projects in India including with
CWC, NIH, and with BBMB RTDSS rainfall-runoff model, Andhra Pradesh and most recently from
the real time flood forecasting project in Krishna and Bhima basins in Maharashtra, where he has
4-38
directly contributed to the development of the real time forecasting. He has excellent skills in training
of counterpart staff, with an aim of making them fully capable of running the forecasting system after
the project. The flood forecasting system of Bangladesh is also one of Mr. Jørgensen’s legacies. He
has recently developed the Regional Ganga-Brahmaputra Flood Outlook system for ICIMOD,
Kathmandu, which is design to support for Nepal, India, Bangladesh and Bhutan in setting up flood
forecasting systems.
ICT System Expert- Dr Anders Klinting

Dr Anders Klinting has 25 years of IT experience. He joined DHI in 1995 and has throughout his
career at DHI been involved in numerous projects focusing on design, development, implementation,
population and deployment of server database solutions, information and knowledge management
systems, and decision support systems for water resources planning and real time flood forecasting
operations, with substantial experience of simple as well as complex information systems. He has
worked in many countries in Europe, North America and Australia as well as in developing countries
such as China, India, and Bangladesh. Dr Klinting has been responsible for the specification and
development of the web based Knowledge Base for the BBMB RTDSS and the Krishna-Bhima real
time forecasting project, with many similarities to the system required for the Koshi and West Rapti
systems. He has extensive experience in the preparation of design specifications and
documentation, such as the definition of standards and specification of protocols for data sharing
and real time data interfacing with external systems, custom and tailored information management
system displays, and use of web-browser technology in information dissemination.
Hydromet Database management Expert -Mr. Amit Garg

Mr. Garg holds a M.Tech. from IIT Roorkee . He has been working for about 12 years, specialising
in developing databases and programs for user interface (GUI) and real time data link protocol
through different communication channels, including experience in designing, developing, and
implementing database management system. Mr Amit has worked on Regional G-B Flooded Outlook,
Flood Forecasting for Krishna and BBMB, Inflow forecast for DVC, in which he developed the utilities
for automatic data integration for modelling which includes real time surface meteorological and
hydrological stations, radar networks, TRMM & GPM data, QPF from GFS, RIMES, IMD, and also
the warning dissemination systems for the delivery of weather products and early warning to
stakeholders. He has worked on similar projects in Nepal, India, South Africa and New Zealand.
National Experts
Flood Forecasting Expert/ Deputy Team Leader - Dr. Khada Nanda Dulal- is a Ph.D holder in
Hydrology and Water Resource Engineering) having 20 years of experience and worked on Flood
warning and danger level of many rivers in flood forecasting stations, Preparation guidelines of power
system optimization of hydropower projects, Updating and upgrading water resource information
system and assessment of Basin/Sub Basin Water availability, Preparation of Water Induced Hazard
Maps of East Rapti River Basin and Kanki River Basin.
Meteorologist - Suresh Marahatta is M.SC. holder in Hydrology and Meteorology having 14 years of
experience Installation of hydrometric station, calibration of the station, measurement and analysis of
suspended sediment loads in the river and preparation of hydrological report, Bathymetric and
hydrological survey of lakes and surrounding area, Analysis of hydrological and meteorological data
of the Marine river basin and preparation of river training master plan report, Intensive high flow
measurement and preparation of rating curve and preparation of hydrological report.
GIS Expert - Binod Prasad Dhakal is a master in Geo Information System having 16 years of
experience in Converted existing rural road data and topographic data to National Grid. Examined the
spatial and attribute data available of rural roads and establish the data gaps, Compiled and converted
GPS collected spatial information to GIS shapefiles, Created GIS population raster database as per
Nepal population census 2011, Prepare GIS bases accessibility modelling based on terrain, rive and
river crossing, created a half, one, two, and four hour accessibility of all-weather roads.
Survey Expert - Ujwal Chandra Gautam having diploma in Advanced Photogrammetry Technology
having experience of 34 years and has done Calculation coordinates in the designed and construction
drawings, Fixed position alignment of Diversion dam, intake structure and collector channel and power
4-39
conduit, Conducted alignment control of six kilometers long head race tunnel, Conducted geological
survey, monitoring survey, grouting hole survey. Supervised engineering survey works, p repared
topographical map in different scales followed by computation of horizontal and vertical distances from the field
data.
Community Mobilization and GESI Expert - Dr. Manjeshwori Singh is a Ph.D. holder in Rural and
Regional Studies and having 15 years of experience in Integrating GESI approach in all programs of
sector efficiency improvement unit, Situational analysis of integration of GESI in wash program, identify
gap/constraints and made recommendation for making policy on how can be integrate GESI, Assisted
to prepare national Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and warning protocols in consultation with
stakeholders including communities.
Training and HRD Specialist - Raj Mukut Bhusal is having Masters of Philosophy (MPhil) and having
25 years of extensive experience in Preparation of action plan for operational training and drills among
executing agencies, stakeholders and communities, Maintained close coordination with local, regional
and national governments, Conduction of training on the use of the Decision support and response
system, Assessment of existing information exchange mechanisms, knowledge gaps and the response
capability of different end users to follow warning protocol and standard operating procedure.
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Table 0-1 Summary of Key Profession Staff Qualification and Experience
Summary of Key Profession Staff Qualification and Experience
Name Position Experience Education Experience related to the present Project
Hans Christian Team Leader 33 years M.SC. (Civil.

