Modul Excellence Fizik 110222

JAWAPAN
Tingkatan 4 4 (a) (i) Arus/ Current, I

BAB
Pengukuran
(ii) Voltan/ Voltage, V
1 Measurement (b) V berkurang secara linear dengan I
V linearly decreases with I
Kertas 1 (c) 5 V
1 D 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 B (d) Ohm/ V A–1
6 B 7 A 8 B 9 D 10 C 5 (a) (i) T 2 berkadar terus dengan l
11 A 12 A 13 C 14 B 15 D T 2 is directly proportional to l
(ii) T 2 = 5.3 s2
T = 2.30 s
Kertas 2
T 2/ s2
Bahagian A
1 (a) Kuantiti fizik yang mempunyai magnitud dan arah 5.0

Physical quantity that has magnitude and direction
(b) Kuantiti skalar Kuantiti vektor
Scalar quantity Vector quantity 4.0
Jarak/ Distance Halaju/ Velocity

Laju/ Speed Pecutan/ Acceleration
Masa/ Time 3.0
1000
(c) 90 × = 25 m s–1
3600
2 (a) P bertambah secara linear dengan θ 2.0
P increases linearly with θ
(b) P = 10 Pa
(c) θ = – 150 oC
Tekanan, P/ Pa
1.0
Pressure
30
l/m
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
20 3.80
(iii) m =
1.0
10 = 3.80 s2 m–1
(b) Berkurang. Daya tarikan graviti Bulan lebih rendah
0
Suhu, θ/ °C daripada daya tarikan graviti Bumi.
– 300 – 200 – 100 100 200 300
Temperature Decreases. The gravitational force of the Moon is lower
3 (a) (i) saat/ s than the gravitational force of the Earth.
seconds/ s
(ii) 56 – 2 = 54 saat/ seconds Kertas 3
(iii) Sukar untuk mendapat bacaan yang tepat/
Mengurangkan ralat 1 (a) (i) Jisim pemberat berslot/ Daya
Difficult to obtain accurate reading/ Reduces error Mass of slotted weight/ Force
54 (ii) Pemanjangan spring/ Extension of spring
(b) (i) T =
20 (b) Contoh data dan jawapan:
= 2.7 saat/ seconds Sample of data and answers:
10 m/ g F/ N L0/ cm L1/ cm x/ cm
(ii) l = 2 (2.7)2
4𝜋
= 1.85 m 100 1.0 10.0 12.0 2.0
(iii) l/ cm
150 1.5 10.0 14.0 4.0
200 2.0 10.0 16.0 6.0
250 2.5 10.0 18.0 8.0
1 /s–2 300 3.0 10.0 20.0 10.0
T2
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Modul Exc Fizik Ting 4 (Jawapan)7th 11/2/22.indd 1 11/02/2022 4:32 PM

(c) F/ N (ii) saat ke-5/ 5th seconds
(iii) 60 m
(vi) Pecutan, a/ m s–2
3.0 Acceleration
2.5 20
2.0 10
Masa, t/ s
0 Time
1.5 1 2 4 6
-10
1.0
0.5 –20
Sesaran, s/ m
0 x/ cm Displacement
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
80
(d) F bertambah secara linear dengan x
F increases linearly with x
60
3.0 – 0.5
(e) k =
10 – 0 40
= 0.25 N cm–1
20
BAB
Daya dan Gerakan I
2 Force and Motion I
0 Masa, t/ s
1 2 4 6 Time
Kertas 1
5 (a) Jatuh yang dipengaruhi oleh daya graviti sahaja
1 C 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 B Falls due to gravitational force only
6 B *7 D 8 A 9 D 10 D * (b) t = 2 s * Rujuk Errata
11 C 12 B 13 A 14 B 15 B (c) (i) Meningkat/ Increases
16 D 17 C 18 C 19 B 20 D (ii) Rintangan udara lebih tinggi
21 B 22 C 23 A 24 D 25 C High air resistance
26 B 27 C 6 (a) Sifat semula jadi objek yang cenderung untuk
* Rujuk Errata mengekalkan keadaan asalnya
Tendency of an object to remain at its original state
Kertas 2
(b) Tin berisi pasir kerana inersia lebih besar/ jisim
Bahagian A lebih besar
1 (a) Skalar; tiada/ Scalar; without Can filled with sand because it has larger inertia/ larger mass
(b) meter/ m (c) (i) Banyak/ More
(c) (i) 200 m Sebab: Kurang inersia
*(ii) 0.33 m s–1 * Rujuk Errata Reason: Less inertia
(iii) 120 m (ii) Besar/ Large
2 (a) Kadar perubahan sesaran/ Sesaran per masa Sebab: Memanjangkan masa hentaman
Rate of change in displacement/ Displacement per time Reason: Extends time of impact
(b) (i) Halaju berkurang/ Velocity decreases (iii) Rendah/ Low
(ii) 0.02 s Sebab: Mengurangkan momentum
(iii) Halaju awal/ Initial velocity = 300 cm s–1 Reason: Reduces momentum
Halaju akhir/ Final velocity = 50 cm s–1 7 (a) Perlanggaran tidak kenyal
Inelastic collision
(iv) Purata halaju/ Average velocity = 150 cm s–1
(b)
(v) Pecutan/ Acceleration = –2500 cm s–2 Tenaga kinetik diabadikan
(c) Halaju meningkat/ Velocity increases Kinetic energy conserved
3 (a) 5s
(b) –5m Jumlah momentum sebelum perlanggaran
(c) 1.6 cm s–1 = Jumlah momentum selepas perlanggaran ✓
Total momentum before the collision
4 (a) OA : Halaju bertambah dengan seragam/ Pecutan
= Total momentum after the collision
malar
Velocity increases uniformly/ Constant acceleration Jumlah tenaga diabadikan
AB : Halaju malar/ Pecutan sifar ✓
Total energy conserved
Constant velocity/ Zero acceleration
(b) (i) 2 s (c) v = 2.25 m s–1
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8 (a) (i) Daya tujah/ Thrust – Berdasarkan prinsip keabadian momentum,
(ii) Daya seretan = Daya tujah momentum yang terhasil sama magnitud
Drag force = Thrust menolak jet ke depan
(b) F – Fg = ma According to the principle of conservation of
Fg = F – ma momentum, the produced momentum same as the
= 24.4 × 104 – 1200(12) magnitude that pushed the jet forward
= 2.29 × 105 N (c)
9 (a) Kadar perubahan momentum dalam masa yang Aspek/ Aspect Alasan/ Reason
singkat
Rate of change in momentum in a short time Diameter mucung: Menghasilkan gas berhalaju
(b) 150 N Kecil tinggi
Diameter of nozzle: Small Produce high velocity of gas
(c) 1500 N
(d) (i) Masa perlanggaran dalam Rajah 9(b) lebih Saiz bilah: Besar Menyedut lebih banyak udara
pendek daripada Rajah 9(a) Size of blade: Big Absorbs more air
The time of impact in Diagram 9(b) is shorter than
Jenis bahan api: – Bercampur dengan udara
in Diagram 9(a)
Kerosin/ Parafin menghasilkan pembakaran
(ii) Daya impuls dalam Rajah 9(b) lebih besar
Type of fuel: Kerosene/ Mixed with air to produce
daripada Rajah 9(a) Paraffine combustion
The impulsive force in Diagram 9(b) is larger than
– Lebih selamat digunakan
in Diagram 9(a)
Safe to be used
(iii) Semakin tinggi masa perlanggaran, semakin
kecil daya impuls Saiz kebuk – Lebih banyak bahan api
The longer the time of impact, the smaller the pembakaran: Besar terbakar
impulsive force Size of combustion More burning fuel
10 (a) (i) Daya tarikan graviti/ Gravitational force chamber: Large – Menghasilkan momentum
(ii) Pecutan/ Acceleration; m s–2 yang tinggi
*(b) (i) WE = mg (ii) WM = mgM Produce high momentum
8.0 = m (10) 5.0 = 0.8 gM
m = 0.8 kg gM = 6.25 m s –2 Reka bentuk enjin L dipilih kerana diameter muncung
* Rujuk Errata kecil, saiz bilah besar, guna bahan api kerosin dan kebuk
pembakaran besar
Engime design L is choosen because small diameter of nozzle, big
Bahagian B
size of blade, use kerosene as fuel and large combustion chamber
11 (a) (i) Jumlah momentum sebelum perlanggaran
12 (a) (i) Hasil darab jisim dan halaju
= Jumlah momentum selepas perlanggaran
Products of mass and velocity
Total momentum before collision
= Total momentum after collision (ii) – Udara dipam menyebabkan tekanan tinggi
di dalam botol
200 × 103 The pump air caused high pressure in the bottle
(ii) m =
9.81 – Air terpancut dengan halaju yang tinggi
= 2.04 × 104 kg Water spurt out with high velocity
300 × 1000 – Menghasilkan momentum yang besar pada
v=
3600 arah bertentangan
= 83.33 m s–1 Produces large momentum in opposite direction
Momentum/ Momentum – Mengikut prinsip keabadian momentum,
p = mv momentum bertentangan sama magnitud
= 2.04 × 104 × 83.33 menolak roket air ke depan
= 1.7 × 106 kg m s–1 According to the principle of conservation of
(b) – Kipas menyedut udara masuk ke kebuk momentum, the opposite momentum same as the
pembakaran bercampur dengan bahan api magnitude that pushed the water rocket forward
Fan absorbs air flow into the combustion chamber and (b) (i) Pecutan/ Acceleration,
mixed with fuel v–u
a=
– Pembakaran bahan api menghasilkan gas ekzos t
yang panas (0 – 10)
Burning fuel produces hot exhaust gas =
5
– Gas panas dipancut keluar melalui muncung = – 2 m s–2
dengan kelajuan yang tinggi 1
Hot gas flow out through the nozzle with high speed (ii) s = ut + at2
2
– Momentum terhasil bertentangan dengan arah 1
pancutan gas panas = 10(5) + (–2)(5)2
2
The momentum produced in opposite direction of hot = 25 m
gas flow

(c) Bahan untuk rangka: – Ringan dan kuat
Aspek/ Aspect Alasan/ Reason Karbon fiber Light and strong
Material for frame: – Tahan lama
Rangka: Ringan dan tegar – Pecutan tinggi
Fiber carbon Long lasting
Frame: Light and durable High acceleration
– Kuat Tayar: Lebar Tekanan rendah
Strong Tyre: Wide Low pressure
Reka bentuk: Aerodinamik – Rintangan udara rendah Tayar: Berbunga Mengelak gelincir
Design: Aerodinamic Low air resistance Tyre: Has thread Avoid/ slips
– Lebih laju Penyerap hentakan Menyerap hentakan semasa
High speed Shock absorber pendakian
Kapasiti enjin: Tinggi – Kuasa tinggi Absorbs shock impulses while climbing
Capacity of engine: High High power Topi keledar Keselamatan penunggang
– Lebih laju Helmet Rider safety
High speed
Bunga pada tayar: Tiada Kurang geseran Kertas 3
Thread on tyre: No Less friction
1 (a) (i) Jisim/ Mass
Motorsikal A kerana mempunyai rangka ringan dan (ii) Tempoh ayunan/ Period of oscillation
tegar, reka bentuk aerodinamik, kapasiti enjin yang tinggi (iii) Panjang bilah gergaji
dan tiada bunga pada tayar Length of hacksaw blade
Motrocycle A because it has light and durable frame, aerodynamic (b) Contoh data dan jawapan:
design, high capacity of engine and has no thread on tyre Sample of data and answers:
(i) t = 11.08 s, 12.50 s, 13.98 s, 15.40 s, 16.69 s

Bahagian C
T = 0.883 s, 1.108 s, 1.250 s, 1.398 s, 1.540 s,
13 (a) Kadar perubahan sesaran/ Sesaran per masa 1.669 s.
Rate change of displacement/ Displacement per time
(ii) T2 = 1.228 s2, 1.563 s2, 1.954 s2, 2.372 s2,
(b) Dalam satu jam pertama; 2.786 s2
In the first one hour;
– Halaju bas A lebih tinggi daripada bas B m/ g t/ s T/s T2/ s2
The velocity of bus A is higher than bus B
30.0 11.08 1.108 1.228
– Kecerunan graf bas A lebih tinggi daripada bas B
The gradient of bus A higher than bus B 40.0 12.50 1.250 1.563
– Luas di bawah graf bas A lebih kecil daripada 50.0 13.98 1.398 1.954
bas B
The area under the graph of bus A is smaller than 60.0 15.40 1.540 2.372
bus B 70.0 16.69 1.669 2.786
– Halaju bertambah, pecutan bertambah
(c) T2/ s2
Velocity increases, acceleration increases
Dalam dua jam terakhir, kedua-dua bas bergerak
dengan halaju seragam yang sama 2.8
In the last two hours, both buses moving with the same
uniform velocity 2.4
(c) 0 – 3 jam : Halaju seragam
0 – 3 hours : Uniform velocity 2.0
3 – 5 jam : Objek pegun/ tidak bergerak
3 – 5 hours : Object at rest/ not moving 1.6
5 – 8 jam : Objek kembali ke tempat asal dengan
halaju seragam 1.2
5 – 8 hours : Object returns to its original place with
uniform velocity 0.8
Jumlah sesaran = 0/ Sifar
Total displacement = 0/ Zero
0.4
(d)
Aspek/ Aspect Alasan/ Reason 0 m/ g
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Sistem membantu – Mengubah kelajuan
(d) T 2 bertambah secara linear dengan m
pendakian: Gear Change speed
T 2 increases linearly with m
System to assist in – Memastikan kelajuan sesuai 2.79 – 0
climbing: Gear dengan kawasan pendakian (e) k =
70 – 0
Make sure the speed suitable to the
climbing area = 0.04 s2 g–1

BAB
Kegravitian
6.67 × 10–11 × (3) × (5)
(ii) F =
3 Gravitation (1.5)2
Kertas 1 = 2.67 × 10–10 N
(iii) Daya graviti antara dua bola boling itu lebih
1 C 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 D kecil daripada daya graviti antara Bumi dan
6 B 7 C 8 A 9 D 10 A Bulan.
11 D 12 D 13 D 14 B 15 A The gravitational force between the two bowling
16 B 17 A 18 B 19 B 20 D balls is smaller than the gravitational force between
21 A 22 C 23 C *24 B 25 A the Earth and the Moon.
* Rujuk Errata (iv) Berkurang
Decreases
Kertas 2 4 (a) (i) Elips
Bahagian A ✓
Elliptical
ODEL ZON UTARA FIZIK TKT 4 - POTENSI aw by mzaidee
1 (a) Daya graviti (ii) Planet Y bergerak dengan laju linear yang
Gravitational force lebih tinggi di PQ berbanding SR.
10
(b) Planet Y moves at a higher linear speed at PQ
Gm1 m2
0
55 55
0
5
5
50 10
50 10
compared to SR.
45 15
40 20
15
35 25
(c) F =
30
45 15
40 20 G4-2
35
30
25
r2 (b) (i) Selang masa yang diambil untuk bergerak di

