Operative lec 20

Dr.Mona
The Art of Smile Design
Using Dental Veneers
‫وبعدين نبدأ الساليدس‬veneers ‫هنبدأ بمقدمة سريعة عن ال‬
-laminated veneers became a want-based dentistry not a need-based
dentistry.
‫يعني دلوقتي المرضي بيطلبوه بنفسهم‬
# the steps of the procedure:
- treatment planning
- designing
- fabrication
- cementation which is the most critical step as most of veneers failure
due to bonding

# there ia a very big evolution in resin cements , especially in :

- primers inside resin cements (dual/light cure)
- esthetic potential of resin cementation and bonding figure of them.
‫بس الحاجات دي بقي فيها تطور سريع خصوصا دخول التكنولوجيا في مجالنا‬

●Laminate Veneer (def)

- A veneer is a layer of tooth colored material that is applied to a tooth
for esthetically restoring localized or generalized defects or intrinsic
discolorations.

# it could be :
- direct composite resin
- indirect composite resin
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- ceramics
- hybrid composite
- hybrid ceramics

● History of veneers:
- introduced into dentistry around 1938 ( by charles pinus )
- faunce and calamia 1987 (work on adhesion)
- They became a more reliable procedure after the introduction of acid
etching and silanization of the veneers before cementing them with a
resin luting cement (1990s).

-Veneers are becoming routine elective restorations for improvement

of appearance:
• robust ceramic materials
•suitable resin cements
‫انما ال‬debonding ‫بيحصل اكتر حاجة بسبب ال‬failure ‫والدكتورة قالت ان ال‬
premolars ‫مبشوفهوش اال في ال‬fracture

# Laminate Veneer may be:

-labial laminate
-palatal laminate
‫؟‬palatal veneers ‫ليه بنعمل‬
‫ودول كتير او‬sjogren syndrome ‫او حاالت ال‬chemotherapy ‫الحاالت اللي بتاخد‬
acidic nature ‫كتير واي حالة فيها‬vomite ‫الناس ديه بت‬gastric bands ‫اللي مركبين‬
enamel ‫بيحصلهم‬erosion and abrasion ‫زي كمان ال‬compromised
demineralization
‫ديه بتضعف اسنانهم اكتر بسبب تحضيرها وال ال ؟‬veneers ‫وبالتالي بيسألوا هل ال‬
‫االجابة ال النها بتحميهم من مضاعفات كتير ممكن تحصل‬
bite ‫والمشكلة الوحيدة انها ممكن ترفع ال‬

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● Indications for Veneers: (essay#)
-Alignment : to certain extent as minor alignment or major alignment
provided ( patient with major alignment is going an ortho RX )
‫بس بعد االورثو لو الحالة تستاهل‬veneers ‫ممكن نحط‬major ‫في ال‬

- Diastema closure
- Shape
- Size: peg laterals ( veneers are the best Rx as minimally invasive )
- color: extrinsic staining, fluorosis, non-vitality, yellowing teeth by age
and pipe smoking
‫دلوقتي الموضوع اختلف‬indicated for crown ‫زمان كان اي سنة بنعملها اندو بتكون‬

‫في البداية‬discoloration ‫وبعد كذا سنة نالقي حصل‬trauma ‫لما بيجيلنا بيشنت اخد‬
‫تسمح بكده ساعتها بنلعب‬bite ‫لو ال‬veneers ‫وبعدها‬non vital bleaching ‫بنعمل‬
‫لون السنة‬block ‫عشان ن‬resin cement ‫بالوان ال‬

-Trauma: fractures (ex: class IV)

‫وكل شوية يقع خصوصا بسبب ال‬class IV ‫في‬composite ‫ساعات بالقي واحد عامل‬
‫عشان ال‬ceramics ‫خصوصا‬veneers ‫لل‬shift ‫ساعتها بن‬incisal edge position
‫بيكون اقوي‬resin cement ‫بتاعه مع‬adhesion

- tetracycline cases
- to correct discrepancies in tooth size and length. ( open bite cases as
there is no stress on incisal edges )

● Indications of palatal laminate

1- Erosion of palatal surface. (Bulima Nervosa) 2- Wearing of the
palatal surface.

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● Contraindications (essay#)
- Aesthetic veneers, regardless of their type, should not be performed
under the following circumstances:

1. With some of the patients classified as Class III. ( edge to edge)

• upper teeth are under flexion force while lower teeth are under
compression force so debonding occur and fracture .

