TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH IN PEMBA

TEACHER'S NAME: Samito Moisés

STUDENT NAME: Sifa Abubacar Artur

Number:33

July 2021

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Index

1. Introductio………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
2. Definite and indefinite articles ........................................................................................................... 4
3. Definite article ..................................................................................................................................... 4
4. Indefinite article .................................................................................................................................. 4
5. Prepositions of Time - at, in, on ......................................................................................................... 7
6. Look at these examples:...................................................................................................................... 8
7. What is a possessive pronoun? ........................................................................................................... 9
8. Defining Possessive Pronouns .......................................................................................................... 10
9. Possessive Pronouns List .................................................................................................................. 11
10. Advertisement ............................................................................................................................... 12
11. Answers for Pronoun Quiz Questions ......................................................................................... 12
12. Simplify Your Sentences............................................................................................................... 13
13. List of possessive pronouns .......................................................................................................... 13
14. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 14
15. Reference list: ................................................................................................................................ 15

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1. Introduction

This research work aims to study articles and prepositions and then possessive pronouns that
prepositions are used to mark some relationships between linguistic units and are not forms that
have sufficient meaning when isolated from an utterance. For this reason, they are characterized
by forming a dependent grammatical class, that is, the grammatical, structuring and organizing
function is predominant, considering that the semantic function, which brings sense and meaning,
has a lower value, although it is also present.

Prepositions are words used to mark the grammatical relationships that nouns, adjectives, verbs
and adverbs play in speech. In other words, prepositions are linguistic units that depend on others,
that is, they do not appear alone in the discourse and serve precisely to establish the link between
two terms.

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2. Definite and indefinite articles

In English there are three articles: a, an, and the. Articles are used before nouns or noun
equivalents and are a type of adjective. The definite article (the) is used before a noun to indicate
that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. The indefinite article (a, an) is used before a
noun that is general or when its identity is not known. There are certain situations in which a noun
takes no article.

As a guide, the following definitions and table summarize the basic use of articles. Continue
reading for a more detailed explanation of the rules and for examples of how and when to apply
them.

3. Definite article

the (before a singular or plural noun)

4. Indefinite article

a (before a singular noun beginning with a consonant sound)

an (before a singular noun beginning with a vowel sound)

Count nouns - refers to items that can be counted and are either singular or plural

Non-count nouns - refers to items that are not counted and are always singular

COUNT NON-COUNT
NOUNS NOUNS

Rule #1 a, an (no article)

Specific identity not
known

Rule #2 the the

Specific identity
known

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 Rule #3 (no article) (no article)
All things or things in
general

For the purposes of understanding how articles are used, it is important to know that nouns can be
either count (can be counted) or noncount (indefinite in quantity and cannot be counted). In
addition, count nouns are either singular (one) or plural (more than one). Noncount nouns are
always in singular form.

For example, if we are speaking of water that has been spilled on the table, there can be one drop
(singular) or two or more drops (plural) of water on the table. The word drop in this example is
a count noun because we can count the number of drops. Therefore, according to the rules
applying to count nouns, the word drop would use the articles a or the.

However, if we are speaking of water in general spilled on the table, it would not be appropriate
to count one water or two waters -- there would simply be water on the table. Water is
a noncount noun. Therefore, according to the rules applying to noncount nouns, the
word water would use no article or the, but not a.

Following are the three specific rules which explain the use of definite and indefinite articles.

Use the indefinite article a or an only with a singular count noun whose specific identity is not
known to the reader. Use a before nouns that begin with a consonant sound, and use an before
nouns that begin with a vowel sound.

Use the article a or an to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.

I think an animal is in the garage

That man is a scoundrel.

We are looking for an apartment.

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Use the article a or an to indicate one in number (as opposed to more than one).

I own a cat and two dogs.

Use the article a before a consonant sound, and use an before a vowel sound.

a boy, an apple

◊ Sometimes an adjective comes between the article and noun:

an unhappy boy, a red apple

The plural form of a or an is some. Use some to indicate an unspecified, limited amount (but more
than one).

an apple, some apples

Specific identity known: Use the definite article the with any noun (whether singular or plural,
count or noncount) when the specific identity of the noun is known to the reader, as in the following
situations:

Use the article the when a particular noun has already been mentioned previously.

I ate an apple yesterday. The apple was juicy and delicious.

Use the article the when an adjective, phrase, or clause describing the noun clarifies or restricts its
identity.

The boy sitting next to me raised his hand.

Thank you for the advice you gave me.

Use the article the when the noun refers to something or someone that is unique.

the theory of relativity

the 2003 federal budget

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5. Prepositions of Time - at, in, on

We use:

 at for a PRECISE TIME

 in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
 on for DAYS and DATES

at in on
PRECISE MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG DAYS and DATES
TIME PERIODS

at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday

at 10.30am in summer on Tuesdays

at noon in the summer on 6 March

at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010

at bedtime in the 1990s on Christmas Day

at sunrise in the next century on Independence

Day

at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday

at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve

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6. Look at these examples:

 I have a meeting at 9am.

 The shop closes at midnight.
 Jane went home at lunchtime.
 In England, it often snows in December.
 Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
 There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
 Do you work on Mondays?
 Her birthday is on 20 November.
 Where will you be on New Year's Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:

Expression Example

at night The stars shine at night.

at the weekend* I don't usually work at the weekend.

at Christmas*/Easter I stay with my family at Christmas.

at the same time We finished the test at the same time.

at present He's not home at present. Try later.