G4-1 6.67 × 10–11 × 0.3 × 5.97 × 1024 PQ dan SR adalah sama
F= The time intervals taken to move at PQ and SR are
(6.37 × 106)2
F = 2.94 N the same
(d) Semakin besar jisim jasad, semakin besar daya (ii) Hukum Kepler Kedua. Hukum Kepler
graviti Kedua menyatakan bahawa satu garis yang
G4-3 The larger the mass of the body, the larger the gravitational menyambungkan planet dengan Matahari
force mencakupi luas yang sama dalam selang masa
(e) Daya graviti berkurang apabila jarak di antara dua yang sama apabila planet bergerak dalam
jasad bertambah
G4-4 orbitnya
Gravitational force decreases when the distance between Kepler’s Second Law. Kepler’s Second Law states
the two bodies increases that a line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps
2 (a) Daya memusat/ Centripetal force out equal areas in equal times
(b) Bola besi
5 (a) r = R + h = 6.37 × 106 m + 4.50 × 107 m
F = 5.14 × 107 m
Iron ball
r = 1.3 m T = 24 jam/ hours = 86400 saat/ seconds
G4-5 T2 (86400)2
3 =
r (5.14 × 107)3
= 5.50 × 10–14 s2 m–3
G4-6
T2
(b) Mengikut Hukum Kepler Ketiga, nilai 3 adalah
r
8.0 × 152 sama, iaitu 5.50 × 10–14 s2 m–3 T2
(c) F = According to Kepler’s Law, the value of 3 is the same,
1.3 r
5.50 × 10–14 s2 m–3
= 1384.62 N
Jarak dari Satelit M ke pusat Bumi
(d) Meningkat/ Increases Distance between satellite M to centre of the Earth
3 (a) Daya graviti antara dua jasad berkadar terus dengan = (4.69 × 107) + 9 6.37 × 106) = 5.33 × 107 m
hasil darab jisim kedua-dua jasad dan berkadar
T2
songsang dengan kuasa dua jarak di antara dua jasad = 5.50 × 10–14
The gravitational force between the two bodies is directly (5.33 × 107)3
proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies T 2 = 8.34 × 109
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance T = 91 258.25 s
between the two bodies 6 (a) Halaju lepas ialah halaju minimum yang diperlukan
(b) F
suatu objek di permukaan Bumi untuk mengatasi
daya graviti dan terlepas ke angkasa.
Escape velocity is the minimum velocity needed by
an object on the surface of the Earth to overcome the
gravitational force and escape to outer space.
(b) v = 2 (6.67 × 10–11)(5.98 × 2024)

r 6.37 × 106
6.67 × 10–11 × (6.0 × 1024) × (7.4 × 1022) = 11190 m s–1
(c) (i) F = (c) Berkurang
(3.8 × 108)2
Decreases
= 2.05 × 10 N
20

Bahagian B Bahagian C
7 (a) (i) Tempoh orbit bulan lebih panjang daripada 8 (a) Hukum Kegravitian Semesta Newton menyatakan
tempoh orbit satelit MEASAT bahawa daya graviti antara dua jasad adalah
The orbital period of the Moon is longer than the berkadar terus dengan hasil darab jisim kedua-dua
orbital period of the MEASAT satellite jasad dan berkadar songsang dengan kuasa dua jarak
(ii) Jejari orbit Bulan lebih daripada jejari orbit di antara pusat dua jasad tersebut.
satelit MEASAT Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation states that
The radius of orbit of the Moon is more than the the gravitational force between two bodies is directly
radius of orbit of the MEASAT satellite proportional to the product of the masses of both bodies
(iii) Apabila jejari orbit bertambah, tempoh orbit and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
juga bertambah between the centres of the two bodies.
When the radius of orbit increases, the orbital (b) (i) Jisim objek S lebih besar daripada jisim objek T.
period also increases Jarak antara objek S dengan Q adalah sama
(iv) Hukum Kepler Ketiga/ Kepler’s Third Law dengan jarak antara objek T dengan Q.
(v) Kuasa dua tempoh orbut bagi planet berkadar Daya graviti pada objek Q oleh objek S adalah
terus dengan kuasa tiga jejari orbitnya. lebih besar daripada daya graviti objek T.
The square of the orbital period of any planet is The mass of object S is greater than the mass of
directly proportional to the cube of the radius of its object T.
orbit The distance between objects S and Q is equal to the
T 12 r13 distance between objects T and Q.
(b) = The gravitational force on object Q by object S is
T 22 r23
greater than the gravitational force of object T.
(27.32 × 24 × 60)2 (3.8 × 108)3 (ii) Apabila jisim objek meningkat, daya graviti
=
(93.2)2 r23 yang bertindak kepada objek lain juga
r2 = 3.08 × 1020
3
bertambah. Daya graviti antara dua objek
r2 = 6.75 × 106 m berkadar langsung dengan hasil darab jisim
(c) Satelit MEASAT mempunyai halaju orbit yang lebih kedua-dua objek tersebut.
tinggi berbanding bulan. Satelit MEASAT dalam As the mass of an object increases, the gravitational
orbit yang lebih rendah mengalami daya tarikan force acting on other objects also increases. The
graviti yang lebih besar. Ini menyebabkan pecutan gravitational force between two objects is directly
proportional to the product of the masses of the two
memusat lebih tinggi untuk bergerak dengan
objects.
lebih laju.
The MEASAT satellite has a higher orbital velocity than (c) – Halaju orbit Bulan adalah berserenjang dengan
the Moon. The MEASAT satellite is in lower orbit where jejari orbitnya
it experiences greater gravitational force. This causes a The orbital velocity of the Moon is perpendicular to the
higher centripetal acceleration to move faster. radius of its orbit
(d) – Halaju orbit Bulan menyebabkan Bulan terlepas
keluar dari orbitnya
Spesifikasi/ Specification Penerangan/ Description The orbital velocity of the Moon will cause the Moon to
slip out of its orbit
Satelit geopegun Supaya kekal di kawasan yang
Geostationary satellite – Daya tarikan graviti ke atas Bulan bertindak ke
sama sepanjang masa
Remain in the same area at all times arah pusat orbit Bulan
The gravitational force on the Moon acts towards the
Sudut liputan 120 °
Meliputi kawasan yang lebih centre of the Moon’s orbit
Coverage angle of 120° luas – Kesan halaju orbit ini diseimbangkan oleh daya
Covers a wider area tarikan graviti Bumi
Tempoh orbit 24 jam Mengorbit kelajuan yang sama The effect of this orbital velocity is balanced by the
The orbital period is seperti putaran Bumi gravitational force of the Earth
24 hours Orbiting at the same speed as the (d)
rotation of the Earth Ciri-ciri/ Features Penerangan/ Description
Bilangan minimum Menjimatkan kos siaran Jisim kapal angkasa yang Mengurangkan daya tarikan
satelit: 3 langsung kecil graviti Bumi kepada kapal
Minimum number of Save the cost of live broadcast The small mass of the angkasa
satellites: 3 spacecraft Reducing the gravitational force
Satelit paling sesuai ialah M kerana ia satelit geopegun, of the Earth on the spacecraft
sudut liputan 120°, tempoh orbit 24 jam dan bilangan Halaju tinggi semasa Supaya kapal angkasa boleh
minimum satelit ialah 3. pelancaran dari terlepas dari permukaan
The most suitable satellite is M because it is a geostationary permukaan Bumi Bumi
satellite, the coverage angle is 120°, the orbital period is 24 hours High velocity during the So that the spacecraft can
and the minimum number of satellites is 3. launch from the surface of escape from the surface of the
the Earth Earth

Altitud orbit mengelilingi Daya tarikan graviti 15.8
(b) θ = × 100
Bulan mestilah lebih rendah pada altitud tinggi 22.5
tinggi memudahkan kapal angkasa = 70.22 °C
The altitude of the orbit kembali ke Bumi (c) (i) Kecil/ Small
around the Moon must be Low gravitational force at Sebab: Lebih sensitif/ Perlu sedikit haba untuk
higher high altitudes makes it easy for mengembang
spacecraft to return to the Earth Reason: More sensitive/ Need less heat to expand
(ii) Kecil/ Small
Mematikan enjin kapal Kapal angkasa boleh
Sebab: Lebih sensitif/ Mengesan perubahan kecil
angkasa ketika mengorbit mengorbit Bulan tanpa
Reason: More sensitive/ Detect small changes
Bulan untuk menjimatkan bantuan enjin kerana ada
(iii) Termometer B
bahan api daya tarikan graviti Bulan Thermometer B
Turn off the spacecraft The spacecraft can orbit the
3 (a) Tenaga elektrik → Tenaga haba
engine while orbiting the Moon without the help of an
Electrical energy → Heat energy
Moon to save fuel engine because there is the
gravitational force of the Moon (b) Pt = mcθ atau/ or Pt = Q
(c) Q = mcθ
Menggerakkan kapal Kapal angkasa jatuh ke = (1.5)(4200)(100 – 27)
angkasa ke zon medan Bumi melalui pengaruh daya = 4.6 × 105 J
graviti Bumi yang kuat dan tarikan graviti Bumi tanpa 4 (a) Bayu laut/ Sea breeze
kemudian mematikan enjin bantuan enjin. (b) – Darat mempunyai muatan haba tentu yang lebih
Move the spacecraft into the The spacecraft fell to Earth
rendah daripada laut
Earth’s strong gravitational with the influence of the Earth’s
The land has a lower specific heat capacity than the sea
field zone and then turn off gravitational force without the
the engine help of an engine. – Suhu yang meningkat menyebabkan darat lebih
panas daripada laut
BAB
The rising temperature causing the land to be
Haba warmer than the sea
4 Heat
– Udara dari darat dipanaskan dan bergerak ke atas
Kertas 1 The air from the land is heated and moves upwards
– Udara sejuk dari laut bergerak ke darat
1 D 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 B Cold air from the sea moves to the land
6 A 7 D 8 C 9 C 10 C (c) Q = mcθ
11 C 12 A 13 C 14 A 15 C 100 000 = (10 000)(c)(0.00355)
16 D 17 B 18 A 19 A 20 B c = 2816.9 J kg–1 °C–1
21 C 22 D 23 C 5 (a) Darjah kepanasan/ kesejukan/ Tenaga kinetik purata
molekul
Kertas 2 Degree of heat/ cold/ Average kinetic energy of molecules
(b) (i) OP – Suhu meningkat, QR – Suhu malar
Bahagian A
OP – Temperature increases,
1 (a) Apabila dua objek bersentuhan secara terma, suhu QR – Temperature constant
kedua-duanya menjadi sama dan pemindahan haba (ii) P: Pepejal, R: Pepejal dan cecair
bersih adalah sifar/ kadar permindahan haba adalah P: Solid, R: Solid and liquid
sama. (iii) Jika ada perubahan dalam suhu, bahan berada
When two objects are in thermal contact, the temperatures pada satu keadaan fizikal/ Jika suhu malar,
of both become equal and the net heat transfer is zero/ the bahan berada dalam dua keadaan fizikal.
heat transfer rate is equal. If there is a change in temperature, the substance is
(b) (i) 25oC in one physical state/ If the temperature is constant,
(ii) 41oC the substance is in two physical states.
(c) Q = mcθ (c) Haba pendam/ Latent heat
= (0.5)(4200)(41 – 25) (d) (i) 90 oC
= 33600 J (ii) Peleburan dan pembekuan bermula pada suhu
(d) 33600 = (0.3)(c)(100 – 41) yang sama, bergantung kepada penyejukan
c = 1898.31 J kg–1 °C–1 atau pemanasan.
(e) Balut cawan polisterina dengan kain Melting and freezing begin at the same temperature,
Wrap the polystyrene cup with a cloth depending on cooling or heating.
Lapik cawan polisterina dengan penebat haba (e) Stim membebaskan lebih tenaga haba daripada air
Line the polystyrene cup with a heat insulator mendidih kerana haba pendam pengewapan.
2 (a) (i) Merkuri/ Alkohol Steam releases more heat energy than boiling water
Mercury/ Alcohol because of the latent heat of vaporisation.
(ii) Legap/ Muatan haba tentu rendah/ 6 (a) Daya per unit luas molekul gas yang berlanggar
Mengembang secara seragam/ Tidak melekat dengan dinding bekas
Opaque/ Low specific heat capacity/ Expands Force per unit area of gas molecules collided with the wall
uniformly/ Non-stick of container