2. Teeth lacking sufficient enamel for veneer retention and/or to offer

an adequate margin seal.
• veneers are the worst bonded esthetic restoration.
• we bond to enamel not dentin.

3. Extensive loss of supporting enamel (go for crown)

4.Severe abrasion/erosion .( go for complete coverage )

5.Extensive existing restoration or caries (class IV or V) because you

must have finish line on enamel .
6.Severe bruxism ( deflection and debonding) 7.Moderate/severe
malpositions, except if patient will go for ortho Rx.

- N.B : Do not to place porcelain veneers on any tooth that has more
than 30% exposed dentin after preparation.

● prerequisites of laminate veneer

- Veneers should present the following requisites:
1. Replicate tooth contour, with a minimum thickness
2. Smooth surface and margins, capable of retaining high luster.
3. To be able to mask all sorts of discolorations without
 the need of
an excessive increase in the thickness.

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4. To be able to copy well tooth natural colors, both at cervical and at
its middle portion and incisal.
5. To be biocompatible
6. To be wear resistant.
7. To be highly resistant to staining.
8. To be easy to perform.
9. When in service, to resist fracture and be easily repaired or
substituted in case fracture does occur.

● Classification of laminate veneers

I.porcelain ( indirect)
II.Composite ( direct or indirect with CAD CAM )

# The esthetic option of veneers

Materials update
Adhesive dent

Should I Use Composite or Porcelain?

● Success of Veneers
- Meijering et al. After 2.5 years of follow up
▪ Porcelain Veneers 92%
▪ Indirect Composite Veneers 90%
▪ Direct Composite Veneers 74%

● Indirect Composite Veneers (hybrid)

- I take an impression , send it to the lab
- the lab fabricate it from free handed composite technique or from
ready made blocks on CAD CAM .

- the composite block , the are not pure composite , they are
composite resin and ceramic
- so it is not brittle , resilient like dentin that reduces fracture .
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 ‫علشان تبقي‬composite ‫فاضافوا عليها‬brittle ‫الخام بتكون‬ceramic ‫الفكرة جت ان ال‬
more resilient

# Systems on the market :

■ BelleGlass HP, Kerr >> not good system
■ Sculpture/FibreKor
■ Solidex, Shofu,
■ Art glass, Jelenko >> good system
‫بس عامة دول ممشوش كويس في الماركت‬
■ $ 3M ESPE ‫اسم الشركة‬
- LAVA Ultimate restoration is a resin nanoceramic
- a new class of CAD CAM material with unique functionally .
- a resin nano ceramic has an elastic modulus that is comparable to
dentin , which is much lower than brittle glass ceramic material .
- could be used as any restoration except bridges .

■ VITA ENAMIC
- The first hybrid ceramic that combines the best properties of polymer
and ceramic.
‫مش رخيصة ابدا بس يعتبروا ال‬indirect composite blocks ‫بالرغم ان اسعار ال‬
ceramics ‫بتاعهم افضل كتير من ال‬bonding

● The Advantages of Composite Veneers (direct)

- Less expensive
- Completed in one appointment
- May not require anesthesia
- More conservative prep
- Less abrasive
- May be repaired
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● Disadvantages of Composite Veneers
- Color instability
- Wear
- Polymerization Shrinkage

● porecelain veneers ‫متشرحش‬

# Different Brands of Porcelain Veneers:
1. Lumineers brand veneers:
- video veneers that are leucite reinforced pressed ceramic (porcelain)
made only by Ceranate from Denmat Corp ‫شركة‬thickness of only .2
mm, like contact lenses.
‫ومشكلة ال‬minimally invasive ‫اسمها‬no prep veneers ‫اصال مفيش حاجة اسمها‬
: ‫نفسه‬approach ‫في ال‬no prep

● disadvantages of no prep veneers:

- the finish line in cervical margin even it’s supra or equigingiva , there
si always niche (little corner) cause bacterial accumulation , ginvivitis ,
recession and leakage .
- there is just an incisal edge roundation without reduction , so during
protrusion flexure occur in upper veneers cause debonding .

