Pathology Second

1) Mononuclear phagocytes :
- Are the predominant cells in three day old wounds
- Are common in liver, spleen and pancreasd
- Produce fibroblast growth factor
- Secrete interferon-g
- Have a half-life of one day *

2) Regarding acute inflammation :

- Occurs in apoptosis
- Increased vascular permeability resulting in increased colloid osmotic
pressure and reduced hytdrostatic pressure
- Leukocyte migration through blood vessels is required by binding to
selectin and integrin receptors
- Causes arteriole dilation but not venule dilation *
- Typically produces transudate

3) The epithelioid cells of follicular granulomas are :

- Reticular
- Fibroblasts
- Modified macrophages *
- Plasma cells
- Lymphocytes
4) Leukocyte extravasation occurs in the following order :
- Activation, rolling, transmigration, adhesion
- Rolling, activation, adhesion, immigration
- Adhesion, rolling, activation, transmigration
- Rolling, activation, adhesion, transmigration *
- Transmigration, adhesion, activation, rolling

5) Chronic inflammation :
- Is characterized by prolonged duration and usually results in resolution *
- Is associated with structural changes in microvasculature leading to
exudation of proteins Is characterized by angiogenesis
- Features infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells, mast cells and
lymphocytes
- Is usually associated with markedly symptomatic response to persistent
infection by certain microorganisms

6) The alternative pathway of complement activation can be triggered by :

- IgG antigen-antibody complexes
- Properdin
- Microbial surfaces *
- Lysosomal proteases
- C5-9 Membrane attack complet

7) Which is not chemotactic?

- Histamine *
- C5a
- Leukotriene B4
- Bacterial polypeptides
- Cytokines
 8) Cellular events in acute inflammation include all of the following EXCEPT :
- Redistribution of preformed adhesion molecules to the cell surface of
leukocytes
- Adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes to endothelium
- Leukocyte activation
- Margination of macrophages to vessel walls *
- Extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes and products of arachidonic
acid metabolism
9) Granulomatous inflammation :
- May sometimes be a component of the acute inflammatory response
- Indicates the presence of tuberculosis
- Consists in part of microscopic aggregates of transformed lymphocytes
- Is always associated with the presence of giant cells
- May result from non-immune mechanisms *
10) With regard to the role of complement in the acute inflammatory
response, which is INCORRECT?
- C5a is a powerful chemotactic agent for neutrophils, monocytes and
eosinophils
- C5a increases leukocyte adhesion to endothelium by activating
leukocytes
- C3a and C5a are called anaphylatoxins because they cause mast cell
degranulation
- C3a activated the lipooxygenase pathway in leukocytes*
- C3 and C5 can be activated in inflammatory exudates by lysosomal
enzymes
11) granulomatous inflammatory reactions:
- can be caused by syphilitic infections
- are a type II hypersensitivity reaction
- predominantly contain eosinophils with a modified “epithelial like”
- appearance
- are surrounded by natural killer cells
- are not associated with inert foreign bodies
-
12) Leukotrienes play a role in all of the following EXCEPT:
- Chemotaxis
- Vasoconstriction
- Platelet aggreagation *
- Bronchospasm
- Increased permeability
13) Platelet activating factor : )‫(هون كان بدو بشكل عام مش الحالة الشاذة‬
- Is produced by platelets *
- Induces bronchodilation
- Increases vascular permeability
- Decreases leukocyte adhesion
- Is not produced by mast cells
14) A preformed mediator of inflammation is:
- Prostaglandin
- Histamine *
- Leukotriene
- Nitric oxide
- Platelet activating factor
15) regarding chronic inflammation all of the following are true EXCEPT :
- it can be caused by persistent infections
- it primarily involves tissue destruction *
- it may contribute to the formation of atherosclerosis
- it involves mononuclear inflammatory cells
- it can be caused by exposure to toxic agents
16) In acute inflammation:
- A ahllmark is reduced vascular permeability
- Vasodilation is a late manifestation
- Extravasation involves movement of leukocytes from interstitial tissue
- to the vessel lumen
- Chemotaxis is migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient *
- Selectins have a minor role
17) In acute inflammation which event occurs first :
- Arteriolar dilatation *
- Arteriolar constriction
- Edema
- Leucocyte migration
- Blood flow stasis

18) Regarding leucocyte adhesion and transmigration during acute

inflammation :
- There is reduced binding of integrins
- Transmigration is mediated by E-selectin
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II is associated with resistance to
bacterial infection
- Leukocyte rolling is reduced
- There is initial redistribution of pre-formed adhesion molecules to the
cell surface *

19) Which of the following statements regarding prostaglandins is

INCORRECT?
- Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 are synthesized from the same
precursor
- Leukocyte adhesion is mediated by thromboxane A2 *
- Vasodilation is mediated by PGE
- Vasoconstriction is mediated by LTD4
- Chemotaxis is mediated by HETE

20) Vascular permeability in inflammation is increased by:

- C3b and C3bI
- C3b
- C3a and C5a *
- C5-9
- C3bI
21) With regard to the acute inflammatory response, which is the most
common mechanism of vascular leakage?
- Endothelial cell contraction*
- Junctional retraction
- Direct injury
- Leukocyte-dependent leakage
- Regeneration endothelium

Collected by: Ahmad Osama Al-Masri

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