CHRISTIAN SAMARITAN HEALTH SERVICES AND TECHNICAL SCHOOL, INC.

15th de Septembre St. Barangay 1, Balingasag Misamis Oriental

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Name: Date: Score:

Subject: General Mathematics
Topic: Function and Operations of Functions
A. Content Standard:
 The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of functions.
 The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of functions.
B. Performance Standard:
 The learner is able to accurately construct mathematical models to represent real-life situations using
functions.
 The learner is able to accurately construct mathematical models to represent real-life situations using
functions.
C. Learning Competencies:
 represents real-life situations using functions
 define functions
 differentiate functions and relations
 Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of functions.
Activity No. 1-2

Lesson 1: Functions (Week 1)

Function is said to be the central idea in the study of mathematics. In many situations,
there is a mathematical function in which one quantity corresponds to another quantity
according to some definite rules.
A Relation was defined as a correspondence between two variables, x and y, or a set of
ordered pairs (x, y) where x is related to y
For instance, the price of a plot of land (y) is related to the number of square meters of
land bought (x); the monthly wage of an employee (y) is related to the number of hours the
employee worked (x); the water bill paid for the month (y) is related to the number of cubic
meters of water consumed (x). In other words, the quantity of variable y depends upon the
quantity or variable x.
For example, if the amount of water consumed for the month is known, the water bill can be
predicted by using the rule:
y = basic charges (x) + other charges,
where x represents the amount of water consumed and y represents the total charge or the
water bill. For instance, if the basic charge is P15.46 per cubic meter and other charges amount
to P38.39 and x is the amount of water consumed, then
y = P15.46(x) + P38.39

The rule above represents a function because

1. There exists a correspondence between two variables: the amount consumed (x) and total
charge (y).
2. There is exactly one charge for every amount consumed.

Definition: A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a
second set of values (called the range).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y).
Definition: A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one
value in the range by some rule.
A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different
y-values.

Example 1. Which of the following relations are functions?

1. f = (2,5), (3,4), (6,7) (8,9)
2. g = (1,3), (1,4), (2,5) (6,7)
3. h = (A,B), (C,D), (E,F) (G,H)

Solution. The relations f and h are functions because no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-
values. Meanwhile, g is not a function because (1, 3) and (1, 4) are ordered pairs with the same x-value but
different y-values.

Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams where the elements of the domain are
mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In this case, the relation or function is represented by the set
of all the connections represented by the arrows.

Example2. Which of the following mapping diagrams represent functions?

1. 2. 3.

Solution. The correspondence in item 1 represents a function since every element in A is

matched with exactly one element in B.
The item 2 is not a function since the element 2 in A is matched with two elements in, b and c
The item 3 is function. It does not matter whether each element of A is matched with the
same element of B.

Activity
A. Write F if the given is a function and write NF if it is not.

1. A = (A,B) (B,C) (E,D) (F,E) 6. F = (1,a) (2,b) (3,c) (4,d) (3,e)

2. B = (4,2) (2,5) (4,3) (6,7) 7. G = (7,a) (7,b) (7,c) (7,d) (7,e)
3. C = (7,a) (8,b) (9,c) (10,b) 8. H = (x, 5) (y, 6) (z, 7) (w, 8) (q, 9)
4. D = (x ,y) (z ,y) (a ,y) (d ,y) 9. I = (1.5,a) (1.7,b) (1.6,c) (1.8,d)
5. E = (1.5,a) (1.7,b) (1.5,c) (1.7,d) 10. J = (x, 5) (y, 6) (z, 7) (w, 8) (y, 9)

B. Which of the following mapping diagrams represent functions?

1. 2. 3.
C. How can we apply relation in real-life situation? Explain your answer in minimum of 3 sentences. Cite some
examples.
______________________________________________________________________________________
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D. Connect column A to the appropriate function to column B.

