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  • Bai Tap Toan Lop 4 Nang Cao Theo Chu de Luyen Tap Toan 4 Nang Cao Theo Chu de

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    3 views110 pages

    Bai Tap Toan Lop 4 Nang Cao Theo Chu de Luyen Tap Toan 4 Nang Cao Theo Chu de

    Uploaded by

    hoanghai Nguyen

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 110

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    vn/

    BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO TOÁN 4 THEO CHỦ ĐỀ

    1/Sè tù nhiªn - D·y sè tù nhiªn


    Bµi 11: T×m x , biÕt:
    a) x lµ sè trßn chôc vµ 28 < x < 48
    b) x lµ sè tù nhiªn vµ 145 < x < 150
    c) x lµ sè ch½n vµ 200 < x < 210
    d) x lµ sè tù nhiªn vµ x < 3
    e) x lµ sè tù nhiªn vµ 2 < x < 5
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    Bµi 12: Sè tù nhiªn x gåm mÊy ch÷ sè, biÕt sè ®ã:
    a) Cã ch÷ sè hµng cao nhÊt thuéc líp ngh×n?
    b) Cã ch÷ sè hµng cao nhÊt thuéc líp triÖu?
    c) BÐ h¬n 10?
    d) BÐ h¬n 1 000 000 vµ lín h¬n 1 00 000?
    e) §øng liÒn sau mét sè cã ba ch÷ sè?
    f) §øng liÒn tr-íc mét sè cã ba ch÷ sè?
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    Bµi 13: ViÕt sè tù nhiªn nhá nhÊt, biÕt sè ®ã:
    a) Gåm cã: - Mét ch÷ sè
    - Ba ch÷ sè
    - Ba ch÷ sè lÎ kh¸c nhau
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    b) Cã ®ñ n¨m ch÷ sè 5, 4, 7, 0, 1
    c) Cã ba ch÷ sè mµ tæng c¸c ch÷ sè cña nã b»ng 20.
    .....................................................................................
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    Bµi 14: T×m sè tù nhiªn x, biÕt:
    a) x lµ sè tù nhiªn bÐ nhÊt;
    b) x lµ sè liÒn sau sè 999;
    c) x lµ sè liÒn tr-íc sè 1001;
    d) x lµ sè võa lín h¬n 99 võa bÐ h¬n 1000;
    e) x lµ sè cã hai ch÷ sè vµ lín h¬n 15;
    f) x lµ sè cã ba ch÷ sè vµ bÐ h¬n 105;
    g) x lµ sè ë gi÷a sè 1 vµ sè 11;
    h) x lµ sè gi÷a sè tù nhiªn a vµ sè (a + 1)
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    Bµi 16: H·y viÕt tÊt c¶ c¸c sè cã 3 ch÷ sè mµ tæng c¸c ch÷ sè cña nã b»ng 3.
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    Bµi 17: Cho 3 ch÷ sè 1; 2; 3.


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    a) H·y viÕt tÊt c¶ c¸c sè cã 3 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau tõ 3 ch÷ sè ®· cho.


    b) TÝnh nhanh tæng c¸c sè võa viÕt ®-îc.
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    Bµi 18: Víi bèn ch÷ sè 1,2,3,4;


    a) H·y viÕt tÊt c¶ c¸c sè cã ®ñ bèn ch÷ sè Êy.
    b) TÝnh tæng cña tÊt c¶ c¸c sè ë c©u a.
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    Bµi 19: Cho 5 ch÷ sè 0, 1, 2, 3, 6.
    a) H·y lËp tÊt c¶ c¸c sè cã bèn ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau tõ 5 ch÷ sè trªn?
    b) TÝnh nhanh tæng c¸c sè võa lËp ®-îc?
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    Bµi 22: Cho d·y sè: 2, 3, 4, 5, ..., 30, 31, 32, 33, 34.
    a) D·y sè trªn cã bao nhiªu sè h¹ng?
    b) TÝnh nhanh tæng cña d·y sè trªn?
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    Bµi 25: Cho d·y sè ch½n liªn tiÕp 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ... , 2468. Hái d·y cã:
    a) Bao nhiªu sè h¹ng?
    b) Bao nhiªu ch÷ sè ?
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    2. BÀI TOÁN LIÊN QUAN DÃY SỐ THEO QUY LUẬT


    Cho các số 1;4;7;10;.....................
    a.Số 2221;2234 có thuộc dãy số đó không ?
    b.Số thứ 134 ,số thứ 205 là số nào ?
    c.Tính tổng của 50 số đầu của dãy số.
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    3/CẤU TẠO SỐ
    D¹ng 1: ViÕt sè TN tõ nh÷ng ch÷ sè cho tr-íc
    Bµi 2 : Cho 5 ch÷ sè : 0; 1; 2; 3; 4.
    a) H·y viÕt c¸c sè cã 4 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau tõ 5 ch÷ sè ®· cho ?
    b) T×m sè ch½n lín nhÊt, sè lÎ nhá nhÊt cã 4 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau ®-îc viÕt tõ 5 ch÷ sè ®· cho ?
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    Bµi 1 : Cho bèn ch÷ sè : 0; 3; 8 vµ 9.
    a) ViÕt ®-îc tÊt c¶ bao nhiªu sè cã 4 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau tõ 4 ch÷ sè ®· cho ?
    b) T×m sè lín nhÊt, sè nhá nhÊt cã 4 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau ®-îc viÕt tõ 4 ch÷ sè ®· cho?
    c) T×m sè lÎ lín nhÊt, sè ch½n nhá nhÊt cã 4 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau ®-îc viÕt tõ 4 ch÷ sè ®· cho ?
    .....................................................................................
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    D¹ng 2: C¸c bµi to¸n gi¶i b»ng ph©n tÝch sè :
    Bµi 1: T×m 1 sè TN cã 2 ch÷ sè, biÕt r»ng nÕu viÕt thªm ch÷ sè 9 vµo bªn tr¸i sè ®ã ta ®-îc mét sè lín gÊp
    13 lÇn sè ®· cho ?
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    Bµi 2: T×m mét sè cã 3 ch÷ sè, biÕt r»ng khi viÕt thªm ch÷ sè 5 vµo bªn ph¶i sè ®ã th× nã t¨ng thªm 1112
    ®¬n vÞ.
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    Bµi 3: T×m mét sè cã 2 ch÷ sè, biÕt r»ng khi viÕt thªm sè 21 vµo bªn tr¸i sè ®ã ta ®-îc mét sè lín gÊp 31
    lÇn sè ph¶i t×m.
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    Bµi 4: T×m mét sè cã 2 ch÷ sè, biÕt r»ng khi viÕt thªm ch÷ sè 5 vµo bªn ph¶i sè ®ã ta ®-îc sè míi lín h¬n
    sè ph¶i t×m lµ 230 ®¬n vÞ.
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    D¹ng 3: Nh÷ng bµi to¸n vÒ xÐt c¸c ch÷ sè tËn cïng cña sè
    Bµi 1: Kh«ng lµm tÝnh, h·y cho biÕt ch÷ sè tËn cïng cña mçi kÕt qu¶ sau :
    a) ( 1991 + 1992 + ...+ 1999 ) – ( 11 + 12 + .....+ 19 ).
    b) ( 1981 + 1982 + ...+ 1989 )  ( 1991 + 1992 +....+ 1999 )
    c) 21  23  25  27 – 11  13  15  17
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    Bµi 2 : Kh«ng lµm tÝnh, h·y xÐt xem kÕt qu¶ sau ®©y ®óng hay sai ? Gi¶i thÝch t¹i sao ?
    a) 136  136 – 42 = 1960
    b) ab  ab - 8557 = 0
    .....................................................................................
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    Bµi 3 : Kh«ng lµm tÝnh, h·y cho biÕt ch÷ sè tËn cïng cña mçi kÕt qu¶ sau :
    a) ( 1999 + 2378 + 4545 + 7956 ) – ( 315 + 598 + 736 + 89 )
    b) 56  66  76  86 – 51  61  71  81
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    Bµi 4 : Kh«ng lµm tÝnh, h·y xÐt xem kÕt qu¶ sau ®©y ®óng hay sai ? Gi¶i thÝch t¹i sao ?

    a) abc  abc - 853467 = 0


    b) 11  21  31  41 – 19  25  37 = 110
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    4. C¸c bµi to¸n vÒ d·y sè


    I. §iÒn thªm sè h¹ng vµo sau, gi÷a hoÆc tr-íc mét d·y sè
    Bµi 1. ViÕt tiÕp ba sè h¹ng vµo d·y sè sau :
    a) 1; 3; 4; 7; 11; 18;...
    b) 0; 2; 4; 6; 12; 22;...
    c) 0 ; 3; 7; 12;...
    d) 1; 2; 6; 24;...
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    Bµi 2 : T×m sè h¹ng ®Çu tiªn cña c¸c d·y sè sau :


    a).....; 17; 19; 21.
    b)......: 64; 81; 100.
    BiÕt r»ng mçi d·y cã 10 sè h¹ng.
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    Bµi 3 : ViÕt tiÕp hai sè h¹ng cña d·y sè sau :


    a) 100; 93; 85; 76;.....
    b) 10; 13; 18; 26;...
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    II. X¸c ®Þnh sè a cã thuéc d·y ®· cho hay kh«ng


    Bµi 1: H·y cho biÕt:
    a) C¸c sè 50 vµ 133 cã thuéc d·y 90; 95; 100;...hay kh«ng ?
    b) Sè 1996 thuéc d·y 2;5;8;11;... hay kh«ng ?
    c) Sè nµo trong c¸c sè 666; 1000; 9999 thuéc d·y 3; 6; 12; 24;... hay kh«ng ?
    Gi¶i thÝch t¹i sao ?
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    III. T×m sè sè h¹ng cña d·y


    Bµi1. Cho d·y sè 11; 14; 17;.....;65; 68.
    a) H·y x¸c ®Þnh d·y sè trªn cã bao nhiªu sè h¹ng?
    b) NÕu ta tiÕp tôc kÐo dµi c¸c sè h¹ng cña d·y sè ®ã th× sè h¹ng thø 1996 lµ sè mÊy?
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    Bµi 2 . Trong c¸c sè cã ba ch÷ sè, cã bao nhiªu sè chia hÕt cho 4?
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    Bµi 3: Cã bao nhiªu sè : cã 3 ch÷ sè khi chia cho 5 d- 1? D- 2 ?
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    IV. T×m tæng c¸c sè h¹ng cña d·y sè


    Bµi 1 . TÝnh tæng cña 50 sè lÎ ®Çu tiªn .
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    Bµi 2: T×m tæng cña :
    a) C¸c sè cã 2 ch÷ sè chia hÕt cho 3.
    b) C¸c sè cã 2 ch÷ sè chia cho 4 d- 1.
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    5. Bèn phÐp tÝnh víi sè tù nhiªn


    5.1. PhÐp céng
    Bµi 1: T×m hai sè cã tæng b»ng 1149, biÕt r»ng nÕu gi÷ nguyªn sè lín vµ gÊp sè bÐ lªn 3 lÇn th× ta ®-îc
    tæng míi b»ng 2061.
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    Bµi 2: Hai sè cã tæng b»ng 6479, nÕu gi÷ nguyªn sè thø nhÊt, gÊp sè thø hai lªn 6 lÇn th× ®-îc tæng míi
    b»ng 6789. H·y t×m hai sè h¹ng ban ®Çu.
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    Bµi 3: T×m hai sè cã tæng b»ng 140, biÕt r»ng nÕu gÊp sè h¹ng thø nhÊt lªn 5 lÇn vµ gÊp sè h¹ng thø hai
    lªn 3 lÇn th× tæng míi lµ 508.
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    Bµi 4: T×m hai sè tù nhiªn cã tæng lµ 254. NÕu viÕt thªm mét ch÷ sè 0 vµo bªn ph¶i sè thø nhÊt vµ gi÷
    nguyªn sè thø hai th× ®-îc tæng míi lµ 362.
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    Bµi 5: T×m hai sè cã tæng b»ng 586. NÕu viÕt thªm ch÷ sè 4 vµo bªn ph¶i sè thø hai vµ gi÷ nguyªn sè thø
    nhÊt th× tæng míi b»ng 716.
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    Bµi 36: Khi céng mét sè tù nhiªn víi 107, mét häc sinh ®· chÐp nhÇm sè h¹ng thø hai thµnh 1007 nªn
    ®-îc kÕt qu¶ lµ1996. T×m tæng ®óng cña hai sè h¹ng.
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    Bµi 37: Hai sè cã tæng b»ng 6479, nÕu gi÷ nguyªn sè h¹ng thø nhÊt, gÊp sè h¹ng thø hai lªn 6 lÇn th×
    ®-îc tæng míi b»ng 65789. H·y t×m hai sè h¹ng ban ®Çu.
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    Bµi 40: Cho sè cã hai ch÷ sè. NÕu viÕt sè ®ã theo thø tù ng-îc l¹i ta ®-îc sè míi bÐ h¬n sè ph¶i t×m. BiÕt
    tæng cña sè ®ã víi sè míi lµ 143. T×m sè ®· cho.
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    Bµi 41: Tæng cña hai sè thay ®æi thÕ nµo nÕu mét sè h¹ng cña nã t¨ng thªm 300 ®¬n vÞ vµ gi÷ nguyªn sè
    h¹ng kia?
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    Bµi 42: Chu vi h×nh ch÷ nhËt sÏ thay ®æi thÕ nµo nÕu ta t¨ng chiÒu dµi thªm 3 mÐt vµ gi¶m chiÒu réng cña
    nã ®i 3m.
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    Bµi 43: Tæng cña hai sè lµ 69, nÕu gÊp 3 lÇn sè thø hai vµ gi÷ nguyªn sè thø nhÊt th× tæng míi lµ 87. T×m
    hai sè ®ã.
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    5.2. PhÐp trõ


    Bµi 1: T×m hai sè cã hiÖu lµ 23, biÕt r»ng nÕu gi÷ nguyªn sè trõ vµ gÊp sè bÞ trõ lªn 3 lÇn th× ®-îc hiÖu lµ
    353.
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    Bµi 2: T×m hai sè cã hiÖu lµ 383, biÕt r»ng nÕu gi÷ nguyªn sè bÞ trõ vµ gÊp sè trõ lªn 4 lÇn th× ®-îc hiÖu
    míi lµ 158.
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    Bµi 3: HiÖu cña hai sè tù nhiªn lµ 4441, nÕu viÕt thªm mét ch÷ sè 0 vµo bªn ph¶i sè trõ vµ gi÷ nguyªn sè
    bÞ trõ th× ®-îc hiÖu míi lµ 3298.
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    Bµi 4: HiÖu cña hai sè tù nhiªn lµ 134. ViÕt thªm mét ch÷ sè vµo bªn ph¶i cña sè bÞ trõ vµ gi÷ nguyªn sè
    trõ th× hiÖu míi lµ 2297. T×m ch÷ sè viÕt thªm vµ hai sè ®ã.
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    Bµi 45: TÝnh nhanh


    a) 32 - 13- 17 c) 1732 - 513 - 732
    b) 45 - 12 - 5 - 23 d) 2834 - 150 -834
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    Bµi 50: T×m tæng hai sè, biÕt hiÖu cña hai sè ®ã lµ 37 vµ hiÖu ®ã b»ng nöa sè bÐ.
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    Bµi 51: HiÖu cña hai sè thay ®æi thÕ nµo nÕu ta cïng t¨ng thªm (hay bít ®i) hai sè ®ã cïng mét sè. Cho vÝ
    dô?
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    Bµi 52: HiÖu cña hai sè lµ 27, nÕu ta cïng gÊp lªn ( hay gi¶m ®i) mçi sè ®ã 3 lÇn th× hiÖu míi lµ bao
    nhiªu?
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    Bµi 53: Kh«ng thùc hiÖn phÐp tÝnh, cã thÓ nãi ngay gi¸ trÞ biÓu thøc sau ®-îc kh«ng?
    a) A= 621 – ( 621 – 58) b) B = x- ( x- 60)
    c) C= 720 + ( 3927 – 720) d) D = x + ( 390 – x)
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    Bµi 54: T×m sè tù nhiÖn x, biÕt:


    a) 35- x < 35 – 5 b) x – 10 < 35 – 10 c) x – 10 < 45
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    5.3. PhÐp nh©n


    Bµi 1: T×m tÝch cña 2 sè, biÕt r»ng nÕu gi÷ nguyªn thõa sè thø nhÊt vµ t¨ng thõa sè thø 2 lªn 4 lÇn th× ®-îc
    tÝch míi lµ 8400.
    Bµi gi¶i
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    Bµi 2: T×m 2 sè cã tÝch b»ng 5292, biÕt r»ng nÕu gi÷ nguyªn thõa sè thø nhÊt vµ t¨ng thõa sè thø hai thªm
    6 ®¬n vÞ th× ®-îc tÝch míi b»ng 6048.
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    Bµi 3: T×m 2 sè cã tÝch b»ng 1932, biÕt r»ng nÕu gi÷ nguyªn mét thõa sè vµ t¨ng mét thõa sè thªm 8 ®¬n
    vÞ th× ®-îc tÝch míi b»ng 2604.
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    Bµi 58: Trong mét phÐp nh©n cã thõa sè thø hai lµ 64, khi thùc hiÖn phÐp nh©n mét ng-êi ®· viÕt c¸c tÝch
    riªng th¼ng cét víi nhau nªn kÕt qu¶ t×m ®-îc lµ 870. T×m tÝch ®óng cña phÐp nh©n?
    Bµi 59: Kh«ng tÝnh tæng, h·y biÕn ®æi tæng sau thµnh tÝch cã hai thõa sè .
    a) 462+273+315+630 c) 5555+6767+7878
    b) 209+187+726+1078 d) 1997,1997+1998,1998+1999,1999
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    Bµi 59: . So s¸nh A vµ B biÕt:


    a. A=73 x 73 B=72 x 74
    b. A=1991 x 1999 B=1995 x 1995
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    Bµi 60: TÝch cña hai sè thay ®æi thÕ nµo nÕu ta gÊp mét thõa sè lªn 2 lÇn vµ gi¶m thõa sè kia ®i 2 lÇn. Cho
    vÝ dô?
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    Bµi 61: TÝch cña hai sè thay ®æi thÕ nµo nÕu mçi thõa sè ®Òu gÊp lªn 3 lÇn. Cho vÝ dô?