Team Leader for DSS(Planning) project in development and implementation of the latest models and
Ammentorp Eng),
/FEWS Expert DSS for river basin planning in India under the World Bank aided Hydrology project-II in 12 river basins
specialized in
in India
Hydraulics &
Hydrology) Over 30 years of professional and academic experience in the field of water resources , hydrology,
flood management, river basin management, training & institutional development
He has been the pioneer in the development and application of India’s first reservoir inflow forecast and
operation system for Maithan reservoir of Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC).
He was involved in setting up the Bangladesh forecasting system and establishment and strengthening
the Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre in Bangladesh.
He has also developed flood forecasting systems in Malaysia during his two year stay as Head of
Water Resources Department, DHI-Malaysia.
Expert/supervisor on the development and application of mathematical models for hydrological
analysis, flood forecasting & management, inundation modeling, water resources management, river
hydraulics and environment, well conversant with the state-of-the-art computer technology and GIS
applications to flood risk mapping, assessment and disaster management.
As Associate Professor on deputation at Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand for two years during
which he was involved in Support for development and application of MIKE 11 model to improve
reservoir operations for flood control in various countries in Asia, apart from his academic duties.
Mr. Ammentorp has worked widely in Asia, Africa and Europe
Dr. Jayaraman Numeric Data 20 years Ph.D. Experience in rainfall forecasting etc.
Potty Analyst Numerical
Has been the key meteorological modeler to produce QPF in RIMES
weather
prediction, Development and Implementation of Hydro-Meteorological Early Warning System Projects over
countries in Asia Pacific region and Capacity buildings through trainings and teaching
M.Sc.
Meteorology Worked on different regional weather prediction models such as RAMS, MM5, NRL regional model etc.
after installing them at the laboratory and their simulation performances are studied on cyclone track
and Intensity prediction over the Bay of Bengal.
4-41

