Pathology Midterm Exam.

*Theory Questions:
1) Which protein has an important role in transcytosis?
A)VEGF
B)Selectins
C)integrins
D)IL-1
E)TNF
Ans:A

2) Which combination is correct?

A)cytosolic receptors/microbial bodies
B)TLR/DAMPS
C)TLR/microbal bodies
D)C5a/opsinization
Ans:C

3) In apoptotic cell phosphatidylserine phospholipids”flip” to outer leaflet by:

A)TLR
B)Endocytosis
C)Cytosilic receptors
D)“Eat-me” signals
Ans:D

4) Lymphadenitis Inflammation of;

A)Lymphatic channel
B)lymph node
C)Blood vessel
D)capillaries
Ans:B

5) Infection / injury associated with fever:

A)Pyroptosis
B)Apoptosis
C)Necrosis
D)All are correct
Ans:A

6) The nuclei of neutrophils is lost, leading to the death of the cells called:
A)Apoptosis
B)Necrosis
C)NETosis
D)Pyroptosis
Ans:C

7) Injury denatures not only structural proteins but also proteolytic enzymes and so blocks the
proteolysis of the dead cells, this happen in which type of necrosis:
A)Coagulative necrosis
B)liquefactive necrosis
C)gangrenous necrosis
D)Fibrinoid Necrosis
E)Caseous necrosis
F)Fat necrosis
Ans:A

8)A pigment its importance lies in its being a telltale sign of free radical injury and lipid peroxidation:
A)Melanin
B)Hemosiderin
C)Bilirubin
D)Lipochrome(Lipofuscin)
Ans:D

9) Accumulation of triglycerides is known as:

A)Steatosis
B)Hemosiderosis
C)Fat necrosis
D)Nothing is correct
Ans:A

10)Anti-inflammatory cytokines, including:

A)IL-8 and TNF
B)TGF-β and IL-10
C)IL-1 & TGF-a
D)VEGF
Ans:B

11) Which of the following counteract cellular aging?

A)calorie restriction
B)Absence of telomerase
C)Persistent inflammation
D)Defective protein hemostasis
Ans:A

12) Derived from hemoglobin but contain no iron:

A)Lipochrome
B)Bilirubin
C)Hemosiderin
D)Melanin
Ans:B

13) Inflammasome activates:

A)IL-1
B)TNF
C)IL-8
D)IL-10
Ans:A
14) Which caspace is activated when cytochrome C leak to the cytosol?
A)Caspase-10
B)Caspase-8
C)Caspase-11
D)Caspace-9
E)All are correct
Ans:D

15) Kallikrein acts on kininogen to form?

A)Bradykinin
B)Histamine
C)Nitric Oxide
D)All are correct
Ans:A

16) Acute-phase protein(s) are:

A)TNF
B)Inflammasome
C)CRP, fibrinogen and SAA
D)A+B
Ans:C

17) Which of following of statements is not correct:

A)Metastatic calcification associated with hypercalcemia
B)Bcl-2 is a pro-apoptotic protein
C)A+B
D)Dystropic calcification is associated with hypercalcemia
E)B+D
Ans:D

18)Which of the following induce the systemic acute-phase responses associated with infection or
injury, including fever:
A)IL-10, TNF & IL-8
B)IL-17, TGF-B & IL-1
C)IL-1 and TNF as well as IL-6
D)Nothing is correct
Ans:C

19) Lipoxins inhibit the recruitment of:

A) leukocytes
B)Prostaglandins
C)Platelets
D)Leukotrienes
Ans:A

20)The most appropriate description for sensors of cell damage:

A)TLRs that recognize microbial bodies
B)Cytosolic receptors that recognize DAMPs
C)Receptors that recognize PAMPs
D)All answers are correct
Ans:B

21)Which of following produces Ecosanoids:

A)Leukotrienes
B)Macrophages
C)Arachidonic Acid
D)A+C
Ans:C

22) The main function for PGE2, PGD2, PGE1, PGI2 is:
A)Vasoconstriction
B)Smooth muscle contraction
C)Vasodilation
D)A+B
Ans:C