-N.B :
- if you make a ceramic veneer , you need a finish line as a step
veneer ‫يعني حاجة تقعد عليها ال‬

2.Empress Veneers ( most popular)

- This brand is a pressed ceramic veneer made by Ivoclar Corporation
and sold to dental laboratories all over the world

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Advantages of Pressed Ceramics
• Strength : at least two times stronger than feldspathic.
• Wearability : Pressed ceramic porcelain is less abrasive to opposing
teeth than feldspathic porcelain.

- N.B : if we use E-max in veneers ( E-max is lithium disilicate ceramics )

we have to do cut back step to add low fused feldspathic porcelain
layer .
- veneers prep must be highly polished with no roughness ( cause
esthetic changes ) as veneers depend on micromechanical retention.
‫حلوة جدا الزم‬translucency ‫و‬vitality (esthetic) ‫ب‬veneers ‫اوال علشان اعمل‬
lithium ‫الناس بتستخدمه مع انه‬E-max ‫طب فيه‬low fused feldspathic ، ‫تكون‬
opaque ‫و‬dull ‫و‬vitality ‫واقل‬disilicate ceramics
E-max ‫دي عبارة اني بعد ما بعمل ال‬cut-back step ‫بيقولك بقي بنعمل خطوة ال‬
low fused ‫تكون‬porcelain ‫بشيل منه طبقة بسيطة جدا واضيف علبه طبقة‬veneer
‫بعد كده ادخله الفرن تاني‬vitality ‫عشان يحسن ال‬feldspathic
‫فعشان‬mm 0.7 -0.5 ‫بتاعه حوالي‬thickness ‫بيكون ال‬veneer ‫بس تخيل معايا كده ال‬
‫صعبة‬cut back ‫واضيف التاني محتاج معمل شاطر عشان كده خطوة ال‬mm 0.2 ‫نشيل‬

‫او ال‬empress ‫لوحده مش وحش وكتير بيستخدموه لكن لو جيت قارنته بال‬emax ‫ال‬
light reflection and refraction ‫حيكون فيه اختالف في ال‬feldspathic

●Stratification Method ‫متشرحش بس مهم جدا‬

▪ Stratification is the process of forming layers.
▪ It is based on the concept that the tooth, the resin cement , and
porcelain veneer must be manipulated precisely for optimal clinical
result.
1. Tooth preparation
2. Resin Interface Space
3. Porcelain Veneer formulation Vitality
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 vitality ‫علشان احقق ال‬in harmony ‫يعني الزم التالتة دول يكونوا‬
‫ اسنان مثال‬١٠ ‫ولو بعمل‬enamel ‫متكونش زيادة بمعني انها تكون في ال‬prep ‫الزم ال‬
‫يكونوا قد بعض مينفعش حتة اشيل منها اكتر من التانية‬incisal reduction ‫الزم ال‬

- because veneers are really thin restorations and tooth is showing in

the back , so if you get non-harmonious incisal reduction , there will be
sometimes discrepancies by human eye in terms of color and
transparency .

● Porcelain veneer formulation ‫مهم بس متشرحش‬

- Vitality will depend on:
▪ The Ceramist >> Layered characterization
▪ The porcelain opacity >>% of graded opacity
▪ Pigmentation of the porcelain
▪ The Brand of the porcelain

- N.B : according to opacity :

Lithium disilicate ceramics (more opaque) > leucite reinforced > low
fused feldspathic porcelain ( more glassy ).

TOOTH PREPARATION:
- Some controversy exists regarding the extent of tooth preparation
that is necessary and the amount of coverage for veneers
- Direct and indirect preparations are identical

- note post grade : if dentin is exposed during prep , we go for another

kinds of approaches or use immediate dentin sealing .

# Preparation
▪ Preparation remains in the enamel
▪Facial reduction 0.3-0.5mm
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# Exception:
- facial aspect of the tooth is under contoured because of severe
abrasion or erosion.
- In these cases, mere roughening of the involved enamel and defining
of the peripheral margins are indicated ( but still need to have finish
line )
- so , minimally invasive prep with very thin margin.
mm thickness0.2 ‫تتحمل لحد‬ceramics ‫وفيه دلوقتي‬

VENEER PREPARATION KIT

■ Round-ended taper diamond bur :
- Depth cut
- Facial, gingival, incisal reduction
■ Needle-shaped diamond bur :
- Remove "lip" at interproximal area

- Varied opinions on reduction amounts and preparation design.

