movements of the masticatory structures
MECHANOSENSATION AND BLOOD
SUPPLY OF HMA
MECHANOSENSATION
Thermosensation- change in temperature detected
by oral cavity and orofacial region thru thermo
receptors.
Mechanosensation-the stimulus is tactile sensation
and proprioception. (sense of touch)
How does oral cavity convey info towards the brain
to process tactile formation?
- Rough/smooth texture of food
Importance of Mechanosensation
• To enable to fluent speech
• Precise manipulation of food particles
between teeth
• Forces of hundreds of Newtons generated
and exerted by the jaw in crushing food, yet
at the same time the immediately adjacent
tissues are kept clear of occlusal surfaces of
the teeth
The maximum bite force is measured how many
Newtons of force?
A. 400-600/ 40-60 kg
B. 500-700 N/ 50-70 kg (static occlusion)/not
moving
C. 800-1000/ 80-100 kg (
answer: B
Forces of chewing food may range from:
A. 30-60/ 3-6 kp
B. 70-150 N/ 7-15 kg (dynamic occlusion)/lowest
force of chewing food
C. 60-120/6-12 kg
answer: B
Stimulus acquired in mechanosensation is received
by mechanoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
• provide information about substances in the
mouth, necessary for guiding formation,
manipulation and cleavage of food bolus
during chewing
• They additionally serve as proprioceptive
role in the specification of the positions and
during function
Mechanoreceptors: (located inside oral cavity)
Merkel's Disk
• slow-adapting, unencapsulated nerve
endings that respond to light touch
Meissner's Corpuscles (low frequency vibration)
• rapidly-adapting, encapsulated neurons that
responds to low-frequency vibrations and
fine touch
Ruffini Endings
• slow adapting, encapsulated receptors that
respond to skin stretch (inner surface of
cheeks and lips)
Pacinian Corpuscles (high frequency vibration)
• rapidly-adapting, deep receptors that
respond to deep pressure and high-frequency
vibration.
Mechanoreceptor : (orofacial soft tissue)
Mechanoreceptors in Orofacial soft tissues:
• Slowly adapting (SA) type I : Underlies the
perception of form and roughness on skin
(more specific sense of touch)
• Slowly adapting (SA) type Il: Respond to
skin stretch
• Fast adapting (FA) type I: Flutter or slip on
skin
• Hair follicle receptors: Conveys touch
sensation
Periodontal Mechanoreceptors
- The periodontal ligament is also an important
sensory organ that is richly supplied with
low-threshold mechanoreceptors (300
 mechanoreceptive afferents) more specific;
located on the tooth itself
§ 4 types: enamel, dentin, pulp,
periodontium (collection
several different tissues like
cementum, gingiva, alveolar bone,
and periodontal ligament
embedded in between periodontal
space or sometimes in the
periodontal ligament.
§ Tooth is embedded directly to the
alveolar bone (embedded in the
socket but they are separated by a
space and that space is maintained
by periodontal ligament that is
attached to the tooth).
§ Periodontal ligament
connective tissue that
responsible for stabilizing the
dentition inside the alveolar
socket.
of periodontal mechanoreceptors since they are
sensitive to very low force levels.
Clinical considerations: feels like theres nakasingit
of sa dentition, very uncomfortable, dont use toothpick,
use floss with handle, since it will encourage
periodontits
BLOOD SUPPLY OF HMA
- Blood circulation
o blood vessel - composed of 2 main:
artery and vein
o artery - they bring oxygenated blood
towards the organ or tissue; comes from
the heart
o vein - from organ or tissue, it will drain
going to the heart; deoxygenated blood
are
is

- This provide information about tooth loads

that is essential for fine motor control of the
jaw during function provide certain types of
information that are readily interpreted by the
brain
- Receptors for the conscious perception of
tactile sensations that one experiences when
forces are applied to natural teeth
§ With braces, if newly adjusted or new
braces, you immediately feel the force
that is acting upon the tooth:
Periodontal mechanoreceptors are
responsible for this sensation
movement or forces applied to teeth:
periodontal mechanoreceptors.
- Sensitive to changes in tooth load at very low
force levels
Clinical consideration: tooth filled with restorative
filling material; feels like the pasta is high, because
- Artery - brings nutrients and minerals, keeping
soft tissues alive; large diameter; main
channels
2 structures:
o Arteriole - smaller diameter; if the
artery will branch out
o Capillaries - if arteriole will branch out
- Heart à arch of aorta à common carotid
artery à external carotid artery à posterior
auricular artery (not included in arteries of
face) à facial artery à maxillary artery
o arch of aorta - has several branches that
the blood will pass through
o common carotid artery - first stop;
divided into 2: internal carotid (towards
the brain) and external carotid
o external carotid is responsible for blood
going to the mouth and face
 o posterior auricular artery - supplies
blood to the scalp; posterior to the
auricle (ear) and to the ear region
o facial artery – bifurcates into inferior
labial artery (lower lips), superior labial
artery (upper lips),
- submental artery (lower lip)
o maxillary artery -
Facial Artery – came from the external carotid
artery
• Branches of Facial Artery
§ Superior Labial Artery – supplies
blood to the upper lip
§ Inferior labial Artery - supplies blood
to the lower lip
§ Submental Artery - supplies blood to
the lower lip
Pathway of Blood Supply (Maxillary)
External carotid artery à maxillary artery à
Anterior superior alveolar artery and posterior
superior alveolar artery
Pathway of Blood Supply (Mandibular)
External Carotid Artery à Maxillary artery à
Inferior alveolar artery
BLOOD SUPPLY OF HARD PALATE AND
SOFT PALATE
Descending Palatine Artery - branched from
maxillary artery
Divided into two:
• Greater Palatine Artery – supplies the hard
palate
• Lesser Palatine Artery – supplies the soft
palate
Clinical Consideration
- Greater palatine artery mostly located at the
sides (lateral). Be very careful when
performing surgery here.
 Submental artery – supplies the submandibular
gland

• Grafting – incise a tissue from a part of the
body then transplant it to other parts.
* Kapag kukuha ka ng graft for example
there is a recession sa ngipin (exposure of
roots) we need to place another gingiva from
the middle part of the palate (not the sides
because of the greater palatine artery
maaaring matamaan at dumugo to the point
na you can’t control the bleeding).
• The palate is a good donor site because it
regenerates.
Muscles of Mastication
• Temporalis - deep temporal arteries
• Masseter – supplied by the masseteric
artery
• Lateral Pterygoid – supplied by
pterygoid arteries
• Medial Pterygoid - supplied by
pterygoid arteries
*Accessory Muscle
Buccinator – supplied by buccal arteries
Pharynx (throat)– supplied by the pharyngeal
artery

Lingual artery – branch from the external carotid

artery
3 Subdivision/Trifurcation:
1. Dorsal lingual arteries – supply the posterior
part of the tongue (dorsum)
2. Sublingual artery – supplies the sublingual
gland and floor of the oral cavity
3. Deep lingual artery – supplies the anterior
part of the tongue and communicates at the
dorsal artery at the apex. The apex of the
tongue and anterior tongue is supplied.