Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ABSB - Volume 27 - Issue Issue 1-A - Pages 23-40
ABSB - Volume 27 - Issue Issue 1-A - Pages 23-40
ABSB - Volume 27 - Issue Issue 1-A - Pages 23-40
I
N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide
HETCA
2- Preparation of N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) flask fitted with Dean and Stark apparatus, The
furan-2-carboxamide (HEFCA) III (2) reaction was allowed to reflux until the theoreti-
A mixture of furan-2-carboxylic acid (0.1 cal amount of water (0.1 mole =1.8 gm or 1.8 ml)
mole = 11.208 gm), freshly distilled diethanol- was collected. The mixture was allowed to cool
amine (0.1 mole=10.5 gm), and 21 ml xylene as where a brown viscous material was obtained.
a solvent were placed in 250 ml round-bottomed Equation :
OH CH2CH2OH
Xylene CH2CH2OH
C
+ H N
C N
CH2CH2OH -H2O
O O CH2CH2OH
O
O
III
N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)f uran-2-carboxamide
HEFCA
FORMULATION OF NEW MODIFIED ALKYD RESINS AND THEIR APPLICATION 25
3- Preparation Of Alkyd Resins via solvent The following tables (2 –3) illustrate the resin
process(8): characteristic constants for various modified al-
The preparation of various modified alkyd kyd resin formulations.
resins carried out as shown in the following These formulations cover a wide range of
equations: various excess hydroxyl contents (0%, 10%,
By partial replacement of Glycerol (G) with 20%, and 30% excess-OH).It is important to
each of following compounds: mention that in each series of resins there are:
(1). CH2OH C
runs CH2OH C
O
Resin G HETCA or HEFCA Glycerin Soyabean Phthalic Acid
oil Fatty
acid
BX 1.00 0.00
Xylene
O C
HO C C C O C COOH
Alkyd Resin
OH respectively
B: Unmodified Alkyd Resin (Blank) 3.2.Preparation Of HETCA-Modified Al-
T: HETCA-modified Alkyd Resin kyd Resins Based On Soyabean Oil Fatty Acid
F: HEFCA-modified Alkyd Resin
O
CH2OH C
CH2CH2OH
CHOH + C N + R COOH + O
S CH2CH2OH
O
CH2OH C
O
I Soyabean Phthalic Acid
Glycerin HETCA oil Fatty
acid
Xylene
-H2O
S
R
O C
O O C O
H O H
R) H2 H2 H2
HO C C( C O C C O C C N C C OH
H2
H H H
n
4-Preparation of morpholino(thiophen-2-
CH2OH C
CH2CH2OH
+ C N + R COOH + O
yl)methanone II
CHOH
O CH2CH2OH
O
CH2OH C
III Soyabean
O
Phthalic Acid
A mixture of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
Glycerin
(0.1 mole = 12.815 gm), freshly distilled dietha-
HEFCA oil Fatty
acid
-H2O
R
O as a solvent were placed in 250 ml round-bot-
O C
O O C O
tomed flask fitted with Dean and Stark appara-
H O H
HO C
( R)
C C O C C O
H2
C
H2
C N CH2 CH2 OH
tus, The reaction was allowed to reflux until the
H H H theoretical amount of water (0.2 mole =3.6gm or
n 3.6 ml)was collected. The mixture was allowed
HEFCA-modified alkyd resin to cool where a brown viscous material was ob-
tained.