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    Bµi 62: T×m x ( Kh«ng thùc hiÖn phÐp tÝnh)


    a) 5  x = 5  195 b) ( x + 5)  2009 = ( 19 + 5)  2009
    c) 35  x < 35  6 d) ( 15 – x)  79 < ( 15 – 2)  79
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    Bµi 63: TÝch cña hai sè tù nhiªn lµ 65. NÕu mét sè t¨ng thªm 30 ®¬n vÞ vµ gi÷ nguyªn sè kia th× tÝch míi
    lµ 215.T×m hai sè ®ã.
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    Bµi 64: Khi nh©n mét sè víi 245, mét häc sinh ®· ®Æt c¸c tÝch riªng th¼ng cét nh- trong phÐp céng nªn
    t×m ra kÕt qu¶ lµ 4257. T×m tÝch ®óng cña phÐp nh©n ®ã.
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    Bµi 65: TÝnh gi¸ trÞ cña biÓu thøc sau b»ng c¸ch hîp lÝ:
    a) 54  113 + 54  113 + 113
    b)( 532  7 - 266  14)  ( 532  7 + 266)
    c) 117  ( 36 + 62) - 17  ( 62 + 36)
    d)( 145  99 + 145) – ( 143  101 – 143)
    21. T×m 3 sè lÎ liªn tiÕp mµ tÝch cña chóng lµ 105.
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    22. Cho A= 1  2 + 2  3 + 3  4 + …+ 19  20
    TÝnh A  3 = ?
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    Bµi 66: TÝnh gi¸ trÞ biÓu thøc sau b»ng c¸ch hîp lÝ:
    a) 2009  867 + 2009  133 b) 2008  867 + 2009  133
    TÝch cña hai sè tù nhiªn liªn tiÕp tõ 1 ®Õn 76 tËn cïng b»ng bao nhiªu ch÷ sè 0?
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    Bµi 67: TÝnh gi¸ trÞ biÓu thøc sau b»ng c¸ch hîp lÝ:
    a) A = 1 + 1 + 1 + ...+ 1 – 999( cã 1000 sè 1)
    b) 4  113  25 - 5  112  20
    c) ( 100 – 99 + 97 – 80 + 15)  ( 16 – 2  8)
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    Bµi 69: TÝnh b»ng c¸ch thuËn tiÖn
    a) 3  17 + 3  25 - 3  2 b) 123  15 - 123  5
    c) 246  4 - 246  3 – 246 d) 789  9 - 789  8
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    5.4. PhÐp CHIA


    Bµi 73: §Æt tÝnh råi tÝnh
    a) 256075 : 5 b) 369090 : 6 c)498479: 7
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    Bµi 74: T×m x:


    a) x  5 = 106570 b) 450906 : x = 6
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    Bµi 76: TÝnh ( Theo mÉu)
    MÉu: 60 : 30 = 60 : ( 10  3)
    = 60 : 10 : 3
    = 6:3 =2
    a) 90 : 30 b) 180 : 60
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    Bµi 77: §Æt tÝnh råi tÝnh
    552 : 24 450 : 27 540 : 45
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    Bµi 79: §Æt tÝnh råi tÝnh
    4725 : 15 8058: 34 5672 : 42
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    Bµi 80: Ng-êi ta xÕp c¸c gãi kÑo vµo c¸c hép, mçi hép 30 gãi. Hái cã thÓ xÕp 2000 gãi kÑo vµo nhiÒu
    nhÊt bao nhiªu hép vµ cßn thõa bao nhiªu gãi kÑo?
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    Bµi 81: §Æt tÝnh råi tÝnh
    3621: 213 8000 : 308 1682 : 209
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    Bµi 84: Mua 52 bót bi hÕt 78 000 ®ång. Hái nÕu mçi bót bi ®ã gi¶m gi¸ 300 ®ång th× víi sè tiÒn 78 000
    ®ång sÏ mua ®-îc bao nhiªu bót bi?
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    Bµi 85: Nam lµm mét phÐp chia cã d- lµ sè d- lín nhÊt cã thÓ cã. Sau ®ã Nam gÊp c¶ sè bÞ chia vµ sè chia
    lªn 3 lÇn. ë phÐp chia míi nµy, sè th-¬ng lµ 12 vµ sè d- lµ 24. T×m phÐp chia Nam thùc hiÖn ban ®Çu?
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    Bµi 86: Sè A chia cho 12 th× d- 8. NÕu gi÷ nguyªn sè chia th× sè A ph¶i thay ®æi thÕ nµo ®Ó th-¬ng t¨ng
    thªm 2 ®¬n vÞ vµ phÐp chia kh«ng cã d-?
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    Bµi 87: Mét phÐp chia cho 18 d- 8. §Ó phÐp chia kh«ng cßn d- vµ th-¬ng gi¶m ®i 2 lÇn th× ph¶i thay ®æi
    sè bÞ chia nh- thÕ nµo?
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    Bµi 88: Th-¬ng cña hai sè thay ®æi thÕ nµo nÕu ta gÊp sè bÞ chia vµ sè chia lªn cïng mét sè lÇn? Cho vÝ
    dô.
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    Bµi 89: Kh«ng thùc hiÖn phÐp tÝnh, t×m x:


    a) 2009 : x = 2009 : 2
    b) ( x + 2) : 2009 = (2345 + 2) : 2009
    c) x : 5 < 15 : 5
    d) 35 : x > 35 : 5
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    Bµi 89: TÝnh gi¸ trÞ biÓu thøc sau b»ng c¸ch hîp lÝ:
    a) 1875 : 2 + 125 : 2
    b) 0 : 36  ( 32 + 17 + 99 – 68 + 1)
    c) ( m : 1 - m  1) : ( m  2009 + m + 1)
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    Bµi 90: H·y ®Æt dÊu ngoÆc vµo biÓu thøc : 3  15 + 18 : 6+ 3 ®Ó gi¸ trÞ cña biÓu thøc lµ :
    a) 47 b) Sè bÐ nhÊt cã thÓ cã c) Sè lín nhÊt cã thÓ cã.
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    Bµi 91: TÝnh gi¸ trÞ biÓu thøc sau víi x = 1 vµ y = 0:
    a) A = ( 15 : x + 15  x) + 2009  y
    b) B = y : ( 119  x + 4512) + (756 : x – y)
    c) C = ( 10 + y) : ( 10 – y) – x + 10  x – 10 : x + y
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    6. DẠNG TOÁN TRUNG BÌNH CỘNG


    4. Trong c¸c sè, nÕu cã mét sè lín h¬n møc trung b×nh céng cña c¸c sè n ®¬n vÞ th× trung b×nh céng
    cña c¸c sè ®ã b»ng tæng c¸c sè cßn l¹i céng víi n ®¬n vÞ råi chia cho sè l-îng c¸c sè h¹ng cßn l¹i ®ã.

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    1
    VD: An cã 20 viªn bi, B×nh cã sè bi b»ng sè bi cña An. Chi cã sè bi h¬n møc trung b×nh céng cña ba
    2
    b¹n lµ 6 viªn bi. Hái Chi cã bao nhiªu viªnn bi?
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    5. Trong c¸c sè , nÕu mét sè kÐm trung b×nh céng cña c¸c sè ®ã n ®¬n vÞ th× trung b×nh céng cña c¸c
    sè ®ã b»ng tæng c¸c sè cßn l¹i trõ ®i n ®¬n vÞ råi chia sè c¸c sè h¹ng cßn l¹i.
    VD: An cã 20 bi, B×nh cã 20 bi. Chi cã sè bi kÐm trung b×nh céng cña c¶ ba b¹n lµ 6 bi. Hái Chi cã bao
    nhiªu bi?
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    6. Bµi to¸n cã thªm mét sè h¹ng ®Ó møc trung b×nh céng cña tÊt c¶ t¨ng thªm n ®¬n vÞ, ta lµm nh-
    sau:
    VD: Mét « t« trong ba giê ®Çu, mçi giê ®i ®-îc 40km, trong ba giê sau, mçi giê ®i ®-îc 50 km. NÕu
    muèn t¨ng trung b×nh céng mçi giê t¨ng thªm 1 km n÷a th× ®Õn giê thø 7, « t« ®ã cÇn ®i bao nhiªu km
    n÷a?
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    VÝ dô 1:
    H·y t×m sè trung b×nh céng cña 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
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    VÝ dô3:
    An cã 20 nh·n vë, B×nh cã 20 nh·n vë. Chi cã sè nh·n vë kÐm trung b×nh céng cña ba b¹n lµ 6 nh·n vë.
    Hái Chi cã bao nhiªu n·nh vë?
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    VÝ dô 4:

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    Cã bèn b¹n An, B×nh, Dòng, Minh cïng ch¬i bi. BiÕt An cã 18 viªn bi, B×nh cã 16 viªn bi, Dòng cã sè bi
    b»ng trung b×nh céng sè bi cña An vµ B×nh. Minh cã sè bi b»ng trung b×nh céng sè bi cña c¶ bèn
    b¹n. Hái B¹n Minh cã bao nhiªu viªn bi?
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    Bµi 1: T×m sè trung b×nh céng cña c¸c sè c¸ch ®Òu nhau 4 ®¬n vÞ : 3, 7, 11, …,95, 99, 103.
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    Bµi 2: T×m sè trung b×nh céng cña c¸c sè : 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18.
    Em cã c¸ch nµo tÝnh nhanh sè trung b×nh céng cña c¸c sè trªn kh«ng?
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    Bµi 3: Trung b×nh céng tuæi cña bè, mÑ, B×nh vµ Lan lµ 24 tuæi, trung b×nh céng tuæi cña bè. mÑ vµ Lan lµ
    28 tuæi. T×m tuæi cña mçi ng-êi, biÕt tuæi B×nh gÊp ®«i tuæi Lan,
    1
    tuæi Lan b»ng tuæi mÑ.
    6
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    Bµi 5: Hai ng-êi ®i xe m¸y khëi hµnh cïng mét lóc tõ hai đ Þa ®iÓm c¸ch nhau 216km vµ ®i ng-îc chiÒu
    nhau. Hä ®i sau 3 giê th× gÆp nhau. Hái trung b×nh mét giê mçi ng-êi ®i ®i ®-îc bao nhiªu ki- l«-
    mÐt?
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    Bµi 6: Con lîn vµ con chã nÆng 102kg, con lîn vµ con bß nÆng 231kg, con chã vµ con bß nÆng 177kg.
    Hái trung b×nh mçi con nÆng bao nhiªu ki-l«-gam?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 7: T×m sè cã ba ch÷ sè, biÕt trung b×nh céng ba ch÷ sè cña sè ®ã b»ng 6 vµ ch÷ sè hµng tr¨m gÊp ba
    ch÷ sè hµng chôc, ch÷ sè hµng chôc kÐm ch÷ sè hµng ®¬n vÞ lµ 2.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 8: Ba sè cã trung b×nh céng lµ 60. T×m ba sè ®ã, biÕt nÕu viÕt thªm mét ch÷ sè ch÷ sè 0 vµo bªn ph¶i
    1
    sè thø nhÊt th× ta ®-îc sè thø hai vµ sè thø nhÊt b»ng sè thø ba.
    4
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    Bµi 12: ViÖt cã 18 bi, Nam cã 16 bi, Hoµ cã sè bi b»ng trung b×nh céng cña ViÖt vµ Nam, B×nh cã sè bi
    kÐm trung b×nh céng cña 4 b¹n lµ 6 bi. Hái B×nh cã bao nhiªu bi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 13: Nh©n dÞp khai gi¶ng, Mai mua 10 quyÓn vë, Lan mua 12 quyÓn vë, §µo mua sè vë b»ng trung
    b×nh céng cña 2 b¹n trªn, Cóc mua h¬n trung b×nh céng cña c¶ 3 b¹n lµ 4 quyÓn. Hái Cóc mua bao
    nhiªu quyÓn vë?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 14: Tuæi trung b×nh 11 cÇu thñ cña mét ®éi bãng ®¸ lµ 22 tuæi . NÕu kh«ng kÓ thñ m«n th× tuæi trung
    b×nh cña 10 cÇu thñ lµ 21 tuæi. Hái thñ m«n bao nhiªu tuæi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 103: T×m trung b×nh céng cña c¸c sè : 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 14, 16, 18. Em cã c¸ch nµo tÝnh nhanh sè trung
    b×nh céng cña c¸c sè trªn kh«ng?
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    Bµi 104: T×m sè cã ba ch÷ sè, biÕt truug b×nh céng ba ch÷ sè cña nã b»ng 5 vµ ch÷ sè hµng tr¨m gÊp ba
    ch÷ sè hµng chôc, ch÷ sè hµng chôc h¬n ch÷ sè hµng ®¬n vÞ lµ 1.
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    Bµi 105: Trung b×nh céng tuæi cña bè, mÑ, B×nh vµ Lan lµ 24 tuæi, trung b×nh céng tuæi cña bè, mÑ vµ Lan
    1
    lµ 28 tuæi. T×m tuæi mçi ng-êi, biÕt tuæi B×nh gÊp ®«i tuæi Lan, tuæi Lan b»ng tuæi mÑ.
    6
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    Bµi 106: Cã 4 b¹n An, B×nh, Dòng, Minh ch¬i bi. An cã 18 viªn, B×nh cã 16 viªn, Dòng cã sè bi b»ng
    TBC sè bi cña An vµ B×nh, Minh cã sè bi b»ng TBC sè bi cña c¶ 4 b¹n. Hái Minh cã bao nhiªu viªn bi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 107: TBC sè tuæi cña «ng , bè vµ ch¸u lµ 36 tuæi, TBC sè tuæi cña bè vµ cña ch¸u lµ 23, «ng h¬n
    ch¸u 54 tuæi. T×m tuæi mçi ng-êi.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 108: T×m 3 sè cã TBC b»ng 60, biÕt r»ng nÕu viÕt thªm 1 ch÷ sè 0 vµo bªn ph¶i sè thø nhÊt th× ®-îc
    sè thø hai vµ sè thø 3 gÊp 4 lÇn sè thø nhÊt.
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    Bµi 109: ViÖt cã 18 viªn bi, Nam cã 16 bi, Hßa cã s« bi b»ng trung b×nh céng cña ViÖt vµ Nam, B×nh cã
    sè bi kÐm trung b×nh céng cña 4 b¹n lµ 6 bi. Hái B×nh cã bao nhiªu viªn bi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 110: Nh©n dÞp khai gi¶ng, Mai mua 10 quyÓn vë, Lan mua 12 quyÓn vë, §µo mua sè vë b»ng trung
    b×nh céng cña hai b¹n trªn, Cóc mua h¬n trung b×nh céng cña c¶ 3 b¹n lµ 4 quyÓn vë. Hái Cóc mua bao
    nhiªu quyÓn vë?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 112: Tuæi trung b×nh cña 11 cÇu thñ cña ®éi bãng ®¸ lµ 22 tuæi. NÕu kh«ng kÓ thñ m«n th× tuæi trung
    b×nh cña 10 cÇu thñ lµ 21 tuæi. Hái thñ m«n bao nhiªu tuæi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 113: Mét th¸ng ®iÓm cã 20 lÇn kiÓm tra, sau 10 lÇn kiÓm tra b¹n An thÊy ®iÓm trung b×nh cña m×nh lµ
    7 ®iÓm. Hái cßn 10 lÇn kiÓm tra n÷a b¹n An ph¶i ®¹t ®-îc tÊt c¶ bao nhiªu ®iÓm ®Ó ®iÓm trung b×nh cña
    th¸ng lµ 8 ®iÓm.
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    Bài tập 1: Xe thứ nhất chở được 25 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 35 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở bằng trung bình
    cộng 3 xe . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 2: Xe thứ nhất chở được 25 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 35 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở hơn trung bình
    cộng 3 xe là 10 . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
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    Bài tập 3: Xe thứ nhất chở được 25 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 35 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở kém trung bình
    cộng 3 xe là 10 . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 4: Xe thứ nhất chở được 40 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 50 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở bằng trung bình
    cộng 3 xe . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 5: Xe thứ nhất chở được 40 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 50 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở hơn trung bình
    cộng 3 xe là 10 . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 6: Xe thứ nhất chở được 40 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 50 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở kém trung bình
    cộng 3 xe là 10 . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng
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    Bài tập 7: Trung bình cộng của n số là 80 biết 1 trong các số đó là 100 .Nếu bỏ số 100 thì trung bình
    cộng các số còn lại là 78 tìm n.
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    Bài tập 8: Có ba con ; gà, vịt, ngan . Hai con gà và vịt nặng tất cả là 5 kg . Hai con gà và ngan nặng tất cả
    là 9 kg . Hai con ngan và vịt nặng tất cả là 10 kg . Hỏi trung bình một con nặng mấy kg ?
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    Bài tập 10: Trung bình cộng của ba số là 50 . Tìm số thứ ba biết rằng nó bằng trung bình cộng của hai
    số đầu .
    Hướng dẫn giải .Dùng sơ đồ
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    Bài tập 11: Trung bình cộng của ba số là 35 . Tìm ba số đó biết rằng số thứ nhất gấp đôi số thứ hai, số
    thứ hai gấp đôi số thứ ba?
    Gợi ý Dùng sơ đồ
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    Bài tập 12: Tìm sáu số chẵn liên tiếp biết tổng của chúng là 90.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 13: Tìm trung bình cộng của tất cả các số có hai chữ số , mà chia hết cho 4 .
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    Bài tập 14: Trung bình cộng số tuổi của hai anh em ít hơn tuổi anh là 4 tuổi . Hỏi anh hơn em mấy tuổi ?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 15: Lớp 4 A có 40 học sinh , lớp 4B có 36 học sinh . Lóp 4 C có số học sinh ít hơn trunh bình
    cộng số học sinh của cả ba lớp là hai bạn . Tính số học sinh lớp 4 B.