Worked with DHM Nepal and prepared QOF from WRF models and advised in flood forecasting and
warning
Gregers Helge Flood 30 years M.SC. (Civil. Key developer of MIKE11 FLOOD WATCH and the latest MIKE CUSTOMIZED, as real time user
Jørgensen Forecasting Eng), interface / DSS for world wide application and also assisted the team in customizing the same for the
Expert specialized in Bagmati-Adhwara Basin, UP
Hydrology
Responsible for modeling and establishing the flood forecasting System for the Slovenian rivers Sava
and Soca, flood forecasting system on Raab river in Austria and Hungary, development and
implementation of Flood forecasting system on Maritza river in Turkey, real time flood forecasting for
Enns river in Austria, Development of a forecasting system for Chantaburi River in Thailand etc.
 Extensive experience in Indian river basins and other large river basins in Asia and around the world
 Development and application of real time forecasting systems
 Development and application of hydrologic and hydraulic model, especially, expert in rainfall-runoff
modeling with vast knowledge of India catchments and similar river basins in Asia.
 Integration of models with weather forecasts, real time satellite and ground based data
 Extensive knowledge of hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling tools used in flood forecasting;
rainfall- run-off modeling
 He has been working as Senior Hydrologist, Web based modeler and Forecasting Expert in
development and implementation of flood forecasting system for the Krishna and Bhima River basins
in Maharashtra
 Key expert in the development of real time hydrological model and forecasting system and
implementation in BBMB Project, Chandigarh.
Dr. Anders ICT System 27 Ph.D. (Civil  Dr. Anders is Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Technical University of Denmark.
Klinting Expert Engineering)
 He was involved in database development, design and development of a new common IT system
for water Resource Management around the Nile, Decision Support Systems for Bhakra-Beas
Management System, RTSF&ROS for Krishna.
 He has worked as Database Specialist in various DSS Projects like Development of DSS for
Integrated Water Resources Development and Management where he was responsible for design
and development of database solution.
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 He has experience in designing and implementing communication protocols integrating real time
data acquisition systems, meteorological forecasts, modelling systems and information
dissemination systems.
 Mr. Garg holds a M.Tech. from IIT Roorkee .
Amit Garg Hydromet 12 years M.Tech. (Civil
Database Engineering)  He has been working for about 12 years, specialising in developing programs for user interface (GUI)
management and real time data link protocol through different communication channels, including experience in
Expert designing, developing, and implementing database management system. Mr Amit has worked on
Regional G-B Flooded Outlook, Flood Forecasting for Krishna and BBMB, Inflow forecast for DVC,
in which he developed the utilities for automatic data integration for modelling which includes real
time surface meteorological and hydrological stations, radar networks, TRMM & GPM data, QPF from
GFS, RIMES, IMD, and also the warning dissemination systems for the delivery of weather products
and early warning to stakeholders.
 He has worked on similar projects in Nepal, India, South Africa and New Zealand.
 Worked on Flood warning and danger level of many rivers in flood forecasting stations.
Dr. Khada Flood 20 years Ph.D
Nanda Dulal Forecasting (Hydrology and  Preparation guidelines of power system optimization of hydropower projects.
Expert/ Water  Updating and upgrading water resource information system and assessment of Basin/Sub Basin
Deputy Team Resource Water availability. Preparation of Water Induced Hazard Maps of East Rapti River Basin and Kanki
Leader Engineering) River Basin

 Application of Artificial Intelligence Technique in Water Resources. Analysis, processing and
 publication of hydrological data of different stations of Koshi Basin

 Design and construction of River Training works considering climate change and glacier lake outburst
flood risk..
Suresh Meteorologist 14 years M.SC.  Installation of hydrometric station, calibration of the station, measurement and analysis of
Marahatta (Hydrology and suspended sediment loads in the river and preparation of hydrological report
Meteorology)  Bathymetric and hydrological survey of lakes and surrounding area
 Analysis of hydrological and meteorological data of the Marine river basin and preparation of river
training master plan report
 Intensive high flow measurement and preparation of rating curve and preparation of
hydrological report
4-43
Binod Prasad GIS Expert 16 years Masters in Geo  Converted existing rural road data and topographic data to National Grid. Examined the spatial
Dhakal Information and attribute data available of rural roads and establish the data gaps.
System
 Compiled and converted GPS collected spatial information to GIS shapefiles
 Created GIS population raster database as per Nepal population census 2011.
 Prepare GIS bases accessibility modelling based on terrain, rive and river crossing, created a
half, one, two, and four hour accessibility of all-weather roads
Ujwal Chandra Survey Expert 34 years Diploma  Calculated coordinates in the designed and construction drawings. Fixed position alignment of
Gautam (Advanced Diversion dam, intake structure and collector channel and power conduit.
Photogrammetr
y Technology)  Conducted alignment control of six kilometers long head race tunnel.
 Conducted geological survey, monitoring survey, grouting hole survey. Supervised engineering
survey works
 Prepared topographical map in different scales followed by computation of horizontal and
vertical distances from the field data
Dr. Manjeshwori Community 15 years Ph.D (Rural and
 Integrating GESI approach in all programs of sector efficiency improvement unit.
Singh Mobilization Regional
and GESI Studies)  Situational analysis of integration of GESI in wash program, identify gap/constraints and made
Expert recommendation for making policy on how can be integrate GESI.
 Assisted to prepare national Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and warning protocols in
consultation with stakeholders including communities.
Raj Mukut Training and 25 years Masters of  Preparation of action plan for operational training and drills among executing agencies,
Bhusal HRD Philosophy stakeholders and communities.
Specialist (MPhil)  Maintained close coordination with local, regional and national governments
 Conduction of training on the use of the Decision support and response system
 Assessment of existing information exchange mechanisms, knowledge gaps and the response
capability of different end users to follow warning protocol and standard operating procedure
4-44
4.9.4 Project Management
Management of the project will be the responsibility of the Team Leader Mr Hans Christian
Ammentorp, supported by key experts, as needed. In order to ensure proper planning, coordination
and compliance with established procedures, all formal communication with DHM will be passed
through the Team Leader. It is however important that the consultants at all times exchange
information and ideas with counterpart staff, and that this networking should take place in an open
spirit working towards a common goal. Bi-weekly/monthly meetings would be held involving project
staff to monitor progress, discuss issues and identify solutions. It is recommended that DHM
structure their project team similar to the consultants’. A one to one cooperation between the various
consultants and DHM specialists will foster a close working relationship, and enhance technology
transfer through learning by doing. This is important also with respect to the Team Leader-DHM
Coordinator role, the latter providing leadership, support and guidance to the Team. Thus when the
Consultant completes its work, and the transition of responsibilities to the DHM Team is effected,
DHM has a functioning and capable staff structure in place to take over the reins of the project. This
proposed participation of DHM at all levels will pave the way for a close and lasting collaboration.
4.9.5 Project Review

