22. Compare Type 1 error and Type 2 error in sampling plan.

Answer.
BASIS FOR
TYPE I ERROR TYPE II ERROR
COMPARISON

Meaning Type I error refers to non- Type II error is the

acceptance of hypothesis acceptance of hypothesis
which ought to be accepted. which ought to be rejected.

Equivalent to False positive False negative

What is it? It is incorrect rejection of true It is incorrect acceptance of

null hypothesis. false null hypothesis.

Represents A false hit A miss

Probability of Equals the level of Equals the power of test.

committing error significance.

Indicated by Greek letter 'α' Greek letter 'β'

22. Explain fraction defective, percent defective and defect per unit.
Ans. Fraction Defective = It is define as the ratio of the number of nonconforming items in the population to the total number of items in that
population.
Percent defective = The percent defective is the number of values of a variable that fall outside of some user specified tolerance limits.
Defect per unit = A measure of quality that measures how many defects are associated with a single product or service unit.

23. Summarize statistical quality control and its advantages.

Ans. The use of the statistical method in the monitoring and maintaining of the quality of products and services.
For example: SQC serves as a medium allowing manufactures to attain maximum benefits by following contolled
testing of benefits by following controlled testing of manufactured products.
Advantages
 Prevent recalls from happening.
 Re-evaluate set production processes to increase efficiency.
 Generate complete confidence in our product.

24. Distinguish between ‘variable charts’ and ‘attribute charts’.

Ans.
S.No. Variable Control Chart Attribute Control Chart

1 Measured Data Counted Data

Data is continuous like diameter, width, Data is discrete like go-no-go, good-not

2
length, etc. good, etc.

X bar and Range Chart, I (Individual)

3 p, np, c, u Chart
chart, MR (Moving Range) Chart, etc.

Quantitative value (Example: Diameter:

4 Qualitative Value (number of defects)
10.15 mm)

5 More costly Less costly

The decision takes time as the sample

6 Quick decision with small sample size
size is bigger

The time delay between the ‘out of

The time delay between ‘out of control’
7 control’ signal to corrective action
signal to corrective action is longer
is shorter
8 Improvement can be quantified Improvement can not be quantified