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    Bài tập 16: Hai lớp 3A và 3B có tất cả 37 h/s .Hai lớp 3B và 3B có tất cả là 83 h/s. Hai lớp 3C vàg 3A có
    tất cả là 86 h/s .
    Hỏi: trung bình mỗi lớp có bao nhiêu học sinh ? Số học sinh của mỗi lớp là bao nhiêu em ?
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    Bài tập 17: Tuổi trung bình cộng của một đội bóng đá (11 người) là 22 tuổi. Nếu không kể đội trưởng, thì
    tuổi trung bình của 10 cầu thủ còn lại chỉ là 2. Tính tuổi của đội trưởng ?
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    Bài tập 18: Xe thứ nhất chở được 25 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 35 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở bằng trung bình
    cộng 3 xe . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 19: Xe thứ nhất chở được 25 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 35 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở hơn trung bình
    cộng 3 xe là 10 . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 20: Xe thứ nhất chở được 25 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 35 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở kém trung bình
    cộng 3 xe là 10 . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 21: Xe thứ nhất chở được 40 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 50 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở bằng trung bình
    cộng 3 xe . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
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    Bài tập 22: Xe thứ nhất chở được 40 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 50 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở hơn trung bình
    cộng 3 xe là 10 . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
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    Bài tập 23: Xe thứ nhất chở được 40 tấn hàng .xe thứ hai chở 50 tấn hàng .Xe thứ ba chở kém trung bình
    cộng 3 xe là 10 . Hỏi xe thứ 3 chở bao nhiêu tấn hàng?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài tập 24: Ba lớp 4a;4b;4c; đi trồng cây . số cây của lớp 4a và 4b trồng được là 41 cây .Số cây của lớp
    4b và lớp 4c trồng được là 43 cây . Số cây của 4c và 4a trồng được là 42 cây . Hỏi mỗi lớp trồng được bao
    nhiêu cây?
    .BàiGiải.
    Cả 3 lớp trồng được số cây là:
    (41+42+43 ): 2 =63 cây
    Lớp 4c trồng được số cây là
    63- 41=22cây
    Lớp 4 b trồng số cây là:
    43 -22= 21(Cây)
    Lớp 4 a trồng số cây là:
    42 – 22 = 20 (cây)
    Đáp Số:
    Bài tập 25: An,Bình ,Chi đi câu cá . Cả ba bạn câu được 37 con cá . Nếu An câu thêm được 5 con cá và
    Bình câu giảm đi 3 con cá thí số cá ba bạn bằng nhau . Hỏi mỗi bạn câu được bao nhiêu con cá?
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Ví dụ 1 : Tìm 3 số có trung bình cộng lớn hơn số thứ nhất 540, bé hơn số thứ hai là 1260 và gấp 31 lần số
    thứ ba.
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Ví dụ 2 : Đội tuyển học sinh giỏi khối 5 của một trường Tiểu học có 16 bạn. Biết rằng 2/5 số bạn nam
    nhiều hơn 1/2 số bạn nữ là 1 bạn. Hỏi đội tuyển có bao nhiêu bạn nam, bao nhiêu bạn nữ ?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Ví dụ 3 : Một trường Tiểu học có số học sinh nam nhiều hơn số học sinh nữ là 40 học sinh. Trong đó 3/4
    số bạn nam và 1/2 số bạn nữ đạt danh hiệu học sinh tiên tiến. Tính số học sinh nam và số học sinh nữ của
    trường đó. Biết số học sinh tiên tiến của trường đó là 530 bạn.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    7. DẠNG TÌM HAI SỐ KHI BIẾT TỔNG VÀ HIỆU


    Bµi 1: Cã mét hép bi xanh vµ mét hép bi ®á, tæng sè bi cña 2 hép lµ 48 viªn bi. BiÕt r»ng nÕu lÊy ra ë hép
    bi ®á 10 viªn vµ lÊy ra ë hép bi xanh 2 viªn th× sè bi cßn l¹i trong 2 hép b»ng nhau. T×m sè bi cña
    mçi hép lóc ®Çu.
    Bµi gi¶i:
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    §¸p sè : 18 vµ 20
    Bµi 2: Lan cã nhiÒu h¬n Hång 12 quyÓn truyÖn nhi ®ång. NÕu Hång mua thªm 8 quyÓn vµ Lan mua thªm
    2 quyÓn th× 2 b¹n cã tæng céng 46 quyÓn. Hái mçi b¹n cã bao nhiªu quyÓn truyÖn nhi ®ång?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ........................................................
    §¸p sè : 12 vµ 24
    Bµi 3: Hai hép bi cã tæng céng 115 viªn, biÕt r»ng nÕu thªm vµo hép bi thø nhÊt 8 viªn vµ hép thø hai 17
    viªn th× 2 hép cã sè bi b»ng nhau. Hái mçi hép cã bao nhiªu viªn bi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    §¸p sè 78 vµ 37
    Bµi 4: T×m hai sè cã hiÖu b»ng 129, biÕt r»ng nÕu lÊy sè thø nhÊt céng víi sè thø hai råi céng víi tæng cña
    chóng th× ®-îc 2010.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 5: T×m hai sè ch½n cã tæng b»ng 216, biÕt gi÷a chóng cã 5 sè ch½n
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 6: Tæng sè tuæi hiÖn nay cña bµ, cña HuÖ vµ cña H¶i lµ 80 tuæi. C¸ch ®©y 2 n¨m, tuæi bµ h¬n tæng sè
    tuæi cña HuÖ vµ H¶i lµ 54 tuæi, HuÖ nhiÒu h¬n H¶i 6 tuæi. Hái hiÖn nay mçi ng-êi bao nhiªu tuæi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    3
    Bµi 7: Hai ®éi trång c©y nhËn kÕ ho¹ch trång tÊt c¶ 872 c©y. Sau khi mçi ®éi hoµn thµnh kÕ ho¹ch cña
    4
    m×nh, ®éi 1 trång nhiÒu h¬n sè c©y ®éi 2 trång lµ 54 c©y. Hái mçi ®éi nhËn trång theo kÕ ho¹ch lµ
    bao nhiªu c©y?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 115: T×m hai sè, biÕt tæng hai sè lµ sè lín nhÊt cã hai ch÷ sè. HiÖu hai sè lµ sè lÎ bÐ nhÊt cã hai ch÷
    sè.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 116: T×m hai sè biÕt tæng hai sè lµ 100 vµ hiÖu hai sè lµ sè bÐ nhÊt cã hai ch÷ sè.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 117: T×m hai sè biÕt hiÖu hai sè lµ sè lín nhÊt cã 1 ch÷ sè vµ tæng hai sè lµ sè lín nhÊt cã ba ch÷ sè.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 118: T×m hai sè ch½n cã tæng b»ng 220, biÕt r»ng ë gi÷a chóng cã 3 sè ch½n.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 119: Tæng cña hai sè ch½n lµ 38. H·y t×m hai sè biÕt r»ng gi÷a chóng chØ cã 3 sè lÎ.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 120: Tæng cña ba sè lÎ liªn tiÕp lµ 75,h·y t×m ba sè ®ã.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 121: Anh h¬n em 5 tuæi. BiÕt r»ng 5 n¨m n÷a th× tæng sè tuæi cña hai anh em lµ 25. TÝnh sè tuæi cña
    mçi ng-êi hiÖn nay?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 122: TÝnh diÖn tÝch cña miÕng ®Êt h×nh ch÷ nhËt cã chu vi lµ 256 m vµ chiÒu dµi h¬n chiÒu réng 32m
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 123: Mét m¶nh v-ên h×nh ch÷ nhËt cã chu vi b»ng chu vi thöa ruéng h×nh vu«ng c¹nh 80m. NÕu
    gi¶m chiÒu dµi m¶nh v-ên ®i 30m vµ t¨ng chiÒu réng thªm 10m th× m¶nh v-ên sÏ cã h×nh vu«ng. TÝnh
    diÖn tÝch m¶nh v-ên.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 124: T×m hai sè cã hiÖu b»ng 129, biÕt r»ng nÕu lÊy sè thø nhÊt céng víi sè thø hai råi céng tæng cña
    chóng th× ®-îc 2010
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    8. DẠNG TÌM HAI SỐ KHI BIẾT 2 HIỆU SỐ


    Bài toán: Để chuẩn bị cho năm học mới, hai bạn Vĩnh và Kim đi mua sắm sách vở. Vĩnh mua 15
    quyển vở, Kim mua nhiều hơn hơn Vĩnh 5 quyển vở cùng loại và phải trả nhiều hơn Vĩnh 20.000 đồng.
    Hỏi mỗi bạn phải trả bao nhiêu tiền mua vở?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    3. Bài tập cần luyện:
    *Bài tập 1: Một hiệu sách, lần thứ nhất bán được 27 quyển vở. Lần thứ hai bán được 40 quyển vở
    cùng loại và nhận nhiều tiền hơn lần trước 52.000 đồng. Hỏi mỗi lần bán hiệu sách nhận bao nhiêu tiền?
    (GV phân tích tương tự như bài toán trên).
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    *Bài tập 2: Hồng mua 3 cái bút và 5 quyển vở hết 39.000 đồng. Hoa mua 3 cái bút và 9 quyển vở
    cùng loại như Hồng hết 51.000 đồng. Tính giá tiền một cây bút, một quyển vở?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    4. Bài tập về nhà:
    Chị Vĩnh mua 2 mét vải xanh và 6 mét vải hoa. Chị Linh mua 2 mét vải xanh và 9 mét vải hoa
    cùng loại. Chị Vĩnh phải trả 380.000 đồng. Chị Linh phải trả 530.000 đồng. Tính giá tiền một mét vải mỗi
    loại?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................

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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài 1: Hiện nay, Minh 10 tuổi ,em Minh 6 ,còn mẹ của Minh 36 tuổi .Hỏi bao nhiêu năm nữa tuổi mẹ
    bằng tổng số tuổi của hai anh em.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bài 2 : Bể thứ nhất chứa 1200 lít nước . Bể thứ 2 chứa 1000 lít nước .Khi bể không có nứớc người ta cho
    2 vòi cùng chảy 1 lúc vào 2 bể . Vòi thứ nhất mỗi giờ chảy được 200 lít .Vòi thứ 2 mỗi giờ chảy được 150
    lít. Hỏi sau bao lâu số nước còn lại ở 2 bể bằng nhau.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bài 3: Cùng 1 lúc xe máy và xe đạp cùng đi về phía thành phố xe máy cách xe đạp 60km. Vận tốc xe máy
    là 40 km/h vận tốc xe đạp là 25 km/h.
    Hỏi sau bao lâu xe máy đuổi kịp xe đạp.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bài 4 : Một con Chó Đuổi theo một con thỏ .Con chó cách con thỏ 20m.Mỗi bước con thỏ nhẩy được
    30cm,con chó nhảy được 50 cm.Hỏi sau bao nhiêu bước con chó bắt được con thỏ ? Biết rằng con thỏ
    nhảy được 1 bước thì con chó cũng nhảy được 1 bước.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bài 5 Hai bác thợ mộc nhận bàn ghế về đống .Bác thứ nhất nhận 60 bộ .Bác thứ 2 nhận 45 bộ . Cứ 1
    tuần bác thứ nhất đóng được 5 bộ ,bác thứ hai đóng được 2 bộ . Hỏi sau bao lâu số ghế còn lại của 2 bác
    bằng nhau.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài 6:Hai bác thợ mộc nhận bàn ghế về đống .Bác thứ nhất nhận 120 bộ .Bác thứ 2 nhận 80 bộ . Cứ 1
    tuần bác thứ nhất đóng được 12 bộ ,bác thứ hai đóng được 4 bộ .Hỏi sau bao lâu số ghế còn lại của bác
    thứ nhất bằng 1/2 số bộ bàn ghế của bác thứ 2.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài 7: Hai bể nước có dung tích bằng nhau .Cùng 1 lúc người ta cho 2 vòi nước chảy vào 2 bể .Vòi thứ
    nhất mỗi giờ chảy được 50 lít nước .Vòi thứ 2 mỗi giờ chảy được 30 lít nước . Sau khi bể thứ nhất đầy
    nước thì bể thứ 2 phải chảy thêm 600 lít nữa mới đầy .Hỏi dung tích của bể là bao nhiêu lít nước?
    (Tham khảo thêm Đề thi và phần Bài tập mở rộng)
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    9. DẠNG TOÁN LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN CHIA HẾT


    Bµi 1: Tõ 3 ch÷ sè 0, 1, 2. H·y viÕt tÊt c¶ c¸c sè cã 3 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau chia hÕt cho 2.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ........................................................

    Bµi 2: ViÕt tÊt c¶ c¸c sè chia hÕt cho 5 cã 4 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau tõ 4 ch÷ sè 0, 1, 2 , 5.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................

    Bµi 3: Em h·y viÕt vµo dÊu * ë sè 86* mét ch÷ sè ®Ó ®-îc sè cã 3 ch÷ sè vµ lµ sè:
    a) Chia hÕt cho 2 b) chia hÕt cho 3
    c) Chia hÕt cho 5 d) chia hÕt cho 9
    e) Chia hÕt cho c¶ 2 vµ 5 g) Chia hÕt cho c¶ 3 vµ 9
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ........................................................

    Bµi 4: H·y t×m c¸c ch÷ sè x, y sao cho 17 x8 y chia hÕt cho 5 vµ 9.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ........................................................

    Bµi 5: T×m x, y ®Ó x765 y chia hÕt cho 3 vµ 5.


    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ........................................................

    §¸p sè: Y = 0 ta cã c¸c sè : x= 3, 6 9


    Y = 5 ta cã x = 14,7

    Bµi 6: T×m x vµ y ®Ó sè 1996 xy chia hÕt cho 2, 5 vµ 9.


    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ........................................................

    Bµi 7: T×m a vµ b ®Ó 56a3b chia hÕt cho 36.


    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ........................................................

    §¸p sè: ( Chia hết cho 36 thì tổng của 56a3b chia hết cho 4 và 9)
    1a83b
    Bµi 8: T×m tÊt c¶ c¸c ch÷ sè a vµ b ®Ó ph©n sè lµ sè tù nhiªn.
    45
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ........................................................

    1a83b
    §¸p sè: ( Chia hết cho 45 thì tổng của chia hết cho 5 và 9)
    45
    Bµi 9: T×m x ®Ó 37  2 x5 chia hÕt cho 3.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ........................................................

    §¸p sè: 37 + 2 + 5 = 41 vËy x = 1, 4 , 7

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    Bµi 10: T×m a vµ b ®Ó sè a391b chia hÕt cho 9 vµ chia cho 5 d- 1.


    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................

    ac 2
    Bµi 11: T×m tÊt c¶ c¸c sè cã 3 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau abc , biÕt:  .
    b7 3
    B= 2 th× ac = 2 x 9 = 18
    B= 5 th× ac = 2 x 19 = 39
    B= 8 th× ac = 2 x 29 = 54
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................

    1. ViÕt c©c sè tù nhiªn theo dÊu hiÖu chia hÕt


    Bµi 2 : Cho 4 ch÷ sè 0; 1; 5; 8. H·y lËp c¸c sè cã 3 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau tõ 4 ch÷ sè ®· cho tho¶ m·n ®iÒu
    kiÖn:
    a) Chia hÕt cho 3 ?
    b) Chia hÕt cho 2 vµ 5 ?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    2. Dïng dÊu hiÖu chia hÕt ®Ó ®iÒn c¸c ch÷ sè ch-a biÕt.
    Bµi 2:
    Cho sè b = xy2008 thay x vµ y sao cho sè b chia hÕt cho 2, 5 vµ 3.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    3.bµi to¸n vÒ vËn dông tÝnh chÊt chia hÕt cña mét tæng vµ mét hiÖu.
    Bµi 1: Kh«ng lµm phÐp tÝnh, h·y xÐt xem c¸c tæng vµ hiÖu d-íi ®©y cã chia hÕt cho 3 hay kh«ng?
    a) 240 + 123
    b) 240 – 123
    c) 459 + 690 + 1236
    d) 2454 + 374
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 2:
    Tæng kÕt n¨m häc 2007- 2008, mét tr-êng tiÓu häc cã 462 häc sinh tiªn tiÕn vµ 195 häc sinh giái. Ban
    gi¸m hiÖu dù ®Þnh th-ëng cho mçi häc sinh giái nhiÒu h¬n häc sinh tiªn tiÕn 2 quyÓn vë. C« v¨n phßng
    nhÈm tÝnh ph¶i mua 1996 quyÓn th× ®ñ ph¸t th-ëng. Hái c« v¨n phßng ®· tÝnh ®óng hay sai?
    Gi¶i thÝch t¹i sao ?
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    4.C¸c bµi to¸n vÒ phÐp chia cã d-.
    Cho a = 5 xy . H·y thay x, y b»ng nh÷ng ch÷ sè thÝch hîp ®Ó d-îc mét sè cã 3 ch÷ sè kh¸c nhau chia
    cho 2,3 vµ 5 ®Òu d- 4.
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    5. VËn dông tÝnh chÊt chia hÕt vµ phÐp chia cã d- ®Ó gi¶i c¸c bµi to¸n cã lêi v¨n.
    Bµi 3: Mét cöa hµng då s¾t cã 7 thïng ®ùng 2 lo¹i ®inh 5 ph©n vµ 10 ph©n (mçi thïng chØ ®ùng mét lo¹i
    ®inh). Sè ®inh trong mçi thïng theo thø tù lµ 24kg, 26kg, 30kg, 37kg, 41kg, 55kg vµ 58 kg. Sau khi b¸n
    hÕt 6 thïng vµ chØ cßn mét thïng ®inh 10 ph©n, ng-êi b¸n hµng thÊy r»ng trong sè ®inh ®· b¸n, ®inh 10
    ph©n gÊp 3 lÇn ®inh 10 ph©n. Hái cöa hµng ®· cã bao nhiªu kil«gam ®inh mçi lo¹i?
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    Bài 1: Trong giờ tập thể dục của lớp 4a thầy giáo cho các bạn học sinh xép hàng .lúc thì cho xép hàng 8
    ,lúc xép hàng 6,lúc lại xép hàng 4,hàng 3 hàng 2 vẫn thấy vừa đủ .Các bạn tính xem lớp 4a có bao nhiêu
    bạn biết biết số học sinh là số nhỏ hơn 48.
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    Bài 2:Mẹ có một số táo mẹ xếp vào đĩa .Khi xếp vào đĩa mẹ nhận thấy nếu xếp mỗi đĩa 9 quả hay 12 quả
    thì cũng vừa hết .Hỏi mẹ có bao nhiêu quả táo ? biết số táo lớn hơn 30 nhỏ hơn 40
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    Bài 3:ở một bến cảng có ba con tàu A,B,C Tàu a cứ 3 ngày cặp bến 1 lần ,tàu B là 4 ngày cặp bến 1 lần
    ,tàu C là 5 ngày .Nếu một hôm nào đó cả ba tàu cùng cặp bến thì hỏi sau bao nhiêu ngày ba tàu lại cùng
    cặp bến.

