FOUNDING OF LIGA

FILIPINA
• July 3, 1892- after his interview
with Gov. Despujol, Rizal together
with some patriots had a meeting
at the home of Doroteo Ongjungco,
a Chinese-Filipino mestizo, on Ilaya
St., Tondo, Manila.
 FOUNDING OF LIGA
FILIPINA
• Here, Rizal introduced the Liga Filipina, a civic
league of Filipinos.
• In attendance were:
–Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira), a
mason and a school teacher
–Domingo Franco (Felipe Real), a mason and
a shopkeeper
 FOUNDING OF LIGA
FILIPINA
• Jose A. Ramos (Socorro), an engraver, printer and
owner of Bazar Gran Bretana
• Ambrosio Salvador, gobernadorcillo of Quiapo, a
mason
• Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem), a dentist and mason
• Deodato Arellano, brother in law of MH Del Pilar
and a civilian employee of the army
 FOUNDING OF LIGA
FILIPINA
• Ambrosio Flores (Musa), a retired lieutenant of
infantry
• Agustin de la Rosa, bookkeeper and mason
• Luis Villareal, a tailor and mason
• Faustino Villaruel (Ilaw), a pharmacist and mason
• Mariano Crisostomo, a landlord
• Numeriano Adriano (Ipil), a notary public and
mason
 FOUNDING OF LIGA
FILIPINA
– Estanislao Legaspi, an artisan and mason
– Teodoro Plata, a court clerk and mason
– Andres Bonifacio, a warehouse employee
– Apolinario Mabini (Katabay), a lawyer and
mason
– Juan Zulueta, a playwright, poet, and
government employee
FOUNDING OF LIGA
FILIPINA
 FOUNDING OF LIGA
FILIPINA
The Elected Officers:
President: Ambrosio Salvador
Secretary: Deodato Arellano
Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa
 FOUNDING OF LIGA
FILIPINA
Aims of the Liga Filipina:
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one
compact, vigorous, and homogenous body;
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity;
3. Defense against all violence and injustice;
4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and
commerce; and
5. Study and application of reforms.
 LA LIGA FILIPINA
Motto: Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)
• Governing Body of the La Liga Filipina:
❖ The Supreme Council: the governing body which has
control over the whole country
– It is composed of the president, secretary, treasurer and fiscal
❖ Provincial Council: formed in every province
– The Provincial Council shall have command of the Popular Chiefs.
❖ Popular Council: formed in every town
– The Popular Council only shall have command of the members.
 DUTIES OF THE LIGA
MEMBERS:
1. Pay monthly dues of ten centavos.
2. Obey blindly and promptly every order
emanating from the Council or the Chief.
3. Inform the Council of whatever they note or
hear that has reference to the Liga Filipina.
4. Preserve the most absolute secrecy in regard
to the decisions of the Council.
 DUTIES OF THE LIGA
MEMBERS:
5. Help another member in the case of
need or danger
6. Each member shall adopt a new
name of his own choice
7. Help recruit new members.
8. Treat everyone with respect.
 RIZAL’S ARREST AND
BANISHMENT
• July 6, 1892- when Rizal went to Malacañang to
resume his interviews with the Gov. Despujol, the
latter showed him several printed leaflets
allegedly discovered under the pillow of his sister
Lucia.
• These were entitled “Pobres Frailes” which bore
the name of the author P. Jacinto.
• A satire exposing the fabulous wealth of the friars
contrary to the vows of poverty.
 RIZAL’S ARREST AND
BANISHMENT
• Rizal denied knowledge of the leaflets.
• However, he was still detained at Fort
Santiago.
• Later, he learned that he would be
brought to Bataan, but instead he was
banished in Dapitan, a distant military
district in Mindanao.
 REASONS FOR RIZAL’S
DEPORTATION
• Rizal published books and articles abroad
which showed disloyalty to Spain which
were anti-Catholic and anti-friar
• Found bundles of incriminatory leaflets
which satirized the friars
• Published and dedicated his novel El
Filibusterismo to the three martyred
“traitors”
 REASONS FOR RIZAL’S
DEPORTATION
• Between July 14 and 15, 1892- under heavy guard,
Rizal was brought to the steamer CEBU to be
brought to Dapitan.
• The Captain of the ship was Capt. Delgras, who
upon arrival in Dapitan on July 17, turned him over to
Captain Ricardo Carnicero, the Dapitan
Commandant.
• Rizal would stay here until July 31, 1896, a period of
four years.
 THE
DAPITAN
EXILE
THE DAPITAN EXILE
(1892-96)