The Consultant will cooperate with DHM in conducting regular project progress reviews, which will
include issues related to data, coordination with agencies, and delivery of outputs in time etc. The
consultant will be available during the review meetings in evaluation of the deliverables. Interactive
participation by the Consultant in such meeting is seen as a productive process towards achieving
the objectives of the project.
4.9.6 Reporting
Project reports will be drafted and delivered according to project schedule. All reports will first be
submitted to DHM in Draft form as required in the TOR. Revision and refinements will be carried out
after review committee’s comments and suggestions from DHM as well. All project tasks will be
defined and planned during project inception. A systematic process will be used to handle change
requests in order to interpret their effects on the project plan and other tasks and projects. When a
change is identified, the Team Leader and responsible experts will discuss this with DHM and, based
upon a common understanding, re-plan the task before proceeding. All changes are noted and
recorded in updated project documents.
4.9.7 Quality Assurance

Quality Management at DHI
All activities of DHI are conducted in accordance with internationally accepted principles for quality
management System certified by Bureau Veritas to comply with ISO 9001 (Quality Management)
standard. In addition the ISO accreditation of DHI Group as a whole, DHI (India) has also received
ISO9001 and certification..
The corner stone of the quality system at DHI is the quality manual presenting the DHI objectives,
policies, history and organisation. At the second level, the system includes a series of manuals
describing the overall work procedures. At the third level work documents and instructions, such as
tables, forms, and descriptions of methods, are given.
Quality Assurance Plan

The Consultant will prepare a Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) describing the procedures to be applied
by all Team Members in order to ensure the quality of the services to be rendered, and to define the
responsibility and authority of all key personnel within the organisation. The responsibility for the
implementation of the QAP is with the Team Leader. Quality assurance is the responsibility of all
team members, who will be familiar with the plan and comply with the procedures. Quality control
and adherence to the quality procedures will be reviewed periodically by the Home Office Backup
and Quality Control Officer and findings and recommendations will be reported to the Team Leader.
Effective Communication
4-45
Effective communication with DHM and stakeholders in the project is also a key aspect for quality
assurance. The nature of the project demands a high level of intellectual activity from all team
members and participants. Quality assurance will be applied to project management and to project
outputs, both tangible for example reports and intangible for example human resource development.
Project activities will be conducted in a transparent atmosphere which encourages innovation and
informal exchanges of ideas and information at all levels, to allow individual team members and
participants to contribute to their full ability. As such, activities are not subject directly to quality
assurance, which could stifle innovation and interaction, but indirectly through the project outputs.
Quality Assurance by Project Management