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    Bài 4:Trong giờ tập thể dục của lớp 4 b thầy giáo cho các bạn học sinh xép hàng .lúc thì cho xép hàng 8
    ,lúc xép hàng 6,lúc lại xép hàng 4,hàng 3 hàng 2 đều thấy hàng cuối thiếi 1 người .Các bạn tính xem lớp
    4b có bao nhiêu bạn .Biết biết số học sinh là số nhỏ hơn 48.
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    Bài 5:Trong giờ tập thể dục của lớp 4C thầy giáo cho các bạn học sinh xếp hàng .lúc thì cho xếp hàng 8,
    lúc xếp hàng 6, lúc lại xếp hàng 4, hàng 3 hàng 2 đều thấy thừa 1 người .Các bạn tính xem lớp 4c có bao
    nhiêu bạn biết số học sinh là số nhỏ hơn 48.
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    Bài 6 : Mẹ có một số táo mẹ xếp vào đĩa .Khi xếp vào đĩa mẹ nhận thấy nếu xếp mỗi đĩa 9 quả hay 12 quả
    thì đĩa cuối đều thiếu 2 quả .Hỏi mẹ có bao nhiêu quả táo ? biết số táo lớn hơn 30 nhỏ hơn 40.
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    Bài 7: Một ông tướng cầm quân đi dẹp giặc .Ông cho quân xép hàng 10 thì thấy hàng cuối thiếu 1 người,
    thấy vậy ông lại cho quân xếp hàng 9 thì thấy hàng cuối vẫn thiếu 1 người; thế là ông lại cho quân xếp
    hàng 8 thì hàng cuối vẫn thiếu 1 người. Ông bèn cho xếp hàng 7;6;5;4;3;2 đều vẫn như vậy .
    Tính hộ xem ông tướng có bao nhiêu quân biết số quân của ông ít hơn 5000
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    10. BÀI TOÁN CÓ NỘI DUNG HÌNH HỌC


    Bài 3:Một thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật có chu vi 100m .Người ta tăng chiều dài lên 1/3 chiều dài thì chu vi
    hình chữ nhật mới là 120m.
    Tính diện tích thửa ruộng ban đầu .
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    Bài 4:Một thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật có chu vi 100m .Người ta giảm chiều dài đi 1/3 chiều dài thì chu vi
    hình chữ nhật mới là 80m.
    Tính diện tích thửa ruộng ban đầu .
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    Bài 5:Một thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật có chu vi 110m . Nếu tăng chiều rộng 5 m và giảm chiều dài 5 m thì
    diện tích thửa ruộng không thay đổi .Tính diện tích thửa ruộng
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    Bài 6:Một thửa đất hình vuông trên thửa đất đó người ta đào một cái ao hình vuông cạnh cái ao cách đều
    cạnh thửa đất .Chu vi cái ao kém chu vi thửa đất là 64 m.Tính diện tích cái ao biết diện tích phần dất còn
    lại là 600m2.
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    Bài 7:Bác An có một mảnh đất vườn chữ nhật .ở một góc vườn bác đào một cái ao hình vuông có 1 cạnh
    cách chiều rộng mảnh vườn 33 m còn cạnh kia cách chiều dài mảnh vườn là 17 m .Biết diện tích phần đất
    còn lại là 1311m2 . Tính diện tích mảnh vườn.
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    Bài 8:Một thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật có chu vi 200 m .chiều dài hình chữ nhật hơn 2 lần chiều rộng là
    10m.Tính diện tích thửa ruộng.
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    Bài 9:Một thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật có chu vi 160 m .chiều dài hình chữ nhật kém 2 lần chiều rộng là
    10m.Tính diện tích thửa ruộng.
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    Bài 10:Một thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật có chu vi 200 m Dọc theo chiều dài người ta ngăn thửa ruộng thành
    2 thửa ruộng nhỏ .Biết 1 trong 2 thửa ruộng là hình vuông và chu vi thửa ruộng hình vuông nhỏ hơn chu
    vi thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật nhỏ là 20m Tính diện tích thửa ruộng ban đầu.
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    Bài 11:Một thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật có chu vi 160 m Dọc theo chiều dài người ta ngăn thửa ruộng thành
    2 thửa ruộng nhỏ .Biết 1 trong 2 thửa ruộng là hình vuông và chu vi thửa ruộng hình vuông lớn hơn chu
    vi thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật nhỏ là 20m Tính diện tích thửa ruộng ban đầu.
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    Bài 12:Một thửa ruộng hình chữ nhật có chiều dài gấp 3 lần chiều rộng . Nếu tăng chiều rộng 5m và
    giảm chiều dài 5 m thì diện tích tăng thêm 300m2 . Tính diện tích thửa ruộng ban đầu
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    Bài 13: Một hình chữ nhật, nếu tăng chiều rộng để bằng chiều dài của nó thì diện tích tăng thêm 20m 2,
    còn khi giảm chiều dài cho bằng chiều rộng thì diện tích giảm 16 m2. Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bài 14 Một hình chữ nhật có diện tích 135m2 . Chiều dài bằng 3/5 chiều rộng .Tính chu vi hình chữ nhật.
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    Bài 15: Một cái sân hình chũ nhật có chu vi 110m. Người ta tăng chiều rộng lên 5m thì sân trở thành hình
    vuông . tính diện tích cái sân ban đầu.
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    Bài 16 Một mảnh vườn hình chữ nhật có chu vi 180 m nếu giảm chiều dài 10 m thì mảnh vườn trở thành
    mảnh vườn hình vuông .Tính diện tích mảnh vườn ban đầu .
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    Bài 17 Một mảnh vườn hình chữ nhật có chu vi 150 m .Nếu giảm chiều dài 10m và tăng chiều rộng 5m
    thì được một hình chữ nhật mới có chiều dài gấp 4 chiều rộng .Tính diện tích mảnh vườn.
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    Bài 18 Một hình chữ nhật có chiều dài gấp 3 chiều rộng . Nếu tăng chiều rộng lên 24 m thì được hình chữ
    nhật mới có chiều dài gấp 3 chiều rộng. Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật.
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    Bài 19 Một mảnh vườn hình chữ nhật có chiều dài gấp 4 lần chiều rộng . Nếu tăng chiều dài 5m và giảm
    chiều rộng 5 m thì diện tích giảm đi 256m2. Tính diện tích mảnh vườn.
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    Bài 20 Một cái ao hình chữ nhật có chu vi 120 m .Dọc theo chiều dài người ta ngăn cái ao thành 2 ao nhỏ
    (Hình vẽ). Tổng chu vi 2 ao mới tạo thành la 180 m .Tính diện tích cái ao ban đầu.

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    Bài 21 Sân trường em hình vuông .Để tăng thêm diện tích nhà trường đã mở rộng về mỗi phía 3m thì diện
    tích tăng thêm là 196 m2 . Hỏi trước đây sân trường em có diện tích là bao nhiêu m2?
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    Bài 22: Bác Hà có hai tấm kính hình chữ nhật. Chiều rộng của mỗi tấm kính bằng 1/2 chiều dài của nó
    và chiều dài của tấm kính nhỏ đúng bằng chiều rộng của tấm kính to. Bác ghép hai tấm kính sát vào nhau
    và đặt lên bàn có diện tích 90 dm2 thì vừa khít. Hãy tính kích thước của mỗi tấm kính đó.
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    Bài 23: Khu vườn hình chữ nhật có nửa chu vi 108m. Nếu giảm chiều dài 3m và tăng chiều rộng thêm 3m
    thì được hình vuông . Tính diện tích hình vuông.
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    Bài 24: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi 84m. Nếu bớt chiều rộng 5m và bớt chiều dài 7m thì được hình vuông.
    Tính chiều dài và chiều rộng hình chữ nhật.
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    Bài 25: Hình chữ nhật có nửa chu vi 86m. Nếu giảm chiều dài 9m và tăng chiều rộng thêm 5m thì được
    hình vuông . Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật.
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    Bài 26: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi 216m. Nếu giảm chiều rộng 5m và giảm chiều dài 21m thì được hình
    vuông. Tính diện tích hình vuông đó.
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    Bài 27: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi gấp 10 lần chiều rộng. Chiều dài bằng 88m. Tính chiều rộng.
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    Bài 28: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi gấp 12 lần chiều rộng. Chiều dài bằng 120m. Tính diện tích hình chữ
    nhật.
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    Bài 29: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi gấp 14 lần chiều rộng. Chiều dài hơn chiều rộng 80m. Tính chiều dài và
    chiều rộng hình chữ nhật.
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    Bài 30: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi gấp 16 lần chiều rộng. Chiều dài hơn chiều rộng 198m. Tính diện tích
    hình chữ nhật đó.
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    Bài 31: Hình chữ nhật có nửa chu vi 99m. Nếu tăng chiều rộng thêm 5m và giảm chiều dài đi 5m thì diện
    tích không thay đổi. Tính chiều dài và chiều rộng hình chữ nhật.
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    Bài 32: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi 160m. Nếu tăng chiều rộng thêm 10m và giảm chiều dài đi 10m thì diện
    tích không thay đổi. Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật đó.
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    Bài 33: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi gấp 3 lần chiều dài. Chiều rộng bằng 5m. Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật
    đó.
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    Bài 34: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi gấp 3 lần chiều dài. Chiều rộng kém chiều dài 5m. Tính diện tích hình
    chữ nhật đó.
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    Bài 35: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi 48m. Nếu tăng chiều dài 6m thì được hình chữ nhật mới có chiều dài gấp
    2 lần chiều rộng. Tính chiều dài và chiều rộng hình chữ nhật ban đầu.
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    Bài 36: Hình chữ nhật có chu vi 64cm. Nếu giảm chiều rộng 2cm, thêm chiều dài 2cm thì được hình chữ
    nhật mới có chiều dài gấp 3 lần chiều rộng. Tính chiều dài và chiều rộng hình chữ nhật ban đầu.
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    Bài 37: Trung bình cộng chiều dài và chiều rộng hình chữ nhật là 18m, chiều dài hơn chiều rộng 6m.
    Tính chiều dài và chiều rộng hình chữ nhật.
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    Bài 38: Trung bình cộng chiều dài và chiều rộng hình chữ nhật là 32m, chiều dài gấp 3 lần chiều rộng
    6m. Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật.
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    Bài 39: Hình chữ nhật có chiều dài gấp 3 lần chiều rộng. Nếu giảm chiều rộng đi 2m và tăng chiều dài
    thêm 2m thì diện tích giảm đi 68m2 . Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật ban đầu.
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    Bài 40: Hình chữ nhật có chiều dài gấp 4 lần chiều rộng. Nếu giảm chiều dài đi 3m và tăng chiều rộng
    thêm 3m thì diện tích tăng thêm 108m2 . Tính chiều dài và chiều rộng hình chữ nhật ban đầu.
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    Bài 41: Hình chữ nhật có chiều dài gấp 5 lần chiều rộng. Nếu giảm chiều rộng đi 2m và giảm chiều dài đi
    2m thì diện tích giảm đi 140m2 . Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật ban đầu.
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    Bài 42: Hình chữ nhật có chiều dài gấp 5 lần chiều rộng. Nếu tăng chiều dài thêm 5m và tăng chiều rộng
    thêm 5m thì diện tích tăng thêm 475m2 . Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật ban đầu.
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    Bài 43: Một thửa hình chữ nhật có chiều rộng bằng 1/2 chiều dài. Tính diện tích thửa đất. Biết rằng nếu
    tăng chiều rộng 15m và giảm chiều dài 9m thì thửa đất trở thành hình vuông.
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    Bài 44: Nếu bớt một cạnh hình vuông là 7m và bớt một cạnh khác 25m thì được hình chữ nhật có chiều
    dài gấp 3 lần chiều rộng. Tính chu vi và diện tích của hình vuông.
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    Bài 45: Trên một miếng đất hình vuông, người ta đào một cái ao hình vuông để thả cá. Sau khi đào xong
    thì diện tích còn 1280m2. Tính diện tích miếng hình vuông ban đầu. Biết rằng cạnh ao kém cạnh miếng
    đất 32m.
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    Bài 46: Cho hai hình chữ nhật A và B. Diện tích hình A hơn hình B là 300m 2, chu vi hình A hơn hình B
    là 20m. Tính diện tích mỗi hình chữ nhật.
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    Bài 47: Một mảnh đất hình chữ nhật có chiều rộng bằng 1/5 chiều dài, nếu tăng mỗi chiều thêm 5m thì
    mảnh đất hình chữ nhật có diện tích mới hơn diện tích cũ là 300m2. Tính diện tích mảnh đất hình chữ nhật
    sau khi mở rộng.
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    Bài 48: Một mảnh đất hình chữ nhật có chiều dài hơn chiều rộng 15m, nếu tăng mỗi chiều thêm 5m thì
    mảnh đất hình chữ nhật có diện tích mới hơn diện tích cũ là 600m2. Tính diện tích mảnh đất hình chữ nhật
    ban đầu.
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    Bài 49: Ở chính giữa một mảnh đất hình vuông người ta đào một cái ao cũng hình vuông. Cạnh ao song
    song và cách đều đám đất 2m. Tính diện tích cái ao biết diện tích mảnh đất hơn diện tích cái ao là 64m2.
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    Bài 50: Tính diện tích hình chữ nhật biết 3 lần chiều rộng 2 lần chiều dài bằng 62m, 2 lần chiều rộng 3
    lần chiều dài bằng 68m.
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    Bài 51: Một khu đất hình chữ nhật có chu vi bằng 286m. CHiều dài hơn chiều rộng 5m. Người ta mở
    rộng chiều dài và chiều rộng khu đất them một đoạn bằng nhau để được khu đất mới có chiều dài gấp đôi
    chiều rộng. Tính diện tích khu đất mới.
    (Tham khảo thêm Đề thi và phần Bài tập mở rộng)

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    11/®¬n vÞ ®o
    1
    Bµi 28: C« Mai cã 2kg ®-êng, c« ®· dïng sè ®-êng ®ã ®Ó lµm b¸nh. Hái c« Mai cßn l¹i bao nhiªu gam
    4
    ®-êng?
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    Bµi 29: ViÕt sè thÝch hîp vµo chç chÊm:


    1 phót = ...gi©y 3 phót = .........gi©y 2 phót 10 gi©y = ...gi©y
    1 1
    phót = .......gi©y thÕ kØ = .....n¨m
    6 5
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    Bµi 30: ViÕt tiÕp vµo chç chÊm:
    a) N¨m 40, Hai Bµ Tr-ng phÊt cê khëi nghÜa chèng l¹i ¸ch thèng trÞ cña nhµ H¸n, n¨m ®ã thuéc thÕ kØ ...
    b)Lª Lîi lªn ng«i vua vµo n¨m 1428. N¨m ®ã thuéc thÕ kØ ...
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    Bµi 31: Khoanh vµo ch÷ ®Æt tr-íc c©u tr¶ lêi ®óng:
    Ngµy 23 th¸ng 5 lµ thø 3. Ngµy 1 th¸ng 6 cïng n¨m ®ã lµ:
    A. Thø t- B. Thø n¨m C. Thø s¸u D. Thø b¶y
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    12. DẠNG TOÁN LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN CHUYỂN TỪ A


    SANG B ; B SANG C; C SANG ...
    Bài 1: Ba kho chứa 560 tấn thóc .Nếu chuyển 30 tấn từ kho thứ nhất sang kho thứ 2 Sau đó chuyển 25 tấn
    từ kho thứ 2 sang kho thứ 3 rồi chuyển 12 tấn từ kho thứ 3 sang kho thứ nhất thì số thóc ở 3 kho bằng
    nhau .Tính số thóc mỗi kho.
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    Bài 2 Ba kho chứa 240 tấn thóc .Nếu chuyển 25 tấn từ kho thứ nhất sang kho thứ 2 Sau đó chuyển 35 tấn
    từ kho thứ 2 sang kho thứ 3 thì số thóc ở 3 kho bằng nhau .Tính số thóc mỗi kho.
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    Bài 3: Ba lớp 4a;4b;4c. đi trồng cây cả 3 lớp trồng được 120 .Số cây lớp 4a và 4 b trồng được là 70 cây
    ;số cây lớp 4b và 4c là 90 cây ;số cây lớp 4c và 4a là 80 cây . Tính số cây mỗi lớp .
    (Tham khảo thêm Đề thi và phần Bài tập mở rộng)
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    13.DẠNG TOÁN KHỬ


    Bài 1: Mua 3 lọ mực và 4 cái bút hết 25000 đồng . Mua 5 lọ mực và 4 cái bút hết 31000 đồng .
    Tính giá tiền mỗi loại.
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    Bài 2: Minh mua 5 quyển vở và 8 quyển sách hết 75500 đồng. Tâm mua 3 quyển sách và 10 quyển vở hết
    73000 đồng. Tính giá tiền mỗi loại.
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    Bài 3: Mua 3 m vải hoa và 7 m vải xanh hết 370 000 đồng . Mua 4 m vải hoa và 5 m vai xanh phải trả
    320 000 Đồng. Tính giá tiền 1m vải mỗi loại.
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    Bài 4: Minh mua 5 quyển vở và 8 quyển sách hết 42000 đồng. Biết một quyển sách có giá gấp 2 lần 1
    quyển vở. Tính giá tiền mỗi loại
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    *Bài tập 1: Để học thủ công, tổ Một mua 10 cái kéo và 5 túi giấy màu hết tất cả 50.000 đồng. Tổ
    Hai cũng mua 8 cái kéo và 10 túi giấy màu như thế hết tất cả 52.000 đồng. Tính giá tiền một cái kéo, giá
    tiền một túi giấy màu?
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    *Bài tập 2: Văn phòng trường em lần đầu mua 24 cây bút bic và 12 cây bút chì hết tất cả 60.000
    đồng. Lần sau mua 10 cây bút bic và 8 cây bút chì hết tất cả 28.000 đồng. Hãy tính giá tiền mỗi cây bút
    từng loại?
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    1
    *Bài tập 3: Cô Thu mua 1 mét lụa và 1 mét vải hết tất cả 50.000 đồng. Cô Đông mua mét lụa
    2
    2
    và mét vải cùng loại như thế hết tất cả 23.000 đồng. Hỏi cô Xuân mua 8 mét lụa và 15 mét vải cùng
    5
    loại như thế phải trả bao nhiêu tiền?
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    4. Bài tập về nhà: Bạn Mai mua 3 lọ mực đỏ và 2 lọ mực xanh giá 23.000 đồng. Bạn Lan cũng
    mua 2 lọ mực đỏ và 3 lọ mực xanh mực như thế hết 22.000 đồng. Tính giá tiền một lọ mực mỗi loại?
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    14. MỘT SỐ BÀI TOÁN VỀ TÍNH TUỔI


