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Worksheet Handouts 2 - Neil Marie M. Chua Gen - Phy1
Worksheet Handouts 2 - Neil Marie M. Chua Gen - Phy1
MELC:
8. Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform acceleration in one dimension
into a mathematical description (STEM_GP12Kin-Ib-12)
9. Interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs. time and acceleration
vs. time curves (STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-14)
10. Interpret velocity and acceleration, respectively, as slopes of position vs. time and velocity vs. time
curves (STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-15)
11. Construct velocity vs. time and acceleration vs. time graphs, respectively, corresponding to a given
position vs. time-graph and velocity vs. time graph and vice versa (STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-16)
12. Solve for unknown quantities in equations involving one-dimensional uniformly accelerated motion
(STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-17)
13. Solve problems involving one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration in contexts such as,
but not limited to, the “tail-gating phenomenon”, pursuit, rocket launch, and free-fall problems
(STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-19)
Semester: 1 Week No. 2 Day: 1-4
LESSON 1: ONE- DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS
This handout provides you with scientific knowledge and skills about One-Dimensional Kinematics.
Kinematics is a branch of mechanics that deals with describing an object’s motion without considering its
causes. One dimensional kinematics, therefore, is about describing the motion of objects along a straight
path (rectilinear motion) through words, diagrams, graphs or equations. The lessons in this handout is
necessary in describing motion and graphical representation of motion.
Describing Motion
Motion is all around us. Every day, we see objects that are moving like people walking or running,
ball rolling, birds flying in the sky, vehicles running on the road and many more. We also noticed that objects
move in different ways. Some in curved paths, others in straight-line path. Motion is the action of changing
location or position. The study of motion without regard to the forces or energies that may be involved is
called kinematics. It is the simplest branch of mechanics. The branch of mechanics that deals with both
motion and forces together is called dynamics and the study of forces in the absence of changes in motion
or energy is called statics.
When we discuss the motion of an object, we describe it relative to a reference point. We call this as
a frame of reference. Objects that we call stationary—such as a tree, a sign, or a building—make good
reference points. An object is in motion if it changes position relative to this frame of reference. There are
several physical quantities that can quantitatively describe the motion of objects as you have studied in your
Junior High school science. We shall review them in this lesson.
Solution:
d=10m + 10m =20 m; since distance is a scalar quantity, we don’t Source: Project EASE Physics
mind the direction. We simply add the magnitude.
d= 10m, E + (-10 m,W)=0; since displacement is a vector quantity, Figure 1. Motion of a boy along a straight path
we have to consider the direction of the motion. Travelling to the
East, E, is positive and travelling to the West, W, is negative.
1
Sample Problem 2. A man walks 175 m to the east, then
turns back and walks 40 m due west. What is the total
distance he walked? What is his total displacement?
Solution: The total distance he walked is d= 175 m + 40 m= 215 m. However, for his total or net
displacement, we have to consider the directions. Considering the Cartesian plane, going east is positive
and going west is negative, his displacement is d= 175m East+ (- 40 km West) = 135 m, East. Therefore,
the net displacement of the man is 135 m, due East.
d
In symbol: v= Since speed is distance divided by time, speed is expressed in
t
terms of the unit of distance and unit of time. The SI unit for distance is meter, and time is second. Thus,
speed is expressed in meters per second or m/s. For vehicles, the standard unit for speed is kilometers per
hour or km/h (kph). In other countries such as USA, they use miles per hour or mph as unit of speed. What
about the speed of ship? Are they also expressed in kph or mph? (No. Ship’s speed is expressed in
nautical per hour or knots.)
The average speed can be determined by dividing the total distance travelled by the total time of travel. In
total distance
equation: Ave . speed =
total time of travel
d total
In symbol: v ave =
t total
For example, a bus travelled 120 kilometers in 3 hours. What is the speed of the bus? Did the bus
travel at constant speed of 40 kph in 3 hours? Perhaps, the bus travelled at 20 km/h, 30 km/h, 60 km/h or
120 km/h or it stopped several times. In other words, its speed was not constant as it travelled for 3 hours.
So, the 40 kph refers to the average speed of the bus.
Are you familiar with the instrument called speedometer? It is one of the devices on the instrument
panel in front of the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle. Is the speed indicated in the speedometer an average
speed? (No.) The speedometer indicates the instantaneous speed of the vehicle, which refers to the speed
of the vehicle at the instant you were reading the speedometer.