The day to day management of the project is the responsibility of the Team Leader. Among the
duties of project management related to quality assurance are:
1. Ensure all team members are familiar with the general procedures, and quality assurance
procedures
2. Ensure external participants are aware of the quality assurance procedures
3. Assist all team members in the implementation of the quality assurance procedures
4. Administration of the quality assurance procedures
5. Cooperation with the Quality Control Officer in inspecting the quality assurance procedures
6. Implementation of the recommendations of the Quality Control Officer.
In order to ensure proper planning, coordination and compliance with established procedures, all
formal communication with DHM will be passed through the Team Leader. This should not limit the
informal exchange of information and ideas among all project participants, which should take place
in an open spirit working towards a common goal. For all formal meetings arranged by the project,
an agenda will be prepared along with a brief note describing the background to the agenda items,
and the issues expected to be discussed and resolved. This will be distributed in advance to all
participants in the meeting. The participants should arrive at the meeting informed and prepared to
make a positive contribution to the discussion and the resolutions.
Home Office Backup and Quality Control

Project direction and monitoring will be carried out from DHI’s headquarters in Denmark. The Home
Office Backup and Quality Control Officer will coordinate screening of reports and submissions,
review goals, milestones and other implementation indicators.
4-46
5 FORM TECH-5: WORK SCHEDULE AND PLANNING FOR DELEVERABLES
Duration in Months Months
No Deliverables
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 to 48
Inception INCEPTION REPORT
Details of task execution modality together with a work schedule
including capacity needs assessment. It will Include clear
approach, methodology,deliverables & Time line; Review the
existing information, identify gaps, specifications for survey, if
required. Also will include (i) additional tasks, (ii) work and
staffing plans, (iii) reporting modalities including all risks and
issues affecting project deadlines and effective execution of project
activities
Inception Report
Inception Workshop
Assessment of the disaster management institutional
framework in Nepal and establishment of operational
D-1
mechanisms with clear roles and responsibilities including the
development of effective communication strategies
1.1 Review the existing legal and regulatory frameworks for
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Multi-Hazard Early Warning
Systems (MHEWS) in Nepal and in other countries
1.2 Identify gaps in the National Strategy for Disaster Risk
Management in Nepal (2009) and recommend improvements for
establishing strong operational links between DRR agencies in
each basin
1.3 Prepare organizational maps for each basin showing key
agencies involved in different aspects of end to end FEWS
1.4 Assess technical and human resource capacities of key agencies
for FEWS, and identify gaps
1.5 Technical and human resource capacity at professional level for
FEWS
1.6 Identify linkages among Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
agencies and DHM, with a disaster coordinating mechanism, and
assess both vertical and horizontal links
1.7 Assess current status of FEWS in the two basins, including risk
knowledge, monitoring and warning service, dissemination and
communication, and response
1.8 Overall recommendations for strengthening end to end FEWS
in the two basins, including human resource capacity and technical
aspects of the system
5-1
No Deliverables
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 to 48
Comprehensive risk assessment of the threats caused by flood
D-2
hazard in the two basins
2.1 Analysis of historical flood events in each basin
2.2 A catalog of important flood stages and their impact with