- Every step is evidence based
- Major concern is tooth preparation

● BDJ Study ( British dental journal ) ‫متشرحش‬

prep ‫دراسة اتعملت علي كذا طريقة في ال‬
▪ Group A: free hand preparation
▪ Group B: Silicone Index
▪ Group C: Depth gauge

#Outcomes:
• Group A under-reduced
• Group B over-reduced, but within 0.1mm
• Group C over-reduced, but preferable to group B
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 ‫بس شكلها غلط ومكتوبة في ورق السنة اللي‬preferable to group A ‫في الساليد مكتوبة‬
B ‫فاتت‬

# $ conclusion:
- if you need to start a veneer prep , you need to use depth gauge burs
( gp C)
index ‫يعني نستخدم‬gp B and C ‫الدراسة ديه قديمة النهم بيقولوا ان االفضل حاليا نستخدم‬
>>> ‫ودا اللي قاله‬depth gauge burs ‫ونقطع من خالله باستخدام ال‬mock up ‫اللي هو‬

# Galieb Gurell
- mock up using digital smile design ( act as a guide for cutting "mock
up guided prep" )

- Another controversy involves the location of the gingival margin of

the veneer Should it terminate :
1. Short of the free gingival crest (supragingiva)
2. At the level of the gingival crest (equigingiva)
3. Apical of the gingival crest? depends on the individual
situation.(subgingiva)

- this depends on individual situation, but by evidence base >>

equigingival finish line is the best.

# the only logical reasons for extending the margin subgingival is :

- if the area is carious or defective
- there is no enough enamel
- short teeth >> decrease incisal reduction.
- If the defect or discoloration does not extend subgingivally, then the
margin of the veneer should not extend subgingivally.
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-The only logical reason for extending the margin subgingivally is if the
area is carious or defective,
- we never do supragingival finish line as it will compromise Aesthetics
caused by time ,resin cement discoloration will occur due to
discoloration and photo initiators
- also at the time of insertion there will be discrepancies because the
cervical third is darker than the middle and incisal thirds.
‫الزم تكون‬tooth ‫في اجزاء في ال‬equigingival ‫ومع ذلك حتي لو هنعمل‬
>> ‫زي‬subgingivally

# Proximo-gingival ‫متشرحش‬
- in all cases it is a must to go subgingival and this area , as this area
covered with free gingiva (not attached interdental papilla)
- by time recession ,exposure of finish line, stained and discoloration
would occur

- question : we don't go subgingival unless there is a defect

except in case of proximo-gingival reduction.

WINDOW PREPARATION
■ Requires strong tooth structure at the incisal edge
■ Most commonly used on canine and posterior teeth
■ Contraindicated if the patient has any habitual function on the incisal
edge

● VENEERS ESTHETICS – OUTLINE FORM

- ½ incisal edge width
- proximal to contact ( most common and traditional one is to keep
contact area preserved" leave it as it is")

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 ‫مش بنكسرها اال في حاالت معينة‬
ceramic to ceramic ‫علشان اسهل ليه يعمل‬contact ‫المعامل دايما تقولك اكسر ال‬
contact
- we prep in 2 facial planes (gingival 1/3, incisal 2/3)
double coded ‫وده بظبطه باستعمال ال‬full coverage restoration ‫زي كإني بعمل‬
burs (green and red)
- after prep ,Remove the “Lip” on the Proximal Surface Use needle
diamond bur

● INCISAL AND LINGUAL REDUCTION :

- we go for half incisal edge width
‫يعني بدخل لجوه نص عرضه‬
- reduction from 1 to 2 mm (depends on incisal edge position)
- butt joint with roundation of facial incisal line angle
short crown >> ‫طب لو جاتلي حالة انا عاوز اطول السنة شوية زي حاالت ال‬

- We go for incisal overlap design (incisal and lingual reduction) ‫مهم‬

-if incisal edge length is to be increased ( short crown - reverse smile ) ,
the preparation should extend to the lingual
lock ‫كاني بعمله‬palatal ‫عند ال‬chamfer finish line ‫بخلي ال‬
away from occlusal between upper and lower ‫بس الزم اخد بالي يكون‬
‫في الحالة ديه ال‬protrusion ‫ اذن لما البيشنت يعمل‬، ‫ده‬overlap ‫لو معملتش ال‬
‫ده هيتكسر‬debonding ‫مس هيحصله‬veneer