Equation :
I II
Morpholino(thiophen-2-yl)methanone
FORMULATION OF NEW MODIFIED ALKYD RESINS AND THEIR APPLICATION 27
Table (3): Resin constants for HEFCA -modified alkyd resins
Excess
H2O off
Resin No. –OH Ingredients E F e0 eA eB R
(ml)
(%)
G 30.7 3
0.520 0.520
HEFCA 99.5 2
T01-04 0 1.00 6.7
FA 280 1 0.222
0.519
PA 74.1 2 0.297
G 30.7 3
0.600 0.600
HEFCA 99.5 2
T11-14 10 1.10 6.7
FA 280 1 0.200
0.546
PA 74.1 2 0.346
G 30.7 3
0.716 0.716
HEFCA 99.5 2
T21-24 20 1.20 6.8
FA 280 1 0.164
0.596
PA 74.1 2 0.432
G 30.7 3
0.879 0.879
HEFCA 99.5 2
T31-34 30 1.30 7.1
FA 280 1 0.111
0.679
PA 74.1 2 0.568
G:glycerol; HEFCA:N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)furan-2-carboxamide; PA: Phthalic Anhydride; FA: Soya
bean fatty acid E: Equivalent Weight; eA: Number of acid equivalent ; eB: Number of hydroxyl equiv-
alent; e0: Total equivalent present at the start of the reaction; F: Functionality ; R:Ratio of total-OH
groups to total-COOH groups (= eB/eA) ; H2O off (ml): Number of water millimeters at which the
reaction will be Completed (= eacid×18 + eanhydride×9)
5-Preparation of furan-2-yl(morpholino) reaction was allowed to reflux until the theoreti-
methanone IV cal amount of water (0.2 mole =3.6 gm or 3.6 ml)
A mixture of furan-2-carboxylic acid (0.1 was collected. The mixture was allowed to cool
mole = 11.208 gm), freshly distilled diethanol- where a brown viscous material was obtained.
amine (0.1 mole=10.5 gm), and 21 ml xylene as Equation :
a solvent were placed in 250 ml round-bottomed Furan-2-yl(morpholino)methanone
flask fitted with Dean and Stark apparatus, The
Spectral analysis of prepared compounds:
OH CH2CH2 OH
Xylene CH2CH2OH Xylene
C + H N C N O
C N
CH2 CH2OH -H 2O -H2O
O O CH2CH2OH O
O O
O
Table ( 12 ): Viscosity, Color, Drying time Characteristics of various HETCA-Modified Alkyd Resins
Stoving dry
Viscosity Air
110 C 120 C
HETCA (mPa.s) Drying
Resin Excess- Extra Color
Replacement at solid (HD
Code OH (%) Stoving (Gardner)
(%) content = Time) 1 hr 2 hrs 1 hr 2 hrs
70% (hr) Drying time
(hrs)
B0 0 50 13 VST HD - - - 8
T01 5 80 10 VST HD - - - >18
T02 0% 10 85 > 24 ST VST HD - - >18
T03 20 100 > 24 T T VST VST 3 >18
T04 30 100 > 24 T T T T >12 >18
B1 0 140 11 VST HD - - - 8
T11 5 100 8 VST HD - - - >18
T12 10% 10 150 9 VST HD - - - >18
T13 20 250 > 24 T T T T 12 >18
T14 30 750 > 24 T T T T >12 >18
B2 0 450 7 VST HD - - - 9
T21 5 675 6 HD - - - - >18
T22 20% 10 1100 7 VST HD - - - >18
T23 20 4000 9 T ST VST VST 3 >18
T24 30 28500 > 24 T T ST ST >12 >18
B3 0 40000 5 HD - - - - 9
T31 5 144000 3.5 HD - - - - >18
T32 30% 10 250000 4 VST HD - - - >18
T33 20 160000 4.5 ST VST HD - - >18
T34 30 280000 11 T ST VST VST 3 >18
HD: Hard Dry VST: Very Slight Tacky ST: Slight Tacky T: Tacky
FORMULATION OF NEW MODIFIED ALKYD RESINS AND THEIR APPLICATION 31
Table ( 13 ): Viscosity, Color, Drying time Characteristics of various HEFCA-Modified Alkyd Resins
Stoving Dry
Air 110 C 120 C
Excess- HEFCA Viscosity Drying Extra
Resin Color
OH Replacement (mPa.s) at solid (HD Stoving
Code (Gardner)
(%) (%) content = 70% Time) 1 hr 2 hrs 1 hr 2 hrs Drying
(hr) time
(hrs)
B0 0 50 13 VST HD - - 8
F01 5 50 > 24 VST HD - - >18
F02 0% 10 75 > 24 VST HD - - >18
F03 20 125 > 24 T ST VST VST >12 >18
F04 30 150 > 24 T T ST ST >12 >18
B1 0 140 11 VST HD - - 8
F11 5 100 3.5 HD - - - >18
F12 10% 10 150 4.0 VST HD - - >18
F13 20 250 4.5 T ST VST HD >18
F14 30 325 > 24 T T ST ST >12 >18
B2 0 450 7 VST HD - - 9
F21 5 1250 4 HD - - - >18
F22 20% 10 1550 4.5 HD - - - >18
F23 20 1850 5 T T ST ST >12 >18
F24 30 2250 > 24 T T ST ST >12 >18
B3 0 40000 5 HD - - - 9
F31 5 4400 4 HD - - - >18
F32 10 260000 4.5 HD - - - >18
30%
F33 20 280000 5 ST VST VST VST 3 >18
25000(at solid
F34 30 5.5 ST VST VST VST 3 >18
content =50%)
HD: Hard Dry VST: Very Slight Tacky ST: Slight Tacky T: Tacky
Figure: 7 Figure: 8
The drying time increase by increasing the The best drying time is obtained at 30% OH-
modifier percentage and by decreasing OH-ex- excess resins at 5% modification (e.g. T31 and
cess of alkyd resins. The drying time of 20% and F31).
