Question 1 fundamental duties

Answer 1 introduction; Fundamental duties basically imply the moral obligations

of all citizens of a country and today, there are 11 fundamental duties in India,
which are written in Part IV-A of the Constitution, to promote patriotism and
strengthen the unity of India.

Originally, the fundamental duties of India was not a part of the Indian
Constitution, in fact, they were added by the 42nd and 86th Constitutional
Amendment Acts. The list of fundamental rights and duties and the Directive
Principles of State Policy are sections of the Indian Constitution that elaborate on
the essential obligations of the states to its citizens, along with the duties and rights
that they hold as Indian citizens.

Just like all citizens have equal rights, they also have an equal fundamental duty to
uphold other rights (mentioned under Article 21)and also make sure that they do
not violate these rights. A person cannot expect to enjoy all the privileges and
freedom under the law without performing their corresponding fundamental duties.

Need & Importance of Fundamental Duties; In case there is a violation of

fundamental duties, Article 51A of the Constitution categorizes it as contempt of
the constitution which is punishable under the Prevention of Insults to National
Honour Act, 1971.

It is easy to assume that constitutional duties are similar to the fundamental duties
of the Indian citizen. The Indian Constitution provides a list of fundamental rights
and duties to the citizens and lays down the State’s duties toward ensuring that
these rights are protected and provided equally to everyone.

These duties were drafted on the lines of moral, ethical, and cultural code of
conduct which is to be followed by the people to uphold and protect the
sovereignty, unity, and integrity of our country. It also helps the government in
maintaining proper governance and enabling the proper functioning of a
democratic society.

The Inception of the Indian Constitution ;

The Indian Constitution which is also known as The Law of the Land traces its
significant emergence in the year 1946 when the first meeting of the constituent
assembly was held post the grant independence of India. The constituent assembly
onboard Dr. Rajendra Prasad as its president. The idea to elucidate the
constitutional supremacy required a physical representation and hence
on 29th August 1947, a drafting committee was appointed. Dr. BR Ambedkar was
elected as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee to achieve a permanent and
organized constitution. The underlying features of the constitution upon which the
drafting committee kept it’s focus on was Republican State, Parliamentary
Supremacy, an independent Judicial System, Fundamental Rights, and a
Federal System. 

On 4th November 1947, the drafting committee submitted the initial draft of the

constitution and the final draft was submitted on 26th November
1949. On 24th January 1950, the handwritten Constitutional Draft, submitted by
the Drafting Committee, got signed and came into legal force on the 26th January
1950.

The Constitution of India is considered to be the longest constitution in the world

contains a Preamble, 25 Parts along with 12 Schedules, 448 Articles and 101
Amendments till now. At the time of its origin, it had only 385 Articles in 22
Parts and 8 Schedules. The formulation of the Indian Constitution gained
inspiration from different constitutions from various countries taking 2 years 11
months and 18 days to complete the supreme law of the land.

Fundamental Duties; fundamental duties is defined under part 4 and article 51a of
Indian constitution. It was came into force on 42nd amendment act 1976 and
incorporated in article 51a of indan constitution. It was recommended by sawran
singh committee.

List of fundamental duties;

1. Abide by the Constitution and respect national flag & National Anthem
2. Follow ideals of the freedom struggle
3. Protect sovereignty & integrity of India
4. Defend the country and render national services when called upon
5. Sprit of common brotherhood
6. Preserve composite culture
7. Preserve natural environment
8. Develop scientific temper
9. Safeguard public property
10.Strive for excellence
11.Duty fo all parents/guardians to send their children in the age group of 6-14
years to school.
The 11th fundamental duty which was added to this list is:

 To provide opportunities for education to children between 6-14 years of

age, and duty as parents to ensure that such opportunities are being awarded
to their child.

Conclusion;The Indian Constitution provides different sections of

Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of the
State Policy to regulate the conduct of citizens among each other, and the
state’s conduct with the citizens. These different segments of the Indian
Constitution provide a rule book of rights, duties, and guidelines for
citizens’ behavior and conduct along with the parameters with which the
government has to keep itself fully aligned while making laws.