# An incisal lapping preparation is indicated when:

1. Tooth being veneered needs lengthening
2. An incisal defect warrants restoration.
3. To get more interlock onto tooth in case there is no enough enamel
for bonding .
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# advantages of incisal overlapping prep :
- Facilitates accurate seating of the veneer upon cementation
- allows for improved esthetics along the incisal edge.
‫مفيش وراه‬incisal edge ‫عند ال‬porcelain ‫من ال‬thickness ‫عشان هيكون عندي‬
translucency ‫والعب في ال‬vitality ‫اقدر ساعتها احسن ال‬tooth structure

- Lengthening: unsupported ceramic extension may break during

function ( during protrusion )

● All in All : ‫مهم‬

A. 0.3 mm cervically
B. 0.5 mm facially
C. 1-2 mm incisal reduction or (half the incisal edge width
)
D. Incisal edge flattened
E. Facio-incisal line angle roundation for ceramic strength
F. Butt joint margin on lingual surface

G.MARGINS:
- equigingival ( except proximo-gingiva >> subgingival)
-Long chamfer
-Obtuse cavosurface angle to expose the enamel prisms ends at the
margins for better etching and bonding.
- incisal overlap must be away from occlusal contact
‫علي الموديل‬insertion ‫عن طريق قبل ال‬occlusal contact ‫ممكن اتاكد من حكاية ال‬
‫قافلين فين بالظبط‬lowers ‫اقفلهم علي بعض واشوف ال‬
- outline is proximal to contact area
H. FINISHING:
- must be rounded with no sharp internal margins ( by interproximal
finishing strips )
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● N.B : in veneer prep
- firstly , we do depth cut grooves by using burs which is cylindrical in
shape in one or two thickness
- secondly, we use double coded burs (green and red )
• green in middle and incisal thirds
• red in cervical third
loss ‫بتاعته بتكون‬tip ‫وال‬double colors ‫العادي بس ب‬TR ‫وده بيكون شبه ال‬
‫عشان تختفي وبكدا‬grooves ‫اقل وباستامه بمشي علي ال‬prep ‫علشان تعمل‬course
‫الصح‬thickness ‫اكون وصلت لل‬

"Special situations "

● Midline Diastema: ‫مهم‬
- preparations on the mesials of both central incisors are extended to
the mesiolingual line angles to allow subsequent restoration of the
proximal contacts
‫طب ليه ؟‬incisal overlap ‫نفس فكرة ال‬mesio-lingual ‫من ال‬lock ‫يعني بعمل‬

- to have more retention

- to have porcelain to porcelain contact area

● Tetracycline stained teeth

- extend preparation onto the lingual surface to decrease risk of dark
shadows
dark lines in between ‫عشان ميبقاش فيه‬contacts ‫يبقي الزم افتح ال‬

‫اللي جاي ده كله الدكتور مشرحتهوش في الفيديوهات وفيه ناس قالتلي المفروض ان كان له‬
‫فيديو بس منزلش عامة هكمل عادي‬

!‫اد ايه ؟‬prep ‫ حاالت العيادة واعرف هعملهم‬٣ ‫طيب دلوقتي هنقول‬
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1.If Change in Shade Between Intended Veneer Shade and Prepared
Tooth Shade is 2 or Less (A3 >> A2 )‫مثال‬then :
■ Gingival Reduction is 0.3 mm
■ Facial Reduction is 0.5 mm
‫يعني بيلعب في درجتين زيادة او‬A2 ‫وعاوزها تكون‬A3 ‫يعني لو فيه بيشنت درجة اسنانه‬
‫نقصان بس‬

2.If Change in Shade Between Intended Veneer Shade and Prepared

Tooth Shade is 3 shades or More ( A3 to B1) then :
■ Gingival Reduction is 0.5 mm
■ Facial Reduction is 0.7 mm
‫ درجات اعلي او اقل‬٣ ‫هنا بيلعب في‬

3.If the Prepared Tooth Shade is Vita C4 or Darker or Severe

Tetracycline Staining then :
■ Gingival Reduction is 0.6 mm
■ Facial Reduction is 0.8 - 1 mm

● Multiple teeth
- When multiple teeth are being prepared , incisal reduction should be
symmetrical (eg, both both prepared lateral incisors should be the
same length) for more uniform esthetics in the final restorations .
- After completion of all veneer preparations , the dentist should
retract the patient’s lips and confirm the preparations are symmetrical
and parallel to the horizon.