Column A Column B
1. Cell phone a. ball pen
2. Spoon b. father
3. Notebook c. charger
4. Mother d. fork
5. Money e. bills

Lesson 2: Operations of Functions (Week 2)

In this lesson, you can learn that you can perform operations on functions in the same way as real numbers.
Let f (x) and g( x ) be any two functions defined in their respective domains. The following are functions
constructed by combining f (x) and g( x )
The definitions for operations on functions are as follows. If f (x) and g( x ) are functions

Example 1:
Let f(x)=3x-6 and g(x)= 〖2x〗^2-5x+9. Formulate the sum, difference, product and quotient functions using the
two given functions.
Solutions:
To find the sum functions, add the functions. Remember to combine similar terms.

( f + g )( x )=f ( x )+ g ( x )
2
(3 x−6 ¿+(2 x −5 x +9) Combine like terms

3 x−6+2 x 2−5 x+ 9

2
2 x −2 x +3

To find the difference function, subtract f ( x) and g( x ) and simplify

( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g ( x )
2
(3 x−6 ¿−(2 x −5 x+ 9) Combine like terms

3 x−6−2 x 2 +5 x−9
 −2 x2 +8 x−15

To find the product function, multiply the functions. Apply the distributive property of multiplication over addition.
Then simplify by combining like terms
( f • g )( x )=f ( x ) • g( x )
(3 x−6 ¿ •(2 x 2−5 x +9)
(3 x ¿ ( 2 x 2−5 x+ 9 )−(6) ( 2 x 2−5 x +9 )

( 6 x 3−15 x 2+ 27 x−12 x 2 +30 x−54 ) Combine lke terms

6 x 3−27 x 2 +57 x−54

Lastly, to find the quotient function, divide the functions. Note that g ( x ) is not necessarily equal to 0, but it is
equal to 0 only for specific values of x .

( fg ) ( x )= gf (x)
(x)
3 x −6
2
2 x −5 x +9
Example 2:
2 x+1 3x
Let f ( x )= and g ( x )= . Formulate the sum, difference, product and quotient functions using the
x−2 x −2
two given functions.
Solutions:
To find the sum functions, add the functions. Remember to combine similar terms.

( f + g )( x )=f ( x )+ g ( x )

2 x +1 3 x 2 x +1+3 x 5 x +1
+ = =
x−2 x−2 x−2 x−2

To find the product function, multiply the functions. Apply the distributive property of multiplication over addition.
Then simplify by combining like terms

( f • g )( x )=f ( x ) • g( x )

2 x +1 3 x 3 x(2 x +1) 6 x +3 x
2
• = = 2
x−2 x−2 ( x −2)
2
x + 4 x +4

Lastly, to find the quotient function, divide the functions. Note that g ( x ) is not necessarily equal to 0, but it is
equal to 0 only for specific values of x .

( fg ) ( x )= gf (x)
(x)

2 x +1 3 x 2 x+ 1 x−2
÷ = • Reciprocal
x−2 x −2 x−2 3 x

2 x +1 x−2
• Cross multiply
x−2 3 x
 2 x +1
3x

Activity
Find the following for the given f ( x ) and g ( x )
a) ( f + g )( x )
b) ( f −g ) ( x )
c) ( f • g )( x )

d) ()
f
g
(x)

1. f ( x )=2 x +3 ; g ( x )=3 x +1

2. f ( x )=x +1 ; g ( x )=2 x 2

3x x +3
3. f ( x )= ; g ( x )=
2 x−1 2 x−1

For each pair of function, perform the indicated operations.

1. f ( x )=4 m2−3 m+1∧g ( x )=7 m2+ 5 m−2 ( f + g )( x )

2. f ( x )=2 x 3+ 6 x 2−9 x−8∧g ( x )=10 x 2 +4 x −2 ( f −g ) ( x )

3. f ( x )=x +6∧g ( x ) =7 x−4 ( f • g )( x )

4. f ( x )=t 2−16∧g ( x )=t + 4 ( fg ) ( x )

5. f ( x )=x 2 +1∧g ( x )=3 x−5 ( f • g )( x )