The description of motion is not complete if it includes speed only. We also have to consider its
direction. With this, we use the term velocity. Velocity is a vector quantity defined as the ratio of the
displacement to the total time elapsed.
The average velocity ( ⃗v ave ¿ is the total displacement of an object divided by the elapsed time. In symbols:
d
⃗v ave=
t
where: d = total displacement t = elapsed time ⃗v ave = average velocity
100 m m
v ave= v ave =9.09 Figure 3. Lydia De Vega
11.0 s s during a track and field match
2
Therefore, the average speed of Lydia de Vega is 9.09 m/s.
Acceleration
An object accelerates when it speeds up, slows down or changes direction. In other words, the
motion is accelerated when the velocity of the object changes. Recall that velocity refers to both magnitude
(speed) and direction.
Acceleration is the rate of change of motion or the change in velocity per unit time. In equation,
∆v
a=
∆t
v f −vi
a= ,The unit of acceleration is m/s/s or m/s2.
∆t
Sample Problem 1: A race car’s forward velocity increases from 4.0 m/s to 36 m/s over a 4.0 s-time
interval. What is its average acceleration?
Sample Problem 2: A car with an initial velocity of 20 m/s, accelerates at a rate of 5 m/s 2 for 3 seconds,
what will its final velocity be?
Graphical Rep resentation
of Motion
Figure 5. A car’s motion.
3
quantity speed or distance on another quantity, for example, time.
∆ x x 2−x 1
where m= slope of the line
y1= y coordinate of Point 1 x1= x coordinate of Point 1
y2= y coordinate of Point 2 x2= x coordinate of Point 2
Consider again Figure 6, let us determine its slope using the following two points.
P (1s, 10m) and P (2s, 20m)
1 2
∆ y y 2−¿ y 20 m−10 m 10 m
To get the slope: m= = =1
= =10 m/s ¿
∆ x x 2−x 1 2 s−1 s 1s
Take a look at the unit of the slope of the line we got. What quantity does this unit represent? The
slope of the line of a Position-time graph is the speed or velocity of an object.
Let us try using other set of two points from the graph.
4
Note that for the different sets of two points on the line that we used, the slope is the same. It
means that the velocity of the car is constant. The graph above shows an object moving at
constant velocity.
5
Finding the Displacement from the Velocity vs. Time Graph
The velocity-time graph can be used to determine the displacement of an object. This is
done by getting the area of the shaded sections between the line and the time axis.
Sample Problem 1: Determine the displacement of the object in Figure 8 for the first 4 seconds.
= (4s)(30m/s)
= 120m
The object was displaced 120 m during the first 4 seconds of
motion.
Sample Problem 2: Determine the displacement of the object in Figure
3.8 during its 3 seconds of motion.
Solution: To get the displacement, we will get the area of Figure 8. Velocity vs. Time Graph of an Objects
the triangle. Motion (during its 3 seconds of motion)
Given: b=3s h= 30m/s
=(3s)(30m/s)
= 45 m
The object was displaced 45 m during its 3 seconds of motion.
Finding the Velocity from the Acceleration vs. Time
Graph
The acceleration-time graph can be used to determine
the change in velocity of an object. This is done by getting
the area of the shaded sections between the line and the
time axis.
Sample Problem 1: The graph shown on the right gives the
acceleration of the race car as it starts to speed up. Assume
the race car had a velocity of 20 m/s at time t=0 s. Find the
final velocity of the driver when she reaches the finish line.
Figure 9. Acceleration vs. Time Graph of an Object
(during its 3 seconds of motion)
Solution:
We can find the change in velocity by finding the area under the acceleration- time graph.
6
We will take the area of the triangle. Δv = Atriangle= 1 bh
2
A
.Δv = 1
triangle= ( 8 s )
2
6m
s ( )
=24 m/ s
This calculation gave us the change in velocity during the given time interval. To calculate the final
velocity, we need to use the definition of change in velocity.
∆ v=v f - vi
Substituting the values in the equation, we get
v 20 m 24 m
f− =
s s
v 20 m 24 m
f− +
s s
v 44 m
f=
s
Therefore, the final velocity of the racer is 44ms.
The simplest kind of accelerated motion is straight-line motion with constant acceleration. In this case
the velocity changes at the same rate throughout the motion. As an example, a falling body has a constant
acceleration if the effects of the air are not important. The same is true for a body sliding on an incline or
along a rough horizontal surface, or for an airplane being catapulted from the deck of an aircraft carrier.