    Bài 1: Năm nay con 4 tuổi và kém cha 35 tuổi. Hỏi sau bao nhiêu năm nữa thì 2 lần tuổi cha bằng 7 lần
    tuổi con ?
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    Bài 2: Cách đây 3 năm, em lên 5 tuổi và kém anh 8 tuổi. Hỏi cách đây mấy năm thì tuổi anh gấp 3 lần
    tuổi em ?
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    Bài 3: Tuổi cha năm nay gấp 4 lần tuổi con và tổng số tuổi của 2 cha con cộng lại là 50 tuổi. Hãy tính
    tuổi của 2 cha con khi tuổi cha gấp 4 lần tuổi con.
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    4 2
    Bài 4: Hùng hơn Cường 6 tuổi, biết rằng tuổi của Hùng bằng tuổi của Cường. Tính tuổi của mỗi
    7 3
    người.
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    Bài 5: Năm nay tuổi mẹ gấp 3 lần tuổi con. 8 năm trước tuổi mẹ gấp 7 lần tuổi con.Tìm tuổi mỗi người
    hiện nay.
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    Bài 6: Tuổi của bà, của mẹ và của Mai năm nay cộng được 100 năm.Bạn hãy tính tuổi của mỗi người,
    biết rằng, tuổi của Mai có bao nhiêu ngày thì tuổi của mẹ có bấy nhiêu tuần và tuổi của Mai có bao nhiêu
    tháng thì tuổi của bà có bấy nhiêu năm.
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    Bài 7: Tuổi em năm nay nhiều hơn hiệu số tuổi của 2 chị em là 15. Tổng số tuổi của 2 chị em cùng nhỏ
    hơn 2 lần tuổi của chị là 3. Tính tuổi mỗi người.
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    Bài 8: 8 năm về trước tổng số tuổi của ba cha con cộng lại là 48. 8 năm sau cha hơn con lớn 26 tuổi và
    hơn con nhỏ 34 tuổi. Tính tuổi của mỗi người hiện nay.
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    Bài 9: Hai năm trước đây tuổi hai chú cháu cộng lại bằng 24. Hỏi sau mấy năm nữa thì tuổi chú gấp 4 lần
    tuổi cháu? Biết rằng 2 năm trước tuổi cháu có bao nhiêu ngày thì tuổi chú có bấy nhiêu tuần .
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    Bài 10: Tuổi em hiện nay gấp 2 lần tuổi em khi anh bằng tuổi em hiện nay.Khi tuổi em bằng tuổi anh
    hiện nay thì 2 lần tuổi em lớn hơn tuổi anh lúc đó 15 tuổi. Tính tuổi hiện nay của mỗi người.
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    Bài 11: Khi tuổi chị bằng tuổi em hiện nay thì tuổi chị lớn hơn 3 lần tuổi em là 3 tuổi. đến khi chị 34 tuổi
    thì tuổi em bằng tuổi chị hiện nay.Tìm tuổi của 2 chị em hiện nay.
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    Bài 12: Tuổi bố năm nay gấp 2,3 lần tuổi con. 25 năm về trước, tuổi bố gấp 8,3 lần tuổi con. Hỏi khi tuổi
    bố gấp 3 lần tuổi con thì con bao nhiêu tuổi?
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    Bài 13: Hai người bạn gặp nhau. Một người hỏi bạn mình :" Các con của anh bao nhiêu tuổi?" Người thứ
    hai trả lời:
    "Tôi có hai đứa con trai : tuổi tôi gấp 4 lần tuổi đứa thứ nhất và gấp 7lần đứa thứ hai".
    Hỏi ông bố bao nhiêu tuổi và các con của ông bao nhiêu tuổi?
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    Bài 14: Ba người có tên là A, B, C cùng ở trong 1 buồng của toa xe lửa. Trong khi trò
    chuyện mới biết rằng:
    - Nếu đổi chỗ các chữ số trong tuổi của A thì được tuổi của B
    - Hiệu của tuổi giữa A và B gấp đôi số tuổi của C
    - Tuổi của B gấp 10 lần tuổi của C
    Hỏi mỗi người bao nhiêu tuổi?
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    Bài 15 : Người ta hỏi một ông già rằng ông đã tham gia quân đội trong bao lâu, ông trả lời:Số năm tham
    gia quân đội của tôi bằng 1/27 tuổi của tôi hay bằng 1/7 tuổi của cháu tôi hoặc bằng đúng tuổi của con trai
    tôi. Ngoài ra tuổi của tôi gần số 90 hơn là gần số 100. Hỏi ông già đã tham gia quân đội trong bao lâu?
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    Bài 16 : An hỏi Hà: “ Năm nay anh bao nhiêu tuổi? ” Anh Hà trả lời: “ Nếu sang năm lấy tuổi của anh
    nhân với 6 sẽ được một số có 3 chữ số trong đó chữ số hàng trăm là 1, còn chữ số hàng chục và chữ số
    hàng đơn vị chính là chữ số hàng hàng chục và chữ số hàng đơn vị của tuổi anh khi đó”. Hỏi anh Hà năm
    nay bao nhiêu tuổi?
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    Bài 17: Vào năm mới tuổi bố nhiều hơn tuổi anh là 29, tuổi mẹ nhiều hơn tuổi em là 25, hiệu của tuổi bố
    và tuổi mẹ gấp đôi hiệu của tuổi anh và tuổi em. Tính tuổi của mỗi người (bố, mẹ, anh và em) biết rằng
    tổng số tuổi của bốn người là 90.
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    Bài 18: Ngày đầu năm 1991, bác Nam hỏi anh Việt:
    - Năm nay cháu bao nhiêu tuổi?
    - Tuổi cháu năm nay đúng bằng tổng các chữ số của năm sinh - anh Việt trả lời.
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    Thế mà bác Nam tính ra ngay tuổi của anh Việt. Bác gật gù nói:
    - Lúc bác bằng tuổi cháu hiện nay, bác đang tham gia kháng chiến chống Pháp, và năm ấy cũng có tổng
    các chữ số bằng tuổi cháu.
    Anh Việt cũng tính đúng tuổi của bác Nam.
    Hỏi anh Việt và bác Nam sinh năm nào?
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    Bài 19: Trả lời về tuổi của mình, 1 người đàn ông nói như sau: "Cứ vào sinh nhật của tôi, cha tôi lại giết 1
    con cừu để ăn mừng, bộ da cừu ông xếp vào 1 chỗ. Tôi lớn lên lấy vợ cũng sinh được 1 thằng con trai,
    vào sinh nhật nào của nó tôi cũng lại giết cừu, cất bộ da vào 1 chỗ. Năm nay số da cừu của tôi bằng số da
    cừu của nó.
    Hỏi tuổi người đàn ông và con trai của ông ta là bao nhiêu?
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    Bài 20: Trong giờ nghỉ ở một hội nghị, các đồng nghiệp hỏi một giáo sư xem ông ta có mấy con và chúng
    bao nhiêu tuổi. Giáo sư trả lời:
    - Tôi có 3 con trai. Có sự trùng hợp lý thú là ngày sinh của chúng đều là ngày hôm nay, tuổi chúng cộng
    lại bằng ngày hôm nay và đem nhân với nhau thì tích là 36.
    Một đồng nghiệp nói:
    - Chỉ như vậy thì chưa xác định được tuổi của bọn trẻ.
    - Ồ, đúng vây. Tôi quên không nói thêm rằng: Khi chúng tôi chờ sinh đứa thứ 3 thì 2 đứa lớn đã được gửi
    về quê với ông bà.
    - Xin cám ơn ngài, giờ thì tôi đã biết tuổi của bọn trẻ rồi.
    Vậy tuổi của mỗi cậu con trai là bao nhiêu và ngày hôm đó là ngày nào trong tháng?
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    Bài 1 Hiện nay tuổi em bằng 2/3 tuổi anh .Đến khi tuổi em bằng tuổi anh hiện nay thì tổng số tuổi của hai
    anh em là 49 tuổi .
    tính tuổi hiện nay của mỗi người.
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    Bài 2 Hiện nay bố gấp 6 lần tuổi con . 4 năm nữa bố gấp 4 lần tuổi con .Tính tuổi hiên nay của mỗi
    người.

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    Bài 3 Tổng số tuổi của ông ,bố và cháu là 120 tuổi .Tính tuổi mỗi người biết tuổi ông là bao nhiêu năm
    thì cháu bấy nhiêu tháng và cháu bao nhiêu ngày thì bố bấy nhiêu tuần
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    Bài 4 Hiện nay tuổi mẹ gấp 4 lần tuỏi con . Năm năm nữa tuổi mẹ gấp 3 lần tuổi con .Tính tuổi hiện nay
    của mỗi người.
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    Bài 5: Tuổi của con hiện nay bằng 1/2 hiệu tuổi của bố và tuổi con. Bốn năm trước, tuổi con bằng 1/3
    hiệu tuổi của bố và tuổi con. Hỏi khi tuổi con bằng 1/4 hiệu tuổi của bố và tuổi của con thì tuổi của mỗi
    người là bao nhiêu ?
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    15. BÀI TOÁN GIẢ THIẾT TẠM


    VÝ dô 2: 12 con võa gµ võa thá, c¶ th¶y ®Õm ®-îc 32 ch©n. Hái cã bao nhiªu con gµ, bao nhiªu con
    thá.
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    VÝ dô: Cã 18 « t« gåm 3 lo¹i: Lo¹i 4 b¸nh chë ®-îc 5 tÊn, lo¹i 6 b¸nh chë ®-îc 6 tÊn vµ lo¹i 8 b¸nh
    chë ®-îc 6 tÊn. 18 xe ®ã chë ®-îc tÊt c¶ 101 tÊn hµng, vµ cã tÊt c¶ 106 b¸nh xe. Hái mçi lo¹i cã bao
    nhiªu xe?
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    Bµi to¸n 1:
    Cã 10 xe chë g¹o gåm hai lo¹i. Lo¹i 1 xe chë ®-îc 43 t¹ vµ lo¹i 1 xe chë ®-îc 32 t¹. TÊt c¶ ®· chë
    ®-îc 39 tÊn 8 t¹ g¹o. Hái cã bao nhiªu xe mçi lo¹i?
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    Bµi to¸n 2:
    Cã 8 sät ®ùng tÊt c¶ 1120 qu¶ võa cam võa quýt. Mçi sät cam ®ùng ®-îc 75 qu¶, mçi sät quýt ®ùng
    ®-îc 179 qu¶. Hái mçi lo¹i cã bao nhiªu qu¶?
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    Bµi to¸n 3:
    Mét bÕp ¨n mua 200 con võa Õch võa cua bÓ. Tæng sè ch©n ®Õm ®-îc lµ 1400 ch©n (cµng cua xem
    nh- ch©n cua). Hái cã bao nhiªu con mçi lo¹i.
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    Bµi to¸n 4:
    Cã 15 « t« gåm 3 lo¹i: Lo¹i 4 b¸nh chë ®-îc 5 tÊn, lo¹i 6 b¸nh chë ®-îc 10 tÊn vµ lo¹i 6 b¸nh chë
    ®-îc 8 tÊn. 15 xe ®ã chë ®-îc tÊt c¶ 121 tÊn hµng, vµ cã tÊt c¶ 84 b¸nh xe. Hái mçi lo¹i cã bao nhiªu xe.
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    Bµi to¸n 5: Cã 15 « t« gåm 3 lo¹i, lo¹i 4 b¸nh chë 5 tÊn, lo¹i 4 b¸nh chë 6 tÊn, lo¹i 6 b¸nh chë 8
    tÊn. Hái sè xe mçi lo¹i lµ bao nhiªu, biÕt tæng sè b¸nh xe lµ 70 b¸nh, tæng sè hµng chë ®-îc lµ 93 tÊn.
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    16. CÁC BÀI TOÁN LIÊN QUAN TRỒNG CÂY

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    17. MỘT SỐ BÀI TOÁN GIẢI NGƯỢC TỪ CUỐI


    Bài 1: Lan có một số nhãn vở .Lan tặng Mai 1/2 số nhãn vở và 1chiếc .Lan tặng Hoà 1/2 số
    nhãn vở còn lại và 2 chiếc .Lan tặng Nga 1/2 số nhãn vở còn lại sau 2 lần và 3 chiếc .Cuối cùng Lan còn
    lại 6 chíêc cho Mình .Hỏi Lan có tất cả bao nhiêu nhãn vở ,và tặng mỗi bạn bao nhiêu nhãn vở.
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    Bài 2, Một bà đem trứng đi chợ bán .Lần đầu bà bán 1/2 số trứng và 1/2 quả trứng .Lần 2 bà bán 1/2 số
    trứng còn lại và 1/2 quả trứng .Lần thứ 3 bà bán 1/2 Số trứng còn lại sau 2 lần đầu và 1/2 quả trứng nữa
    thì vừa hết . Hỏi bà đem ra chợ bán bao nhiêu quả trứng.
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    Bài 3: Mai có một số bông hồng ,Mai tặng Nga 1/2 số hoa Mai có .Tặng Đào 1/2 số còn lại .Cuối cùng
    Mai còn 7 Bông dành cho mình .Hỏi Mai đã tặng mỗi bạn bao nhiêu bông hoa.
    (Tham khảo thêm Đề thi và phần Bài tập mở rộng)
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    1. T×m mét sè biÕt r»ng, sè ®ã trõ 80, ®-îc bao nhiªu nh©n víi 5 råi céng víi 192 th× b»ng 792.

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    2. MÑ cho hai anh em mét sè tiÒn ®Ó mua s¸ch. NÕu anh cho em mét sè tiÒn ®óng b»ng sè tiÒn cña em, råi
    em l¹i cho anh mét sè tiÒn ®óng b»ng sè tiÒn cßn l¹i cña anh th× em cã 35000 ®ång vµ anh cã 30000 ®ång.
    Hái mÑ ®· cho mçi ng-êi bao nhiªu tiÒn ?
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    3. Cã ba hép bi A, B, C. LÇn ®Çu chuyÓn 10 bi tõ hép A sang hép B vµ 15 bi tõ hép C sang hép B. LÇn thø
    hai chuyÓn 6 bi tõ hép A sang hép B vµ 9 bi tõ hép B sang hép C. LÇn thø ba chuyÓn 20 bi tõ hép C sang
    hép A vµ 18 bi tõ hép B sang hép A. LÇn thø t- chuyÓn 9 bi tõ hép A sang hép B vµ 7 bi tõ hép C sang
    hép B, th× cuèi cïng hép A cã 190 bi, hép B cã 350 bi, hép C cã 280 bi. Hái lóc ®Çu mçi hép cã bao nhiªu
    bi ?
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    4. Mét ng-êi ra chî b¸n cam. LÇn thø nhÊt b¸n 1/2 sè cam céng thªm 1/2 qu¶. LÇn thø hai b¸n 1/2 sè
    cam cßn l¹i céng thªm 1/2 qu¶. LÇn thø ba b¸n 1/2 sè cam cßn l¹i céng thªm 1/2 qu¶. LÇn thø t- b¸n 1/2
    sè cam cßn l¹i céng 1/2 qu¶ th× võa hÕt. TÝnh sè cam ng-êi ®ã ®em b¸n.
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    5. (To¸n cæ). Mét tªn tham lam gÆp mét con quû ë c¹nh chiÕc cÇu. Tªn nµy than phiÒn vÒ nçi nghÌo
    khæ cña m×nh. Con quû nãi r»ng " T«i cã thÓ gióp anh. Cø mçi lÇn anh ®i qua cÇu th× sè tiÒn cña anh sÏ
    ®-îc t¨ng gÊp ®«i; nh-ng ngay sau ®ã anh ph¶i tr¶ cho t«i 24 xu. B»ng lßng chø ?". Tªn tham lam b»ng
    lßng nh- thÕ. Sau khi h¾n ®i qua cÇu ba lÇn th× thÊy trong tói cña m×nh kh«ng cßn mét xu nµo. Hái lóc ®Çu
    tªn tham lam cã bao nhiªu tiÒn ?
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    6. Trong mét buæi lao ®éng trång c©y ®Çu xu©n, líp 5A ®· chia sè c©y cho c¸c tæ lÇn l-ît nh- sau:
    Tæ Mét trång 20 c©y vµ 4/ 100 sè c©y cßn l¹i;
    Tæ Hai trång 21 c©y vµ 4/100 sè c©y cßn l¹i;
    Tæ Ba trång 22 c©y vµ 4/100 sè c©y cßn l¹i;
    ………………………………………………….
    Cø chia nh- vËy cho ®Õn tæ cuèi cïng th× võa hÕt sè c©y vµ sè c©y mçi tæ ®em trång ®Òu b»ng
    nhau. Hái líp 5 A cã mÊy tæ vµ mçi tæ ®-îc chia bao nhiªu c©y ?
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    7. Trong hép cã 130 bi. Hai b¹n ch¬i trß bèc bi. Mçi lÇn cã thÓ lÊy tõ 1 ®Õn 6 bi. Ai lÊy ®-îc viªn
    bi cuèi cïng ng-êi ®ã th¾ng cuéc. B¹n ®-îc bèc tr-íc, theo b¹n nªn lÊy nh- thÕ nµo ®Ó b¹n lu«n lµ ng-êi
    th¾ng cuéc ?
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    18. DẠNG TOÁN CÔNG VIỆC
    Bài 1:Bác An làm một công việc hết 8 giờ .Bác Bình cũng công việc ấy hết 5 giờ .Hỏi nếu 2 bác cùng
    làm công việc ấy thi sau bao nhiêu giờ sẽ hoàn thành?
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    Bài 2: Nếu bể không có nước vòi thứ nhất chảy trong 3 giờ sẽ đầy bể.Nếu bể không có nước vòi thứ 2
    chảy trong 5 giờ sẽ đầy bể .Hỏi nếu bể không có nước cùng 1 lúc cho cả 2 vòi chảy trì trong bao lâu sẽ
    đầy bể?
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    Bài 3: Bác Minh làm Một công việc hết 8 giờ .Bác Tâm cũng công việc ấy làm hết 5 giờ . Đầu tiên bác
    Minh làm một mình sau khi làm được 4 giờ thì bác Tâm đến làm cùng với bác Minh .Hỏi sau bao nhiêu
    lâu nữa thì hai bác làm xong công việc đó?
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    Bài 4:Bác An làm một công việc hết 8 giờ .Bác Bình cũng công việc ấy hết 5 giờ .Lúc đâu 2 bác cùng
    làm nhưng sau khi làm được 3 giờ do bận công việc nên bác Bình phải đi làm việc khác .Hỏi bác An còn
    phải làm bao lâu nữa mới hoàn thành công việc ?
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    Bài 5: Nếu bể không có nước vòi thứ nhất chảy trong 4 giờ sẽ đầy bể.Nếu bể không có nước vòi thứ 2
    chảy trong 5 giờ sẽ đầy bể .Khi bể không có nước người ta cho 2 vòi cùng chảy vào bể sau khi chảy được
    2 giờ người ta tắt vòi thứ nhất để vòi thứ 2 chảy tiếp .Hỏi sau bao nhiêu thời gian nữa thì bể đầy nước?
    (Tham khảo thêm Đề thi và phần Bài tập mở rộng)
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    Bài 1 : Sơn và Hải nhận làm chung một công việc. Nếu một mình Sơn làm thì sau 3 giờ sẽ xong việc, còn
    nếu Hải làm một mình thì sau 6 giờ sẽ xong công việc đó. Hỏi cả hai người cùng làm thì sau mấy giờ sẽ
    xong công việc đó.
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    Bài 2 : Hai vòi nước cùng chảy vào bể nước thì sau 1 giờ 12 phút sẽ đầy bể. Nếu một mình vòi thứ nhất
    chảy thì sau 2 giờ sẽ đầy bể. Hỏi nếu một mình vòi thứ hai chảy thì mấy giờ đầy bể ?
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    Bài 3 : Ba người dự định đắp xong một con đường. Người thứ nhất có thể đắp xong con đường đó trong 3
    tuần. Người thứ hai có thể đắp xong một con đường dài gấp 3 lần con đường đó trong 8 tuần. Người thứ
    ba có thể đắp xong một con đường dài gấp 5 lần con đường đó trong 12 tuần. Hỏi cả ba người cùng đắp
    con đường dự định ban đầu thì sẽ hoàn thành trong bao nhiêu giờ, nếu mỗi tuần làm việc 45 giờ ?
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    19.BÀI TOÁN CHIA GIA TÀI