(b) (i) Tekanan dalam Rajah 6.2 lebih besar daripada – Pemegang periuk boleh menyerap sejumlah
tekanan dalam Rajah 6.1 tenaga haba yang banyak tanpa melibatkan
The pressure in Diagram 6.2 is greater than the peningkatan suhu yang tinggi
pressure in Diagram 6.1. The pot handle can absorb a large amount of heat
(ii) Isi padu udara terperangkap dalam Rajah energy without involving high temperature increases
6.1 lebih besar daripada isi padu udara (c)
terperangkap dalam Rajah 6.2 Cadangan/ Suggestion Penerangan/ Explanation
The volume of trapped air in Diagram 6.1 is greater
than the volume of trapped air in Diagram 6.2. Menambah kuantiti ais Menyerap banyak haba
(iii) Suhu udara adalah sama dalam kedua-dua Add the quantity of ice daripada minuman tin
rajah. Absorbs a lot of heat from the
The temperature of air is the same in both diagrams. canned drinks
(c) Semakin meningkat tekanan udara, semakin Bekas diperbuat daripada Mengurangkan penyerapan
berkurang isi padu udara terperangkap polistirena/ penebat haba haba daripada persekitaran
The higher the air pressure, the lower the volume of The container is made of Reduces heat absorption from
trapped air polystyrene/ heat insulator the surrounding
(d) Hukum Boyle/ Boyle’s Law
(e) – Semasa penyelam berada pada kedalaman tinggi, Bekas diperbuat daripada Peningkatan haba perlahan
tekanan tinggi menyebabkan gelembung udara bahan bermuatan haba Slow heat increment
yang dikeluarkan mempunyai isi padu rendah tentu tinggi
When the diver is at greater depth, high pressure Container is made of
causing the released air bubbles to have a low volume. substance with high specific
– Gelembung udara bergerak ke atas kepada heat capacity
kedalaman yang lebih rendah Bekas berketumpatan Ringan
Air bubbles move upwards to a lower depth rendah Lightweight
– Tekanan semakin berkurang menyebabkan isi Low density container
padu gelembung udara meningkat Menutup bekas Mengurangkan penyerapan
Decreasing pressure causing the volume of air bubbles Close the container haba melalui radiasi/
to increase
mengurangkan penyerapan
Bahagian B haba daripada persekitaran
Reduces heat absorption
7 (a) (i) Tenaga haba yang diperlukan untuk menaikkan through radiation/ reduces heat
suhu sebanyak 1°C bagi 1 kg objek absorption from the surrounding
Heat energy required to raise the temperature by 1oC
per 1 kg of object. 8 (a) (i) Suhu penyejuk berkurang
The coolant temperature decreases
(ii) – Jumlah haba yang dibekalkan adalah sama
The amount of heat supplied is the same Kelajuan molekul menurun
Molecular speed decreases
– Muatan haba tentu serbuk aluminium lebih
Jarak antara molekul menurun
tinggi daripada serbuk kuprum
The distance between molecules decreases
The specific heat capacity of aluminium powder
is higher than copper powder (ii) Haba pendam pengewapan berlaku
Latent heat of vaporisation occurs
– Suhu akhir serbuk aluminium lebih tinggi
Haba diserap dari makanan di dalam peti sejuk
daripada serbuk kuprum
Heat is absorbed from food in the refrigerator
The final temperature of aluminium powder is
higher than copper powder (b)
– Perubahan suhu serbuk aluminium lebih Ciri-ciri/ Characteristics Sebab/ Reason
tinggi daripada serbuk kuprum Haba pendam tentu Meningkatkan kadar haba
The temperature change of aluminium powder is
pengewapan yang besar yang dikeluarkan
higher than copper powder
High specific latent heat of Increases the rate of heat released
– Apabila perubahan suhu bertambah, muatan vaporisation
haba tentu berkurangan
As the temperature change increases, the specific Takat didih yang rendah Berubah menjadi gas dalam
heat capacity decreases Low boiling point kadar yang cepat
(b) – Konduktor haba yang baik mempunyai muatan Turns into gas at a rapid rate
haba tentu yang rendah Muatan haba tentu yang Menyejukkan bahan dengan
A good heat conductor has a low specific heat capacity
rendah lebih cepat
– Badan periuk memasak boleh dipanaskan dengan Low specific heat capacity Cools the substance faster
cepat
The body of the cooking pot can be heated quickly Diameter besar Membawa lebih banyak haba
– Konduktor haba yang lemah mempunyai muatan Large diameter Brings more heat
haba tentu yang tinggi
Poor heat conductor has a high specific heat capacity

Peti sejuk B dipilih kerana haba pendam tentu pengewapan Dinding kotak yang tebal Pemindahan haba yang
yang besar, takat didih yang rendah, muatan haba tentu Box with thick wall rendah
yang rendah dan diameter yang besar Low heat transfer
Refrigerator B is chosen because high specific latent heat of Kepingan aluminium untuk Konduktor haba yang baik
vaporisation, low boiling point, low specific heat capacity and Good heat conductor
membalut ikan
large diameter
Aluminium sheets for wrapping
(c) (i) Jumlah haba yang diperlukan untuk fish
menukarkan 1 kg ais menjadi cecair tanpa Permukaan berkilat untuk Memantulkan haba
perubahan suhu ialah 3.34 × 105 J kg–1 membalut ikan Reflects heat
The amount of heat required to convert 1 kg of ice Shiny surface for wrapping fish
into a liquid without a change in temperature is
3.34 × 105 J kg–1’.
(ii) Q = mcθ Kertas 3
= (0.7)(4200)(40 – 0) 1 (a) (i) Suhu/ Temperature

= 117 600 J (ii) Tekanan/ Pressure
(iii) Q = ml (iii) Jisim udara/ Isi padu udara
= (0.7)(3.34 × 105) Mass of air/ Volume of air
= 233 800 J (b) Contoh data dan jawapan:
Sample of data and answers:
Bahagian C
Suhu Tekanan udara
9 (a) Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menaikkan Temperature Air pressure
suhu bahan sebanyak 1oC θ/ °C P/ kPa
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the
30 134
substance by 1 0C.
(b) (i) Perubahan suhu air di dalam periuk besar lebih 40 142
rendah daripada di dalam periuk kecil 50 156
The change in water temperature in the large pot is
lower than in the small pot. 60 168
Muatan haba tentu air di dalam periuk besar 70 178
lebih tinggi daripada di dalam periuk kecil (c) P/ kPa
The specific heat capacity of water in the large pot is
higher than in the small pot. 200
Apabila jisim objek bertambah, perubahan
suhu berkurang 180
When the mass of the object increases, the
temperature change decreases. 160
Apabila jisim objek bertambah, muatan haba
bertambah 140
When the mass of the object increases, the heat
capacity increases. 120
(c) Pada waktu malam, haba bergerak dari darat ke laut
During the night, heat travels from land to sea 100
Laut mempunyai muatan haba tentu yang lebih
besar, maka laut lebih panas daripada darat 80
The sea has a higher specific heat capacity, so the sea is
warmer than the land 60
Udara panas naik ke atas permukaan laut
Hot air rises towards the surface of the sea 40
Udara sejuk dari darat bergerak ke arah laut
Cold air from the land moves towards the sea 20
(d)
Ciri-ciri Sebab θ/ °C
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Characteristics Reason
(d) Tekanan gas bertambah secara linear dengan suhu
Jenis bahan penebat haba/ Konduktor haba yang
gas
Styrofoam lemah
The gas pressure increases linearly with the gas
Type of heat insulator Poor heat conductor
temperature
substance/ Styrofoam
178 – 0
Ketumpatan bahan kotak Ringan (e) k =
70 – 0
yang rendah Lightweight =1.11 kPa °C–1
Low density of box substance (f) Bertambah/ Increases

BAB Sebab : Tenaga tinggi
Gelombang
5 Waves
Reason : High energy
(ii) Cekung/ Concave
Kertas 1 Sebab : Gelombang menumpu
Reason : Waves converge
1 C 2 A *3 C 4 A 5 A
(iii) Air/ Water
6 D 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 D
Sebab : Gelombang bergerak laju di dalam air
11 C 12 B 13 B 14 D 15 B Reason: Waves travel at high speed in water
16 C 17 D 18 A 19 D 20 D (c) T
21 B 22 C 7 (a) Garisan yang menyambung titik yang berada pada
* Rujuk Errata fasa yang sama
Kertas 2 Line that joints the points in phase in a wave
Bahagian A (b) (i) P
(ii) Panjang gelombang di P lebih besar
1 (a) Gelombang melintang The wavelength at P is larger
Transverse waves
(c) v = 10 × 0.02
(b) serenjang = 0.2 m s–1
perpendicular
8 (a) Penyebaran gelombang apabila melalui celah atau
(c)(i) BD
halangan
(ii) 8 cm The spreading of waves when the waves propagate through
(iii) 3 cm a slit or barrier.
2 (a) gelombang mekanik (b) Tidak berubah/ Unchanged
mechanical waves
(c)
(b)
(i) 2 cm
(ii) 50 cm
(c) (i) 2.27 × 10–3 s
(ii) 2.2 × 104 cm s–1
3 (a) Bilangan ayunan lengkap dalam satu saat
Number of complete oscillations in one second
(b) (i) Panjang bandul X kurang daripada bandul A
manakala panjang bandul Y sama dengan A v
(d) λ =
The length of pendulum X shorter than pendulum A f
while the length of pendulum Y same as pendulum A 50
=
Frekuensi bandul X dan Y sama dengan 25
frekuensi bandul A =2m
The frequency of pendulum X and pendulum Y are 9 (a) Cahaya yang mempunyai satu panjang gelombang
same as pendulum A sahaja
(ii) Amplitud getaran bandul Y lebih besar Light that has one wavelength
daripada bandul X (b) (i) interferens membina
The amplitude of the vibration of pendulum Y is constructive interference
larger than pendulum X. (ii) garisan antinodal
(iii) Resonans/ Resonance antinodal line
4 (a) Pelembapan/ Damping (c) (i) P: Hijau/ Green
(b) Kehilangan tenaga ke persekitaran semasa bergetar Q : Merah/ Red
Energy loss to surrounding during vibration (ii) Jarak di antara dua pinggir cerah Q lebih besar
(c)(i) 2 s daripada pinggir cerah P
(ii) 0.5 Hz The distance between two bright fringes Q is larger
5 (a) 60o than bright fringes P
(b) sama dengan/ equal to (iii) Panjang gelombang cahaya Q lebih panjang
(c) daripada cahaya P
Gelombang tuju Gelombang pantulan The wavelength of light Q is longer than light P
Incident wave Reflected wave
(iv) Semakin besar panjang gelombang, semakin
besar jarak di antara pinggir cerah berturutan
The longer the wavelength, the larger the distance
between two consecutive bright fringes
10 (a) Inframerah/ Infrared
(b) serenjang/ perpendicular
30°
Penghadang (c) (i) Bertambah/ Increases
Barrier (ii) Apabila panjang gelombang semakin
6 (a) Gelombang membujur bertambah, kesan pembelauan lebih jelas.
Longitudinal waves When the wavelength is increasing, the effect of the
(b) (i) Tinggi/ High wave diffraction is more obvious.

Bahagian B (b) – Kelawar mengeluarkan bunyi
The bat produces sound waves
11 (a) Pembiasan gelombang – Gelombang bunyi yang dihantar oleh kelawar
Diffraction of waves
terkena penghalang dan terpantul semula
(b) – Di tengah laut, gelombang bergerak pada The sound waves transmitted by the bat hit an obstacle
frekuensi dan halaju tertentu and reflect back
In the midldle of the see, waves travels at certain
– Kelawar menerima gelombang pantulan/ gema
frequency and velocity
The bat receives the reflected waves/ echo
– Apabila menghampiri pantai, kedalaman semakin – Masa penerimaan gelombang pantulan digunakan
berkurang vt
When approaching the beach, the depth is reducing untuk menganggar jarak penghalang, d =
2
– Panjang gelombang berkurang dan halaju The time taken to receive the reflected waves is used to
berkurang vt
estimate the distance of the obstacle, d =
The wavelength and velocity of waves decreases 2
1450 × 100 × 10 –3
– Arah perambatan gelombang mendekati garis (c) (i) d =
normal menyebabkan ia mengikut bentuk pantai 2
The direction of wave propagation approaches normal = 72.5 m
line and causes it to follow the shape of beach
1450
(ii) λ = 40 × 103
(c)
= 0.03625 m
Ciri-ciri/ Characteristics Sebab/ Reason
(d)
Tempat : Teluk Air yang tenang
Location: Bay Calm water Ciri-ciri/ Characteristics Sebab/ Reason
Saiz celah : Kecil – Kesan pembelauan besar Kedudukan pembesar Tiada halangan
Size of the gap: Small Large effect of diffraction suara: Tinggi Has no obstacle
– Amplitud gelombang kecil Position of the loudspeakers:
Small wave amplitude High
– Tenaga ombak rendah Jarak di antara dua Lebih banyak kawasan
Low wave energy pembesar suara: Besar interferens membina
Ketinggian benteng: – Menghalang gelombang yang Distance between two More regions of constructive
Tinggi tinggi loudspeakers: Large interference
Height of barrier: High Block the high wave
Bahan untuk menutup – Menyerap bunyi
– Mengelak banjir Absorb sound
Avoid flood
dinding: Papan lembut
Material used to cover the – Kurang pantulan bunyi/
Bahan binaan benteng: – Kuat/ Kukuh wall: Soft board gema
Konkrit Strong/ Sturdy Reduce sound reflection/
Material to build barrier: – Tahan tekanan tinggi echo
Concrete Withstand high pressure
Kedudukan mikrofon: Di – Kurang halangan
Pelabuhan W dipilih kerana terletak di teluk, mempunyai belakang pembesar suara Reduce obstacle
celah yang kecil, benteng yang tinggi dan benteng Position of the microphone: – Tiada gangguan bunyi
diperbuat daripada konkrit Behind the loudspeakers No sound distract
Harbour W is chosen because located at bay, has small gap, high
barrier and the barrier is made up of concrete Sistem bunyi Y dipilih kerana kedudukan pembesar
suara tinggi, jarak besar di antara dua pembesar suara,
(d) (i) Frekuensi gelombang di pantai, menggunakan papan lembut untuk menutup dinding dan
The wave frequency at the the beach,
kedudukan mikrofon di belakang pembesar suara
v Sound system Y is chosen because the high position of the
f =
λ loudspeakers, the large distance between two loudspeakers, use
5 soft board to cover the wall and the position of the microphone is
=
2 behind the loudspeakers
= 2.5 Hz
Frekuensi di tengah laut Bahagian C
The wave frequency at the sea
13 (a) Gelombang yang tidak memerlukan medium untuk
= 2.5 Hz
merambat
(ii) Panjang gelombang di tengah laut Waves that do not require a medium to propagate
5
The wavelength at the sea, λ = 8 × (b) (i) – Cahaya ultraungu ditujukan pada duit kertas
2 An ultraviolet light is directed to a note of money
= 3.2 cm
– Jika imej tercetak muncul di atas duit, maka
12 (a) Gelombang bunyi yang berfrekuensi tinggi (lebih
duit tersebut adalah duit sebenar
daripada 20 kHz) If a printed image exist on that note, then the note
The sound waves with high frequency (more than 20 kHz)
is not fake money.

