S- BLOCK ELE MENTS

excephonHLRALT METALS (IA) CLA) ALKALINE EARTH METAL-

Na RH C e
Be Ma Rodro achM
GrOpety Ca S Ba Ra
CEC s Cmmem
Radioactive matu
0 N. = +1
CEC ns CGmmN ON =t

why IA 9T0up metal Callec A

dup cu calle cd Falne
AR kali metals.
eanth mead,
BecauAE_ thein on+d omd p Be cawaR n omrd amd
Hydnnida a Souble in watt ydhoncl au alkalme
tofom alkalme setutm im matua (Except Be)
mdfoumd im eanth CuAt
AENERAL PRoPeRTTES
a) Se{tmetul, malleaba duch These aHe hand han RFa
Stvany uhite (metall meta (Be-Hardest m s-blotE)
Meltny poit cmt Boulm) pamt
weak mtenatem foMcus clme to Metallr bond a stmnge hm
ResR Size and or n e valence IA due to Smalen Siz tmd
eso MP omd P v sw valencee
MP omd BP o
Size Meptim
>NG> K>Rb > a BeCa> >Ba
Sn> )
due to eak atnachm M
atems in Ctallme stwctwu

Demsit- Doumstda atom clenaity ZA>

>IA
votunme 1 but Atemc uerght M >Na

menk so
dil Cd-) dem srd m Cteasts (Lmegtk
k < N a R b <C& BeM >C(a Sy 2Ba
eeptm
Reas Sm as k
k cleMst due to Vacmt
hae Roo Ca clenuity
d-htrl,hghe volume (CamgBe <Sn<Ba)
 Metallic ch ElecthopoAtivt ch
Hrghor tncleny to los e IA ane Pesmetallic htm
Qasi m Catun a lou) IE A O howm highuhE
M.C.Reachhi TEI
MC.
m UneaaceA
Reuchivity d6um sid

Li Na k 4 Rb a Ca BeMg <Ca S Sn Ba

Stand orcd Oidatien Pottntal Reductormt Recducun gent

CsOP)
L s Rb k >Na 3a Sn> Ca>Ma
SthengoA RA. e ust Recwctom hTghu
A
hawe hrgheat SoP. as it
ikapt im pahaftn wax
hawe hrhat hE, whrch help as s cunsity othen TtA
p t m kenocme ail

Photoelecthiz ekec CPEE) x A dees mot we due to

C3, K use fo photo elec{h ce hTn E (de nst Res e
due to Reo TE CC& best)
eas)
 Hydruhion eneryy(E)xL HE1 Hydhated Aizef (so7
I8n Smullen i7on
Lico)N@a) R
Stze
>CA COmductomu
mshiktt
A
Highest HE Bea Ma a S,Ba
Hraheat
Conductance
FLAME TeST when metal Salt heacd m 0nidrsumlume
CBUNsEN BUR NER FLAME ephese myalema shell aet excited
n vnb Revl b absephen heat e sretum back
hrgh emangy
to gnumdstatc by emissiron Vsibe Rrzht whreh provicla
Cofow to flame
Na K Rb C Be M Ca S7 Ba
Ci sern Cncllen vioet Re ddiah Snick Chimsen appla
Red yellsu ilac) vielet 8Aue m0 cotUT
Red Re
clue to hryh
IE
 CHEMICAL PROPERTI ES
Reachn ith ait
Reac ith dy Cun (N)
A) Reac údk dy aUn(02,)
M+dhy Ou7 ics+ntida
M+dy aUr fom oTdu (M0) MOMN
except ki
Na+dny u Na,o Ma+dhyaih MgO Mg
Lit dazz lmg bhidlant zht)

(G) Reac" ith moist ai

(0 ,' M+moist a mitic
MO +MN2
M+matst a f u s t rde
CNa) Ngo
eacept Ai )
MCO3 CO2 hydhonda
absenbMon) MCO2 MgH), +(N
NG cO2) Naon MGCO2 Mgen) mtMiq
i shew Sama Heactiom
Nofe Na3, N RbN N does not eist due to Pavn
lwge
Cation amd N Smallen amitm
Not moist au omc A metal ibehak amm niu
CPungemt)9
C)Reactiem with pwie oa
Oa
(Oe cess OQn Heat meno Cd (Re0, M
meno oncdu (i,0) do mot-fom Per nidu Supu-
Na Penortcle (Ngoa ) OMid, due to Smau aize)

k,RbsSpeh oride(k Ca Sn, Ba PencniddeMO)

O
RbCs)
Paq magnetiC C owed Sup g2ide
mo Supen oridu Ba0)
siabi with
odiamagnetic,
02 codoun ess Nangen cat1m Aouenie
Onde ostabitty Pottm icm (IP)
Oxicle > fojoricle>Superoide Na O R Rb< Ca0,
*So peN Micda ond SupeDnda BaaTc matuu ide im CieuseyA
behayt aadhsm9 agmt due cloum sida B0, A0 OmphotTe)
to e _tabiQity
 Hudnodis of oiclagg
O Oide givt Hudionde Pen mid g penomicd (l,0,) MoH
Nao +O NgO + HO RraoM + HO

Om Super oniclagwe hydaprd_perotida omd

ko+Ho> koH +H0 +o,T
SYpen
up
ko use as
Cmde m space Cnaft Submanine becau
itabsb Co^ amd mease_ o, Cntent
=

