ECE 307-3

Circuit Analysis in s-Domain

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Cal Poly Pomona

ECE 307-3 #1

Circuit Elements inTransform

The Laplace the s-Domain
The Laplace Transform of V(t) and I(t) are

V (s ) = L {v (t )} I (s ) = L {i (t )}

A Resistor in the s Domain

,

R i(t)
a b
v (t ) = Ri (t )
+ v(t) -

The Laplace Transform is

I(s)
a
R
b V ( s ) = R I (s )
+ V(s) - V (s )
I (s ) =
R
ECE 307-3 #2

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 Circuit Elements in the s-Domain
An Inductor in the s Domain
I0 i(t)
a b t
1 2
di (t ) 1
+ L - v (t ) = L i (t ) = ∫ v (t ) dt
v(t) dt L t0

The Laplace Transform is

I(s) LI0
a 1 2 b V (s ) = L sI (s ) − i (0− ) = LsI (s ) − LI0
sL
+ V(s) -

I0/s
I(s)
V (s ) + LI0 1 I
I (s ) = = V (s ) + 0
a b
+ V(s) -

1 2
sL sL s
sL ECE 307-3 #3

Circuit Elements in the s-Domain

An capacitor in the s Domain

i(t)
dv (t ) 1
t
i (t ) = C
c t∫0
a b v (t ) = i (t ) dt
dt
V0 C
+ v(t) -

The Laplace Transform is

CV0
I(s)
a
+ V(s) -
b
I(s ) = C sV (s) − v (0− ) = CsV (s ) − CV0

1/sC
I(s) V0/s I (s ) + CV0 1 V
a b V (s ) = = I (s ) + 0
sC sC s
1/sC
+ V(s) -
ECE 307-3 #4

2
 Circuit Elements in the s-Domain
Example: Calculate the voltage v(t) in the following circuit.
The initial current I0=1A
R
R

1 1Ω 1 +
1 +
L
L
The equivalent 3
3e −8t u(t ) V Vi(t)
2H
v(t)
s-domain circuit V 2s Ω V(s)
s+8
2
2 -
2V

-
3
+2
s + 9.5
I (s ) = S + 8 = V (s ) = 2sI (s ) − 2
2s + 1 (s + 8)(s + 0.5)

s + 9.5 2s − 8
V (s ) = 2s −2 V (s ) =
(s + 8)(s + 0.5) (s + 8)(s + 0.5)
3.2 1.2 The result
V (s ) = −
(s + 8) (s + 0.5)
v (t ) = 3.2e −8t − 1.2e −0.5t  u(t ) V
ECE 307-3 #5

Circuit Elements in the s-Domain

>> t=0:0.0001:2;
>> v=3.*exp(-8*t);
>> plot (t,v)
>> hold on
>> vo=3.2*exp(-8*t)-1.2*exp(-
0.5*t);
>> plot (t,vo,'r')
>> grid on
>> xlabel ('t');
>> ylabel('v_i(t), v_0(t))')

ECE 307-3 #6

3
 Circuit Elements in the s-Domain
Example: Calculate the voltage vc(t) in the following circuit
R R
1
+ +
3 ohm 3ohm
C vc(t) The equivalent C vc(t)
Vi(t) V-=-2V s-domain circuit 9 Vi(t)
9u(t ) V 0.5F V -1A 20.5F
Ω
- s s -

Write a single node (1) equation

Partial Fraction expansion
V (s ) Vc(s ) − 9 / s
−1 = c + 9 11
2/s 3 Vc (s ) = −
s (s + 2 )
Solve for Vc(s) 3
18 The result
−6
6 − 2s
Vc (s ) = s =  − t
2
3s + 2 s(s + 2 ) v (t ) = 9 − 11e  u(t ) V
3

3  
ECE 307-3 #7

Circuit Elements in the s-Domain

>> t=0:0.001:10;
>> v0=9-11*exp(-2/3*t);
>> plot (t,v0)
>> v=9*[t>0];
>> plot (t,v)
>> hold on
>> plot (t,v0, 'r')
>> xlabel ('t');
>> ylabel('v_i(t), v_0(t))')
>> grid on

ECE 307-3 #8

4
 Circuit Elements in the s-Domain
Example: Find I(t) , Find v(t) in the following circuit
R L 4H Writing current ins-domain
1 2
+ - +
4.8 ohm v(t) 160
i(t)
C vc(t)
s 160
I (s ) = =
160u(t)V 0.25F 1 4s 2 + 4.8s + 4
- 4.8 + sL +
sC
40
I (s ) =
Partial Fraction expansion s 2 + 1.2s + 1
40 − j 25 j 25
I (s ) = = +
s + 1.2s + 1 s + 0.6 − j 0.8 s + 0.6 + j 0.8
2

The result i (t ) = 50e −0.6t sin(0.8t ) u(t ) A

Voltage in inductor

160s
V (s ) = v (t ) =  200e −0.6t cos(0.8t + 36.87D ) u(t ) V
(s 2 + 1.2s + 1) ECE 307-3 #9

Circuit Elements in the s-Domain

>> v0=200*exp(-
0.6*t).*cos(0.8*t+36.87);
>> plot (t,v0)
>> v=160*[t>0];
>> plot (t,v)
>> hold on;
>> v0=200*exp(-
0.6*t).*cos(0.8*t+36.87);
>> plot (t,v0, 'r')
>> xlabel ('t');
>> ylabel('v_i(t), v_0(t))')
>> grid on
>>

ECE 307-3 #10

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 Circuit Elements in the s-Domain
Example: Calculate the voltage vc(t) in the following circuit

8.4s 10s
L L
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2

8.4H 10H
The equivalent
336u(t ) V I1(s) I2(s)
i1(t) R
i2(t) R s-domain circuit 336
V
336 u(t)V 42ohms s 42Ω 48Ω
48ohms

The two mesh-current equations

336
= (8.4s + 42)I1(s ) − 42I2 (s ) 0 = −42I1(s ) + (10s + 90)I2 (s )
s

8.4s + 42 −42   I1(s )  336 / s 

=
 −42
 10s + 90  I2 (s )  0 

ECE 307-3 #11

Circuit Elements in the s-Domain

Example: (cont)

336 / s −42  40(s + 9)

 0 I1(s ) =
10s + 90  s(s + 2)(s + 12)
I1(s ) = 
8.4s + 42 −42 
Therefore f(t) can be obtain
 −42 10s + 90 
 i1(t ) = 15 − 14e −2t − e −12t  u(t ) A

8.4s + 42 336 / s 
 −42 0  168
I 2 (s ) =  I1(s ) =
8.4s + 42 −42  s(s + 2)(s + 12)
 −42 10s + 90 
 The inverse transform of

i 2 (t ) = 7 − 8.4e −2t + 1.4e −12t  u(t ) A

ECE 307-3 #12

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Circuit Elements in the s-Domain

MatLab To find partial fraction

10s 2 + 25s
X (s ) =
(18s + 21s 2 + 54s + 28)
3

>> num = [10 25 0];

>> den= [18 21 54 28];
>> [r p y] = residue(num, den)

ECE 307-3 #13

Circuit Elements in the s-Domain

MatLab To find partial fraction

5s 4
X (s ) =
(s 2 + 9)(90s 3 + 18s 2 + 40s + 4)

>> d1 = ‘s^2+9’;
>> d2 = ’90*s^3+18*s^2+40*s+4’;
>> d = symmul(d1,d2);
>> denominator = expand(d);
>> den=sym2poly(denominator);
>> num = [5 0 0 0 0]
>> [r p y] = residue(num, den)

ECE 307-3 #14