(ii) – Gelombang mikro menggetarkan molekul Real depth
Refractive index =
air/ lemak / gula Apparent depth
The microwave vibrates the water/ fats/ sugar (b) (i) Apabila dalam nyata berkurang, dalam ketara
molecules juga berkurang
– Tenaga kinetik molekul bertambah, haba When the real depth decreases, the apparent depth
dijanakan/ suhu meningkat also decreases
The kinetic energy of the molecules increases, (ii) Pembiasan
heat is supplied/ temperature increases. Refraction
vt (c)
(c) (i) s = Normal Normal
2
Normal Normal
3.0 × 10 × 4.0 × 10
8 –5
=
2
= 6.0 × 103 m
v
(ii) λ =
f
3.0 × 108
=
(3 × 1015) Imej
= 1 × 10–7 m Image
(d)
Ciri-ciri Sebab Objek
Characteristics Reason Object
Jenis gelombang: – Frekuensi tinggi 2 (a) Sudut genting ialah sudut tuju dalam medium yang
Gelombang mikro High frequency berketumpatan optik tinggi apabila sudut biasan
Type of wave: Microwave – Tenaga tinggi dalam medium yang berketumpatan optik rendah
High energy adalah sama dengan 90o.
Saiz cakera: Besar Menerima lebih banyak isyarat The critical angle is the angle of incidence in a medium
Size of disc: Large Receives more signals of high optical density when the angle of refraction in the
medium of low optical density is equals to 90o.
Bentuk cakera: Parabola – Isyarat difokuskan 1
Shape of disc: Parabolic Signal is focused (b) n =
sin c
– Menumpu lebih banyak
1
isyarat =
Converge more signals sin 42°
= 1.5
Kedudukan pemancar Isyarat tidak dihalang
(c) (i) 45O – 90o – 45o
dan penerima: Tinggi Signal unblock
Sebab: Sudut tuju lebih besar daripada sudut
Position of the transmitter
and receiver: High genting/Pantulan dalam penuh berlaku
Reason: The angle of incidence is greater than the
Kedudukan penerima: – Isyarat difokuskan pada critical angle/ Total internal reflection occurs
Pada titik fokus cakera penerima (ii) Keamatan cahaya yang tinggi
Position of the receiver: At Signal is focused on the receiver High light intensity
focal point of disc – Kurang kehilangan data Sebab: Imej yang lebih jelas dapat dihasilkan
Reduce data loss Reason: A clearer image can be produced
(iii) Kuasa kanta yang tinggi/ High lens power
Sebab: Panjang fokus yang rendah/ Imej lebih
BAB mudah difokus
Cahaya dan Optik
6 Light and Optics
Reason: Low focal length/ Easier to focus on images
(d) – Prisma yang mempunyai ketumpatan optik tinggi
Kertas 1 mempunyai indeks biasan yang lebih tinggi/
1 B 2 D 3 C 4 D 5 D Sudut genting yang kecil
Prism with high optical density has a higher refractive
6 D 7 B 8 A 9 B 10 C
index/ small critical angle
11 C 12 A 13 C 14 D 15 D
– Pantulan dalam penuh boleh berlaku
16 A 17 D 18 B 19 B 20 C Total internal reflection can occur
3 (a) (i) Cermin cekung
Kertas 2 Concave mirror
Bahagian A (ii) Imej yang terhasil lebih besar daripada saiz
objek
Dalam nyata The image formed is larger than the size of the
1 (a) Indeks biasan = object.
Dalam ketara

(b) (i) Panjang fokus yang pendek Untuk mendapatkan imej
bagi kedua-dua kanta fo < fe yang diperbesar
Short focal lengths for both To get a magnified image
lenses, fo < fe
C F Objek Jarak objek, u: f < u <2f Untuk mendapatkan imej

Object Object distance, u: f <u <2f yang nyata dan diperbesar
To get a real and magnified
image
(ii) Maya, tegak dan diperbesar Mikroskop dilengkapi Untuk menghasilkan imej
Virtual, upright and magnified dengan cermin di bawah yang terang
(c) Bertambah/ Increases slaid To produce a bright image
The microscope is equipped
Bahagian B with a mirror under the slide
4 (a) Panjang gelombang ialah jarak di antara dua titik Lebih daripada satu kanta Tisu boleh dilihat dengan
sefasa yang berturutan objektif dengan kuasa yang lebih dari satu pembesaran
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive spatial berbeza imej
periods. More than one objective lens Tissue can be seen with more
(b) – Kelajuan cahaya merah lebih tinggi daripada with different powers than one image magnification
cahaya hijau
The speed of red light is higher than green light 5 (a) Imej maya adalah imej yang tidak dapat terbentuk
– Frekuensi cahaya merah dan cahaya hijau adalah pada skrin.
A virtual image is an image that cannot be formed on the
sama
screen.
The frequencies of red light and green light are the
same (b) (i) – Kanta J lebih tebal daripada kanta K.
– Sudut biasan cahaya merah lebih besar daripada Lens J is thicker than lens K.
cahaya hijau – Panjang fokus kanta K adalah lebih panjang
The angle of refraction of red light is greater than the daripada panjang fokus kanta J.
green light The focal length of lens K is longer than the focal
– Apabila kelajuan cahaya bertambah, sudut biasan length of lens J.
juga bertambah – Apabila kuasa kanta bertambah, panjang
When the speed of light increases, the angle of fokus berkurang.
refraction also increases When the power of the lens increases, the focal
– Fenomena pembiasan length decreases.
The phenomenon of refraction – Saiz imej yang dihasilkan oleh kanta J
(c) adalah lebih besar daripada saiz imej yang
Imej burung
Image of bird dihasilkan oleh kanta K.
The size of image produced by lens J is larger
Imej ikan
than the size of image produced by lens K.
Image of fish – Apabila panjang fokus bertambah, saiz imej
berkurang.
When the focal length increases, the size of image
decreases.
(ii) – Sinar cahaya matahari yang selari dari
– Sinar cahaya dari burung dibiaskan kepada infiniti melalui kanta cembung
normal Parallel rays of sunlight from infinity travel
Light ray from the bird is refracted to normal through the convex lens.
– Imej burung kelihatan tinggi – Sinar cahaya difokuskan selepas melalui
The image of the bird looks higher kanta.
– Sinar cahaya dari ikan dipantulkan/ Pantulan Light rays are focused after passing through the
lens.
dalam penuh
Light ray from the fish is reflected/ Total internal – Sinar cahaya ditumpukan ke atas suatu
reflection kawasan yang sangat kecil yang dipanggil
– Imej ikan di atas air titik fokus kanta itu.
The image of the fish on water Light rays are focused on a very small area
(d) called the focal point of the lens.
– Pada titik itu, keamatan cahaya adalah sangat
Cadangan/ Suggestion Penerangan/ Description besar dan tenaga cahaya menyebabkan
Menggunakan dua kanta Kanta cembung objektif peningkatan suhu.
cembung dan kanta mata At the point, the light intensity is very large
Using two convex lenses Objective convex lens and and the light energy causing an increase in
eyepiece temperature.

– Apabila tompok cahaya di atas kertas – Menambahkan panjang fokus kanta object
menjadi cukup panas, kertas terbakar. atau mengurangkan panjang fokus kanta
When the light spot on the paper become hot mata
enough, the paper burns. Increase the focal length of the objective lens or
(c) (i) – P digunakan sebagai kanta objek. decrease the focal length of the eyepiece
P is used as the objective lens.
– Q digunakan sebagai kanta mata. Bahagian C
Q is used as the eyepiece. 6 (a) (i) Kanta cembung/ Convex lens
– Jarak di antara dua kanta (atau panjang (ii) – u < f
teleskop) ialah 40 + 5 atau 45 cm. – Rajah menunjukkan dua sinar:
The distance between the two lenses (or the
length of the telescope) is 40 + 5 or 45 cm.
Sinar 1 terbias ke titik fokus, F
– P dan Q adalah segaris. Sinar 2 melalui pusat kanta
The diagram shows two rays:
P and Q are linear. Ray 1 is refracted to the focal point, F
– Sinar selari cahaya bintang dari bintang Ray 2 passes through the center of the lens
jauh menumpu pada titik fokus kanta objek – Imej maya dan tegak
yang juga adalah titik fokus kanta mata. Virtual and upright image
Parallel light rays from distant stars focus on the (b) (i) Jarak imej/ Image distance
focal point of the objective lens which is also the 1 1 1
focal point of the eyepiece. = +
f u v
Kanta objek (P) 1 1 1
Objective lens Kanta mata (Q) = +
Eyepiece –100 20.0 v
1 3
fo fe =
Sinar cahaya v 20
dari bintang v = – 6.7 cm
Fo Fe
jauh (ii) Tinggi imej/ Height of image
Light ray from I hi v
distant stars =
ho u
hi 6.7
Imej di infiniti =
Image in infinity 10.5 20.0
hi = 3.5 cm
fo = Panjang fokus kanta objek/ Focal length (c)
of objective lens
Fo = Titik fokus kanta objek/ Focal point of Ciri-ciri/ Characteristics Penerangan/ Explanation
objective lens Susunan Pantulan dalam penuh berlaku
fe = Panjang fokus kanta mata/ Focal length Arrangment dua kali dalam prisma yang
of eyepiece sama
Fe = Titik fokus kanta mata/ Focal point of Total internal reflection occurs
eyepiece twice in the same prism
– Ini akan membentuk satu imej awal, I, yang
Sudut prisma: Membolehkan pantulan dalam
nyata, songsang dan lebih kecil daripada
Angle of prism: penuh berlaku
objek sebenar. Allows total internal reflection to
45o – 90o – 45o
This will form an initial image, I, that is real, occur
inverted and smaller than the actual object.
– Imej ini kemudian menjadi objek bagi kanta Bahan bagi prisma: Tidak mudah calar/ Hasil imej
mata. Kaca lebih jelas
This image then becomes an object for the Material for prism: Glass Not easy to scratch/ The image
eyepiece. formed is clearer
– Di bawah penyelarasan normal, imej akhir
Sudut genting kecil Pantulan dalam penuh mudah
yang dibentuk oleh kanta mata adalah di Small critical angle berlaku
infiniti. Total internal reflection is easy to
Under normal alignment, the final image formed occur
by the eyepiece is at infinity.
– Imej ini adalah maya, songsang dan Binokular L kerana susunan prisma adalah , sudut
diperbesar.
This image is virtual, inverted and magnified. prisma 45o – 90o – 45o, bahan kaca dan sudut genting
(c) (ii) – Menambahkan diameter kanta objek supaya kecil
lebih banyak cahaya boleh masuk Binocular L because the arrangement of prisms is , prism
Increase the diameter of the objective lens so that angle setup at 45° – 90° – 45°, glass material and small critical
more light can enter angle

Kertas 3 Kertas 2
(a) (i) Kotak sinar dihidupkan supaya sinar cahaya Bahagian A

ditujukan kepada blok kaca semi bulatan 1 (a) Daya graviti yang bertindak ke atas suatu objek
dengan i = 50o. The gravitational force acting on an object
The ray box is turned on so that the light ray is (b) W = mg
directed on a semi-circular glass block with i = 50o. = 600 × 9.81
(ii) Sudut biasan, r diukur dengan menggunakan = 5886 N
jangka sudut. (c)
The angle of refraction, r is measured using a
protractor. 70°
(iii) Eksperimen diulangi dengan i = 60o, 70o, 800,
90o.
The experiment is repeated with i = 60o, 70o, 800,
90o.
(iv) Kedudukan mata hendaklah berserenjang Berat
dengan bacaan jangka sudut untuk Weight
Fy
mengelakkan ralat paralaks. (d) (i)
The eye position should be perpendicular to the
protractor reading to avoid parallax error. 40°
(b) (i) Apabila sudut tuju,i bertambah secara Fx
perlahan, sudut biasan, r juga semakin
bertambah sehingga r = 90o. Nilai sudut
genting bagi kaca, c ialah 42o. (ii) Fx : Untuk menarik kereta supaya bergerak ke
When the angle of incidence, i increases slowly, the hadapan
angle of refraction, r also increases until r = 90o. To pull the car to move forward
The value of the critical angle for glass, c is 42o. Fy : Untuk mengangkat kereta ke atas
(ii) Apabila sudut biasan, r = 90 , sinar biasan
o
To lift the car upward
merambat sepanjang sisi rata blok kaca. Pada (iii) 15 000 cos 40°
ketika ini, sudut tuju dikenali sebagai sudut (iv) Leraian daya
genting, c blok kaca. Resolution of forces
When the angle of refraction, r = 90o, the refractive 2 (a) Tolakan atau tarikan yang dikenakan ke atas suatu
ray propagates along the flat side of the glass block.
At this point, the angle of incidence is known as the
objek
A push or pull upon an object
critical angle, c of the glass block.
(c) (i) Jawapan murid/ Student’s answer (b) (i) Daya yang bertindak ke atas kapal terbang
(ii) Pantulan dalam penuh/ Total internal reflection secara menegak adalah sama
The forces acting on the airplane vertically are the
(iii) – Sinar cahaya mesti merambat dari medium same
lebih tumpat ke medium kurang tumpat Daya yang bertindak ke atas kapal terbang
Light rays must travel from a denser medium to a
less dense medium
secara mengufuk adalah sama
The forces acting on the airplane horizontally are
– Sudut tuju harus lebih besar daripada sudut the same
genting dalam medium berkenaan (ii) Daya yang bertindak ke atas beban secara
The angle of incidence should be greater than the
critical angle in the medium
menegak adalah sama
The forces acting on the load vertically are the same
(d) Logamaya, pelangi/ Mirage, rainbow
Daya yang bertindak ke atas beban secara
mengufuk adalah sama
The forces acting on the load horizontally are the
same
(c) Jenis gerakan kapal terbang dan beban adalah sama
Tingkatan 5 Type of motion of the airplane and the load are the same
BAB (d) Kapal terbang dan beban bergerak dengan halaju
Daya dan Gerakan II
1 Force and Motion II
yang seragam, dengan daya paduan, F = 0 N
The airplane and the load moving at uniform velocity with
Kertas 1 resultant force of F = 0 N
(e) Keseimbangan daya/ Equilibrium of forces
1 B 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 C
3 (a) Daya paduan sifar
6 A 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 A The resultant force is zero
11 A 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 C (b) W = mg
16 C 17 C 18 B 19 B 20 B = 2 × 9.81
21 D 22 C 23 D 24 B 25 B = 19.62 N
26 C 27 B 28 D 29 C 30 C

