Q1.

MATERNAL MORTALITY ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes
while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination per 100,000 live births. The data are
estimated with a regression model using information on the proportion of maternal deaths among non-
AIDS deaths in women ages 15-49, fertility, birth attendants, and since from the year 2015
was 1,180.00, a 0.84% decline from 2014.

Q2. The current infant mortality rate for Sierra Leone in 2022 is 72.253 deaths per 1000 live births, a
2.86% decline from 2021. The infant mortality rate for Sierra Leone in 2021 was 74.383 deaths per
1000 live births, a 2.78% decline from 2020.

Q3. It has a population of 7,092,113 people (Census 2015). The Country has a mixed and generalized HIV
epidemic; with a prevalence of 1.7% (SLDHS, 2019). The 2019 Demographic and Health Survey
(SLDHS, 2019) indicates that HIV prevalence is higher in urban areas than in rural areas (2.3% versus
1.2%).
Sierra Leone is located in Western Africa, surrounded by Guinea, Liberia, and the Atlantic Ocean. It
has five regions (Western Area, North-West, Northern, Eastern and Southern) which are divided into
16 districts. The capital city is Freetown which is located in the Western Area Urban. It has a
population of 7,092,113 people (Census 2015). The Country has a mixed and generalized HIV
epidemic; with a prevalence of 1.7% (SLDHS, 2019). The 2019 Demographic and Health Survey
(SLDHS, 2019) indicates that HIV prevalence is higher in urban areas than in rural areas (2.3% versus
1.2%). Relating these variations in HIV prevalence with the population density resulted in the
classification of new high burden districts, thus reprogramming for focused service delivery. The
Country has prioritized domestic resource mobilization drive as key, aimed at sustainable program
implementation. The Government of Sierra Leone Counterpart funding allocation has improved
considerably.

Q4. Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) of Sierra Leone increased
from 4.3 % in 2000 to 21.2 % in 2019 growing at an average annual rate of 32.13%.
Sierra Leone - Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49). The 2019
Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (2019 SLDHS) was implemented by Statistics Sierra
Leone on behalf of the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation. The funding for the 2019
SLDHS was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Global
Fund, Department for International Development (DFID), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA),
World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Bank. ICF provided technical assistance through
The DHS Program, a USAID-funded project that provides support and technical assistance in the
implementation of population and health surveys in countries worldwide.

Q5. The issue of adolescent fertility is important for both health and social reasons. Children born to very
young mothers are at increased risk of sickness and death. Teenage mothers are more likely to
experience adverse pregnancy outcomes and to be constrained in their ability to pursue educational
opportunities than young women who delay childbearing. percentage of women age 15-19 who had
given birth or were pregnant with their first child at the time of the survey, according to background
characteristics. Overall, 21% of women age 15-19 had begun childbearing: 18% had had a live birth
and 4% were pregnant at the time of the interview. The proportion of teenagers who had begun
childbearing rises rapidly with age, from 4% at age 15 to 45% at age 19. Rural teenagers tend to start
childbearing earlier than urban teenagers (29% versus 14%).
1
Q6. In 2020, malaria cases for Sierra Leone was 328.2 cases per 100,000 people. Malaria cases of Sierra
Leone fell gradually from 473 cases per 100,000 people in 2001 to 328.2 cases per 100,000 people in
2020. Malaria incidence is expressed as the number of new cases of malaria per 100,000 people each
year. The number of cases reported is adjusted to take into account incompleteness in reporting
systems, patients seeking treatment in the private sector, self-medicating or not seeking treatment at all,
and potential over-diagnosis through the lack of laboratory confirmation of cases.

Q7. The crude birth rate in Sierra Leone decreased by 0.5 live births per 1,000 inhabitants (-1.52 percent)
in 2020 in comparison to the previous year. This marks the lowest rate during the observed period.
Notably, the rate is continuously decreasing over the last years.
The crude birth rate refers to the number of live births in a given year, expressed per 1,000 population.
When studied in combination with the crude death rate, the rate of natural population increase can be
determined. Sierra Leone SL: Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data was reported at 35.006 Ratio in
2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 35.611 Ratio for 2015. Sierra Leone SL:
Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 46.971 Ratio from Dec 1960 to
2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48.771 Ratio in 1970 and a record low
of 35.006 Ratio in 2016. Sierra Leone SL: Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data remains active
status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sierra
Leone – Table SL.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Crude birth rate indicates the
number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting
the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the
rate of population change in the absence of migration.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World
Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national
statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division.
Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database,
and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted
average;

Q8. Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population
estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of
natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
In 2021, death rate for Sierra Leone was 9.1 per 1,000 people. Death rate of Sierra Leone fell gradually
from 25.6 per 1,000 people in 1972 to 9.1 per 1,000 people in 2021.

Q9. In Sierra Leone Percentage of women of reproductive age (15−49 years) who are married or in-union
who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern contraceptive methods. Numerator:
Number of women aged 15-49 who are married or in-union who use modern contraceptive methods.
Denominator: Total number of women aged 15-49 who are married or in-union in need of family
planning Women who are married is defined in relation to the marriage laws or customs of a country
and women in a union refers to women living with their partner in the same household (also referred to
as cohabiting unions, consensual unions, unmarried unions, or “living together”. Modern methods of
contraception include female and male sterilization, the intrauterine device (IUD), the implant,
injectable, oral contraceptive pills, male and female condoms, vaginal barrier methods (including the
diaphragm, cervical cap, and spermicidal foam, jelly, cream, and sponge), the locational amenorrhea
method (LAM), emergency contraception, and other modern methods not reported separately (e.g., the
contraceptive patch or vaginal ring).

2
Q10. Global Surveillance of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a joint effort of WHO
and UNAIDS. The UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance,
initiated in November 1996, guides respective activities. The primary objective of the Working Group
is to strengthen national, regional and global structures and networks for improved monitoring and
surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STIs. For this purpose, the Working Group collaborates closely with
national AIDS programmes and a number of national and international experts and institutions. The
goal of this collaboration is to compile the best information available and to improve the quality of data
needed for informed decision-making and planning at national, regional, and global levels. The
Epidemiological Fact Sheets are one of the products of this close and fruitful collaboration across the
globe.

Q11. The current fertility rate for Sierra Leone in 2022 is 3.949 births per woman, a 2.28% decline from
2021. The fertility rate for Sierra Leone in 2021 was 4.041 births per woman, a 2.25% decline from
2020. The fertility rate at a given age is the number of children born alive to women of that age during
the year as a proportion of the average annual population of women of the same age.
By extension, the fertility rate is the ratio between the number of live births in a year and the whole
female population of childbearing age (average number of women between 15 and 50 years of age over
the year). Unlike total period fertility, the fertility rate is partly dependent on trends in the age structure
of women between the ages of 15 and 50.