30% modification samples at low OH-excess is -The viscosity for various resins at constant
very bad (e.g. T03, T04, F03, F04, T14, F14). solid content increases slightly by the increas-
32 M. M. ELSHAHAWI, et al.
ing of the percentage of modifier, but increases The main conclusion drown from the water,
dramatically with the increase of excess-OH per- acid, alkali and solvent resistances data for the
centage as shown in Figure (7 and 8) various HETCA and HEFCA-modified alkyd is
-The color of prepared varnishes was very tabulated in tables ( 10 - 11) indicate the fol-
dark due to the presence of nitrogen atom in the lowing:
modified alkyd chain. 1. Except unmodified resins (B0, B01 and
B- Water, Acid, Alkali and Solvent Resistance B03), all examined films show excellent water,
acid and solvent resistance indicating no signifi-
Preliminary evaluation studies are carried cant effect of the presence of the modifier within
out to show the air drying and stoving drying the employed experimental conditions.
films of all formulations towards water, acid, al-
kali and solvent resistances. The evaluation tests 2. The alkali resistance of the dried films is
are conducted according to standard methods. clearly improved upon the modification.
The data are collected in tables (14 - 15).
Table (14): Water, Acid, Alkali and solvent Resistance data for HETCA-modified Alkyd Resins
Water
Resin Excess- Acid resistance Alkali Resistance Solvent Resistance
resistance
Code OH %
A S A S A S A S
B0 Ex Ex Ex Ex F P Ex Ex
T01 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T02 0% Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T03 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T04 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
B1 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex F Ex Ex
T11 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T12 10% Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T13 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T14 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
B2 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex G Ex Ex
T21 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T22 20% Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T23 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T24 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
B3 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T31 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T32 30% Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T33 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
T34 Ex Ex G Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
Ex : Excellent (Almost no change) G : Good (Very slight change) F : Fair (Partially
attacked) P : Poor (Complete film failure) S : Stoved drying film A: Air drying film
FORMULATION OF NEW MODIFIED ALKYD RESINS AND THEIR APPLICATION 33
Table (15 ): Water, Acid, Alkali and solvent Resistance data for HEFCA-modified Alkyd Resins
Resin Excess- Water resistance Acid resistance Alkali Resistance Solvent Resistance
Code OH % A S A S A S A S
B0 Ex Ex Ex Ex F P Ex Ex
F01 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F02 0% Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F03 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F04 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
B1 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex F Ex Ex
F11 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F12 10% Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F13 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F14 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
B2 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex G Ex Ex
F21 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F22 20% Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F23 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F24 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
B3 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F31 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F32 30% Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F33 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
F34 Ex Ex G Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex
Ex : Excellent (Almost no change) G : Good (Very slight change)
F : Fair (Partially attacked) P : Poor (Complete film failure)
A: Air drying film S : Stoved drying film
Extensive Evaluation Studies: ies for alkali resistance are shown in tables
Attention the directed towards more ex- (17) which are carried out on the actual coating
tensive studies to indicate how much the films films (air dried and stoving dry) for 10 days
can withstand the various attacks in terms of immersion period and the films are examined
immersion periods. The extensive evaluation for any defects.
studies for water resistance, acid resistance In general, water, acid and solvent resis-
and solvent resistance are given in table (16). tance for all resins are good after 30 days for
The tests are carried out on the actual coating both air and stoving films.
films (air dried and stoving dry) for 30 days The alkali resistance of resins generally
immersion period and the films are examined improved by increasing the modification and
for any defects. excess-OH% of the prepared alkyd resins.
