The document discusses key concepts about atoms and electricity, including:
1. Atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons are negatively charged, protons positively charged, and neutrons have no charge.
2. Materials can be conductors, insulators, or semiconductors depending on their valence electrons and ability to conduct electricity.
3. Electricity is generated through various means including magnetism, chemical reactions in batteries, pressure, heat, and solar energy from light absorption. Resistance opposes current flow.
The document discusses key concepts about atoms and electricity, including:
1. Atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons are negatively charged, protons positively charged, and neutrons have no charge.
2. Materials can be conductors, insulators, or semiconductors depending on their valence electrons and ability to conduct electricity.
3. Electricity is generated through various means including magnetism, chemical reactions in batteries, pressure, heat, and solar energy from light absorption. Resistance opposes current flow.
The document discusses key concepts about atoms and electricity, including:
1. Atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons are negatively charged, protons positively charged, and neutrons have no charge.
2. Materials can be conductors, insulators, or semiconductors depending on their valence electrons and ability to conduct electricity.
3. Electricity is generated through various means including magnetism, chemical reactions in batteries, pressure, heat, and solar energy from light absorption. Resistance opposes current flow.
1. Atom is the smallest particle. 2. The universe is composed of atoms. 3. An atom is composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. 4. Electron is negatively charged. 5. Protons is the positively charged. 6. Neutrons have a neutral electric charge. (neither positive nor negative) 7. If we measured the properties of the atom we can get voltage, current, and power. 8. Positively charged occurs when the number of protons is more than the number of electrons. 9. Negatively charged occurs when the number of electrons is more than the number of protons. 10. Valence electron is the last orbital of the atom. 11. Nucleus is the center of the atom where the proton and electron are inside. 12. Conductor is the type of material that allows the flow of current, all conductors have a valence electron of 1,2, and 3. 13. Examples of conductors used in making wires are copper and aluminum. 14. Insulator is a type of material that does not allow the flow of current, insulators have a valence of 4 and above. 15. Semiconductor is a type of material that sometimes allows the flow of current, and sometimes does not. 16. Electrical current is the amount of electricity flowing through a circuit. 17. Ampere is a unit of measure of the rate of electron flow or current in an electrical conductor. 18. Bump theory states that current flow is produced when an electron from one atom knocks electrons of another atom out of orbit. 19. Magnetism is the common way to generate electrical energy, wherein the idea of making a generator came from. 20. Permanent magnet is where magnetism is always on, it generates its own constant magnetic field. 21. Electromagnet is made up of a coil of wire with electrical passing through them. 22. The higher the electricity that passes through the electromagnet the higher the magnetic force and can generate higher electricity. 23. Electromagnet is commonly used in generators. 24. Chemical reaction is composed of porous air electrodes (positive terminal) and zinc electrodes (negative terminal). 25. Example of a chemical reaction is a battery that is used in portable applications and devices. 26. Alexandro Volta invented the battery. 27. Pressure is called the piezoelectric effect, in which pressure can cause vibrations and produce a voltage in the two electrodes. 28. Heat also produces electrical energy. 29. Light or commonly called solar energy is when the photons from the sun are absorbed by solar panels and produce DC (direct current) electricity. 30. Resistance is the opposition to the current flow in an electrical circuit, three things that can affect the resistance; physical, materials being used, and temperature.