(c) (i) 60° (c)
30° T1 Spesifikasi/ Specification Sebab/ Reason
Sudut di antara dua bot: Menghasilkan daya paduan
W Kecil yang besar
Angle between two boats: Produce large resultant force
30° T1
Small
60°
Bentuk bot penunda: Tirus Mengurangkan rintangan
(ii) Shape of the towing boat: udara
45°
Elongate Reduce air resistance
45°
T2 Jenis tali kabel: Keluli – Kuat/ Strong
Type of rope: Steel – Tahan lama/ Long lasting
– Tidak mudah putus/
W Difficult to break
T2
45° Kekenyalan tali: Tak Menghasilkan daya yang
45° kenyal seragam ketika menunda
Elasticity of the rope: Produce uniform force while
T1 Inelastic towing
19.62
(d) (i) = Kaedah Q dipilih kerana sudut di antara dua bot adalah
sin 30° sin 120°
T1 = 8.496 N kecil, bot penunda berbentuk tirus, tali kabel adalah rod
T2 19.62 keluli dan tak kenyal.
(ii) = Method Q is chosen because the angle between two boats is
sin 45° sin 90° small, the shape of towing boat is elongate, the rope used is steel
T2 = 13.87 N and inelastic.
(iii) Kaedah dalam Rajah 3.2 kerana tegangan
talinya adalah tinggi Bahagian C
Method in Diagram 3.2 because the tension of the
5 (a) Pemanjangan suatu spring adalah berkadar terus
string is high
dengan daya yang bertindak ke atas spring jika tidak
(e) v = u + gt
melebihi had kenyal
= 0 + 9.81(0.6) The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the
= 5.886 m s–1 force applied on the spring if not exceeded the elastic limit
of the spring
Bahagian B
(b) (i) Panjang asal spring Q lebih panjang daripada
4 (a) (i) Daya graviti yang bertindak ke atas suatu objek spring P
The gravitational force acting on an object The original length of spring Q is longer than spring P
(ii) – Apabila lif berada dalam keadaan pegun, (ii) Beban digantung pada kedua-dua spring
daya tindak balas normal, R adalah sama adalah sama
dengan berat. The load hung on both springs are the same
When the lift in stationary state, the normal (iii) Pemanjang spring P lebih kecil daripada spring Q
reaction, R is equal to the weight. The extension of spring P is smaller than spring Q
– Oleh itu, R = mg (c) (i) Apabila panjang asal spring bertambah,
Thus, R = mg pemanjangan spring juga bertambah
– Apabila lif berada dalam keadaan pegun, When the original length of the spring increases, the
daya paduan adalah sifar extension of the spring also increases
When the lift is in stationary state, the resultant (ii) Apabila panjang asal spring bertambah,
force is zero kekenyalan spring juga bertambah
– Lif berada dalam keadaan keseimbangan daya When the original length of the spring increases, the
The lift is in equilibrium of forces elasticity of the spring also increases
(b) (i) R = W (d) – Tali lastik diperbuat daripada getah
= mg The string of the slingshot is made up of rubber
= 50 × 9.81 – Getah itu ditarik pada satu jarak yang jauh
= 490.5 N The rubber string is pulled at a further distance with a stone
(ii) R = W – Tenaga keupayaan kenyal yang tersimpan adalah
= 490.5N besar
(iii) F = ma The stored potential energy is larger
R – W = ma – Menghasilkan satu tenaga kinetik yang besar
Produce a large kinetic energy
R – 490.5 = 50 × 1.5
R – 490.5 = 75 – Batu yang dilepaskan akan bergerak jauh pada
R = 75 + 490.5 halaju maksimum
The released stone will move further at maximum
= 565.5 N velocity

(e) (d) Berkadar terus/ Directly proportional
Aspek/ Aspect Sebab/ Reason (e) Berdasarkan graf/ Based on the graph:
4.0 – 0
Luas kawasan tilam: Dapat menampung berat k=
250 – 0
Lebar badan pesakit yang besar = 0.16 cm g–1
Area of mattress: Wide Able to support a large weight
of patient (f) Berkurang/ Decreases
Bilangan spring digunakan: Meningkatkan kekenyalan BAB

Tekanan
Banyak Increase elasticity
Number of springs used: Many
2 Pressure
Pemalar spring: Rendah Lebih banyak pemanjangan Kertas 1

Spring constant: Low More extension 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 A
Susunan spring: Sesiri Meningkatkan kekenyalan 6 B 7 D 8 D 9 A 10 C
Arrangement of spring: Series Increase elasticity 11 C 12 C 13 A 14 B 15 C
Bahan digunakan untuk Tidak mudah koyak 16 A 17 A 18 C 19 D 20 D
fabrik: Nilon Not easily tear 21 A 22 B 23 D 24 D 25 D
Material used for fabric: Nylon 26 A 27 A 28 A 29 A 30 A
Kertas 3 Kertas 2
1 (a) (i) Jisim, m Bahagian A

Mass, m 1 (a) Daya yang bertindak terhadap luas permukaan
(ii) Pemanjangan gelang getah, x The force applied on a surface area
Extension of rubber band, x (b) Pecutan graviti; Ketumpatan; Kedalaman
(iii) Jenis gelang/ Type of band Gravitational acceleration; Density; Depth
(b) Contoh data dan jawapan: (c) P = hρg
Sample of data and answers: = (4.0 – 2.5) × 1000 × 9.81
m/ g l/ cm x/ cm = 14 715 Pa
(d) Bertambah/ Increases
50 10.8 0.8 2 (a) Barometer merkuri/ Mercury barometer
100 11.6 1.6 (b) Sifar/ Zero
(c) 76 cm Hg
150 12.4 2.4
(d) P = hρg
200 13.2 3.2 = 0.76 × 13 600 × 9.81
250 14.0 4.0 = 101 396.16 Pa
(e) Sama/ Tidak berubah
(c) x/ cm Same/ Unchanged
60
3 (a) = 30
4.0 2
(b) (i) Luas keratan rentas omboh 2 lebih besar
daripada omboh 1
3.5 The cross-sectional area for piston 2 is larger than
piston 1
3.0 (ii) Daya yang bertindak ke atas omboh 2 lebih
besar daripada omboh 1
The force acting on piston 2 is larger than piston 1
2.5 (iii) Tekanan yang dikenakan pada kedua-dua
omboh adalah sama
The pressure applied on both pistons are the same
2.0
(iv) Semakin besar luas keratan rentas permukaan,
semakin besar daya yang terhasil pada omboh
1.5 2
The larger the cross-sectional area, the larger the
force produced on piston 2
1.0
(c) (i) Minyak/ Oil
Sebab: Mengelakkan pengaratan/
0.5 Memindahkan tekanan dengan seragam
Reason: Avoid rusting/ Transmit pressure uniformly
(ii) Berketumpatan tinggi/ Berkelikatan tinggi
m/ g
50 100 150 200 250 High density/ viscosity

Sebab: Tidak mudah meruap Termometer gas P dipilih kerana mempunyai diameter
Reason: Nonvolatile
bebuli kaca yang kecil, cecair digunakan merkuri, dinding
(iii) Kecil/ Small
bebuli kaca nipis dan jenis tiub adalah getah
Sebab: Menghasilkan tekanan yang besar Gas thermometer P is chosen because has small diameter of glass
apabila brek ditekan bulb, used mercury, thin glass bulb wall and use rubber tube
Reason: Produce large pressure when the brake is
pressed
5 (a) Aerofoil
Bahagian B (b) (i) Keratan rentas sayap berbentuk aerofoil
menyebabkan kelajuan aliran udara di bahagian
4 (a) (i) Daya yang bertindak terhadap luas permukaan atas sayap lebih tinggi daripada kelajuan aliran
The force applied on a surface area
udara di bahagian bawah sayap.
(ii) – Manometer terdiri daripada sebatang tiub-U The aerofoil shaped of cross-section of wing causes
kaca berisi cecair berwarna the speed of air flow at the top of the wing is higher
Manometer consists of a glass U-tube filled than the speed of air flow at the bottom of the wing
colour liquid
Semakin bertambah kelajuan aliran udara,
– Tekanan gas adalah sama dengan tekanan di semakin rendah tekanan udara terhasil
titik A The higher the speed of air flow, the lower the air
The gas pressure is equal to the pressure at pressure produced
point A
Tekanan udara di bahagian atas sayap lebih
– Tekanan di titik A adalah sama dengan rendah daripada tekanan udara di bahagian
tekanan di titik B bawah sayap/ Terhasil perbezaan tekanan
The pressure at point A is same as the pressure at
point B
udara
The air pressure at the top of the wing is lower
– Tekanan di titik B = h + Tekanan atmosfera than the air pressure at the bottom of the wing/ The
The pressure at point B = h + atmospheric
difference in pressure is produced
pressure
(ii) Prinsip Bernoulli/ Bernoulli’s principle
– Jadi, tekanan gas = h + Patm
Thus, the gas pressure= h + Patm
(c)
(b) (i) P = 30 + 76 Aspek/ Aspect Sebab/ Reason
= 106 cm Hg Saiz lubang udara: Besar Menghasilkan pengaliran
(ii) P = 1.06 × 13 600 × 9.81 Size of air hole: Big udara yang banyak di penunu
= 14 1420.96 Pa Bunsen
= 1.414 × 105 Pa Produce more air flow in Bunsen
(iii) Merkuri ialah cecair yang sangat toksik dan burner
merbahaya/ mudah terbakar Saiz muncung gas: Kecil Menghasilkan halaju udara
Mercury is toxic liquid and harmful/ easily burn Size of nozzle gas: Small yang tinggi/ tekanan udara
(c)
rendah
Aspek/ Aspect Sebab/ Reason Produce high speed of air flow/
low air pressure
Diameter bebuli kaca: – Gas mengembang dengan
Kecil mudah Saiz tapak: Lebar Lebih stabil
Diameter of glass bulb: Gas easily expand Size of base: Wide More stable
Small – Cecair dapat bertambah Mempunyai kolar boleh Untuk mengawal jumlah
dengan cepat ubah udara yang masuk ke dalam
Liquid increases rapidly
Has moveable collar penunu Bunsen melalui
Cecair digunakan: – Boleh mengembang dengan lubang udara
Merkuri seragam Control the amount of air flow
Liquid used: Mercury Able to expand uniformly into the Bunsen burner
– Dapat dilihat dengan mudah
Can be seen easily
Penunu Bunsen C dipilih kerana mempunyai saiz lubang
udara besar, saiz muncung gas kecil, saiz tapak lebar dan
Dinding bebuli kaca: – Mudah menyerap haba mempunyai kolar boleh ubah
Nipis Absorb heat easily Bunsen burner C is chosen because has big air hole, small nozzle
Glass bulb wall: Thin – Lebih sensitif kepada haba gas, wide base and has movable collar
More sensitive to heat
Jenis tiub: Getah – Penebat haba yang baik Bahagian C
Type of tube: Rubber Good heat insulator
6 (a) Apabila suatu objek terendam sepenuhnya atau
– Mudah dibengkokkkan/
separuhnya di dalam bendalir, daya apungan adalah
Fleksibel
Easy to bend/ Flexible
sama dengan berat bendalir disesarkan
When an object is fully or partially immersed in a fluid, the
buoyant force is equal to the weight of fluid displaced

(b) (i) Berat air tersesar bagi kedua-dua kapal adalah
Kertas 3
sama
The weight of water displaced for both ships are the 1 (a) (i) Berat objek di dalam air lebih berat daripada
same berat objek di udara
Ketumpatan air laut lebih rendah daripada The weight of the object in water is heavier than the
ketumpatan air sungai object in air
The density of sea water is lower than the density of (ii) Daya apungan bergantung kepada berat cecair
the river water yang disesarkan
Isi padu air laut disesarkan lebih kecil daripada The buoyant force is influenced by the weight of the
isi padu air sungai disesarkan liquid displaced
The volume of displaced sea water is smaller than (b) (i) Berat air yang disesarkan
the volume of displaced river water Weight of water displaced
(ii) Apabila ketumpatan bertambah, isi padu (ii) Daya apungan
air disesarkan juga bertambah/ Ketumpatan Buoyant force
berkadar songsang dengan isi padu air disesarkan (iii) Ketumpatan air
When the density of water increases, the volume of Density of water
displaced water also increases/ The density of water (c) (i) Tertakluk kepada eksperimen yang dilakukan
is inversely proportional to the volume of water Subject to the conducted experiment
displaced (ii) Tertakluk kepada eksperimen yang dilakukan
(iii) Berat air disesarkan = daya apungan Subject to the conducted experiment
Weight of water displaced = buoyant force (iii) Tertakluk kepada eksperimen yang dilakukan
(c) – Apabila ketinggian altitud bertambah, Subject to the conducted experiment
ketumpatan udara berkurang (d) Pastikan air sudah berhenti keluar dari muncung
When the altitude height increases, the density of air tin eureka sebelum mencelup plastisin ke dalam tin
decreases eureka
– Daya apungan menjadi semakin kecil Make sure the water stop drip from the nozzle of the eureka
The buoyant force become smaller can before dipping the plasticine into the eureka can
– Pada ketinggian tertentu, berat udara disesarkan Pastikan plastisin dicelupkan dengan perlahan
adalah sama dengan berat belon udara itu supaya air di dalam tin eureka tidak bergelombang
At a certain height, the weight of displaced air is same atau berkocak
as the weight of the hot air balloon Make sure the plasticine is dipping slowly so that the water
– Belon udara panas berada dalam keseimbangan in the eureka can does not ripple
daya/ daya paduan belon udara panas adalah sifar
The hot air balloon in equilibrium of forces/ the BAB
Elektrik
(d)
resultant force of the hot air balloon is zero
3 Electricity
Kertas 1
Aspek/ Aspect Penerangan/ Explanation
Bahan digunakan untuk Tidak mudah berkarat 1 C 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 B
hidrometer: Kaca Not easily rust 6 D 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 B
Material used for 11 A 12 B 13 A 14 C 15 A
hydrometer: Glass 16 A 17 D 18 B 19 C 20 B
Saiz bebuli: Besar – Menghasilkan daya 21 A 22 C 23 D 24 A 25 D
Size of bulb: Big apungan yang besar 26 C 27 A 28 A 29 B 30 B
Produce large buoyant force
– Menghasilkan lebih banyak Kertas 2
isi padu cecair disesarkan Bahagian A
Produce large volume of
displaced liquid 1 (a) Kadar pengaliran cas elektrik melalui suatu
konduktor
Batang hidrometer yang Lebih besar julat ketumpatan The rate of electric charges flow through a conductor
panjang dapat diukur (b) Ammeter
Longer hydrometer stem Wide range of density to be
measured
(c) Q = It
= 5 × (6 × 60)
Diameter batang: Tinggi kepekaan/Lebih = 1800 C
Kecil sensitif 2 (a) Sebanyak 12 J tenaga digunakan dalam satu saat
Diameter of stem: Small High sensitivity
apabila dibekalkan voltan 5 V
Bahan digunakan untuk Lebih stabil/ boleh 12 J of energy per second is used when it is supplied a 5 V
dasar bebuli: Plumbum/ ditegakkan/ supaya tidak of voltage
Pasir condong (b) (i) Sesiri
Material used for the base of More stable Series
the bulb: Lead/ Sand (ii) Selari
Parallel