Additionally, the extensive evaluation stud-
34 M. M. ELSHAHAWI, et al.
Table (16):Water, Acid, Alkali and solvent Resistance data for modified Alkyd Resins after 30 days
C- Mechanical properties of dried films: 21 and 22). These tables show some mechanical
The dry film characteristics of various mod- properties such as gloss, hardness, scratch resis-
ified resin films are carried out according to tance and adhesion of both varnishes and primers-
standard methods and well-known techniques containing modified alkyd resins. The formulation
and the results are tabulated in tables (19, 20, of primer will be as shown in the following table:
The dry film characteristics of various modified resin films are carried out according to standard methods and well-
known techniques and the results are tabulated in tables (19, 20, 21 and 22). These tables show some mechanical
properties such as
C- Mechanical gloss, hardness,
properties scratch
of dried films:resistance and adhesion of both varnishes and primers- containing
modified alkyd
The dry film resins. The formulation
characteristics of primerresin
of various modified will films
be as are
shown in the
carried outfollowing
accordingtable:
to standard methods and well-
known techniques and the results are tabulated in tables (19, 20, 21 and 22). These tables show some mechanical
Tableresistance
properties such as gloss, hardness, scratch (18): Zincand
Phosphate Primer
adhesion formula
of both varnishes and primers- containing
modified alkyd resins. The formulation of primer will be as shown in the following table:
FORMULATION OF NEW
1
MODIFIED ALKYD RESINS
serial
Resin/modified resin
AND THEIR APPLICATION
Component
30
% 35
2 Table (18): Zinc Phosphate Primer formula
Bentone38 1
3 Ethanol 0.3
4
serial Wetting
Component& dispersing Agent 0.3
%
5
1 TiO
Resin/modified
2 resin 10
30
6
2 Zinc phosphate
Bentone38 51
7
3 CaCO
Ethanol3 24
0.3
8
4 Talc
Wetting & dispersing Agent 50.3
9
5 Xylene
TiO2 22.21
10
10
6 Calcium Octoate (10%)
Zinc phosphate 15
11
7 Cobalt
CaCO3 octoate (10%) 0.43
24
12
8 Zirconium
Talc Octoate (12%) 0.63
5
13
9 Ex skin 2
Xylene 0.13
22.21
Total
10 Calcium Octoate (10%) 1100
11 Cobalt octoate (10%) 0.43
12 Zirconium Octoate (12%) 0.63
13 Ex skin 2 0.13
Total 100
6B<5B<4B<3B<2B<B<HB<F<H<2H<3H<4H<5H<6H<7H<8H<9H
Softer Harder
Table (20) Impact and Pencil hardness of HETCA-modified alkyd resin
36 M. M. ELSHAHAWI, et al.
6B<5B<4B<3B<2B<B<HB<F<H<2H<3H<4H<5H<6H<7H<8H<9H
Softer Harder
Table (20) Impact and Pencil hardness of HETCA-modified alkyd resin
B0 42 27 75 76 100 4 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 5B
F01 35 25 66 79 80 14 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 5B
F02 0% 40 30 40 79 92 9 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 5B
F03 35 25 39 75 91 14 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 4B
F04 30 20 50 79 80 6 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 4B
B1 25 25 77 77 96 10 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 4B
F11 45 35 40 77 73 13 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 5B
F12 10% 50 40 34 77 75 6 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 4B
F13 40 35 66 79 84 7 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 5B
F14 40 45 60 76 91 9 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 4B
B2 35 30 61 83 98 4 Ex Ex Ex 5B 5B 5B
F21 65 50 44 82 72 12 Ex Ex Ex 0B 5B 5B
F22 20% 45 62 60 77 87 7 Ex Ex Ex 0B 5B 5B
F23 30 50 90 80 71 10 Ex Ex Ex 2B 5B 5B
F24 70 26 70 82 79 11 Ex Ex Ex 0B 5B 5B
B3 35 20 56 96 99 11 Ex Ex Ex 0B 5B 5B
F31 30 20 75 91 66 6 Ex Ex Ex 0B 5B 5B
F32 30% 43 30 70 86 66 7 Ex Ex Ex 0B 5B 5B
F33 25 27 100 84 36 6 Ex Ex Ex 0B 5B 4B
F34 15 13 56 77 77 3 Ex Ex Ex 2B 5B 5B
Ex: Excellent 0B : Removed area is greater than 65% , 1B : 35 – 65% removed area, 2B : 15 – 35% removed area, 3B : 5 - 15% removed area,
4B : Less than 5%, 5B: 0% removed area
Table (21): Primer and Varnish Characteristic of Various HEFCA-modified Alkyd Resins
17
Table (23)
Evaluation the corrosion resistance of modified alkyd resins
Blistering Blistering
Resin Code Resin Code
Size Frequency Size Frequency
B0 10 F B0 10 F
T01 10 F F01 10 F
F24
B3 90 100 100 7H 9H 7H
F31 35 100 100 6H 6H 6H
F32 30% 40 100 100 6H 4H 6H
F33 70 100 100 6H 3H 7H
F34 80 100 100 H 3H 5H
FORMULATION OF NEW MODIFIED ALKYD RESINS AND THEIR APPLICATION
6B<5B<4B<3B<2B<B<HB<F<H<2H<3H<4H<5H<6H<7H<8H<9H 37
Softer Harder
Table ( 22 ) Impact and Pencil hardness of HEFCA-modified alkyd resins
The evaluation the corrosion resistance of prepared modified alkyd resins and corrosion inhibitors are carried out by
dipping in 5% NaCL solution for 240 hours. The results are shown in the following tables:
Table (23)
Evaluation the corrosion resistance of modified alkyd resins
Blistering Blistering
Resin Code Resin Code
Size Frequency Size Frequency
B0 10 F B0 10 F
T01 10 F F01 10 F
T02 10 F F02 10 F
T03 10 F F03 10 F
T04 10 F F04 10 F
B1 10 F B1 10 F
T11 10 F F11 10 F
T12 10 F F12 10 F
T13 10 F F13 10 F
T14 10 F F14 10 F
B2 10 F B2 10 F
T21 10 F F21 10 F
T22 10 F F22 10 F
T23 10 F F23 10 F
T24 10 F F24 9 F
B3 10 F B3 10 F
T31 10 F F31 10 F
T32 10 F F32 10 F
T33 10 F F33 10 F
T34 10 F F34 10 F
Fig. (9): ZnPO4 primer with HETCA-modified alkyd resins Fig. (10): ZnPO4 primer with HEFCA-modified alkyd
resins
Fig. (9): ZnPO4 primer with HETCA-modified alkyd resins Fig. (10): ZnPO4 primer with HEFCA-modified alkyd
resins
Fig. (11): ZnPO4 primer with standard commercial alkyd resins with
prepared corrosion inhibitors II & IV.
Fig. (11): ZnPO4 primer with standard commercial alkyd resins with Fig. (12): ZnPO4 primer with T32 and F32 alkyd resins and
prepared corrosion inhibitors II & IV. prepared corrosion inhibitors II and IV.
Fig. (12): ZnPO4 primer with T32 and F32 alkyd resins and
prepared corrosion inhibitors II and IV.
0B : Removed area is greater than 65% , At 0% excess-OH alkyd resins (their Blank
1B : 35 – 65% removed area, 2B : 15 – 35% sample is B0) the maximum corrosion resistance
20
removed area, 3B : 5 - 15% removed area, achieves at 20- 30% modification (i.e. T03 and
20
The corrosion resistance increases by the F04)
increase of excess-OH percent of both modi- At 10% excess-OH alkyd resins (their Blank
fied and unmodified alkyd resins. sample is B01) the maximum corrosion resistance
There is a certain modification percent of al- achieves at 5- 20% modification (i.e. T11 and F12)
kyd resins at which such alkyd resin achieves At 20% excess-OH alkyd resins (their Blank
maximum corrosion resistance, and this op- sample is B02) the maximum corrosion resistance
timum modification decreases by increasing achieves at 5- 20% modification (i.e. T23 and F23)
excess-OH % of alkyd resin. At 10% excess-OH alkyd resins (their Blank
For example: sample is B01) the maximum corrosion resistance
FORMULATION OF NEW MODIFIED ALKYD RESINS AND THEIR APPLICATION 39
achieves at 5- 10% modification (i.e. T32 and fied alkyd resins due to the presence of Soya bean
F31) fatty acids in their structure.