Rizal’s Dapitan Residence

 THE DAPITAN EXILE
(1892-96)
• Rizal lived as exile in Dapitan, Zamboanga del
Norte, under the aegis of the Jesuits.
• He was abundantly fruitful with varied
achievements:
– Practiced medicine
– Pursued scientific studies
– Kept his literary works
– Enhanced linguistic acumen
 DAPITAN EXILE
(1892-1896)
• Dapitan Achievements: (Cont.)
–Established a school for boys
–Promoted community development
projects
–Invented a brick-making machine
–Engaged in farming and commerce
 DAPITAN EXILE
(1892-1896)
• Conditions for him to stay at the Parish
Convent:
• Publicly retract errors committed vs. the
Church and the government
• Perform church rites and make general
confessions
• Conduct himself as a model Christian and
man
 FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT.
CARNICERO
• Rizal refused to abide with the conditions
set by the Jesuit Society.
• He preferred to stay at the Casa Real, the
official residence of the commandant,
Capt. Carnicero, his warden.
• A new friendship developed between
them.
 FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT.
CARNICERO
• The relations between Carnicero (the warden) and
Rizal (the prisoner) were warm and friendly.
• Carnicero realized that Rizal was not a common
felon, nor a filibuster.
• He gave good reports on his prisoner to Gov.
Despujol.
• He gave him complete freedom to go anywhere,
reporting only once a week at his office.
 FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT.
CARNICERO
• Rizal on his part, admired the kind, and
generous Spanish Captain.
• He wrote a poem, entitled “A Don Ricardo
Carnicero,”
on August 26, 1892 on the occasion of the
captain's birthday.
• They even shared in buying a Lottery Ticket No.
9736 that won second prize worth P20,000 which
was divided between the 3 of them: Capt.
Carnicero, Jose Rizal and Francisco Equilor.
 FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT.
CARNICERO
•They divided the
prize and got P6,200
each. Rizal gave
P2,000 to Jose Ma.
Basa in Hongkong,
the rest was used to
buy farm lands in
Talisay, Dapitan.
Capt. Carnicero Dr. Jose Rizal
BIRTH OF THE KATIPUNAN
• Right after Rizal was deported to Dapitan, the Liga
members had a meeting to discuss the future of the
organization
• The group of patriots was divided into two factions:
1. The Los Compromisarios -those who are
conservative members of the La Liga Filipina and
still willing to demand reforms and compromise
with the Spanish government.
BIRTH OF THE KATIPUNAN
2. The Separatists -patriots who wanted to launch an
armed rebellion to achieve independence from the
colonizers.
• On July 7, 1891, the Katipunan was founded on
Azcarraga St. (C.M. Recto) in the house of Deodato
Arellano.
– Founders of KKK were:
•Andres Bonifacio
•Teodoro Plata
•Ladislao Diwa
 RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS
DEBATES
• Fr. Pablo Pastells sent Rizal a book Sarda
advising the latter to refrain from being proud
and too judgmental
• Rizal’s letters revealed his anti-Catholic ideas
caused by the abuses committed against his
family and people
• He criticized the friars for using their religious
authority to oppress and abuse other people
 RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS
DEBATES
• He said that individual judgment is a gift
from God and everyone should use it to
light his way; that self-esteem if used
moderately, saves man from unworthy
acts.
• He further argued that pursuit of truth
has different paths, thus, religions may
vary, but they all lead to the light.
 RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS
DEBATES
• Fr. Pastells tried to win back Rizal to the fold
of Catholicism.
• He admonished Rizal that divine faith
supersedes everything: reason, self-esteem
and individual judgment.
• No matter how intelligent a man is, his
intelligence is limited; he still needs God’s
guidance.
• He failed to convince Rizal
 AN ABORTED DUEL
• Juan Lardet, a French businessman who was a
personal acquaintance of Rizal had a quarrel
that almost ended up in a duel.
• Reason:
– Lardet bought logs from Rizal
– Found some of the logs to be of poor
quality
– Accused Rizal as a cheater
 AN ABORTED DUEL
• Lardet wrote a letter to Antonio Miranda,
a Dapitan merchant expressing disgust
over the business deal he had with Rizal
• Miranda sent the letter to Rizal
• Rizal confronted Lardet and challenged
him to a duel
• The Frenchman asked for an apology
 JESUIT MISSION: “WIN
RIZAL BACK”
• Fr. Pastells instructed two Jesuit fathers to
proceed to Mindanao on a mission “Win
Rizal Back to the Catholic fold”
–Fr. Obach, Dapitan parish priest
–Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Dipolog parish priest
• Fr. Francisco Sanchez was also assigned to
proceed to Dapitan.
 JESUIT MISSION: “WIN
RIZAL BACK”
• Fr. Sanchez was chosen by the Jesuit superiors
being a well-liked professor of Rizal
• He wasn’t able to persuade Rizal
• He respected whatever Rizal believed in
• Rizal gave Fr. Sanchez a manuscript “Estudios
Sobre la Lengua Tagala” on the latter’s
birthday.
DAPITAN MEDICAL
PRACTICE
• Dr. Jose Rizal treated both
the rich and the poor
patients coming from
everywhere.
• He treated the poor free of
charge while the rich are
asked payments for
consultation and medicine.
• His name became famous
here and abroad.
 RIZAL’S COMMUNITY
PROJECTS
1. Developed the Dapitan Municipal Park
i. Clean and green
ii. Beautification
iii. A Relief Map
2. Equipped the town with a lighting system
using coconut oil
3. Constructed the first water system using
bamboo pipelines
RELIEF MAP OF
MINDANAO
 RIZAL, THE EDUCATOR AND
SCIENTIST
• Rizal believed in the
power of education
in the human
transformation.
• In 1893, he
established a school
for boys for free.
 RIZAL, THE EDUCATOR AND
SCIENTIST
• He also engaged in scientific researches:
collecting various species of plant and animal life
which he sent to his friends abroad.
– the Draco rizali, a small lizard popularly known
as a flying dragon;
– Apogonia rizali, a rare kind of beetle; and
– the Rhacophorus rizali, a peculiar frog species.
 RIZAL, THE INVENTOR AND
SCULPTOR
• As an inventor, Rizal made a lighter that ignites
through stones; and a brick maker machine.
• As an artist, he carved a number of sculptures:

“The Mother’s Revenge”

 RIZAL, THE INVENTOR AND
SCULPTOR
1. “The Mother’s Revenge” a tribute
to his dog Syria, whose child was
killed by a crocodile
2. “The Dapitan Girl”
3. Josephine’s Image
4. Busts of Fr. Guerrico and St. Paul
 RIZAL, THE AGRICULTURIST AND
ENTREPRENEUR
• Rizal purchased about 70 hectares of land in
Talisay, Dapitan.
• He diligently farmed these lands with the help
of his helpers.
• The plants include coconuts, abaca, cacao,
corn, sugarcane and fruit trees.
• He also bought a fishpond
• His business partner was Ramon Carreon
RIZAL’S INVENTIONS AND
DISCOVERIES
A lighter called
"sulpakan" which he gave
to a friend as a birthday
gift
RIZAL’S INVENTIONS AND
DISCOVERIES
 PERIOD OF PAIN
Unhappy Days in Dapitan
– He missed his family; until his mother,
three sisters and nephews arrived and
stayed with him
– He was sad because of the plight of his
family, the country and the people
– He had no opportunity to see Leonor
when she died in August 1893
 PERIOD OF PAIN
A Beautiful Stranger
– In his darkest moments in Dapitan, an
18-year old Irish girl arrived in Dapitan
– She’s Josephine Bracken, whose mother died
in childbirth.
– She is adopted by Mr. George Taufer, who
later became blind.
– The two came to the Philippines to have Mr.
Taufer’s eyes be cured
 DAPITAN WRITINGS
• “Himno a Talisay” (Hymn to the Talisay
Tree) – a hymn/poem written in tribute to
a tree to which a town was named after;
where Rizal often stayed.
• Rizal and his students have always used
the talisay tree as a meeting place
• In gratitude, the students would always
sing the hymn.
 DAPITAN WRITINGS
• “Mi Retiro” (My Retreat) –depicts
Rizal’s life as an exile in Dapitan
• “Canto del Viajero” (Song of the
Traveler) – a poem celebrating his
renewed opportunity to travel
abroad and end of his exile in
Dapitan