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Communicable Disease Lecture
Communicable Disease Lecture
DISEASE
MS1 LECTURE
Prepared by: Mary Grace S. Penticostes, RN
Objectives:
Differentiate important terms related to
communicable disease
Describe and give examples on the chain of
infection
Describe the type, etiology, pathophysiology,
management
Deffinition of Terms
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
-Are those diseases not transmitted by ordinary
membrane.
Deffinition of Terms
INFECTION
-Is the entry and development or multiplication of
touched by them.
Deffinition of Terms
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Incidence of an infectious disease:
number of new cases in a given time period expressed
density).
INFESTATION
In epidemiology, the prevalence of a dse in a
statistical population is defined as the total number of
period of time.
EPIDEMIC
(epi= upon; demos= people)
occurs when new cases of a certain disease, in a given
recent experience.
Deffinition of Terms
ENDEMIC
(En = in; demos = people)
It refers to the constant presence of a disease or
to an area or scope.
Deffinition of Terms
HYPERENDEMIC AND HOLOENDEMIC
the term “hyperendemic” expresses that the disease
under 5)
Deffinition of Terms
PANDEMIC AND EXOTIC
pandemic is usually affecting a large proportion of
in an animal population.
An Enzotic is an endemic occurring in
animals.
Deffinition of Terms
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) infection is an
to cause disease
Pathogenicity: is the ability of a pathogen to
infection to occur.
Deffinition of Terms
Bacteremia: laboratory-proven presence of bacteria
in the bloodstream.
fungal organism.
mechanical issues.
Deffinition of Terms
Host: person who provides living conditions to
support a microorganism.
microorganism.
colonizing a host.
of the organism.
worker–patient interactions .
Deffinition of Terms
Sterilization: complete removal of all
microorganisms.
pathogen.
short period.
Deffinition of Terms
Transmission-Based Precautions: precautions used in
Precautions.
Deffinition of Terms
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA):
susceptible to vancomycin.
antibiotic vancomycin.
Types
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites (protozoa,
helminths), prions.
CHARACTERSITICS:
1.PATHOGENICITY- ability to produce disease
2. VIRULENCE- disease severity
3. INFECTIOUS DOSE- number of organisms needed
to initiate infection
4. TOXEGENICITY- capacity to produce injurious
environmental.
Examples of each type include:
1. Human—pulmonary tuberculosis.
2. Animal—ticks infected with the bacteria Borrelia
The portal of entry into the host is typically the same as the portal
of exit from the reservoir
1. Respiratory tract
2. GI/GU tract
3. Body fluids (except for sweat) such as blood, urine, semen
4. Skin, mucous membranes
5. Transplacental
Mode of Transmission
infectious source.
Horizontal transmission is the spread of a pathogen from one
birth.
There are two main types of transmission: direct and indirect
I. Direct Transmission
1. Direct contact—infected by touching the reservoir (eg,
with the reservoir (eg, touching a tissue of a child with Influenza virus
1
dictated by:
i. Number of pathogens to which the host is exposed; route and
duration of exposure.
ii. Invasiveness of the pathogen and its ability to produce
toxins.
iii. Age, genetic constitution of host, and general physical,
mental, and emotional health and nutritional status of
host.
iv. Ability to bypass or overcome host defense mechanisms
(immunologic response)
References:
12th Edition
Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice 10th Edition