In other words, for achieving the maximum 6- All dried films are excellent water, acid, sol-
corrosion resistance of alkyd resins, the need vent resistance
for modification will decrease by increasing 7- Only the higher excess-OH percent alkyd
excess-OH percent. resins are good alkali resistant.
The addition of prepared compounds II and 8- The HETCA- and HEFCA-modification in-
IV achieves corrosion resistance effect and the creases the alkali resistance of alkyd resins.
optimum dosage of the addition will be as fol-
low: 9- All films passed the adhesion and flexibility
test except the higher modified alkyd resins in ad-
1- Morpholino(thiophen-2-yl)methanone hesion tests.
II is 1% on total formula weight
10-The HETCA and HEFCA modification in-
2- Morpholino(furan-2-yl)methanone IV creases the corrosion resistance performance of al-
is 0.5% on total formula weight kyd resins at certain optimum values.
The addition of prepared corrosion inhibi- 11- The prepared Morpholino(thiophen-2-yl)
tors II and IV on some modified alkyd resins methanone II and Morpholino(furan-2-yl)metha-
such as T32 and F32, respectively, improves none IV are corrosion inhibitors additives and
their corrosion resistance and gives additional they can improve the corrosion resistance of HET-
protection (SYNERGISM) for the metal sub- CA- and HEFCA- modified alkyd resins.
strate at a certain dosage 0.5% on total formula
weight . REFERENCES
1. ISH Chemical Estimates, SRI Alkyd Surface Coatings
Conclusions (2013)
The following observations were noticed 2. I.A. Sabbah, F. Abd El-Hai and M.Y. Gabr, Preparation
during the investigation: and evaluation of some modified alkyd resins for surface
coatings, Al-Azhar Bull. Sci, pp. 129-136, March (2010)
1- All resins prepared are very clear and 3. M.A. Abd El Ghaffar, E.A.M. Youssef, M.M.H. Abo Sho-
transparent and homogenous sa, N.A. Ibrahim, Modified alkyd resin as an anticorrosive
binder for paints, Pigment & Resin Technology, Vol. 25
2- The color of modified alkyd resins is
Iss: 6, pp.5 – 9 (1996)
very dark due to the entering of nitrogen atom
4. K. Vaso, M. Dema, Preparation of the anticorrosive paints
in their chains.
with long oil alkyd resins modified with maleic anhydride
3- The reaction rate for various resins in- and phthalic anhydride, ZAŠTITA MATERIJALA 51 No.
creases by the increasing of the percentage of 2 (2010)
modifier and also increases with the increase of 5. Ayman M. Atta, Rasha A. El-Ghazawy1 and Ashraf M. El-
excess-OH percentage. Saeed, Corrosion Protective Coating Based on Alkyd Res-
ins Derived from Recycled Poly (ethylene terephthalate)
4- The viscosity for various resins at con- Waste for Carbon steel, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., Vol. 8,
stant solid content increases slightly by the pp. 5136 – 5152, (2013)
increasing of the percentage of modifier, but 6. I.A. Sabbah, F. Abd El-Hai and M.Y. Gabr, Antimicrobial
increases dramatically with the increase of ex- activity of some modified polyesteramide resins for sur-
cess-OH percentage. face coatings, Al-azhr Bull. Sci. J., Vol.22, No.2, pp. 19-
28. (2010).
5- The drying time increases by increas-
7. H. Abd El-Wahabb, Various Modified Polyesteramide Var-
ing the modifier percentage and by decreasing nishes as Antimicrobial Surface Coating Vehicles. Al-azhr
excess-OH percent of alkyd resins. There are Bull. Sci.J. vol.19, No.1, Jun., pp. 322-332, (2008).
some difficulties in the drying of lower excess- 8. T. C. Patton, Alkyd resin technology, formulating tech-
OH % alkyd resins , and also, in higher modi- niques and allied calculations, manual no. 8, Ed. Inter-
science, New York, (1962)