(c) Voltan bagi setiap mentol dalam Rajah 2.2 lebih Bahagian B
besar daripada Rajah 2.1/ Jumlah rintangan dalam
4 (a) (i) Arus berkadar terus dengan beza keupayaan
Rajah 2.2 lebih kecil daripada dalam Rajah 2.1/
Current is directly proportional to the potential
Arus mengalir melalui setiap mentol dalam Rajah difference
2.1 lebih besar daripada Rajah 2.1 (ii) Rintangan/ Resistance
Voltage for each bulb in Diagram 2.2 is larger than in
(iii) V
Diagram 2.1. Total resistance in Diagram 2.2 is less than
in Diagram 2.1/ Current flow in each bulb in Diagram 2.2
Konstantan
is more than in in Diagram 2.1 Constantan
(d) (i) Rajah 2.1/ Diagram 2.1:
R1 = 3 + 3 + 3
=9Ω Kuprum
V Copper
I=
R
= 0.557 A
(ii) Rajah 2.2/ Diagram 2.2: I
1 1 1 1 Dawai yang berlainan jenis mempunyai nilai
= + +
R 3 3 3 rintangan yang berbeza.
3 Different types of wire has different values of
=
3 resistance.
R=1Ω Dawai konstantan mempunyai rintangan yang
5.0 lebih tinggi daripada dawai kuprum. Maka,
I=
1 kecerunan graf dawai konstantan lebih tinggi
=5A daripada dawai kuprum.
Arus mengalir untuk setiap mentol, Constantan wire has higher resistance than copper
Current flow for each bulb, wire. Thus, the gradient of graph for constantan
5 wire is higher than copper wire.
=
3 4×4
(i) RT = 4 + (
4 + 4)
(b)
= 1.67 A
(e) (i) Rajah 2.2/ Diagram 2.2 =4+2
(ii) Jika satu mentol terpadam, mentol yang lain =6Ω
masih boleh digunakan; Kurang rintangan (ii) V = IR
berkesan; Lebih banyak arus mengalir dalam =3×4
litar = 12 V
If any one of the bulb burns out, the other bulbs will V
not affected; Less effective resistance; More current (iii) I =
R
flow in the circuit 18
3 (a) Daya gerak elektrik/ d.g.e. =
6
Electromotive force/ e.m.f. =3A
(b) (i) Bacaan voltmeter Rajah 3.1(a) lebih tinggi 3
daripada Rajah 3.2(a) =
2
The reading of voltmeter in Diagram 3.1(a) is higher = 1.5 A
than in Diagram 3.2(a) (c)
(ii) Kecerahan mentol dalam Rajah 3.1(a) lebih
tinggi daripada Rajah 3.2(a) Spesifikasi/ Specification Sebab/ Reason
The brightness of the bulb in Diagram 3.1(a) is Ketumpatan: Rendah Ringan/ Mudah alih
higher than in Diagram 3.2(a) Density: Low Light weight/ Not heavy/ Portable
(iii) Semakin bertambah bacaan voltmeter
Kerintangan: Tinggi Lebih banyak haba terhasil
bertambah, semakin bertambah kecerahan Resistivity: High More heat produced
mentol
The higher the reading of voltmeter, the higher the Kadar pengoksidaan: – Tidak mudah teroksida
brightness of the bulb Rendah Not easily oxidise
(c) (i) Rintangan dalam/ Internal resistance Oxidation rate: Low – Tidak cepat berkarat
(ii) Kecerunan graf dalam Rajah 3.2(b) lebih besar Not easily rust
daripada Rajah 3.1(b) Takat lebur: Tinggi Tidak mudah lebur pada suhu
The gradient of the graph in Diagram 3.2(b) is Melting point: High tinggi
larger than in Diagram 3.1(b) Not easily melt at high temperature
(d) Semakin besar kecerunan graf, semakin rendah
Jenis Y dipilih kerana ketumpatan rendah, kerintangan
bacaan voltmeter
tinggi, kadar pengoksidaan rendah dan takat lebur tinggi
The larger the gradient of the graph, the lower the reading
Type Y is chosen because of low density, high resistivity, low
of voltmeter
oxidation rate and high melting point

5 (a) (i) Sebanyak 150 J tenaga digunakan dalam satu Bacaan voltmeter dalam Rajah 6.1 lebih tinggi
saat apabila dibekalkan voltan 240 V daripada Rajah 6.2
150 J of energy per second is used when it is supplied The reading of voltmeter in Diagram 6.1 is higher than in
a 240 V of voltage Diagram 6.2
(b) (ii) – Kecekapan ialah kuasa output/kuasa input x Rintangan berkesan dalam Rajah 6.1 lebih besar
100% daripada Rajah 6.2
Efficiency is the output power/ input power x The effective resistance in Diagram 6.1 is larger than in
100% Diagram 6.2
– Mentol dan lampu berpendaflour mem- Apabila rintangan berkesan bertambah, arus mengalir
punyai kuasa input sama berkurang
Both bulb and fluorescent lamp have same input When the effective resistance increases, the current flow
power decreases
– Mentol mempunyai kuasa output rendah Jika sambungan litar adalah litar selari, rintangan
kerana kebanyakkan daripada tenaga berkesan adalah rendah
dihilangkan dalam bentuk haba If the circuit connection is parallel circuit, the effective
Bulb has low output power because most energy resistance is low
loss in the form of heat (c) – Bacaan ammeter bertambah
– Lampu berpendalfour mempunyai kuasa The reading of ammeter increases
output yang lebih tinggi kerana tenaga – Bacaan voltmeter berkurang
elektrik ditukar kepada bentuk tenaga The reading of voltmeter decreases
cahaya secekapnya – Rintangan berkesan berkurang
Fluorescent lamp has high output power because The effective resistance decreases
the electrical energy is converted into the form of (d)
light energy efficiently
Aspek/ Aspect Sebab/ Reason
(c) (i) E = Pt
= 150 × 2 × 60 × 60 Elemen pemanas: Logam/ Kerintangan tinggi
Nikrom High resistivity
= 1 080 000 J
2402 Heating element: Metal/
(ii) R = Nichrome
150
= 384 Ω Lilitan dawai: Banyak Menghasilkan rintangan
(d) Wire coil: Many yang tinggi
Ciri/ Characteristic Sebab/ Reason Produce high resistance
Kerintangan: Tinggi – Menghasilkan arus tinggi Bilangan bilah kipas: Banyak udara panas dapat
Resistivity: High Produce high current Banyak disebarkan
– Lampu mentol lebih cerah Number of fan blades: Many More hot air spread
Brighter bulb Ketumpatan bahan: Rendah Ringan/ Mudah dibawa
Tahan pengaratan: Tinggi Filamen tidak mudah rosak Density of material: Low Lighter weight/ Portable
Rusting durability: High Filament not easily damaged
Gunakan fius dengan arus Selamat digunakan
Keliatan: Sukar putus Mentol tahan lebih lama lebih tinggi daripada arus Safe to be used
Hardness: Difficult to break Long lasting bulb yang masuk ke dalam
Takat lebur: Tinggi Dawai tidak melebur semasa penggoreng elektrik
Melting point: High menyala Use fuse with higher current
Wire does not melt during the than the current flow in the
bulb lights up electrical fryer
Dawai Z dipilih kerana kerintangan tinggi, tahan terhadap
pengaratan tinggi, sukar putus dan takat lebur tinggi Kertas 3
Wire Z is chosen because of high resistivity, high rusting 1 (a) (i) Arus/ Current
durability, difficult to break and high melting point
(ii) Beza keupayaan/ Potential difference
(iii) Suhu dawai/ Panjang dawai
Bahagian C Temperature of wire/ Length of wire
6 (a) Kadar pengaliran cas (b)
I/ A V/ V
Rate of charges flow
(b) Rajah 6.1 adalah litar sesiri dan Rajah 6.2 adalah 0.2 0.8
litar selari
Diagram 6.1 is a series circuit and Diagram 6.2 is a 0.3 1.2
parallel circuit 0.4 1.6
Bacaan ammeter dalam Rajah 6.1 lebih rendah
daripada Rajah 6.2 0.5 2.0
The reading of ammeter in Diagram 6.1 is lower than in
0.6 2.4
Diagram 6.2

(c) (b) (i)
V/ V
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
(ii)
1.0 P O P
B
0.5
N L
I/ A
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
(c) Petua gengggaman tangan kanan
(d) Berkadar terus Right-hand grip rule
Directly proportional (d) Bertambah/ Increases
2.0 – 0 2 (a) Arus yang terhasil apabila fluks magnet dipotong
(e) k = oleh suatu konduktor/ Perubahan fluks pada suatu
0.5 – 0
= 4 V A–1 konduktor
The current produced when the magnetic flux is cut across
(f) Elakkan ralat paralaks semasa mengambil bacaan
by a conductor/ Changing of flux at a conductor
ammeter dan voltmeter
(b) (i) X : U/N
Avoid parallax error while taking the readings of ammeter
and voltmeter Y:S
Matikan suis sebaik sahaja bacaan diambil supaya (ii) Lukis anak panah menujukkan/ Draw arrows to
suhu dawai konstantan kekal malar sepanjang show;
eksperimen dijalankan Rajah 6.1: Magnet bar bergerak ke arah
Turn off the switch after taking the reading so that solenoid (←)
the temperature of constantan wire remains constant Diagram 6.1: Bar magnet moves towards the
throughout the experiment conducted solenoid (←)
Pastikan dawai penyambung disambungkan dengan Rajah 6.2: Magnet bar bergerak menjauhi
ketat solenoid (→)
Make sure the connecting wire is connected tightly Diagram 6.2: Bar magnet moves away from the
(mana-mana jawapan yang sesuai/ any reasonable solenoid (→)
answers) (c) (i) tolakan/ repulsive
(ii) tarikan/ attractive
BAB (d) Hukum Lenz/ Lenz’s law
Keelektromagnetan
4 Electromagnetism (e) Menamabah kelajuan magnet bar/ Menambah
lilitian solenoid/ Menggunakan magnet yang lebih
Kertas 1 kuat
1 D 2 B 3 D 4 B 5 D Increase the speed of bar magnet/ Increase the number of
turns of the solenoid/ Use a stronger magnet
6 D 7 D 8 C 9 C 10 B
3 (a) (i) Transformer injak turun/
11 A 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 D Step down transformer
16 C 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 C (ii) Ia mudah dimagnetkan dan dinyahmagnetkan.
21 A Keadaan ini boleh mengurangkan kehilangan
tenaga dan histerisis.
Kertas 2 It is easy to be magnetised and demagnetised. This
can reduce the loss of energy and hysteresis.
Bahagian A
Ns Vs
1 (a) Suatu magnet yang medan magnetnya dihasilkan (b) =
Np Vp
oleh aliran arus elektrik
A magnet that the magnetic field produced by the flow of Ns 6
electric current
=
1000 240
6
Ns = × 1000
240
Ns = 25

Kuasa output, Po
(c) (i) Kecekapan = × 100% Miliammeter D dipilih kerana penunjuk panjang, bilangan
Kuasa input, Pi lilitan banyak, guna magnet cekung dan spring kawalan
Output power, Po halus.
Efficiency = × 100% Milliammeter D is chosen because of longer pointer, more
Input power, Pi
numbers of turns, use concave magnet and thin control spring
Po = 0.2 × 240 × 0.75
= 36 W Ns Vs
(d) (i) =
(ii) Gunakan teras besi lembut yang berlamina/ Np Vp
Gunakan gegelung yang mempunyai rintangan 150 24
rendah/ Menambahkan diameter gegelung =
Use laminated soft iron core/ Use low resistance
Np 240
coil/ Increasse the diameters of the coils 240
Np = × 150
(d) (i) Transformer membekalkan arus ulang alik. 24
Radio hanya boleh berfungsi dengan arus Np = 1500
terus. Kuasa output, Po
The transformer supplies alternating current. The (ii) Kecekapan = × 100%
Kuasa input, Pi
radio only works with direct current.
Output power, Po
(ii) Diod. Empat diod dipasang untuk membentuk Efficiency = × 100%
jambatan rektifier Input power, Pi
Diod. Four diodes are arranged in the form of a 24
bridge rectifier
× 100% =
30
= 80%
Bahagian B 5 (a) Alat yang mengubah voltan arus ulang alik
4 (a) Arus yang terhasil apabila fluks magnet dipotong A device that changes the voltage of alternating current
oleh suatu konduktor/ Perubahan fluks pada suatu (b) – Bilangan lilitan gegelung primer dalam Rajah 5.1
konduktor lebih sedikit daripada Rajah 5.2
The current produced when the magnetic flux is cut across The number of turns of primary coil in Diagram 5.1
by a conductor/ Changing of flux on a conductor less than in Diagram 5.2
(b) – Apabila magnet digerakkan menghampiri solenoid – Bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder dalam Rajah
When the magnet moved closer to a solenoid 5.1 lebih banyak daripada Rajah 5.2
– Akan berlaku pemotongan fluks magnet oleh The number of turns of secondary coil in Diagram 5.1
solenoid more than in Diagram 5.2
There will be cut of magnetic fluks by the solenoid – Voltan input dalam Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2
– Jarum galvanometer terpesong menunjukkan adalah sama
arus aruhan terhasil The input voltage in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 are
The deflection of galvanometer pointer shows that the the same
induced current is produced – Voltan output dalam Rajah 5.1 lebih tinggi
– Hukum Lenz/ Lenz’s law daripada Rajah 5.2
(c) The output voltage in Diagram 5.1 is higher in Diagram
5.2
Aspek/ Aspect Sebab/ Reason (c) – Apabila lilitan gegelung primer bertambah,
Saiz penunjuk: Lebih jitu/ Senang dibaca voltan output berkurang
Panjang More accurate/ Easier to read When the number of turns of primary coil increases, the
Size of pointer: Longer output voltage decreases
– Apabila lilitan gegelung sekunder bertambah,
Bilangan lilitan: Menghasilkan daya yang besar
voltan output bertambah
Banyak pada gegelung/ kekuatan medan When the number of turns of secondary coil increases,
Number of turns: More elektromagnet tinggi the output voltage increases
Produce larger force acting on the (d) – Arus ulang-alik dibekalkan kepada gegelung
coil/ higher electromagnetic field
primer
strength
An alternating current is supplied to the primary coil
Bentuk magnet: Menghasilkan medan magnet – Perubahan medan magnet dihasilkan pada
Cekung jejarian/ Garis medan magnet gegelung dan teras besi lembut
Shape of magnet: tertumpu pada armatur There is change in magnetic field on the coil and on the
Concave Produce radial magnetic field/ soft iron core
Magnetic field lines is concentrated – Pemotongan medan magnet berlaku di gegelung
at the armature sekunder (aruhan)
Spring kawalan yang The magnetic field is cut in the secondary coil (induced)
Pemalar spring rendah/ Mudah
halus mengukur perubahan yang kecil – D.g.e aruhan terhasil di gegelung sekunder
Thin control spring Induced e.m.f. is produced on the secondary coil
Low spring constant/ Easier to
measure a small change