    *Đề : Một ông nhà giàu khi vợ đang mang thai thì mắc bệnh hiểm nghèo, trước lúc lâm chung ông ta để
    lại “Di chúc ” : Sau khi qua đời nếu vợ sinh con trai thì gia tài cho con trai 2/3 và vợ 1/3; Nếu sinh con
    gái thì con gái 1/3; vợ 1/3; còn lại 1/3 làm từ thiện. Nhưng thực tế sau khi ông ta chết, vọ sinh đôi : 1 con
    trai và 1 con gái.
    Hỏi Tòa án dân sự phải xử chia gia tài cho họ như thế nào ? Mỗi người được hưởng bao nhiêu phần ?
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    *Đề : Một ông nhà giàu khi vợ đang mang thai thì mắc bệnh hiểm nghèo, trước lúc lâm chung ông ta để
    lại “Di chúc ” : Sau khi qua đời nếu vợ sinh con trai thì gia tài cho con trai 2/3 và vợ 1/3; Nếu sinh con
    gái thì con gái 1/3; vợ 1/3; còn lại 1/3 làm từ thiện. Nhưng thực tế sau khi ông ta chết, vọ sinh đôi : 1 con
    trai và 1 con gái.
    Hỏi Tòa án dân sự phải xử chia gia tài cho họ như thế nào ? Mỗi người được hưởng bao nhiêu phần ?
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    20.DÙNG SƠ ĐỒ DIỆN TÍCH ĐỂ GIẢI TOÁN BA ĐẠI


    LƯỢNG
    Bài 1: Một ôtô đi từ Vinh đến Hà Nội dự định đi với vận tốc 30 km/h. Nhưng do trời mưa nên chỉ đi được
    25 km/h, nên đến Hà Nội muộn mất 2 giờ so với thời gian dự định. Tính quãng đường Vinh - Hà Nội?
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    Bài 2: Bố bạn An năm nay 30 tuổi. Nếu lấy số tuổi bố bạn An cách đây 5 năm và số tuổi của An bây giờ
    cộng với 2 rồi nhân hai số đó với nhau thì cũng bằng số tuổi bố bạn An bây giờ nhân với số tuổi bạn An
    bây giờ. Tính tuổi bạn An bây giờ?
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    TOÁN 4 – HỌC KÌ 2
    NÂNG CAO THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
    ph©n sè

    21/ph©n sè - RÚT GỌN PHÂN SỐ


    4 3 6
    Bài 137: Viết các phân số sau theo thứ tự từ bé đến lớn: ; ;
    7 7 7
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    Bài 141: So sánh
    3 2 3 7 8 9
    a) + b)  c) 
    4 4 8 8 10 10
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    3 2
    Bài 149: Khu đất nhà Lan có diện tích đất làm nhà, diện tích dùng để trồng rau. Hỏi:
    5 7
    a)Diện tích đất làm nhà và trồng rau bằng bao nhiêu phần diện tích của khu vườn?
    a) Diện tích làm nhà nhiêu hơn diện tích trồng rau bao nhiêu phần diện tích khu đất?
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    Bài 150: Tìm x
    3 4 7 3 3 9 9 2
    a) x   b) x c) x   d)  x 
    4 3 12 2 11 22 2 9

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    3
    Bài 151: Trong số các bài kiểm tra giữa kì II của khối lớp 4, có số bài đạt điểm khá. Biết số bài đạt
    7
    29
    điểm khá và giỏi là 35 số bài kiểm tra. Hỏi số bài đạt điểm giỏi chiếm bao nhiêu phân số bài kiểm tra?
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    Bµi 154: T×m sè tù nhiªn x sao cho:  
    7 10 7
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    Bµi 155: T×m hai ph©n sè biÕt r»ng hai ph©n sè ®ã ®Òu cã mÉu sè lµ 8, c¸c tö sè cÇn t×m lµ hai sè tù nhiªn
    3
    liªn tiÕp vµ ph©n sè n»m gi÷a hai ph©n sè ®ã.
    5
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    Bµi 156: T×m hai ph©n sè biÕt r»ng hai ph©n sè ®ã ®Òu cã tö sè lµ 1, c¸c mÉu sè ph¶i t×m lµ hai sè tù nhiªn
    13
    liªn tiÕp vµ ph©n sè n»m gi÷a hai ph©n sè ®ã.
    84
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    22/So s¸nh ph©n sè


    Bµi 1: So s¸nh c¸c ph©n sè sau b»ng c¸ch hîp lÝ nhÊt:

    12 7 1998 1999
    a) vµ d) vµ PhÇn bï
    17 15 1999 2000
    1999 12
    b) vµ So s¸nh víi 1
    2001 11
    13 27 23 24
    c) vµ PhÇn bï g) vµ ( Trung gian)
    27 41 47 45
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    Bµi 2: So s¸nh c¸c ph©n sè sau b»ng c¸ch hîp lÝ nhÊt:
    15 5 3 17
    a) vµ PhÇn bï d) vµ SS víi 15/49
    25 7 8 49
    13 27 47 29
    b) vµ Trung gian26/120 e) vµ ( TS > MS)
    60 100 15 35
    1993 997 16 15
    c) vµ (997x2) SS phÇn bï g) vµ SS 16/29
    1995 998 27 29
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    Bµi 3: So s¸nh c¸c ph©n sè sau b»ng c¸ch hîp lÝ nhÊt:
    13 23 12 25
    a) vµ (SS phÇn bï) c) vµ SS 24/49
    15 25 25 49
    23 24
    b) vµ SS Trung gian
    28 27

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    Bµi 157: So s¸nh b»ng c¸ch hîp lÝ


    3 33 1313 13 22 11 13 7 2007 2006
    a) vµ ; vµ b) vµ c) vµ d) vµ
    7 77 1414 14 11 5 8 2 2006 2008
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    Bµi 158: Kh«ng quy ®ång mÉu sè h·y so s¸nh c¸c ph©n sè
    2007 2008 2 3 2 3 5 2 5 9 77 78
    a) vµ b) vµ c) vµ d) vµ e) vµ g) vµ
    2008 2009 3 4 13 14 14 11 6 10 78 79
    17 18 20 21
    h) vµ i) vµ
    18 19 21 22
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    Bµi 159: So s¸nh b»ng c¸ch hîp lÝ


    97 96 2007 2005 2007 2008 25 24
    a) vµ b) vµ c) vµ d) vµ
    96 95 2006 2004 2006 2007 24 23
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    Bµi 160: Kh«ng quy ®ång mÉu sè h·y so s¸nh
    4 3 11 13 45 47 20 19 45 44
    a) vµ b) vµ c) vµ d) vµ e) vµ
    9 10 19 18 97 96 31 33 46 47
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    Bµi 161: H·y chøng tá r»ng c¸c ph©n sè sau b»ng nhau
    7 77 777 123 123123 13 1313 131313
    a)   b)  c)  
    9 99 999 127 127127 15 1515 151515
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    Bµi 162: So s¸nh c¸c ph©n sè sau víi 1


    34  34 1991  1999
    a) b)
    33  35 1995  1995
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    Bµi 163: So s¸nh c¸c ph©n sè sau (víi n lµ sè tù nhiªn)
    n 1 n3 n n 1
    a) vµ b) vµ
    n2 n4 n3 n4
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    Bµi 164: So s¸nh c¸c ph©n sè sau(a lµ sè tù nhiªn kh¸c 0)
    a 1 a3 a a 1
    a) vµ b) vµ
    a a2 a6 a7
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    23/ TÌM PHÂN SỐ CỦA MỘT SỐ


    2
    Bài 165: Lớp 4A có 27 học sinh, trong đó số bạn nữ bằng số học sinh cả lớp. Tìm số học sinh nam?
    3
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    3
    Bài 166: Lớp 4B có 10 bạn nữ, số bạn nam bằng số bạn nữ. Tìm số bạn nam?
    2
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    4
    Bài 167: Một sân trường hình chữ nhật có chiều rộng bằng 90m, chiều dài bằng chiều rộng. Tính
    3
    diện tích sân trường đó.
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    2
    Bài 168: Nam có 27 viên bi gồm hai màu vàng và đỏ, trong đó số bi màu vàng bằng tổng số bi. Tìm số
    3
    bi màu đỏ?
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    3
    Bài 169: An có 10 quyển vở, Bình có số vở bằng số vở của An. Bình có bao nhiêu quyển vở?
    2
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    2
    Bài 170: Một sân trường hình chữ nhật có chiều dài bằng 90m, chiều rộng bằng chiều dài. Tính diện
    3
    tích sân trường đó.
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    1
    Bµi 171: C¶ 3 ng-êi thî lµm c«ng ®-îc 270 000 ®ång. Ng-êi thø nhÊt ®-îc sè tiÒn, ng-êi thø hai ®-îc
    2
    2
    sè tiÒn. TÝnh tiÒn cña ng-êi thø ba.
    5
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    1 1
    Bµi 17 2: Hai ng-êi chia nhau 720 000 ®ång. Ng-êi thø nhÊt ®-îc sè tiÒn, ng-êi thø hai ®-îc sè
    6 8
    tiÒn, sè tiÒn cßn l¹i lµ cña ng-êi thø ba. Hái ng-êi thø ba ®-îc bao nhiªu tiÒn?
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    1
    Bµi 1: C¶ ba ng-êi thî lµm c«ng ®-îc 270000 ®ång. Ng-êi thø nhÊt ®-îc sè tiÒn. Ng-êi thø hai ®-îc
    3
    2
    sè tiÒn. TÝnh sè tiÒn cña ng-êi thø ba.
    5
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    1 1
    Bµi 2: Hai ng-êi chia nhau 720000 ®ång. Ng-êi thø nhÊt ®-îc sè tiÒn. Ng-êi thø hai ®-îc sè tiÒn.
    6 8
    Sè tiÒn cßn l¹i lµ cña ng-êi thø ba. Hái ng-êi thø ba ®-îc chia bao nhiªu tiÒn?
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    2 4
    Bµi 3: Ba b¹n chia nhau 30 qu¶ cam. Nam lÊy sè cam, Ph-îng lÊy sè cam b»ng sè cam cña Mai.
    5 5
    Hái mçi b¹n ®-îc bao nhiªu qu¶ cam?
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    1 1
    Bµi 4: Hai anh em cã tÊt c¶ 40 viªn bi, biÕt sè bi cña em b»ng sè bi cña anh. TÝnh sè bi cña mçi
    3 5
    ng-êi.
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    1 1
    Bµi 5: HiÖn nay mÑ h¬n con 24 tuæi, biÕt tuæi cña con b»ng tuæi cña mÑ.TÝnh tuæi cña mçi ng-êi.
    3 11
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    Bµi 6: Líp 5A cã sè häc sinh n÷ b»ng sè häc sinh nam. BiÕt sè häc sinh n÷ kÐm sè häc sinh nam lµ
    2 5
    15 b¹n. TÝnh sè häc sinh n÷ vµ sè häc sinh nam.
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    Bµi 7: Líp 5A cã 35 häc sinh, biÕt sè häc sinh nam b»ng sè häc sinh n÷. TÝnh sè häc sinh nam vµ
    5 2
    häc sinh n÷.
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    2
    Bµi 8: Ba khu vùc A, B, C cã tæng sè d©n lµ 12000 ng-êi. TÝnh sè d©n mçi khu vùc, biÕt sè d©n khu
    3
    5 4
    vùc A b»ng sè d©n khu vùc B vµ b»ng sè d©n khu vùc C.
    10 10
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    3 1
    Bµi 9: Hai anh em ®i mua s¸ch hÕt 112000 ®ång. BiÕt sè tiÒn s¸ch cña em b»ng sè tiÒn cña anh. Hái
    5 3
    mçi ng-êi mua hÕt bao nhiªu tiÒn s¸ch?
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    24/ t×m sè khi biÕt gi¸ trÞ mét ph©n sè cña


    nã
    2
    Bµi 1: Mét xe m¸y ngµy thø nhÊt ®i ®-îc qu·ng ®-êng, ngµy thø hai ®i
    5
    1
    ®-îc qu·ng ®-êng, ngµy thø ba ®i thªm 40km n÷a th× võa hÕt qu·ng ®-êng. Hái qu·ng ®-êng
    3
    xe m¸y ®i trong ba ngµy lµ bao nhiªu ki-l«-mÐt?
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    Bµi 2: Mét ng-êi b¸n hµng v¶i, lÇn thø nhÊt b¸n sè v¶i, lÇn thø hai b¸n sè v¶i th× cßn l¹i 7m. Hái
    2 3
    tÊm v¶i ®ã dµi bao nhiªn mÐt?
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    Bµi 3: Mét bÇy ong ®i t×m mËt, sè ong bay ®Õn v-ên nh·n, sè ong bay ®Õn v-ên hång, cßn l¹i 5 con
    2 3
    ®ang bay ®Õn v-ên xoµi. Hái bÇy ong ®ã cã bao nhiªu con?
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    2 3
    Bµi 4: Tæng sè tuæi cña ba cha con lµ 85 tuæi. Tuæi con g¸i b»ng tuæi bè, tuæi cña con trai b»ng tuæi
    5 4
    cña con g¸i. TÝnh tuæi cña mçi ng-êi.
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    1 2
    Bµi 5: Ba thïng ®ùng 52 lÝt x¨ng. Thïng thø nhÊt ®ùng b»ng thïng thø ba, thïng thø hai ®ùng b»ng
    2 3
    thïng thø ba. TÝnh xem mçi thïng ®ùng bao nhiªu lÝt x¨ng?
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    1 3
    Bµi 6: Mét cöa hµng b¸n tÊm v¶i lµm ba lÇn. LÇn thø nhÊt b¸n tÊm v¶i vµ 5m, lÇn thø hai b¸n sè v¶i
    3 7
    cßn l¹i vµ 3m, lÇn thø ba b¸n 17m v¶i th× võa hÕt. Hái lÇn mét, lÇn hai mçi lÇn b¸n bao nhiªu mÐt?
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    LuyÖn tËp

    1 3
    Bµi 2: Mét ng-êi b¸n hµng, lÇn mét b¸n sè trøng , lÇn thø hai b¸n sè trøng th× cßn l¹i 17 qu¶. Hái
    5 8
    ng-êi ®ã ®em b¸n bao nhiªu qu¶ tr-ng vµ mçi lÇn b¸n bao nhiªu qu¶?

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    2
    Bµi 3: Mét gi¸ s¸ch cã 3 ng¨n, biÕt sè s¸ch ë ng¨n thø nhÊt b»ng sè s¸ch ë ng¨n thø ba, sè s¸ch ë ng¨n
    3
    3
    thø hai b»ng sè s¸ch ë ng¨n thø nhÊt. BiÕt ng¨n thø thø ba nhiÒu h¬n ng¨n thø hai lµ 45 quyÓn.
    4
    TÝnh sè s¸ch ë mçi ng¨n.
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    3 2
    Bµi 4: Nhãm thî gÆt thø nhÊt gÆt ®-îc diÖn tÝch thöa ruéng. Nhãm thî gÆt thø hai gÆt ®-îc diÖn tÝch
    8 5
    thöa ruéng. Nhãm hai gÆt nhiÒu h¬n nhãm mét lµ 100m2. TÝnh diÖn tÝch mçi nhãm gÆt ®-îc.
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    4 4
    Bµi 5: Ba ®µn gµ, ®µn gµ thø nhÊt b»ng ®µn gµ thø hai. §µn gµ thø ba b»ng ®µn gµ thø hai. §µn thø
    3 6
    nhÊt nhiÒu h¬n ®µn gµ thø ba 24 con. Hái mçi ®µn cã bao nhiªu con?
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    13 5
    Bµi 6: Mét « t« ®i trong 2 ngµy ®-îc qu·ng ®-êng. Ngµy thø 2 ®i ®-îc qu·ng ®-êng vµ ®i nhiÒu
    14 7
    h¬n ngµy thø nhÊt 35km. Hái mçi ngµy « t« ®i ®-îc bao nhiªu ki-l«-mÐt?
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    Bµi 7: Mai vµ Hång ®i mua s¸ch. Sau khi mua mai mua hÕt sè tiÒn mang ®i, Hång tiªu hÕt sè tiÒn
    4 3
    Hång mang ®i th× c¶ hai cßn l¹i 20600®ång, Trong ®ã Mai cßn nhiÒu h¬n Hång 600®ång. Hái mçi
    b¹n mang ®i bao nhiªu tiÒn?
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    2 3
    Bµi 8: ChÞ T- mang ®i chî mét ræ cam. LÇn ®Çu chÞ b¸n ®-îc sè cam, lÇn sau chÞ b¸n ®-îc sè cam
    5 4
    cßn l¹i. Sau hai lÇn b¸n chÞ cßn l¹i 21 qu¶ cam. Hái ræ cam ban ®Çu cã bao nhiªu qu¶?
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    3
    Bµi 9: Ng-êi l¸i xe tr-íc khi ®i thÊy chØ cßn thïng x¨ng, sî kh«ng ®ñ ng-êi ®ã mua thªm 15 lÝt x¨ng
    5
    3
    n÷a. Khi vÒ tíi nhµ anh thÊy chØ cßn thïng x¨ng vµ tÝnh ra xe tiªu thô hÕt 30 lÝt x¨ng trong
    10
    chuyÕn ®i ®ã. Hái thïng x¨ng chøa bao nhiªu lÝt x¨ng?
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    1 2
    Bµi 10: Ba anh em Nam, H¶i, TÊn ®-îc mÑ cho mét sè tiÒn . Nam ®-îc sè tiÒn, H¶i ®-îc sè tiÒn, sè
    4 5
    tiÒn cßn l¹i lµ cña TÊn. Hái mçi ng-êi ®-îc mÑ cho bao nhiªu tiÒn, biÕt sè tiÒn mÑ cho TÊn h¬n
    Nam 6000®ång?
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    Bµi 12: §Çu xu©n Êt DËu gia ®×nh b¸c An nu«i 268 con gµ gåm 3 lo¹i: gµ vµng, gµ tr¾ng, gµ khoang. BiÕt
    5 7
    sè gµ tr¾ng b»ng sè gµ vµng, sè gµ khoang b»ng sè gµ tr¾ng. TÝnh sè gµ mçi lo¹i.
    6 9
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    1 1
    Bµi 13: Ba xe chë g¹o lªn nói sè g¹o chë trªn xe thø nhÊt b»ng sè g¹o chë trªn xe
    4 3
    1
    thø 2 vµ b»ng sè g¹o chë trªn xe thø 3. Xe thø 3 chë nhiÒu h¬n xe thø 2 lµ 6 tÊn. Hái mçi xe
    5
    chë bao nhiªu tÊn g¹o?
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    3 2
    Bµi 14: Cóc võa ®-îc th-ëng mét sè tiÒn. Cóc lÊy sè tiÒn ®em ®i chî, Cóc ®· mua hÕt sè tiÒn mang
    5 3
    ®i. Sè tiÒn cßn l¹i Cóc ®em vÒ 27 000 ®ång. Hái sè tiÒn Cóc ®-îc th-ëng lµ bao nhiªu?
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    2
    Bµi 15: Mét to¸n c«ng nh©n nhËn lµm mét ®o¹n ®-êng trong 3 tuÇn. TuÇn ®Çu lµm ®-îc
    5
    2
    ®o¹n ®-êng. TuÇn thø 2 lµm ®-îc ®o¹n ®-êng b»ng tuÇn ®Çu. TuÇn thø 3 lµm ®-îc 450m th×
    3
    hÕt ®o¹n ®-êng. Hái:
    a) §o¹n ®-êng dµi bao nhiªu mÐt?
    b) Hai tuÇn ®Çu, mçi tuÇn lµm ®-îc bao nhiªu mÐt?