respect to social and economic consequences in each basin 5
2.3 Digital library for each basin showing topography and terrain,
flood levels, and vulnerability of existing assets
2.4 In each basin select at least 4 villages which are highly
vulnerable to flood hazards and conduct Flood Alert Rehearsals in
these 4 villages
Interim (Progress) Report Report
Review of the SI report on observation network and
D-3
assessment of network adequacy
3.1 Review of the SI Observation Team assessment report on
present observation network and processes of the hydrological and
meteorological stations
3.2 In each basin assess the adequacy of the present hydro-
meteorological network and data acquisition system required for
flood forecasting, and recommend improvements
3.3 Assess the adequacy of current meteorological and hydrological
information in each basin available from DHM
3.4 Install hydrological and hydraulic models for flood forecasting
5-2
No Deliverables
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 to 48
D-4 Integrated flood forecast modeling system
4.1 Detailed design of flood modeling & early warning and
Inundation Modeling system including inputs and outputs, Internal
and external interfaces, data flow schedules for dynamic updating
of model, and Input-output data formats
4.2 Installation of hydrological and hydraulic models for flood
forecasting
4.3 Calibrate and validate hydrological and hydraulic models with
historical data from the two basins
4.4 Link the forecast models to a real time data acquisition system
including radar, weather forecast, and other web-based data
4.5 Establish relationship between rainfall and runoff,
incorporating the snowmelt equivalent water, for the two basins
4.6 In each basin automatically generate flood inundation maps
from the flood forecasting models
4.7 Integrate the hydrological models with a knowledge-based
system of databases
Second Progress Report
Mid-Term Report
Mid-Term Workshop
Communication and dissemination of flood forecast and early
D-5
warning system
5.1 Web-based flood forecasting and early warning dissemination
system
5.2 Mobile apps to provide SMS alerts
5.3 Operational strategy for disseminating flood early warning at
community level
5-3
No Deliverables
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 to 48
Design and development of an Operational Decision Support
D-6
System (ODSS)
6.1 S/w Specification for two workstations for FFEWS
6.2Equipment specifications for these two workstations
6.3 Equip the two workstations with an early warning user
interface
6.4 Specify qualifications, define roles, and prepare training plan
for those DHM staff proposed for manning the two workstations
6.5 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for communication and
dissemination of flood warnings, alerts, and advisories
6.6 Identify evacuation sites and routes
6.7 One FEWS multi-stakeholder drill in each basin
6.8 One Pre-disaster workshop in each basin
6.9 Introduce FEWS products and services to stakeholders and
community
Operation & Commissioning Report
D-7 Capacity development
7.1 System Operation Manual
7.2 Training plan, manuals, and training courses for DHM staff
7.3 Stakeholder workshops, to create awareness of EWS products
7.4 System sustainability plan
7.5 System performance assessment and system improvement plan
7.6 Operational support on the developed ODSS/FFEWS models for
one flood season
7.7 Remote technical and troubleshooting support on the
developed ODSS/FFEWS models for 2 years after final report
Third Progress Report
Reports Draft Final Report
Draft Final Report
Final Workshop
Reports Final Report
Final Report
5-4
6 FORM TECH-6:TEAM COMPOSITION, ASSIGNMENT & KEY EXPERTS’ INPUTS
Field Expert’s input (in person/month) per each Deliverable (listed in TECH-5)
No. Name Position Total staff-months input
Home
Key Experts D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 Home Field Total
Home 0.00
K-1 Hans Christian Ammentorp Team Leader/ FFWS Expert 9.00
Field 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 3.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 9.00
Home 0.00
K-2 Dr. Jayaraman Potty Numerical Data Analyst 2.00
Field 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.00 0.25 2.00
Home 0.00
K-3 Gregers Jorgensen Flood Forecasting Expert 6.00
Field 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.50 4.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 6.00
Home 0.00
K-4 Dr. Anders Klinting ICT system Expert 2.00
Field - 0.50 1.00 0.50 2.00
Home 0.00
K-5 Amit Garg Hydromet Database Management Expert 2.00
Field 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.00 0.25 2.00
Sub total - 21.00 21.00
Key National Experts
Flood Forecasting Expert/Deputy Team Home
KN-1 Dr. Khada Nanda Dulal 22.00
Leader Field 1.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 22.00
Home -
KN-2 Suresh Marahatta Meteorologist 4.00
Field 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.25 2.00 0.25 4.00
Home -
KN-3 Binod Prasad Dhakal GIS Expert 3.00
Field 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.00 1.00 0.25 3.00
Home -
KN-4 Ujwal Chandra Gautam Survey Expert 4.00
Field 1.00 2.00 1.00 4.00
Home -
KN-5 Dr. Manjeshwori Singh Community mobilization and GESI expert 16.00
Field 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 16.00
Home -
KN-6 Raj Mukut Bhusal Training & HRD expert 6.00
Field 0.50 5.50 6.00
Sub total 55.00 55.00
6-1
Field Expert’s input (in person/month) per each Deliverable (listed in TECH-5)
No. Name Position Total staff-months input
Home
Non-Key Experts
N-1 Home -
Md. Mahbubur Rahman ICT Exppert 4.00
Field 1.00 1.00 2.00 4.00
N-2 Home -
Julien Jea-Marie Oliver Hydromet Database Management Expert
Field 0.25 2.00 2.00 0.25 1.00 0.50 6.00 6.00
N-3 Home -
Mahbub Alam Surveyor
Field 1.00 3.00 2.00 6.00
6.00
Supporting Staff
S-1 Modelling expert Home -
Michael Daniel Meadows 3.00
Field 3.00 3.00
S-2 Project management expert Home -
To be named 12.00
Field 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 12.00
S-3 Accounts and administrative staff Home
To be named 24.00
Field 1.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 5.00 3.00 4.00
6-2
7 FORM TECH-6 (CONTINUED): CURRICULUM VITAE (CV)
8 Letter of association
6-2