● lower veneers
‫الدكتورة قالت مش مهم ومش هتسأل فيه وقالت انه زمان كان مش بيتعمل من صعوبته‬

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- make certain of a uniform reduction of the incisal edge ‫ده اللي نعرفه‬

- the incisal edges of mandibular anterior teeth should be routinely

covered with porcelain of at least 1.5 to 2 mm thickness .
- Incisal edge flattening with a resultant lingual margin is also
recommended for mandibular anterior teeth .

- Again the incisofacial line angle of the preparation must be rounded .

- Depth cuts of 0.3 mm are placed in the facial surfaces of the
mandibular anterior teeth ( photo in slides)
‫من اول هنا الكالم ده موجود في الساليد ومش موجود في محاضرات السنة اللي فاتت ما عدا‬
‫اخر جزء اللي هو ال‬
Bonding protocol

● Resin temporization Provisional

- The patient should never leave without a good provisional restoration
and a good smile. (It helps to estimate the final restorations)
-May not be necessary

# Techniques :
- Spot-tacked freehand composite resin
- Vacuum-formed matrix method :
• Composite resin
• Triad
• Acrylic resin
• Provisional Acrylic Resin
- Bond to a 2 mm dot at the labial of etched tooth

# Microfilled Composites
- Chemically-cured (automix) :
■ Luxatem
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■ Integrity
■ Protemp Garent
■ Temphas
- Dual-cured :
■ Provipont DC

# case :
- cured from the buccal and the lingual
•Once curing is complete the stent is removed and cured again.
• It is important to open the gingival embrasures so that they do not
impinge the papilla and be easily cleansed.

• Satisfied that the occlusal scheme is balanced in CR/CO and all

excursions, the restorations are polished with polishing paste to add
luster to the temporary veneers prior to dismissal.

● Resin cements
• Probably the most complex case of bonding involves cementing of
ceramic restorations. 1.Enamel and dentin are etched, primed, and
bonded.
2.The restoration is etched with hydrofluoric acid and bonded with
silane coupling agent.
3. Composite cement is used to attach the bonded dental surfaces to
the silanated ceramic surfaces.

● CERAMIC BONDING
• F ETCHING
• High-Leucite Porcelains
• High-Alumina Porcelains
• Alumina Cores (ProCera)
• Zirconia Cores (Cercon, Lava)
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- Four interfaces are actually involved : tooth structure / bonding agent
/ cement / silane / ceramic.
-The principles are all the same for the situation as in others.

# Organization for the bonding procedure:

- Veneers are luted two at a time starting with the central incisors and
continuing distally.

● Veneer try-in
• Porcelain Veneer is fragile before cementation, handle with care.
• Try-in gel: Water soluble orresinbased
• You do not have to apply the try in gel to all veneers

● Cementation
• Cementation and selection of the of the right shade and opacity is
vital
• Following the sequence of the steps is the most important for the
ease of cementation.
- Indirect ceramic veneers are cemented with Dual cure or light cure
resin cement having different shades and opacities

# Value Shading
• 7 LC value shades
- MV0 very translucent High values brighten Low values provide a
warming effect

# “Tack & Wave” Cementation:

• tack cure for 2-3 seconds
• clean excess with instruments and floss
• finish curing

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# case:
- Polymerize “dead center” each restoration)
- Light polymerize for at least 60 seconds per tooth from both buccal
and lingual
-“Pick" away excess using Bard Parker or scaler
-Remove excess resin cement with Scaler, #12 & #15 Bard-parker
Blades
- Ceri-saw
- 15 micron finishing diamond (Brasseler))
- 15 micron football-shaped diamond on lingual

● Finish and Polish

▪Adjust Occlusion
▪floss
▪Special Points for porcelain

● bonding protocols ‫مهم‬

# veneer :
Clean
Try in
Clean
HF etch 20 -30 sec
Rinse and dry
Silane

# tooth :
Remove provisionals
Clean
Etch with H3PO4 for 20 - 25 sec ( enamel)
Rinse and dry
Apply adhesive
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Light cure

# then:
- apply light cured cement onto veneer
- deliver veneer to prep
- tack cure for 2-3 seconds
- clean excess cement ( using floss )
- finish light cure

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