The following equations show relations between variables in motions with constant acceleration:
⃗ v 2−v 20 CONSTANT ACCELERATION EQUATIONS
d= Displacement d⃗ , with acceleration a ,
2a v=v 0 + at missing quantity is d( Eq. 1)
initial and final velocities, voand vi at 2
v=at +v o Velocity v , with acceleration a , duration d=v 0 x t+ missing quantity is v (Eq . 2)
2
time t , and initial velocity v 0 2 2
v =v 0 +2 ad missing quantity is t (Eq.3)
1 2
x= a t + v 0 t + x 0 Position x , given acceleration a ,
2
( v 0 +v ) t
d= missing quantity is a( Eq .4)
time t , initial velocity v 0, and initial displacement x 0 2
2
−at
d=vt + missing quantity is v 0 (Eq .5)
2
Sample Problem:
A motorcyclist heading east through a small town
accelerates at a constant 4.0 m/s2 after he leaves the city
limits. At time t= 0 he is 5.0 m east of the city-limits
signpost, moving east at 15 m/s. (a) Find his position and
velocity at t= 2.0 s. (b) Where is he when his velocity is
25 m/s? (See Figure 10)
Solution: a. The x-acceleration is constant, so we can use the constant-acceleration equations ( x=0 )
2
at
x=d + v 0 x t+
2
7
15 m
x=5. om+( )(2. os)+t+(4 m/s¿¿ 2) ¿ ¿¿
s
x=43 m
v x =v 0 x +a x t
v x=
15 m
s (
+ 4.0
m2
s )
( 2.0 s )=23 m/s
b. We want to find the value of x when v x =25 m/s , but we don’t know the time when the motorcycle has this
2 2
velocity. So, we use v =v 0 +2 ad equation as the constant acceleration. Solving for x and substituting the
2 2
v x −v 0 x
known values, we find x=d +
2a x
2 2
v x −v 0 x
x=d +
2a x
2 2
25 m/ s −15 m/ s
x=5.0 m+
2( 4.0 m/s ¿¿ 2)=55 m¿
Sample Problem
A one-peso coin is dropped from the Tower and falls freely
from rest. What are its position and velocity after 1.0s,
2.0s, and 3.0s?
the coin is 4.9 m below the origin (y is negative) and has downward velocity ( v yis negative) with magnitude
9.8m/s.
We can find the positions and y-velocities at 2.0s and 3.0s in the same way. The results are
y=−20 m∧v 20m −29 m
y=¿− at t =2.0 s ,∧ y=−44 m∧v y = at t =3.0 s .¿
s s
REFERENCES
Lingatong, Leah Lyn A. General Physics 1- Grade 12, Alternative Delivery Mode. Quarter 1- Module 3: One
Dimensional Kinematics. Fourth Edition, 2021. Retrieved from
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YtyPJiulagLVa4XrhspMehde6SADmsvC/edit
Young H.D. & R. G. Freedman. University Physics with Modern Physics 13th Edition. Pearson Education,
Inc. Addison-Wesley 1301 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA, 94111. 20
CO QAH + MELC LW
LEARNING WORKSHEET No. 2
Course Outline & Quality Assured Handouts paired
in GENERAL PHYSICS 1
with MELC- Based Learning Worksheet
MELC:
8. Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform acceleration in one dimension
into a mathematical description (STEM_GP12Kin-Ib-12)
9. Interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs. time and acceleration
vs. time curves (STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-14)
10. Interpret velocity and acceleration, respectively, as slopes of position vs. time and velocity vs. time
curves (STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-15)
11. Construct velocity vs. time and acceleration vs. time graphs, respectively, corresponding to a given
position vs. time-graph and velocity vs. time graph and vice versa (STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-16)
LESSON 1: ONE- DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS
Semester: 1 Week No. 2 Day: 1-4
Part I. Direction: Measure the distance and displacement from a travel map and calculate for the
distance / time in km/min.
Material: ruler
Situation:
9
In Figure 3.1, Angelo, a fourth-year student, monitored his trip from his house to school. He
walked from his house (A) to the nearby jeepney stop (B) for 4 minutes. He travelled by jeepney for
10 minutes to the tricycle stop near his school (C). From the tricycle stop, he took a tricycle to D for
2 minutes until he reached the school (E) for another 2 minutes.