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    25. T×m hai sè khi biÕt tæng vµ tØ sè cña hai


    sè ®ã
    Bµi 1: MÑ em tr¶ hÕt tÊt c¶ 84600 ®ång ®Ó mua mét sè tr¸i c©y gåm cam, t¸o vµ lª. T¸o gi¸ 2100 ®ång 1
    qu¶, cam gi¸ 1600 ®ång 1 qu¶ vµ lª gi¸ 3500 ®ång mét qu¶. BiÕt mÑ em ®· mua sè cam b»ng 2 lÇn
    sè t¸o vµ sè t¸o b»ng 2 lÇn sè lª. T×m sè qu¶ mçi lo¹i mÑ em ®· mua.
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    Bµi 2: Mét cöa hµng rau qu¶ cã 185,5kg chanh vµ cam. Sau khi b¸n, ng-êi b¸n hµng thÊy r»ng: l-îng
    1
    chanh ®· b¸n b»ng l-îng cam ®· b¸n vµ l-îng chanh cßn l¹i nhiÒu h¬n l-îng cam cßn l¹i
    4
    17,5kg. Hái cöa hµng ®ã ®· b¸n ®-îc bao nhiªu ki - l« - gam mçi lo¹i, biÕt r»ng ban ®Çu sè chanh
    2
    b»ng sè cam?
    3

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    1
    Bµi 3: Mét cöa hµng cã 215,5kg g¹o tÎ vµ g¹o nÕp. L-îng g¹o nÕp ®· b¸n b»ng l-îng g¹o tÎ ®· b¸n.
    4
    Sau khi b¸n, l-îng g¹o nÕp cßn l¹i h¬n l-îng g¹o tÎ cßn l¹i lµ 25,9kg. Hái cöa hµng ®· b¸n bao
    2
    nhiªu ki - l« - gam mçi lo¹i, biÕt r»ng ban ®Çu g¹o nÕp b»ng g¹o tÎ?
    3
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    4 5
    Bµi 4: Mét cöa hµng rau qu¶ cã hai ræ ®ùng cam vµ chanh. Sau khi b¸n, sè cam vµ sè chanh th×
    7 9
    3
    ng-êi b¸n hµng thÊy cßn l¹i 160 qu¶ hai lo¹i. Trong ®ã sè cam b»ng sè chanh. Hái lóc ®Çu cöa
    5
    hµng cã bao nhiªu qu¶ mçi lo¹i?
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    Bµi 5: Ba líp cïng gãp b¸nh ®Ó liªn hoan cuèi n¨m. Líp A gãp 5kg b¸nh, líp B gãp 3kg
    b¸nh cïng lo¹i. Sè b¸nh ®ã ®ñ dïng cho c¶ 3 líp nªn líp C kh«ng ph¶i mua b¸nh
    mµ ph¶i tr¶ cho 2 líp kia lµ 24000 ®ång. Hái mçi líp A, B nhËn ®-îc bao nhiªu tiÒn? (Mçi líp gãp
    sè tiÒn nh- nhau).
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    Bµi 6: Tuæi vµ th¬ gãp b¸nh ¨n chung, Tuæi gãp 3 chiÕc, Th¬ gãp 5 chiÕc. Võa lóc ®ã, To¸n ®i tíi. Tuæi
    vµ Th¬ mêi To¸n ¨n cïng. ¡n xong To¸n tr¶ l¹i cho 2 b¹n 8000 ®ång. Hái Tuæi vµ Th¬ mçi ng-êi
    nhËn ®-îc bao nhiªu tiÒn?
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    Bµi 7: Trong thóng cã 150 qu¶ trøng gµ vµ trøng vÞt. MÑ ®· b¸n mçi lo¹i 15 qu¶. TÝnh ra sè trøng gµ cßn
    2
    l¹i b»ng sè trøng vÞt cßn l¹i. Hái lóc ®Çu trong thóng cã bao nhiªu trøng gµ, bao nhiªu trøng
    5
    vÞt?
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    Bµi 8: Trong thóng cã 210 qu¶ quýt vµ cam. MÑ ®· b¸n 60 qu¶ quýt. Lóc nµy, trong thóng cã sè quýt cßn
    2
    l¹i b»ng sè cam. Hái lóc ®Çu sè cam b»ng bao nhiªu phÇn sè quýt?
    3
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    Bµi 9: B¹n B×nh cã 22 viªn bi gåm bi ®á vµ bi xanh. B×nh cho em 3 viªn bi ®á vµ 2 viªn bi xanh. B¹n An
    l¹i cho B×nh thªm 7 viªn bi ®á n÷a. Lóc nµy, B×nh cã sè bi ®á gÊp ®«i sè bi xanh. Hái lóc ®Çu B×nh
    cã bao nhiªu viªn bi ®á, bao nhiªu viªn bi xanh?
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    Bµi 10: Trong mét khu v-ên, ng-êi ta trång tæng céng 120 c©y gåm 3 lo¹i: cam, chanh vµ xoµi. BiÕt sè
    2 1
    cam b»ng tæng sè chanh vµ xoµi, sè xoµi b»ng tæng sè chanh vµ sè cam. Hái mçi l¹i cã bao
    3 5
    nhiªu c©y?
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    Bµi 11: Dòng cã 48 viªn bi gåm 3 lo¹i: bi xanh, bi ®á vµ bi vµng. Sè bi xanh b»ng tæng sè bi ®á vµ bi
    vµng, sè bi xanh céng sè bi ®á gÊp 5 lÇn sè bi vµng. Hái mçi lo¹i cã bao nhiªu viªn bi?
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    Bµi 14: Ngµy xu©n 3 b¹n: HuÖ, H»ng, Mai ®i trång c©y. BiÕt r»ng tæng sè c©y cña 3 b¹n trång ®-îc lµ 17
    c©y. Sè c©y cña 2 b¹n HuÖ vµ H»ng trång ®-îc nhiÒu h¬n Mai trång lµ 3 c©y. Sè c©y cña HuÖ trång
    2
    ®-îc b»ng sè c©y cña H»ng. Em h·y tÝnh xem mçi b¹n trång ®-îc bao nhiªu c©y?
    3
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    2
    Bµi 173: T×m hai sè cã tæng b»ng 80. BiÕt sè bÐ b»ng sè lín
    3
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    Bµi 174: T×m hai sè cã trung b×nh céng b»ng 108, biÕt th-¬ng cña hai sè ®ã b»ng 5.
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    Bµi 175: T×m hai sè cã trung b×nh céng b»ng 231, biÕt r»ng nÕu thªm mét ch÷ sè 0 vµo bªn ph¶i sè bÐ th×
    ®-îc sè lín.
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    Bµi 176: Hai thïng dÇu cã tæng céng 126 lÝt, biÕt sè dÇu ë thïng thø nhÊt b»ng sè dÇu ë thïng thø hai.
    2
    Hái mçi thïng cã bao nhiªu lÝt dÇu?
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    Bµi 177: Dòng vµ Minh cã tæng céng 55 viªn bi, biÕt r»ng nÕu Dòng cho Minh 5 viªn bi th× sè bi cña
    4
    Minh sÏ b»ng sè bi cña Dòng. Hái mçi b¹n cã bao nhiªu viªn bi?
    7
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    Bµi 178: Hång vµ Lan cã tæng céng 40 quyÓn vë. 3 lÇn sè vë cña Hång th× b»ng 2 lÇn sè vë cña Lan. Hái
    mçi b¹n cã bao nhiªu vë?
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    Bµi 179: Hép bi gåm hai lo¹i xanh vµ ®á, cã tæng céng 49 viªn bi, biÕt r»ng sè bi xanh b»ng sè bi
    3 4
    ®á. Hái mçi lo¹i cã bao nhiªu viªn bi.
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    Bµi 180: Mét trang tr¹ing-êi ta nu«i mét sè ®µn gia sóc cã 104 con gåm hai lo¹i tr©u vµ bß, biÕt r»ng 3
    lÇn sè tr©u th× b»ng 5 lÇn sè bß. Hái trang tr¹i ®ã cã bao nhiªu con tr©u, bao nhiªu con bß?
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    Bµi 181: T×m hai sè cã tæng b»ng 295, biÕt r»ng nÕu lÊy sè lín chia cho sè bÐ th× ®-îc th-¬ng lµ 8 vµ sè
    d- lµ 7.
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    Bµi 182: Tæng sè tuæi cña hai «ng ch¸u lµ 65 tuæi, biÕt tuæi ch¸u bao nhiªu th¸ng th× tuæi «ng bÊy nhiªu
    n¨m. Hái «ng bao nhiªu tuæi, ch¸u bao nhiªu tuæi?
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    Bµi 183: HiÖn nay tuæi bè gÊp 4 lÇn tuæi con,biÕt r»ng 5 n¨m n÷a th× tæng sè tuæi cña hai bè con lµ 55 tuæi.
    Hái hiÖn nay bè bao nhiªu tuæi? con bao nhiªu tuæi?
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    Bµi 184: Tr-íc ®©y lóc tuæi anh b»ng tuæi em hiÖn nay th× tuæi anh gÊp ®«i tuæi em, hiÖn nay tæng sè tuæi
    cña hai anh em lµ 20 tuæi. Hái hiÖn nay anh bao nhiªu tuæi, em bao nhiªu tuæi.
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    26. T×m hai sè khi biÕt hiÖu vµ tØ sè cña hai


    sè ®ã
    Bµi 1: N¨m nay con 25 tuæi, nÕu tÝnh sang n¨m th× tuæi cha gÊp 2 lÇn tuæi con hiÖn nay. Hái lóc cha bao
    1
    nhiªu tuæi th× tuæi con b»ng tuæi cha?
    4
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    Bµi 2: Mét líp cã sè häc sinh nam b»ng sè häc sinh n÷. Sè häc sinh nam Ýt h¬n sè häc sinh n÷ 12
    3 5
    b¹n. TÝnh sè häc sinh nam, sè häc sinh n÷ cña líp ®ã.
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    Bµi 3: Cho mét ph©n sè cã tæng cña tö sè vµ mÉu sè lµ 4013 vµ mÉu sè lín h¬n tö sè lµ 1.
    a) H·y t×m ph©n sè ®ã.
    b) NÕu céng thªm 4455332 vµo tö sè th× ph¶i céng thªm vµo mÉu sè bao nhiªu ®Ó gi¸ trÞ cña ph©n
    sè kh«ng thay ®æi.
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    Bµi 4: Khi anh t«i 9 tuæi th× mÑ míi sinh ra t«i. Tr-íc ®©y, lóc mµ tuæi anh t«i b»ng tuæi t«i hiÖn nay th×
    2
    t«i chØ b»ng tuæi anh t«i. §è b¹n tÝnh ®-îc tuæi cña anh t«i hiÖn nay.
    5
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    Bµi 5: Mét cöa hµng cã sè bót ch× xanh gÊp 3 lÇn sè bót ch× ®á. Sau khi cöa hµng b¸n ®i 12
    bót ch× xanh vµ 7 bót ch× ®á th× phÇn cßn l¹i sè bót ch× xanh h¬n sè bót ch× ®á lµ 51
    c©y. Hái tr-íc khi b¸n mçi lo¹i bót ch× cã bao nhiªu chiÕc?
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    Bµi 6: Lõa vµ Ngùa cïng chë hµng. Ngùa nãi: “NÕu anh chë gióp t«i 2 bao hµng th× 2 chóng ta chë b»ng
    nhau”. Lõa nãi l¹i víi Ngùa: “Cßn nÕu anh chë gióp t«i 2 bao hµng th× anh sÏ chë gÊp 5 lÇn t«i”.
    Hái mçi con chë bao nhiªu bao hµng?
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    Bµi 7: BiÕt tuæi An c¸ch ®©y 6 n¨m b»ng tuæi An 6 n¨m tíi. Hái hiÖn nay An bao nhiªu tuæi?
    2 5
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    1
    Bµi 8: Cho mét sè tù nhiªn. NÕu thªm 28 ®¬n vÞ vµo sè ®ã ta ®-îc sè míi gÊp 2 lÇn sè cÇn t×m. T×m sè
    4
    tù nhiªn ®ã.
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    1
    Bµi 9: T×m hai sè cã hiÖu b»ng 252, biÕt sè bÐ b»ng tæng 2 sè ®ã.
    4
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    2
    Bµi 10: T×m 2 sè cã hiÖu b»ng 310, biÕt sè thø hai gÊp 4 lÇn sè thø nhÊt.
    3
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    1
    Bµi 11: T×m sè A, biÕt 4 lÇn sè A h¬n sè A lµ 2025 ®¬n vÞ.
    4
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    Bµi 184: T×m hai sè cã hiÖu b»ng 516, biÕt r»ng nÕu lÊy sè lín chia cho sè bÐ th× ®-îc th-¬ng b»ng 4.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    4
    Bµi 185:T×m hai sè biÕt tØ sè cña chóng b»ng vµ nÕu lÊy sè lín trõ ®i sè bÐ th× ®-îc kÕt qu¶ b»ng 360.
    7
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    Bµi 186:T×m hai sè cã hiÖu b»ng 333, biÕt r»ng nÕu viÕt thªm mét ch÷ sè 0 vµo bªn ph¶i sè bÐ th× ®-îc sè
    lín.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    1
    Bµi 187: T×m hai sè cã tØ sè lµ , biÕt r»ng sè lín lµ sè cã ba ch÷ sè vµ nÕu xãa ch÷ sè 4 ë hµng tr¨m cña
    9
    sè lín th× ®-îc sè bÐ.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 188: T×m hai sè cã hiÖu b»ng 165, biÕt r»ng nÕu lÊy sè lín chia cho sè bÐ th× ®-îc th-¬ng lµ 7 vµ cã
    sè d- lµ 3.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 189: HiÖn nay bè 32 tuæi, em 5 tuæi. Hái bao nhiªu n¨m n÷a tuæi cña bè gÊp 5 lÇn tuæi cña con.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 190 : T×m hai sè cã hiÖu b»ng 216, biÕt r»ng nÕu thªm mét ch÷ sè 0 vµo bªn ph¶i sè bÐ th× ®-îc sè
    lín.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 191: HiÖu cña hai sè b»ng 393, biÕt r»ng nÕu xo¸ ch÷ sè cuèi cña sè lín th× ®-îc sè bÐ.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 192: HiÖn nay bè 31 tuæi, con 4 tuæi. Hái bao nhiªu n¨m n÷a tuæi bè gÊp 4 lÇn tuæi con?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    1 1
    Bµi 193: BiÕt tuæi Thanh håi 6 n¨m tr-íc b»ng tuæi cña Thanh 6 n¨m tíi. Hái hiÖn Thanh bao nhiªu
    2 5
    tuæi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 194: HiÖn nay tæng sè tuæi cña hai bµ ch¸u lµ 72 tuæi, tuæi bµ gÊp 5 lÇn tuæi ch¸u. Hái c¸ch nay mÊy
    n¨m tuæi bµ gÊp 9 lÇn tuæi ch¸u?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    Bµi 195: HiÖn nay tuæi mÑ gÊp 4 lÇn tuæi con, tr-íc ®©y 6 n¨m tuæi mÑ gÊp 13 lÇn tuæi con. Hái hiÖn nay
    mÑ bao nhiªu tuæi? Con bao nhiªu tuæi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    27. t×m mét sè khi biÕt “Hai tØ sè”
    5
    Bµi 1: Mét gi¸ s¸ch cã hai ng¨n, sè s¸ch ë ng¨n d-íi b»ng sè s¸ch ë ng¨n trªn. NÕu ng¨n d-íi bít ®i
    6
    4
    11 quyÓn th× sè s¸ch ng¨n d-íi b»ng sè s¸ch ë ng¨n trªn. Hái trªn gi¸ cã bao nhiªu quyÓn
    7
    s¸ch?