23)Action of NO is:
A)promoting vasoconstriction
B)promoting of platelets aggregation
C)promoting cellular response & promoting vasodilation
D)A+B
Ans: C

24) Definition of reprogramming stem cells to differentiate to another cell type called:
A)Hypertrophy
B)Hyperplasia
C)Anaplasia
D)Dysplasia
E)Metaplasia
Ans: E

25) Thromboxane A2 function is:

A)Vasodilation
B)Platelet aggregation & vasoconstriction
C)Leukocyte recruitment
D)A+C
Ans: B

26)Accumulation of lactic acid causes:

A) Detachment of ribosomes from the rough ER and dissociation of polysomes
B)Misfolding of proteins
C) Irreversible damage to mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes
D) Deminition of oxidative phosphorylation
Ans: D
27)C-C chemokines:
A)Activation and chemotaxis of neutrophils
B)Called Alpha chemokines
C)Specific for lymphocytes
D)Eotaxin selectively recruits eosinophils
Ans:D

28)Which of the following is(are) INCORRECT:

A) dystrophic calcification accentuate Hypercalcemia
B) Metastatic calcification most occurs in caseous necrosis and in tuberculosis
C)Hemosiderin is an endogenous pigment
D)A+C
Ans: B

29) Elimination of excess leukocytes done by:

A)Necrosis
B)Pyroptosis
C)Necroptosis
D)Apoptosis
Ans:D

30) Among antioxidant mechanisms, what catalase enzyme do?

A)Nothing
B)Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and water
C)Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and oxygen
D)Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water
Ans:D

31) Yellow-brown pigment derived from haemoglobin:

A)Lipochrome
B)Bilirubin
C)Hemosiderin
D)Melanin
Ans:C

32)Considering reperfusion injury, out of the following most likely INCORRECT:

A)Activation of the complement system also may contribute to ischemia reperfusion injury.
B)inflammation that is induced by ischemic injury may increase with reperfusion because it enhances
the influx of leukocytes and plasma proteins.
C)New damage may be initiated during reoxygenation by increased generation of
ROS.
D)WBCs reduce number of ROS.
Ans:D

33)Transudate:
A)Decrease hydrostatic pressure in venous obstruction
B)Increase oncotic pressure in venous obstruction
C)Decrease hydrostatic pressure in venous obstruction
D)B+C
Ans: C

34)Alternatively activated M2 macrophages are induced by which of the following?

A)IFN-7 & TLR-Ligand
B)IL-13 &IL-4
C)IL-10 & TGF-B
D)IL-1 & IL-6
Ans: C

35)Decreasing protein synthesis & increasing protein degradation occur in;

A)Hypertrophy
B)Hyperplasia
C)Atrophy
D)Metaplasia
E)Neoplasia
Ans: C

36)ANF produces:
A)Renal Hypertrophy
B)Cardiac Hypertrophy
C)Cardiac Atrophy
D)Renal Atrophy
Ans: B

37)A pigment derived from hemoglobin which doesn't contain iron:

A)Hemosiderin
B)Lipochrome
C)Bilirubin
D)Melanin
Ans:C

38)Which of the following combination is correct regarding leukocytes recruitment:

A)Selectins/Adhesion
B)Integrins/Rolling
C)PECAM-1/transmigration
D)TNF/Vasodilation
Ans:C

39)Which of the following is caused by phenobarbital?

A)Hyperplasia of SER in response to alcohol
B)Atrophy of SER in response to alcohol
C)Hypertrophy of SER in response to alcohol
D)Nothing is correct
Ans: C
*Lab Questions:

Picture: Answer:

Keloid
Scar

acute
cholecystitis

Microabscess
Granulation
Tissue

fibrin mesh
in fluid with
PMN's in
acute
inflammation

Macrophage
Cereberal
atrophy

Marginatiom

Amyloid

Chronic
inflammation
Fibrinoid
Necrosis

metaplasia of
normal
respiratory
laryngeal
epithelium to
squamous
epithelium.
Pulmonary
Granuloma

Russell
Bodies
Metastatic
Calcification