Procedure
1. Measure the line segment AB, BC, CD and DE on the map shown in Fig. 2.1 using a ruler.
Record the data in column 3 of Table 3.1 below. Convert your measured value to kilometers
using the scale given above and record it in column 4 of the same table. Record the
corresponding time of travel in column 5.
2. Compute Angelo’s distance/time in km/min from A to B, B to C, C to D, and finally D to E.
Write the corresponding values in column 6.
Data Part B- Data for the Motion of a
Table 1: Motion of Angelo Passenger Jeepney
Means
Part A-ofData
Transport Line
for a Bicycle Motion Length of Line Segment Distance
1. Plot the tabulatedTime
dataof(d vs Distance/time
t)
Used Segment (cm) (km) Travel (km/min)
1. Plot the tabulated data (d vs t) 2. Time will be in the (min)
x-axis and
walking
2. Time will be in AB
the x-axis and distance
in the y-axis
jeepney distance in theBC y-axis
3. Connect the points. Describe the 3. Connect the points. Describe the
tricycle graph. CD graph.
tricycle Table DE
2. Bicycle’s Motion Table 3. Passenger Jeepney’s Motion
Distanc Time Distanc Time
e
Part II. Directions: Use graph paper to plot the motion of the bicycle, the passenger
e jeepney and the
t (s) t (h)
car d (m) d (km)
Objectives:
0 0 0 0
a) Construct distance-time graphs from given tabulated data.
b) Describe motion in20 2 the graph as point of reference.
words, using 50 1
c) Calculate and interpret
38 the slopes
4 of the graph.
100 2
Materials: ruler, pencil and 60
calculator6 100 3
Data 79 8 100 4
100 10 150 5
120 12 100 6
138 14 50 7
0 8
10
Part C- Data for the Motion of a Car
4. Plot the tabulated data (d – t graph)
5. Time will be in the x-axis and
distance in the y-axis
6. Connect the points. Describe the
graph.
Table 4. Car’s Motion
Distanc Time
e t (s)
d (m)
0 0
15.5 4.8
46.5 8.7
75.0 11.1
105.2 13.0
150.0 15.3
200.1 17.7
Answer the following questions. One point for each correct answer.
Part II-A- Data for a Bicycles Motion
1. What does it show regarding the motion of the bicycle?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Find the slope of the graph. What does the slope of d-t graph represent?
________________________________________________________________________________
11
Part II-B- Data for the Motion of a Passenger Jeepney
3. Calculate the slope of the graph
At t=0 h to t= 2h
At t=2h to t=4h
At t=4h to t=5h
At t=5h to t=8h
4. What do the slopes show? What does a positive slope show? A negative slope? A zero slope?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Describe the motion of the jeepney based on the slopes you calculated in number 3.
________________________________________________________________________________
Part II-C Data for the Motion of a Car
6. Describe the motion of the car. Is the speed constant? How do you know?
_______________________________________________________________________________
MELC:
12. Solve for unknown quantities in equations involving one-dimensional uniformly accelerated motion
(STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-17)
13. Solve problems involving one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration in contexts such as,
but not limited to, the “tail-gating phenomenon”, pursuit, rocket launch, and free-fall problems
(STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-19)
LESSON 2: MOTION WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION AND FREE FALL
Worksheet No. 2 Title: Motion with Constant Acceleration and Free Fall Day: 4
Directions: Solve this problem and answer the given question. One point for each correct answer.
Write your answer in your paper.
1. A ball is thrown into the air vertically from the ground and falls back to the ground 2.0 s later.
The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s . 2
2. An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s 2 for 32.8 s until is finally lifts off the ground.
Determine the distance travelled before take-off.
12
3. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds for a distance of 110 m.
Determine the acceleration of the car.
4. A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the
acceleration of the car and the distance travelled.
Worksheet No. 1
Part II.
2. 10m/s; velocity
4. It shows the velocity. Appositive slope shows a positive velocity, the jeepney is moving forward. A negative slope shows a
negative velocity, the jeepney is returning its original position. A zero slope shows a zero velocity; the jeepney has returned to its
starting point or the jeepney has stop.
5.The jeepney moves at constant positive velocity, stops, moves again until it returns to start.
Part II-C. 6. The speed is not constant because its graph is a curve.
Worksheet No.2
1.
2.
Given: Find:
a = +3.2 m/s 2
t = 32.8 s vi = 0 m/s d = ??
d = vix t + 0.5 x a x t
2
d = 1720 m
13
3.
Given: Find:
d = 110 m t = 5.21 s vi = 0 m/s a = ??
2