BELT DRIVE DESIGN (Tutorial) – Femi Koya

Class Examples Remember that for closed belt arrangement,

𝐷+𝑑
(a) Belt Design 𝛽 = 𝜋 + 2 sin−1 ( 2𝑐
)
24.19. Design the flat belt drive, given the following information. If you got it, 𝛽 = 3.82 rad.
A transmission shaft rotating at 500 rpm drives a milling machine
which requires 3.75 kW at 750 rpm. A 300 mm diameter cast iron
Then 𝜇𝛽 = 0.3 𝑥 3.82 = 1.146
pulley is located at the transmission shaft. A preliminary design So that, 𝑒 𝜇𝛽 = 3.15
proposes using a belt 4.75 mm thick which has density 970 You can then show that,
kg/m3. The allowable stress is 2 MPa, the two pulleys rotate in
𝛿2 −𝜚𝑉 2
opposite directions, the center distance of the shafts is 750 mm, 𝛿1 = 𝜚𝑉 2 + 𝑒 𝜇𝛽
= 675.7 kPa
and the coefficient of friction is 0.30 for both pulleys. Determine
(a) the diameter of the smaller pulley, (b) the stress in the slack Finally,
477.7
side, (c) the required area of the belt, and (d) the necessary 𝑏𝑡 = = 360.7 ∗ 10−6 m2
width. 2∗106 −675.7∗103
Ans: (a) 200 mm, (b) 676 MPa, (c) 361 mm2 (d) 75.9 mm, use 80 =360.7 mm2
mm
360.7
Solution Hence, belt’s width = 4.75
mm
Given that the pulleys rotate in opposite directions
implies crossed belt arrangement. The other data = 75.9 mm (Maths)
are summarized:
P = 3.75 kW, Belt thickness t = 4.75 mm
= 80 mm (Realistic)
c = 750 mm, 𝜌 = 970 kg/m3, 𝜇 = 0.30 for both 24.10. A workman raises a load with the aid of a winch as shown,
pulleys, 𝑆2 = 2 MPa. having an ungrooved cast iron drum.He takes 4 turns of the 25
mm about the drum and exert a pull of 330 N on one end of the
Note that for a drive, the speed is inversely
rope. The drum is 250 mm in diameter and rotates at 25 rpm. The
proportional to pulley diameter (i.e., bigger pulley rope mass is 0.3 kg/m, and the coefficient of friction is 0.10. (a)
runs slower than smaller pulley) → D belongs to What load can be raised by this combination? (b) How much
transmission shaft (500 rpm), d for milling machine power is required?
(750 rpm)
𝑑 𝑁𝑇 𝑑 500
(i) = , =
𝐷 𝑁𝑀 300 750
Yielding, d = 200 mm
(ii) We are interested in stresses, so we use, Ans: 4.06 kN, (b) 1.34 kW

𝛿2 − 𝜚𝑉 2
= 𝑒 𝜇𝛽 Solution:
𝛿1 − 𝜚𝑉 2
Winches and ropes on friction drives use the
Why?
same equation for belt drive.
Note also that,
𝑇2 − 𝑇1 In the present problem, the winch is like a flat
𝑏𝑡 = pulley and we are interested in the forces, so
𝛿2 − 𝛿1
we use,
This is the key equation we set to solve!!! 𝑇2 −𝑚′ 𝑉 2
= 𝑒 𝜇𝛽
𝑇1 −𝑚′ 𝑉 2
𝑃 = (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )𝑉 Where the workman pulls corresponds to the
Where, 𝑉 = 𝜋𝐷𝑁/60 slack side, and the load on the tight side. Note
Let’s work through together! that the rope has a significant thickness
Calculating, 𝑉 = 7,85 m/s Correct? adding to the diameter of the drum to
Hence, become 250 + 25 = 275 mm, so that, 𝑉 =
𝜋𝐷𝑁
=
60
From 𝑃 = (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )𝑉 we obtain, 0.36 m/s. Note also the wrap angle of 4 turns =
𝑇2 − 𝑇1 = 477.7 N 8𝜋 rad.
Now, to find 𝛿1 Let’s work through together
Recall that, (b) Belt Selection from Catalogue
𝛿2 − 𝜚𝑉 2 A press requiring 18.5 kW is to be used 12 hours per day
= 𝑒 𝜇𝛽
𝛿1 − 𝜚𝑉 2 on a direct-on-line start electric motor at 1800 rpm.
So, we need to find the wrap angle 𝛽 Center distance is 1000 mm, select appropriate Fenner
Belt Drive (belt and pulley). The required speed ratio is
1.5.
Solution
From Table 3, we find the Service Factor to be
1.3
We then obtain the design power as,
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 24.1 kW.
Plotting the Design Power against the Speed
of the faster shaft, we locate the belt section
type and an estimate of the pulley diameter.
The plot here falls within B and C Sections.
Giving the estimates: small pulley diameter of
165 mm and 4 grooves for B-Section, and 200
mm and 3 grooves for the C-Section. Query:
Does Fenner produce these sizes exactly, and
what would be the implication of choosing
what are available? See the lecture note for
the next steps. We then calculate the length
of the belt using the established relations. The
length is preceded by the belt section type in
specifying the belt.
If the center distance is not given, use an
approximate value,
𝑐 = 2 ∗ √(𝐷 + 𝑑) ∗ 𝑑
Again, is the calculated length available, or
readily in the market? From the rated power
per belt, would the estimated number be
sufficient for the designed load?
Readily available V-belt are shown in the
below figure for examples of B, C and D-
section belts. For instance,
B 2070 implies a belt of B-Section type with
pitch length of 2070 mm; the Code 50 means
that the length is exact while a unit change in
the code refers to 2 mm from the indicated
length.
Home Work
Refer to our workbook, solve Chapter 24,
Questions 10, 12, 14 and 16.
Deadline: One Week: 11 am, Wednesday, 31
March, 2021.