Abdülhamid II, (conceived September 21, 1842, Constantinople [now Istanbul, Turkey] — kicked the

bucket February 10, 1918, Constantinople), Ottoman ruler from 1876 to 1909, under whose despotic
rule the change development of Tanzimat (Redesign) arrived at its peak and who embraced a strategy of
dish Islamism contrary to Western mediation in Ottoman issues.

A child of Ruler Abdülmecid I, he came to the high position at the testimony of his intellectually
disturbed sibling, Murad V, on August 31, 1876. He proclaimed the main Ottoman constitution on
December 23, 1876, principally to avoid unfamiliar mediation when the Turks' savage concealment of
the Bulgarian uprising (May 1876) and Ottoman achievements in Serbia and Montenegro had stirred the
outrage of Western abilities and Russia. After a grievous conflict with Russia (1877), Abdülhamid was
persuaded that little assistance could be anticipated from the Western powers without their
interruption into Ottoman undertakings. He excused the Parliament, which had met in Walk 1877, and
suspended the constitution in February 1878. Thus, for quite a long time, he controlled from his
withdrawal at Yıldız Castle (in Constantinople), helped by an arrangement of the mystery police, an
extended message organization, and extreme oversight.