(e) BAB
Elektronik
Aspek/ Aspect Sebab/ Reason 5 Electronics
Bekalan kuasa: Arus ulang- Mudah menaikkan dan Kertas 1

alik menurunkan voltan
Power supply: Alternating current Easier to increase and 1 C 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 B
decrease the voltage 6 D 7 B 8 C 9 B 10 C
*11 B 12 D 13 B 14 A *15 C
Jenis dawai: Kuprum Rintangan rendah 16 D 17 C 18 D
Type of wire: Copper Low resistance
* Rujuk Errata
Ketebalan dawai: Tebal Rintangan rendah Kertas 2
Thickness of wire: Thick Low resistance
Bahagian A
Jenis transformer X: Injak naik Menaikkan voltan
Type of transformer X: Step-up Increase the voltage 1 (a) Alur elektron berhalaju tinggi
High velocity electron beam
Jenis transformer Y : Injak Menurunkan voltan (b) Pancaran termion
turun Decrease the voltage Thermionic emission
Type of transformer Y: Step-down (c) Untuk memecut elektron terhadap anod
To accelerate the electrons toward anode
Kertas 3
(d) K.E. = eV
= (1.6 × 10–19)(4.2 × 103)
1 (a) (i) Ketinggian jatuhan magnet = 6.72 × 10–16 J
Height of magnet falls 2 (a) Diod/ Diode
(ii) Bacaan milivoltmeter/ Daya gerak elektrik (b) Rektifikasi gelombang penuh/ Full-wave rectification
(d.g.e.) (c) Kapasitor/ Capacitor
Reading of millivoltmeter/ Electromotive force
(d) – Apabila beza keupayaan bertambah, kapasitor
(e.m.f.)
akan dicas dan tenaga disimpan
(b) Contoh data dan jawapan:
When the potential difference increases, the capacitor
Sample of data and answers:
will be charged and energy is stored
h/ m d.g.e./ V – Apabila beza keupayaan berkurang, kapasitor
akan dinyahcas supaya arus output tidak turun ke
10 0.2 nilai sifar
20 0.4 When the potential difference decreases, the capacitor
will be discharged so that the output current does not
30 0.6 fall to zero
3 (a) Sebagai suis automatik/ As automatic switch
40 0.8 (b) (i) Bertambah/ Increases
50 1.0 (ii) – Apabila rintangan PPC bertambah, voltan
tapak bertambah
(c) d.g.e/ V When the resistance of LDR increases, the base
voltage increases.
– Arus tapak mengalir dan menghidupkan
1.2
transistor. Maka, lampu sorot menyala.
Base current flow and turn on the transistor.
1.0 Hence the spotlight lights up.
RLDR
(c) Vo = Vi
0.8 RLDR + Rs
RLDR
0.6 2.0 = (6)
RLDR + 20
2R LDR + 40 = 6RLDR
0.4
4RLDR = 40
40
RLDR =
0.2 4
= 10 kΩ
h/ m (d) Lampu sorot memerlukan voltan yang tinggi untuk
0 10 20 30 40 50
menyala
(d) Berkadar terus/ Directly proportional Spotlight requires higher voltage to lights up
1.0 – 0 4 (a) Termistor/ Thermistor
(e) Kecerunan/ Gradient, k =
50 – 0 (b) haba/ heat
= 0.02 V m–1 1
(c) Vo = V
(f) Bertambah/ Decreases 1 + RT i

1 (d) – Perintang disambung kepada tapak transistor
1.5 = (6)
1 + RT untuk mengehadkan arus tapak
Resistor is connected to the base of transistor to limit
1.5 + 1.5RT = 6
the current flow to the base
1.5RT = 4.5
4.5 (e) (i) IE = 5 mA + 100 μA
RT = = (5 × 10–3) + (100 × 10–6)
1.5
= 5.1 × 10–3 A
= 3 kΩ
I
(d) Vb bertambah kerana apabila suhu sekeliling (ii) β = C
IB
bertambah, rintangan thermistor berkurang.
Vb increases because when the temperature increases, the 5 mA
=
resistance of thermistor decreases. 100 μA
5 × 10–3
Bahagian B =
100 × 10–6
5 (a) Proses untuk menukarkan arus ulang-alik kepada = 50
arus terus
Process to convert alternating current into direct current BAB
Fizik Nuklear
(b) 6 Nuclear Physics
D1 Kertas 1
D4
a.c.
D2 Ke O.S.K.
1 C 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 D
D3
To C.R.O. 6 C 7 B *8 A 9 D 10 B
R VR 11 B 12 D 13 B 14 A 15 D
16 A 17 B 18 C
* Rujuk Errata
(c)
Kertas 2
Aspek/ Aspect Sebab/ Reason
Bahagian A
PPC disambung kepada Apabila keamatan cahaya
litar tapak rendah/gelap, rintangan PPC 1 (a) Proses di mana nukleus tak stabil menjadi stabil
LDR is connected at base bertambah. Maka Vb besar/ dengan memancarkan sinaran.
circuit Process where unstable nucleus become more stable
Transistor dihidupkan
nucleus by emitting radiation.
When light intensity is low/dark,
resistance of LDR increases. (b) 8 hari/ 8 days
Hence, Vb is large/ Transistor is (c) 32 hari/ days = 4T 1
2
switched on
2000 → 1000 → 500 → 250 → 125
Terminal positif bateri Supaya transistor pincang = 125 bilangan per minit/ 125 counts per minute
disambung kepada depan (d) (i) Elektron berkelajuan tinggi
pengumpul So that the transistor is forward
Fast moving electron
Terminal positive of batteries biased 131 131 0
(ii) 53I → 54Xe + –1e
is connected to collector
2 (a) (i) Pendek/ Short
Mentol disambung Arus pengumpul akan Sebab: Aktif di dalam air pada jangka masa
kepada litar pengumpul menyalakan mentol apabila pendek. Maka tidak berbahaya kepada
Bulb is connected at the keadaan gelap pengguna air
collector circuit Collector current will light up Reason: Active in water for a short time so not
the bulb during dark time harmful to the water consumer
Nilai perintang R: Nilai perintang PPC semasa (ii) Gama/ Gamma
Rendah gelap adalah tinggi/ Vb Sebab: Kuasa penembusan tinggi/ Kuasa
Value of resistor R: Low bertambah/ Transistor pengionan rendah
dihidupkan Reason: High penetration power/ Low ionising power
The value of resistance of LDR (iii) Cecair/ Liquid
during dark time is higher/ To Sebab: Mudah larut di dalam air
increase the base voltage, Vb to Reason: Dissolved easily in water
turn on the transistor. (b) Iodin-131/ Iodine-131
Litar R dipilih kerana PPC disambung kepada litar tapak, (c) 100 → 50 → 25 → 12.5
terminal positif bateri disambung kepada pengumpul, 3T 1 = 3 × 28 tahun/ years = 84 tahun/ years
2
mentol disambung kepada litar pengumpul dan nilai 3 (a) Zarah beta/ Beta particle
perintang R adalah rendah (b) Z mempunyai jisim yang kecil berbanding X
Circuit R is chosen because the LDR is connected to base circuit, Z has smaller mass compared to X
a positive terminal battery is connected to collector, bulb is 4
(c) P: 2He/ a
connected to collector circuit and value of resistor R is low. Q: Gama/γ/ Gamma

2500 (e) Dinding konkrit yang tebal/ Thick concrete wall
(d) = 1250
2 Mengelakkan kebocoran radiasi ke persekitaran
Berdasarkan graf/ From the graph, To prevent leakage of radiation to surrounding
T 1 = 8.5 jam/ hours
2 Bahagian C
4 (a) Pembelahan nuklear/ Nuclear fission
(b) Uranium-236 sangat tidak stabil 6 (a) (i) Proses di mana nukleus tak stabil menjadi
Uranium-236 is very unstable stabil dengan memancarkan sinaran
Process where unstable nucleus become more stable
(c) – Dalam tindak balas nuklear, berlaku kehilangan
nucleus by emitting radiation
jisim iaitu cacat jisim
In the nuclear reaction, loss of mass which is mass
(ii) Kecerunan graf bagi Xenon-133 lebih tinggi
defect to occur daripada graf bagi Iodin-131
The gradient of the graph for Xenon-133 is steeper
– Cacat jisim ini telah bertukar menjadi tenaga
than the graph for Iodine-131
This mass defect is changed into energy
Keaktifan kedua-dua bahan radioaktif
(d) 235
U + 10n → 141
92Ba
+ 92
36Kr
+ 310n + Tenaga/ Energy
92 berkurang apabila masa bertambah
The activity of both radioactive substances decreases
Bahagian B
as the time increases
5 (a) Proses pereputan secara rawak dan spontan bagi Keaktifan asal kedua-dua bahan radioaktif
nukleus tidak stabil dengan memancarkan sinaran adalah sama
radioaktif seperti zarah atau foton The initial activity of both radioactive substances is
Spontaneous disintegration of unstable nucleus accompanied the same
by the emission of energetic particles or photons Masa diambil untuk keaktifan menjadi separuh
(b) • 238
92U
→ 234 4
90Th + 2He
daripada keaktifan asal bagi Xenon-133 lebih
• Kehilangan jisim/ Cacat jisim bertukar menjadi pendek daripada masa diambil untuk keaktifan
tenaga menjadi separuh daripada keaktifan asal bagi
Loss of mass/ Mass defect is converted to energy Iodin-131
(c) (i) Cacat jisim/ Mass defect, Time taken for the activity to become half of the
original activity for Xenon-133 is shorter than time
= [238.050 – (234.0436 + 4.003)] ×
taken for the activity to become half of the original
1.66 × 10–27 activity for Iodine-131
= 5.644 × 10–30 kg Masa diambil untuk keaktifan menjadi separuh
(ii) Tenaga/ Energy, E = (5.644 × 10–30) (3 × 108)2 daripada keaktifan asal dikenali sebagai
= 5.0796 × 10–13 J separuh hayat
(d) The time taken for the activity to become half of the
Spesifikasi/ Specification Sebab/ Reason original activity is known as half-life
(b) (i) 234
90 Th
→ 234 0
91Pa + –1e
Bahan untuk moderator: Untuk memperlahan kelajuan
Grafit neutron terhasil oleh pembelahan (ii) 3 zarah alfa dan 2 zarah beta
Material for moderator: To slow down the fast neutrons 3 alpha particles and 2 beta particles
Graphite produced by the fission (c)
Bahan untuk rod penga- Untuk menyerap neutron/ Aspek/ Aspects Sebab/ Reason
wal: Boron Mengurangkan kadar tindak Lokasi di pesisir tasik, Membekalkan air sejuk
Material for control rod: balas pembelahan sungai atau laut yang banyak
Boron To absorb some of the neutrons/ Located at shores of lake, river Supply large quantity of
Reduce the rate of the fission or ocean cooling water
reaction
Dinding konkrit tebal Mengelakkan kebocoran
Muatan haba tentu Menyerap lebih banyak haba Thick concrete wall radiasi ke persekitaran
penyejuk:Tinggi Absorb more heat To prevent leakage of
Specific heat capacity of radiation to surrounding
coolant: High
Boron/ Kadmium sebagai Mengawal tindak balas
Separuh hayat bahan api Tidak perlu ganti secara kerap rod pengawal dengan menyerap neutron
nuklear: Panjang No need to replace often Boron/ Cadmium as control rod To control reaction by absorb
Half-life of nuclear fuel: neutrons
Long
Air sebagai agen penyejuk Air mempunyai muatan
Reaktor nuklear R dipilih kerana grafit sebagai bahan Water as cooling agent haba tentu tinggi/ Boleh
moderator, boron sebagai bahan rod pengawal, muatan menyerap haba yang
haba tentu penyejuk tinggi dan separuh hayat reaktor banyak
nuklear panjang. Water has high specific heat
Nuclear reactor R is chosen because graphite as material for capacity/ Can absorb large
moderator, boron as control rod, high specific heat capacity of amount of heat
coolant and long half-life of the nuclear reactor

