• Nursing care planning to

Filipino Culture, Values respect cultural diversity

• Myths and Beliefs related
and Practices in Relation to Pregnancy

to Maternal and Child Care • Birth Practices of Selected

Cultural Groups
Nursing care
planning to
respect
cultural
diversity
Assessment
• Care can be planned based not on
predetermined assumptions but
on the actual preferences of a
family.
• Poverty is a major problem for
many minority ethnic groups.
• Many characteristic responses
described as cultural limitations
are the consequences of poverty
• Assess patients as individuals, not
one as a group.
Note particularly any cultural characteristic that
differs from the usual expectations of your care
setting, so potential conflicts can be
acknowledged, and culturally competent care can
be planned.
 Area of Assessment Questions to ask or observations to make
Where were the patients and grandparents born?
Ethnicity
What ethnicity does the family state is theirs?
Communication What’s the main language used in the home?
Does the family typically touch or hug each other?
Touch
Do they mainly use intimate or conversational space?
Time Is being on the time important? Is planning for the future important?

Do family members express pain or remain stoic in the face of it?

Pain
What do family members believe best relieves pain?

Is the family nuclear? Extended? Single parent? Are the parent’s same
Family structure
sex? Are family roles clear?
Is the family male or female dominant? What is the patient’s gender
Male and Female roles
identity and what pronouns does he or she use?
Religion What is the family religion? Do members actively practice?
What does the family believe make one healthy? Cause illness? Make
Health beliefs illness better? Do members use alternative therapies or traditional
medical practice?
Does the family mainly eat ethnic foods? Are the foods they enjoy
Nutrition
easily available in their community?

Is the predominant culture in the community the same as the

Community
family’s? Can members name a neighbor they could call on in a crisis?
Nursing Diagnosis
• Anxiety r/t a cultural preference for not wanting
to bathe while ill
• Fear r/t possible ethnic discrimination
• Impaired verbal communication r/t limited English
proficiency
• Imbalanced nutrition, less than daily
requirements, r/t unmet cultural food preferences
• Powerlessness r/t expectations of care not being
respected
Outcome
Identificatio
n & Planning
• It needs to be very specific for
individual families and very
personal
• Begin care with an in-service
education for team members
who are unfamiliar with a cultural
practice and its importance to a
specific family involved.
• There may be need an
adjustment to the hospital’s
policy to accommodate cultural
 Implement
ation
• Not to force your cultural values
on others
• Appreciate that such values are
ingrained and usually very
difficult to change
• If possible, establish a network of
healthcare agency personnel or
personnel from a nearby
university/firm to serve as
interpreters
• Cultural negotiation – may call for
 • Parents list 3 ways they are
attempting to preserve cultural
Evaluation traditions in their children
• Child states she no longer feels
socially isolated because of her
family’s differences
• Family members state they have
learned to substitute easily
purchased foods for traditional but
unavailable foods to obtain
adequate nutrition
• Child with severe hearing
impairment writes that he feels
communication with ambulatory
care staff has been adequate
• Adolescent patient states he is
ready to tell family about gender
identity/ sexual orientation
Prepartum
 Wearing anything around neck

Wearing of Nail polish

Going to funerals and the cemetery

Avoid/
Steps over his husband and he will
Discourag experience the pregnancy discomfort
ed from: Eating from the same plate as a pregnant
person, he/she will become sleepy
Pregnant women to sew
A pregnant woman should avoid crying
so she doesn't end up with a crybaby
 Drinking cold water or taking a bath at
night
Watching scary movies

Negative thoughts towards a person

Avoid/
Discoura Walking outside barefoot
ged from:
Wearing tight – fitting clothing
Staying dependent position during last
few months
Sexual intercourse during last months
Encourag
ed to do Rub coconut oil Listen to music
activities onto belly a lot if she
such as: wants the baby
to be musically
inclined.
 Twin bananas

Encoura
ged to Raw eggs
eat:

Eat a lot!
 Taro
Sticky foods
Prunes
Avoid
Sweet foods
eating:
Squid
Black foods
Soft drinks
 • A pregnant woman's food cravings will
affect the physical appearance of the
baby.
• “Pag matulis ang tiyan ng nanay, lalaki
ang anak. Pag mabilog naman, babae.”
• “Ang laki ng ilong mo! Babae ’yan.”
• Did you say severe morning sickness?
Congratulations, you’re having a girl!
Other • “Nangingitim ba ang kili-kili at leeg mo?
myths: Ah lalaki ‘yan!”
• “I watched Leonardo di Caprio movies all
throughout my pregnancy, so I know my
baby will be tisoy, gwapo, and talented!”
• A pregnant woman’s pinaglilihian will
not affect her baby’s physical
appearance. A baby’s looks are
developed from the parents’ DNA.
 Traditions & Superstitions

Only women in the delivery

room

Squash leaves on belly

Intrapartu facilitates with birth

m Drinking coconut juice

facilitates fast labor

Placenta given to father to be

buried or hung

Evil spirits cause

complications during birth
Pain management during
labor

Ginger (drank boiled

ginger or rubbed on belly)
Endures pain silently - It reduces pain
- Has an anti-
inflammatory effect
Other myths:
More pregnant women experience labor pains or give birth
when the moon is full.

“Kung mahaba ang buhok mo, mahihirapan kang manganak.”

If you’re giving birth at home, lie down with your legs facing
the door. The bigger the door, the easier it will be for you to
give birth.

A baby born at nighttime will stay awake during the evening.

So when giving birth, try to hold it until the next morning.
References:
Boules, N. (2006). Cultural Birthing Practices and Experiences. Retrieved December 1, 2019, from
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/571f0e412fe1317553071298/t/57282bd4e32140b80139e
36a/1462250501227/cultural_birthing_practices_and_experiences.pdf.

HuffPost Parenting. (2017, December 7). The Art of Birth. Retrieved December 1, 2019, from
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/world-birthing-traditions_n_7033790.

Mattson, S., & Smith, J. E. (2016). Core curriculum for maternal-newborn nursing. Saint Louis,
MO: Elsevier.

Silbert-Flagg, J. A., & Pillitteri, A. (2018). Maternal & child health nursing: care of the childbearing
& childrearing family. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

Tanjuatco, T. (2018, January 27). 15 Pregnancy Superstitions. Retrieved December 1, 2019, from
https://www.smartparenting.com.ph/pregnancy/getting-pregnant/buntis-pamahiins-a1663-
20180127-lfrm.