*Note that in some varieties of English people say "on the weekend" and "on Christmas".

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:

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 in on

in the morning on Tuesday morning

in the mornings on Saturday mornings

in the afternoon(s) on Sunday afternoon(s)

in the evening(s) on Monday evening(s)

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

 I went to London last June. (not in last June)

 He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
 I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
 We'll call you this evening. (not in this eveni

7. What is a possessive pronoun?

If you know what a pronoun is, you can probably figure out what a possessive pronoun is. But
you may be thinking of possessive adjectives instead. So what is a possessive pronoun? Take a
look at these possessive pronouns examples to clarify what these little words are, how they function
and how they’re different from possessive adjectives.

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Advertisement

8. Defining Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns do exactly what it seems like they should do. Like all pronouns, they replace
nouns in a sentence. Possessive pronouns help us show a noun’s possession or ownership.
However, they are different from possessive adjectives.

 Possessive pronouns (also called “absolute” or “strong” possessive pronouns)

are mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, and theirs. They replace a noun or noun phrase
already used, replacing it to avoid repetition: "I said that phone was mine."

 Possessive adjectives (also called “weak” possessive pronouns)

are my, your, his, her, its, our, your, and their. They function as determiners in front of a
noun to describe who something belongs to. For example: "I said that's my phone."

Generally, you use possessive pronouns to talk about a person, place or thing that has already been
explained. They prevent repetition in a sentence.

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9. Possessive Pronouns List

Now that you understand how they work, try using some of these possessive pronouns in your
own sentences. Here's a reminder of the possessive forms:

Subject Pronoun Possessive (absolute) Possessive (adjective)

I Mine My

You Yours Your

He His His

She Hers Her

It Its Its

We Ours Our

They Theirs Their

Notice that some possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives are the same, such as
with his and its. However, in most cases, the word you choose depends on how you're using it.

Examples of Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns help us to be more concise and use fewer words when explaining the same
idea. Take a look at the examples below and see if you can understand one sentence better than
the other:

 Those are my Converse sneakers. They are not your Converse sneakers.

 Those are my Converse sneakers. They are not yours.

 I didn't have my textbook for English class, so Brian lent me his textbook.

 I didn't have my textbook for English class, so Brian lent me his.

 Your travel plans sound just as exciting as my travel plans!

 Your travel plans sound just as exciting as mine!

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Practicing with possessive pronouns is the best way to familiarize yourself with them. Check out
these examples that use italics for possessive adjectives and bold for absolute possessive
pronouns.

 Your cat is adorable, but not as cute as ours.

 My pen won't work, can I borrow yours?

 The jewelry that the police accused Mr. Jones of stealing turned out to be his all along.

 Jim burned his dinner, so he asked Tina if he could share hers.

Remember, possessive pronouns don't just substitute nouns, they show possession over a person,
a place or a thing. Unlike possessive adjectives, however, they can stand alone.

10. Advertisement

Possessive Pronoun Quiz

As both possessive forms are used to describe ownership, it can be easy to confuse them. Below
are some sentences that contain possessive pronoun mistakes. Can you fix them? (Answers are
below.)

1. His paintings were very colorful, but I liked hers paintings better.

2. Mine eyes are the color blue.

3. I like listening to Bruno Mars more than Michael Jackson, but he dance moves are far more
iconic.

If you’d like more practice with possessive pronouns and adjectives, take a pronoun quiz to test
your skills. You can also play a few pronoun games for a fun review activity!

11. Answers for Pronoun Quiz Questions

How did you do? Check your answers below.

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12. Simplify Your Sentences

Being concise is the name of the game no matter what type of material you're drafting. Try to make
a conscious effort to replace complex possessive structures with simpler possessive pronouns in
your everyday speech and writing. Use some helpful pronoun worksheets to memorize them faster.

13. List of possessive pronouns

Possessive pronouns

Possessive adjective Possessive pronoun Example

my mine I bought this flat – it’s mine.

Are you the owner of this car – is

your yours it yours?

his his The house belongs to him – it’s his.

her hers The flat belongs to Sally – it’s hers.

its – –

We bought this piece of land –

our ours it’s ours.

This room key is yours, Mr and Mrs

your (plural) yours Johnson.

Mike and Liz won the jackpot so all

their theirs the money is theirs.

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14. Conclusion

The qualified study of pronouns must encompass the meaning of the class itself and its
subdivisions, dealing with the varieties of existing pronouns. These are the possessive pronouns,
in which we have the: "my, mine, yours, ours".

Pronouns identified as indefinite, which do not deal with a particular person, being the following:
invariables or variables. Also dealing with the relative and personal pronouns.

The class of prepositions is not a sufficiently studied class of words, and the little information that
grammars have about them is assumed by dictionaries schoolchildren.

Finally, he concludes that possessive pronouns are words that, by indicating the grammatical
person (possessor), add to it the idea of possession of something (possessed thing)

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15. Reference list:

Author Surname [of Article], First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title.

In Editor First Initial. Second Initial. Surname (Ed.), Reference book title: Subtitle

(# ed. edition, Vol. volume #, pp. page range of article). Place of Publication:

Lindgren, H. C. (1994). Stereotyping. In Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 3, pp.

468-469). New York, NY: Wiley.

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