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    1
    Bµi 2: Líp 5A cã sè häc sinh b»ng sè häc sinh cña líp. NÕu líp 5A bít ®i 2 b¹n n÷ th× sè häc sinh n÷
    3
    1
    b»ng sè häc sinh c¶ líp. Hái líp 5A cã bao nhiªu häc sinh?
    4
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    2
    Bµi 3: Líp 5A cã sè häc sinh n÷ b»ng sè häc sinh nam. NÕu hai b¹n n÷ chuyÓn ®i vµ thay vµo ®ã lµ
    3
    4
    hai b¹n nam th× sè häc sinh n÷ b»ng sè häc sinh nam. T×m sè häc sinh líp 5A.
    7
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    6
    Bµi 4: Mét gi¸ s¸ch gåm hai ng¨n. Sè s¸ch ë ng¨n d-íi b»ng sè s¸ch ë ng¨n trªn. NÕu thªm 15 cuèn
    5
    11
    s¸ch vµo ng¨n trªn th× sè s¸ch ë ng¨n trªn b»ng sè s¸ch ë ng¨n d-íi. Hái gi¸ s¸ch cã bao
    12
    nhiªu quyÓn?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    1
    Bµi 5: Giê ra ch¬i, líp 5A cã sè häc sinh trong líp b»ng sè häc sinh ngoµi
    4
    1
    s©n. NÕu cã hai b¹n tõ trong líp ra s©n th× sè häc sinh trong líp b»ng sè häc sinh ngoµi s©n.
    5
    TÝnh sè häc sinh líp 5A?
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    1
    Bµi 6: Giê ra ch¬i, líp 5A cã sè häc sinh trong líp b»ng sè häc sinh ngoµi s©n. NÕu sè häc sinh trong
    3
    1
    líp bít ®i 2 em vµ sè häc sinh ngoµi s©n gi÷ nguyªn th× sè häc sinh trong líp b»ng sè häc sinh
    4
    ngoµi s©n. TÝnh sè häc sinh líp 5A?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    1
    Bµi 7: Giê ra ch¬i, líp 5B cã sè häc sinh trong líp b»ng sè häc sinh ngoµi s©n. NÕu sè
    3
    häc sinh ngoµi s©n ®-îc t¨ng 12 em vµ gi÷ nguyªn sè häc sinh trong líp th× sè häc sinh trong líp
    1
    b»ng sè häc sinh ngoµi s©n. TÝnh sè häc sinh líp 5B?
    4
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    1
    Bµi 8: Giê ra ch¬i, líp 5B cã sè häc sinh trong líp b»ng sè häc sinh c¶ líp. NÕu sè häc
    4
    1
    sinh trong líp bít ®i 2 em vµ gi÷ nguyªn sè häc sinh ngoµi s©n th× sè häc sinh trong líp b»ng
    5
    sè häc sinh c¶ líp. TÝnh sè häc sinh líp 5B?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    1
    Bµi 9: §Çu n¨m häc, sè ®éi viªn tr-êng em b»ng sè häc sinh cßn l¹i cña tr-êng. §Õn cuèi häc k× I
    3
    2
    tr-êng kÕt n¹p thªm 210 häc sinh vµo ®éi nªn sè häc sinh cßn l¹i cña tr-êng b»ng sè ®éi viªn
    3
    cña tr-êng. Hái ®Õn cuèi häc k× I, sè ®éi viªn cña tr-êng lµ bao nhiªu em? BiÕt sè häc sinh cña
    tr-êng kh«ng thay ®æi.
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    1
    Bµi 10: Mét ng-êi b¸n mét tÊm v¶i ®-îc l·i gi¸ mua. NÕu ng-êi ®ã b¸n tÊm v¶i cao h¬n 40 000 ®ång
    5
    1
    n÷a th× sè tiÒn l·i b»ng gi¸ b¸n. Hái tÊm v¶i ®ã ®-îc b¸n víi gi¸ bao nhiªu tiÒn?
    5
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    1 2
    Bµi 11: HiÖn nay, tuæi con b»ng tuæi cha. Sau 15 n¨m n÷a th× tuæi con b»ng tuæi cha. TÝnh tuæi cña
    4 5
    mçi ng-êi hiÖn nay?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 12: HiÖn nay tuæi mÑ gÊp 4 lÇn tuæi con. N¨m n¨m sau tuæi mÑ gÊp 3 lÇn tuæi con. TÝnh tuæi hiÖn nay
    cña mçi ng-êi?
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    28. Ph©n sè - tØ sè phÇn tr¨m


    75
    Bµi 1: ViÕt tÊt c¶ c¸c ph©n sè b»ng ph©n sè mµ mÉu sè lµ sè trßn chôc vµ cã 2 ch÷ sè.
    100
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    21
    Bµi 2: ViÕt tÊt c¶ c¸c ph©n sè b»ng ph©n sè mµ mÉu sè cã 2 ch÷ sè vµ chia hÕt cho 2 vµ 3.
    39
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    7 3 2
    Bµi 3: ViÕt mçi ph©n sè sau thµnh tæng 3 ph©n sè cã tö sè lµ 1 nh-ng cã mÉu sè kh¸c nhau: ; ;
    8 8 3
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    Bµi 4: ViÕt mçi ph©n sè sau thµnh tæng 2 ph©n sè tèi gi¶n cã mÉu sè kh¸c nhau.
    7 13
    a) b)
    12 27
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    Bµi 5:
    4
    a) ViÕt 5 p/s cã tö sè b»ng nhau mµ mçi ph©n sè ®Òu lín h¬n nh-ng bÐ h¬n 1
    5
    1
    b) ViÕt 5 p/s cã mÉu sè b»ng nhau vµ mçi p/s ®Òu bÐ h¬n
    2
    1 2
    c) ViiÐt 3 p/s cã tö sè b»ng 1 mµ mçi p/s ®Òu lín h¬n nh-ng bÐ h¬n
    6 3
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    Bµi 6: H·y viÕt mçi ph©n sè sau thµnh tæng c¸c ph©n sè cã tö sè b»ng 1 vµ mÉu sè kh¸c nhau.
    31 15 25
    ; ; .
    12 16 27
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    Bµi 7: H·y viÕt tÊt c¶ c¸c ph©n sè cã tæng cña tö sè vµ mÉu sè b»ng 10.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    Bµi 8: T×m:
    1 1 1
    a) cña 6m c) cña
    2 10 5
    1 8 3
    b) cña 21kg d) cña
    7 9 4

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    1 1
    Bµi 9: BiÕt sè häc sinh cña líp 3A b»ng sè häc sinh cña líp 3B. H·y t×m tØ sè gi÷a sè häc sinh líp 3A
    2 3
    vµ häc sinh líp 3B.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    1
    Bµi 10: T×m sè häc sinh cña khèi líp 4, biÕt sè häc sinh cña khèi líp 4 lµ 50 em.
    3
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    29. CÁC BÀI TOÁN VỀ CẤU TẠO SỐ


    Bµi 2. Rót gän c¸c ph©n sè sau:

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    199...9
    a) (100 ch÷ sè 9 ë tö sè vµ 100 ch÷ sè 9 ë mÉu sè)
    999...95
    373737
    b) .
    414141
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    30.CÁC DẠNG TOÁN LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN PHÂN SỐ


    THÊM BỚT TỬ SỐ MẪU SỐ ,CẢ TỬ SỐ VÀ MẪU SỐ
    * TÌM PHÂN SỐ BIẾT TỔNG VÀ HIỆU CỦA TỬ SỐ VÀ
    MẪU SỐ.
    VD1:Cho phân số có tổng của tử số và mấu số là 68 Tìm phân số đó biết nếu chuyển 6 đơn vị từ mẫu số
    lên tử số thì phân số có giá trị bằng 1.
    * Tìm số tự nhiên a sao cho khi bớt cả tử số và mẫu số đi a đơn vị thì ta được phân số mới . (Hiệu sẽ
    không thay đổi dựa vào hiệu để giải)
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    VD2: Cho phân số 35/45 .Tìm số tự nhiên a sao cho khi ta bớt cả tử số và mẫu số di a đơn vị thì ta đợc
    phân số 2/3.
    *Tìm số tự nhiên a sao cho khi thêm cả tử số và mẫu số a đơn vị thì ta đợc phân số mới .( Hiệu sẽ không
    thây đổi dựa vào hiệu để giải)
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    VD3: Cho phân số 17/25 .Tìm số tự nhiên a sao cho khi ta bớt cả tử số và mẫu số di a đơn vị thì ta đợc
    phân số 2/3.
    -Tìm số tự nhiên a sao cho khi thêm (hoặc bớt) tử số đi a đơn vị ta được phân số mới .(Mẫu số không đổi
    cần dựa vào mẫu số để giải)
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    VD 4: Cho phân số 34/90 .Hỏi phải bớt tử số bao nhiêu đơn vị để đợc phân số có giá trị bằng 1/5
    *Tìm số tự nhiên a sao cho khi thêm hoặc bớt mẫu số a đơn vị ta được phân số mới. (Tử số không đổi cần
    dựa vào tử số để giải )
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    BÀI TÂP
    1. Cho phân số 35/54 Hỏi phải bớt tử số đi bao nhiêu đơn vị để đợc phân số 5/9.
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
    ..........................................................................................................................................................................
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    2.Cho phân số 15/54 Hỏi phải bớt mẫu số đi bao nhiêu đơn vị để được phân số 3/10.
    * Chuyển từ tử số xuống mẫu số a đơn vị (hoặc mẫu số lên tử số a đơn vị thì phân số có giá trị...) Tổng
    của tử số và mẫu số không thay đổi dựa vào tổng để giải .
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    Ví dụ : Cho phân số 13 /47 Hỏi phải chuyển bao nhiêu đơn vị từ tử số xuống mẫu số để được phân số 1/5.
    CHÚ Ý: Dạng bài này cần xác định hiệu của tử số và mẫu số (Lưu ý khi có cụm từ phân số bằng 1 nghĩa
    là tử số bằng mẫu số)
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    Bài 1: Cho phân số có tổng của tử số và mấu số là 68 Tìm phân số đó biết nếu chuyển 6 đơn vị từ mẫu số
    lên tử số thì phân số có giá trị bằng 1.
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    Bài 2. Cho phân số 35/54 Hỏi phải bớt tử số đi bao nhiêu đơn vị để đợc phân số 5/9.
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    Bài 3. Cho phân số 26/45. Hãy tìm số tự nhiên c sao cho thêm c vào tử số và giữ nguyên mẫu số , ta được
    phân số mới có giá trị bằng 2/3.
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    Bài 4. Cho phân số 25/37 . Hãy tìm số tự nhiên c sao cho đem mẫu số của phân số đã cho trừ đi c và giữ
    nguyên tử số ta được phân số mới có giá trị bằng 5/6.
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    Bài 5.
    Cho phân số a/b có b-a = 21. Phân số a/b sau khi rút gọn thì được phân số 16/23. Tìm phân số a/b.
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    Bài 6. Cho phân số 33/21. Hỏi cùng phải bớt đi ở cả tử số và mẫu số một số là bao nhiêu đê được một
    phân số mới có giá trị bằng 5/3.
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    Bài 7. Cho phân số 37/128. Hãy tìm số tự nhiên a sao cho khi bớt a ở tử số và thêm a vào mẫu số ta được
    phân số mới có giá trị bằng 2/9.
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    Bài 8. Cho phân số 39/69. Hãy tìm số tự nhiên m, sao cho thêm m vào cả tử số và mẫu số thì được phân
    số mới có giá trị bằng 3/5.
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    Bài 9. Cho phân số 234/369. Hỏi phải cùng bớt ở tử số và mẫu số bao nhiêu đơn vị để được phân số mới
    và rút gọn phân số mới đó, ta được phân số 5/8.
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    Bài 10. Cho phân số a/b có a + b = 136. Rút gọn phân số a/b thì được phân số 3/5. Tìm phân số đã cho.
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    Bài 11. Cho phân số a/b có hiệu giũa mẫu số và tử số là 18. Sau khi rút gọn phân số a/b ta được phân số
    5/7. Tìm phân số a/b.
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    Bài 12. Cho phân số m/n có giá trị bằng phân số 6/7. Nếu giảm tử số đi 12 đơn vị thì được phân số mới có
    giá trị bằng phân số 36/49. Tìm phân số m/n đã cho.
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    Bài 13. Hãy tìm 6 phân số tối giản ở giữa 1/5 và 3/8.
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    Bài 12. a, Viết các phân số sau theo thứ tự tăng dần: 3/4; 5/6; 7/8
    b, Hãy tím 5 phân số có tử số chia hết cho 5 và nằm giữa 9/10 và 11/13.
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    Bài 14. Viết các phân số sau thàh tổng của các phân có mẫu số khác nhau và có tử số đều bằng 1: a, 31/32
    ; b, 25/27.
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    Bài 15.: Hãy phân tích các phân số sau đây thành tổng của 3 phân số tối giản có cùng mẫu số:
    a, 13/36 b, 31/60
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    Bài 16. Tìm tổng của các phân số có tử số là 3, lớn hơn 1/6 nhưng bé hơn 1/5
    (Tham khảo thêm Đề thi và phần Bài tập mở rộng)
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    31.CÁC PHÂN SỐ NẰM GIỮA HAI SỐ


    Bài 1 : Hãy viết 5 phân số nằm giữa 2 phân số 2002/2003 và 2003/2004.
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    Bài 2 : Viết các phân số nằm giữa 1 và 2 mà tử số là 5.
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    Bài 3 : Có bao nhiêu phân số nằm giữa 2003 và 2004 có mẫu lớn hơn 50?

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    32. c¸c bµi to¸n gi¶i b»ng ph-¬ng ph¸p s¬ ®å


    ®o¹n th¼ng
    1
    Bµi 1: Mét hiÖu s¸ch ®em vÒ mét sè s¸ch TiÕng ViÖt líp 5. ChÞ b¸n hµng ®· ®em ra sè s¸ch ®ã ®Ó bµy
    5
    1
    b¸n. Sau khi b¸n ®-îc 4 cuèn chÞ b¸n hµng nhËn thÊy r¾ng sè s¸ch bµy ra b¸n lóc nµy b»ng sè
    5
    s¸ch ë trong kho. Hái chÞ b¸n hµng nhËn vÒ bao nhiªu cuèn s¸ch TiÕng ViÖt líp 5?
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    1
    Bµi 2: Mét hiÖu s¸ch ®em vÒ mét sè s¸ch TiÕng ViÖt líp 5. ChÞ b¸n hµng ®· ®em ra sè s¸ch ®ã ®Ó bµy
    5
    1
    b¸n. Sau khi b¸n ®-îc 4 cuèn chÞ b¸n hµng nhËn thÊy r¾ng sè s¸ch bµy ra b¸n lóc nµy b»ng sè
    6
    s¸ch ë trong kho. Hái chÞ b¸n hµng nhËn vÒ bao nhiªu cuèn s¸ch TiÕng ViÖt líp 5?
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    Bµi 3: Tæng sè tuæi cña 2 anh em hiÖn nay lµ 24, tÝnh tuæi cña mçi ng-êi, biÕt r»ng khi tuæi anh b»ng tuæi
    3
    em hiªn nay th× tuæi em b»ng tuæi anh hiÖn nay.
    5
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    Bµi 4: Bèn tæ häc sinh trång ®-îc tÊt c¶ 950m2 rau. BiÕt tæ 1 trång kÐm tæ 3 lµ 20m2, tæ 2 trång kÐm h¬n
    tæ 4 lµ 70m2, tæ 4 trång kÐm h¬n tæ 3 lµ 10m2. Hái mçi tæ trång ®-îc bao nhiªu mÐt vu«ng rau?
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    Bµi 5: ThÇy gi¸o ®iÒu 36 häc sinh líp 5B ®i lao ®éng vµ ®-îc chia lµm 3 tæ. Trong ®ã tæ 1 nhiÒu h¬n tæ 2
    lµ 4 häc sinh. Lóc sau thÇy l¹i chuyÓn 2 häc sinh tõ tæ 2 sang tæ 3 th× sè l-îng häc sinh lóc nµy
    cña 2 tæ b»ng nhau. Hái lóc ®Çu mçi tæ cã bao nhiªu häc sinh?
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    Bµi 6: Mét phÐp chia cã th-¬ng lµ 4 vµ sè d- lµ 2. Tæng cña sè bÞ chia, sè chia vµ sè d- lµ 29. T×m sè bÞ
    chia, sè chia trong phÐp chia ®ã.
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    Bµi 7: HiÖu cña 2 sè lµ 1217. NÕu gÊp sè trõ lªn 4 lÇn th× ®-îc sè míi lín h¬n sè bÞ trõ lµ 376. T×m sè bÞ
    trõ vµ sè trõ.
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    Bµi 8: HiÖu cña 2 sè lµ 4. NÕu gÊp mét sè lªn 3 lÇn vµ gi÷ nguyªn sè kia th× ®-îc hiÖu lµ 60. T×m 2 sè ®ã.
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    Bµi 9: Tæng cña 2 sè lµ 38570. Chia sè lín cho sè bÐ ®-îc th-¬ng lµ 3 d- 922. T×m hai sè ®ã.
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    Bµi 10: HiÖu cña 2 sè lµ 8210. Chia sè lín cho sè bÐ ®-îc th-¬ng lµ 206 d- 10. T×m 2 sè ®ã.
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    234
    Bµi 1: Cho ph©n sè . Hái ph¶i cïng bít ë tö sè vµ mÉu sè bao nhiªu ®¬n vÞ ®Ó ®-îc ph©n sè míi, rót
    369
    5
    gän ph©n sè míi ta ®-îc ph©n sè .
    8
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    a a 3 a
    Bµi 2: Cho ph©n sè cã a + b = 136. Rót gän ph©n sè ta ®-îc ph©n sè . T×m ph©n sè .
    b b 5 b
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    a a 5 a
    Bµi 3: Cho ph©n sè cã a + b = 108, khi rót gän ph©n sè ta ®-îc ph©n sè . T×m ph©n sè .
    b b 7 b
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    a a 5 a
    Bµi 4: Cho ph©n sè cã b - a = 18, khi rót gän ph©n sè ta ®-îc ph©n sè . T×m ph©n sè .
    b b 7 b
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    Bµi 5: Cho ph©n sè . H·y t×m sè tù nhiªn a sao cho khi bít a ë tö, thªm a vµo mÉu cña
    36
    4
    ph©n sè ta ®-îc ph©n sè míi. Rót gän ph©n sè míi ta ®-îc .
    5
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    26
    Bµi 6: Cho ph©n sè . H·y t×m sè tù nhiªn a sao khi thªm a ë tö sè vµ gi÷ nguyªn mÉu sè ta ®-îc ph©n
    45
    2
    sè míi cã gi¸ trÞ lµ .
    3
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    25
    Bµi 7: Cho ph©n sè . H·y t×m sè tù nhiªn a sao cho khi ®em mÉu sè trõ ®i a vµ gi÷ nguyªn tö sè ta
    37
    5
    ®-îc ph©n sè míi cã gi¸ trÞ lµ .
    6
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    43
    Bµi 8: Cho ph©n sè . H·y t×m sè tù nhiªn m sao cho khi lÊy c¶ tö sè vµ mÉu sè cña ph©n sè ®· cho trõ
    58
    1
    ®i sè tù nhiªn m ta ®-îc ph©n sè míi. Rót gän ph©n sè míi nµy ta ®-îc ph©n sè lµ .
    4
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