Sisa radioaktif ditanam Mengelakkan radiasi (b) – Apabila sel foto (katod) disinari oleh cahaya,
bawah tanah terdedah tenaga foton akan diserap oleh elektron dalam
Radioactive wastes are buried Prevent exposure to the logam
underground radiation When the photocell (cathode) is illuminated by light,
photon energy will be absorbed by electrons in the metal
– Tenaga foton digunakan untuk membebaskan
BAB
Fizik Kuantum elektron daripada permukaan logam dan lebihan
7 Quantum Physics tenaga akan menjadi tenaga kinetik fotoelektron
Kertas 1 Photon energy is used to release the electron from the
metal surface and the extra energy will become the
1 D 2 B 3 D 4 B 5 A kinetic energy of the photoelectron.
6 C 7 D 8 C 9 A 10 D – Fotoelektron yang terpancar akan tertarik ke arah
11 B 12 B 13 A 14 B 15 D anod
16 C 17 A 18 C The emitted photoelectrons are attracted to the anode
– Pergerakan fotoelektron daripada katod ke anod
Kertas 2 menghasilkan arus fotoelektrik
The movement of the photoelectrons from cathode to
Bahagian A the anode produces photoelectric current
1 (a) Pancaran elektron dari suatu permukaan logam (c) – Fungsi kerja litium lebih tinggi daripada caesium
apabila disinari oleh satu alur cahaya pada frekuensi Work function of lithium is higher than work function of
caesium
tertentu
Emission of electron from a metal surface when it is – Frekuensi ambang litium lebih tinggi daripada
illuminated by a beam of light at a certain frequency caesium
(b) Threshold frequency of lithium is higher than threshold
Cahaya
frequency of caesium
Permukaan logam Light
– Panjang gelombang maksimum untuk
metal surface
penghasilan arus fotoelektrik bagi litium lebih
kecil daripada caesium
Maximum wavelength for photoelectric current
generation of lithium is shorter than maximum
wavelength for photoelectric current generation of
caesium
– Semakin tinggi fungsi kerja logam, semakin
tinggi frekuensi ambangnya.
(c) (i) hf = W + KE The higher the work function of metal, the higher the
W = hf – KE threshold frequency.
= [(6.63 × 10−34)(6 × 1014)] − – Semakin tinggi fungsi kerja logam, semakin
(6.2 × 10−20) kecil panjang gelombang maksimum untuk
= 3.358 × 10−19 J penghasilan arus fotoelektrik.
(ii) W = hfo The higher the work function of metal, the shorter
w the maximum wavelength for photoelectric current
fo = generation.
h
(d)
(3.358 × 10–19)
= Cadangan/ Suggestion Penerangan/ Explanation
6.63 × 10–34
= 5.06 × 1014 Hz Katod dibalut dengan Menukarkan tenaga suria
(d) KE/ J logam/caesium/litium kepada tenaga elektrik/
Cathode is coated with Memancarkan elektron
metal/ caesium/ lithium apabila katod disinari cahaya
Can convert solar energy to
electric current / able to emit
electrons when the cathode is
illuminated by light
0
0
5.06 × 1014
f / Hz Fungsi kerja logam Tenaga untuk memancarkan
(e) Bertambah rendah fotoelektrik rendah
Increases Low work function of metal Energy needed for a
photoelectron to be emitted is low
Bahagian C Frekuensi ambang rendah Frekuensi cahaya minimum
2 (a) Alat yang boleh menukarkan tenaga suria kepada Low threshold frequency untuk logam memancarkan
tenaga elektrik elektron rendah
A device that can convert solar energy into electrical The minimum frequency of
energy light needed for a metal to emit
electrons is low

Jarak dekat di antara Medan elektrik lebih kuat 1
(c) (i) mv2 = 2.4 × 10–19 J
katod dan anod Stronger electric field 2
Short distance between 2 × 2.4 × 10–19
v2 =
cathode and anode 9.1 × 10–31
Tiub kaca tebal Tidak mudah pecah = 5.27 × 1011
Thick glass tube Does not break easily v = 7.3 × 105 m s–1
h
Tiub kaca yang vakum Mengelakkan perlanggaran (ii) λ =
The glass tube must be
p
antara molekul udara dengan
vacuumed h
fotoelektron = mv
To prevent collision between air
and photoelectron
6.63 × 10–34
=
(7.3 × 105) (9.1 × 10–31)
= 1.0 × 10–9 m
Kertas Model (iii) Bilangan jalur terang dan gelap berkurang
The number of bright and dark fringes decreases
Kertas 1 (iv) Mikroskop elektron/ Electron microscope
5 (a) Bahan yang mempunyai nukleus yang tidak stabil
1 C 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C Material that has unstable nucleus
6 C 7 D *8 A 9 A 10 C (b) X: Zarah alfa
11 D 12 C 13 A 14 B 15 B Alpha particle
16 A 17 B 18 B 19 B 20 B Z: Zarah beta
21 B 22 C *23 C 24 B 25 C Beta particle
26 D 27 A 28 A 29 B 30 D (c) Jisim Z lebih ringan daripada X
31 C 32 C 33 B 34 A 35 B Mass of Z is lighter than X
36 C 37 D *38 D 39 B 40 A (d) P: Zarah alfa/ Alpha particle
* Rujuk Errata Q: Tenaga/ Energy
Kertas 2 atau/ or
P: Tenaga/ Energy
Bahagian A
Q: Zarah alfa/ alpha particle
*1 (a) Kadar perubahan halaju (e) (i) Tempoh untuk bahan radioaktif menjadi
Rate of change of velocity separuh daripada jisim asal/ keaktifan menjadi
(b) (i) W = mg separuh daripada keaktifan asal
= 30 × 9.81 The time taken for a sample of radioactive nuclei to
= 294.3 N decay to half of its original mass/ activity become
(c) (ii) F2 – 100 = 3 × 30 half of the original activitity
F2 = 160 N (ii) 8 hari/ days (Tunjukkan pada graf/ Show in the
(d) 0/ Sifar/ Zero * Rujuk Errata graph)
2 (a) Daya memusat/ Centripetal force Aktiviti/ bilangan per minit
(b) r = 3500 + 6370 Activity/ counts per minute
= 9870 km
Gm1 m
(c) F=
r2
2000
(6.67 × 10–11 (100) (5.97 × 1024)
=
(9870 × 103)2
1500
= 408.76 N
(d) Berkurang/ Decreases
3 (a) (i) Berkadar terus/ Directly proportional 1000
(ii) v = 40 m s–1
(iii) Kecerunan/ Gradient,
80 – 0 500
m=
35 – 0
= 2.29 m s–2
Masa pereputan/ hari
(b) Pecutan/ Acceleration 0
4 8 12 16 20 24 25 Decay time/ day
4 (a) Kedualan gelombang-zarah
Wave-particle duality 6 (a) npn
(b) (i) Eksperimen pembelauan elektron (b) Rintangan PPC berkurang apabila keamatan cahaya
Diffraction of electron experiment bertambah
(ii) Eksperimen kesan fotoelektrik The resistance of LDR decreases as the light intensity
Photoelectric effect experiment increases

(c) (i) Rintangan PPC dalam Rajah 6.1 lebih besar Bahagian B
daripada Rajah 6.2
The resistance of LDR in Diagram 6.1 is larger than
9 (a) Tekanan disebabkan berat cecair yang bertindak ke
in Diagram 6.2 atas satu permukaan dalam cecair
The pressure due to the weight of the liquid applied on a
(ii) Beza keupayaan tapak, VBE dalam Rajah 6.1
surface area of the liquid
lebih rendah daripada Rajah 6.2
The base potential difference, VBE in Diagram 6.1 is
(b) (i) – Kedalaman air bertambah
The depth of water increases
lower than in Diagram 6.2
(iii) Mentol dalam Rajah 6.1 tidak menyala – Tekanan bertambah
The pressure increases
manakala mentol dalam Rajah 6.2 menyala
The bulb in Diagram 6.1 does not light up while the
– P = hpg
bulb in Diagram 6.2 lights up – Menghasilkan daya yang besar dan air
(d) Beza keupayaan tapak, VBE bertambah, mentol keluar lebih cepat
Produces large force and water flows out faster
menyala
The base potential difference, VBE increases, the bulb lights (ii) Berkurang/ Decreases
up (c)
*(e) (i) Mentol akan menyala pada waktu malam Ciri/ Characteristic Sebab/ Reason
The bulb will light up at night
(ii) Beza keupayaan tapak, VBE tinggi pada waktu Ketumpatan: Rendah Ringan
Density: Low Lighter
malam
High base potential difference, VBE at night Takat didih: Tinggi – Tidak mudah meruap/ mendidih
* Rujuk Errata Boiling point: High Not easily vapourise/ boiled
(f) Penguat arus/ Current amplifier – Tahan suhu tinggi
7 (a) (i) Kadar perubahan tenaga/ kadar pemindahan Withstand high temperature
tenaga elektrik Kebolehmampatan: – Tekanan dipindahkan dengan
Rate of change of energy/ Rate of electrical energy Rendah seragam
transmission Compressibility: Low Pressure transmits uniformly
(ii) P = I 2 R – Tekanan sama pada semua arah
= 22 (3) Same pressure at all direction
= 12 W
Kadar pengewapan: – Tidak mudah meruap
(b) (i) Tungsten/ Tungsten Not easily vapourise
Rendah
Sebab: Rintangan tinggi/ Mudah panas – Tidak mudah bertukar menjadi
Rate of vaporisation:
Reason: High resistance/ Hot quickly Low gas
(ii) Filamen gegelung bergelung Not easily change into gas
Coiled coil filament
Sebab: Lebih Panjang/ Rintangan tinggi Cecair hidraulik X dipilih kerana ketumpatan rendah,
Reason: Longer/ High resistance takat didih tinggi, kebolehmampatan rendah dan kadar
(iii) Tinggi/ High pengewapan rendah
Sebab: Kurang pembaziran tenaga Hydraulic liquid X is chosen because low density, high boiling
Reason: Energy saving point, low compressibility and low rate of vaporisation
8 (a) (i)
F1 F2
(d) (i) =
A1 A2
Kaca 4000 F2
Glass =
50 200
Pemantul F2 = 16 000 N
Reflector *(ii) Diberi berat Q, WQ = 5000 N
Given weight of Q, WQ = 5000 N
(ii) Pantulan/ Reflection W = F2 – WQ

(b) (i) Parabola/ Cekung = 16 000 – 5000
Parabolic/ Concave = 11 000 N * Rujuk Errata
Sebab: Menumpukan haba/ cahaya 10 (a) Sesaran maksimum daripada kedudukan keseimbangan
Maximum displacement from its equilibrium
Reason: Focused heat/ light
(b) – Panjang bandul D dan X adalah sama
(ii) Besar/ Big The length of pendulums D and X are the same
Sebab: Mengumpul lebih banyak haba – Apabila bandul X disesarkan, bandul-bandul lain
Reason: Collect more heat
turut berayun
(iii) Pada titik fokus When pendulum X is displaced, other pendulums also
At focal point
oscillate
Sebab: Haba tertumpu pada makanan – Tenaga dipindahkan melalui tali
Reason: Heat focused on the food
Energy is transferred through the string

– Kedua-dua bandul D dan X mempunyai frekuensi – Masa untuk memasak oleh kuali M lebih
yang sama panjang
Both pendulums D and X have same frequency Time for food to be cooked of frying pan M is
– Bandul X dan D berada pada keadaan resonans longer than frying pan N
Pendulums X and D at resonance state – Perubahan suhu kuali M lebih kecil
– Bandul D berayun dengan amplitud maksimum daripada kuali N
Pendulum D oscillates at maximum amplitude The change in temperature of frying pan M is
(c) smaller than frying pan N
– Semakin besar muatan haba tentu, semakin
Ciri/ Characteristic Sebab/ Reason
panjang masa untuk memasak
Diameter piring parabola: – Mengumpul banyak The higher the specific heat capacity, the longer
Besar isyarat the time for food to be cooked
Diameter of parabolic dish: Collect more signals – Semakin besar muatan haba tentu, semakin
Large – Menerima isyarat yang kecil kadar perubahan suhu
banyak The higher the specific heat capacity, the smaller
Receives more signals the rate change in temperature of the frying pan
Jenis gelombang – Frekuensi tinggi (b) – Periuk kukus ditutup memastikan stim tidak
dipancarkan: Gelombang High frequency dapat keluar
mikro – Tenaga tinggi The steamer is closed with the lid so that the steam does
Type of wave transmitted: High energy not flow out
Microwave – Stim terkondensasi ke atas ikan
The steam condenses on the fish
Jarak penerima isyarat Isyarat ditumpukan pada – Ikan menyerap haba pendam tentu pengewapan
dari piring parabola: Sama titik fokus The fish absorbs the latent heat of vapourisation
dengan jarak panjang fokus Signal is focused at focal point – Air mempunyai haba pendam tentu yang tinggi
Distance of signal receiver to
menyebabkan ikan dapat masak dengan cepat
the parabolic dish: Same as
Water has high latent heat that causes the fish to be
the focal length
cooked faster
Ketinggian piring parabola: Kurang halangan (c)
Tinggi Less obstacles
Cadangan/ Suggestion Sebab/ Reason
Height of parabolic dish: High
Bahan badan periuk: Muatan Cepat panas
Sistem radar K dipilih kerana berdiameter besar,
haba tentu rendah Hot quickly
gelombang mikro, jarak penerima isyarat dari piring
Material for the body of the
parabola sama dengan jarak panjang fokus dan piring cooker: Low specific heat capacity
parabola di tempat yang tinggi
Rada system K is chosen because of large diameter, use Dinding periuk: Tebal Dapat menahan tekanan
microwave, distance of signal receiver to the parabolic dish same Wall of the pot: Thick tinggi
as the focal length and the parabolic dish is located at high place Able to withstand high
pressure
v
(b) (i) 𝜆 =
t Penutup: Mempunyai lapisan – Mengelak stim
1500 getah terkeluar
= Lid: Has rubber layer Avoid steam flow out
120000
= 0.0125 m – Kedap udara
1 Air-tight
(ii) s = vt
2 Pemegang diperbuat daripada – Muatan haba tentu
1 bahan penebat haba tinggi
= (1500)(0.05) High specific heat
2 Handle made of insulator heat
= 37.5 m material capacity
– Lambat panas
Slowly become hot
Bahagian C
11 (a) (i) Keadaan di mana kadar pemindahan haba Jisim periuk: Kecil – Senang dikendalikan
Mass of the cooker: Small Easy to handle
bersih adalah sifar/ suhu dua objek yang
– Mudah alih
bersentuhan adalah sama Portable
A state where the net heat transfer is zero/
temperatures of two objects in contact are the same Ciri keselamatan: Mempunyai Mengeluarkan gas
(ii) – Muatan haba tentu kuali M lebih tinggi injap pelepas pelepas bertekanan tinggi
daripada kuali N Safety feature: Has pressure Release high gas pressure
Specific heat capacity of frying pan M is higher released valve
than frying pan N

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JAWAPAN

Tingkatan 4 4 (a) (i) Arus/ Current, I

1 (a) Kuantiti ﬁzik yang mempunyai magnitud dan arah 5.0

Jarak/ Distance Halaju/ Velocity

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(i) t = 11.08 s, 12.50 s, 13.98 s, 15.40 s, 16.69 s

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r2 (b) (i) Selang masa yang diambil untuk bergerak di

(b) v = 2 (6.67 × 10–11)(5.98 × 2024)

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= (0.7)(4200)(40 – 0) 1 (a) (i) Suhu/ Temperature

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C F Objek Jarak objek, u: f < u <2f Untuk mendapatkan imej

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(a) (i) Kotak sinar dihidupkan supaya sinar cahaya Bahagian A

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Bilangan spring digunakan: Meningkatkan kekenyalan BAB

Pemalar spring: Rendah Lebih banyak pemanjangan Kertas 1

1 (a) (i) Jisim, m Bahagian A

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J23 © Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U)