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Government of Nepal

Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM)

ESTABLISHMENT OF “END-TO-END” FLOOD EARLY WARNING

DHI (India) Water & Environment Pvt. Ltd.

Institute of Water Modelling, Bangladesh

Consolidated Management Services Nepal (P.) Ltd.

Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI), Nepal.

Prepared for DHM Nepal

Proposal manager Dhananjay Pandit

Proposal number 63800912

technical proposal -nepal-kosi-west rapti-final.docx / DJP / 2013-04-12 - © DHI

1 FORM TECH-1: TECHNICAL PROPOSAL SUBMISSION FORM ............................. 1-1

2 FORM TECH-2 CONSULTANT’S ORGANISATION AND EXPERIENCE ................. 2-1

3 FORM TECH-3: COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS ON THE TERMS OF

4 FORM TECH-4: DESCRIPTION OF APPROACH, METHODOLOGY AND WORK

6 FORM TECH-6:TEAM COMPOSITION, ASSIGNMENT & KEY EXPERTS’ INPUTS 6-1

7 FORM TECH-6 (CONTINUED): CURRICULUM VITAE (CV) ...................................... 6-1

8 Letter of association .................................................................................................... 6-2

To: DHI (India) Water & Environment Pvt Ltd

We are submitting our Proposal with the following firms as Sub-consultants:

We hereby declare that:

(c) We have no conflict of interest in accordance with ITC3.

Authorized Signature {In full and initials} :

Name & Title of Signatory : Dr Flemming Jakobsen, Managing Director

2.1.1 DHI’s experience on Consultancy in Flood Forecasting Modelling

2.2 Institute of Water Modelling (IWM) Bangladesh

2.2.1 Area of Expertise and Relevant

Auditors and Lawyers

Support Staff Resource Consultants

Environmental Studies &

Organogram of Consolidated Management Services (CMC)

2.4 Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI)

Executive Director Program Coordinators

Administrative & Finance Research Scientists &

Office Assistants (5) Research Assistants &

Organogram of Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI)

2.5.1 Relevant Experience of DHI

 Experience in flood forecast and inundation modelling in India

Project name Country Year

Design & Development of Operational DSS

Capacity Development (Training and

Inundation modelling & Mapping

2. Flood Forecast and Inundation Modeling System in India 2012- √ √ √ √ √ √

4. Operation and Maintenance of RTDSS Centre at Chandigarh India 2014- √ √ √ √ √ √

5. Development of DSS for Integrated Water Resources India 2008- √ √

Design & Development of Operational DSS

Capacity Development (Training and

Inundation modelling & Mapping

8. Strengthening existing Ganges-Brahmaputra (G-B) Nepal, India, 2015- √ √ √ √ √ √

11. Consolidation and Strengthening of Flood Forecasting Bangladesh 2000-2005 √ √ √ √ √ √

Design & Development of Operational DSS

Capacity Development (Training and

Inundation modelling & Mapping

13. Chao Phraya River Basin Telemetry Project Thailand 2009- √ √ √ √ √ √

14. Wang Flood Forecasting and Warning Project Thailand 2009- √ √ √ √ √ √

15. Nakhon Sri Thammarat Flood Forecasting Project Thailand 2009- √ √ √ √ √ √

17. Marun River Basin Management Project Phase I Iran 2005- √ √

Design & Development of Operational DSS

Capacity Development (Training and