(D) Reaction with o LibetH Same in IA Qibenate

2M+H MOH + H
React slswk Be, Mo each wi hot uuaten
mot wth coldatn
Na hO React fastly
k, Rb, s tHoReact Vignsuah* Be, Mg, AM cdoesasmo eact
wi G , 4

Conc HaNO2 esefom

Stable ment passive 0zicle laye
 Na-Hg skow Ngoh+H
Ca, SA, Ba-> atact ho 1
Ca,
(Amalgum) Co ceditien
Na metd+ho faat
decrecuses _the eactivi Na Milk o Magnegia
Reactiut i
Ca+Ho Ca0
Milk of Lime
*Bast natwu dowmsica
E) Reactism with H, Eorcept Be othe IA Teoc
*
m ienic Hydoide (MH) dinectk iik h fem im+C
Hy dhide
Stabilty AiHNaH >kH->aH
Reducing Ngtut .
Poty menic and covaltnt
Cfom 3c-2e [Banrna bon
AiH +H0 i0H +T
F) ReacHm with Halogen k ARl neact with halogen fm
Ael 1eact wik halogem to harde dinecty except e
fem
1enT Covalent hali de (Mx) BeO+C+U, Bec+CO
Tmdiect ua
Im matuu 3iggen Catey
Smalte anim * Be Mgd a Covalent
mostiemic CsF eaxt i I
Lic Bec strg chaim Potymej
Covalent mA Saluble Becvapoun> Dimur (sp)
m ogcmi Solwtmt
Be c abovt (Rad k {net sP)
Aicf endy in TA form Hydrated
Salt ck 20) aned Nac *Be amc Atl, fm -BiclaR
K Rb c, at cdoes mot Poym T Stauctut Cmc both
yated
aubAhane bA ew acTc
Tabee Selt Nad) shou Hyghoscoprt
matwa due to impwih bsonb meutu
Cac g
 Heatm o Hydated salt )
Ca, Sh, Ba Hydnated Halrcle awe Amhydnaus halide n cdinect
Heatm Cac 6,o A Cad 6 Ho
OmhydoA
Bec0, e6H0 ARd F 6ho AA*)
Om heatng dees mot giwe amhyhous Salt, athtn hdnoa*
salt athh
Omd gi Ode Omd H

Mgc6 Myo +ah +SHO

()Reaction i1h N Cml all uact with

N m M
t sact
M++N Mgz
i+N i N ioH
Mn)+n
(H)COmpkex fonanin) meec
Smallen To, high cha Be Bo Beylate
denat NaoH
i(L),t
Soubility m Riquic N Ercept BeMg (Hh T:D
A Kali metul olrssotue im all dissote m q. N
iq. Nh to amcl i
ie highta cencluchiut Bluc Cot coun ue cdun sof
Sotuttm Pno penhits>
M++)NH M
(ng) +e (N ) Bue cdewy due to
Sowent) Cmme nafto ee
Amnm0mmattd Ammninate
Catiom b cmducthi due fo
electrom Both Cahgnmre
*dilutk Nh Sof
SoB ue cosu Paa C Panom ognetc
C&NC N Sof"-Bromze
wth metal
Colow drq (d) PecducngmtuA
due to clusfer fmatim
metal _
Dank blue col6un oX Akali met i Nh ade on stamdime
Seuhm fo Reng tme
tme dlue to tAmatm q Amjda
Na tNh NaN+
 Sodimm Hydho ide (Na OH) o ustic Soda

Pnepanat ( Castyer- kellner celu)

Amocle rapht catkoda Reachu
H
-

A
EAectois o Cemc Na wt C:
Na+e Na-Hgum)
Sodium-Cmgum at cathods Cmd a Comus
a t at anod 2Na-hq +o RNaoH+h
Sodi um -

amulam Wact wih HO

Cmd
gwt NaoH om H 2 fmal pnoc re cyde
Use Hg catkods > ) Xes dis chahga Naoh, _
potm ha NAT
(h Phe vmt Meacticy fo explosien
nopenfies Naoh
whit CyatalU me sir
*
t s
Hrzh!y De Rigue scent ab seb m0atvu)
Cencstaengh o NaoM de cieases im gtmoa pheu
 s it ab soib
mois tuyu am C0
(Naom CO Ngc02 + o
(A) Reachn ilkmet Only 91eact uilh
thox me tal, uhith oxicles hy drioid
au amphoteiie ( Be, Zn, At, Sn, Pb,
BL

Solubl cvm ple

NaoM

Soluble (sod meta alumimate)

H
NaznO (solable sod Zimcate
S N4Sn o (Sod stamnate ) +-
Pb
Na Pbo (Sod. Pumb ale) + H
Mg, mo eachon
C13
NaoM Cam alao qwt Sm Uactim wth amphotoC
hydrouticle (ie Beo, A,O2 Zn0, Smo, Pho but do mot
iberate h ,but ibeate ho.
(3) wtt Acidiod fqm salt
NQ,
CAbsob NG03 also
al kalme matw)
Nao1 SiO2 NGsrO(Secdi w silicate)
Souble
SO2 NSO3

NaONaOl1 do mot a t t witk Base N , 0 , Cao

*UseA-) I IaI actune anhficta Smk Soap h e e
, Papen eft
c)Iy Petnoleum nekmmng C Tm ficatom But
Prup@ruhm Pune fat amo sils
akm Soda (Nah(02
Ribenate Co
* Ttu use asfve E>ctmguishen
A Na O3
Nah(Oz
T + iamikd Antiseptic fs Skm infechon Arntaacrd medicnu

Set ims, Pep ead Cake

1Aact
NahOz Omd
NahCo Nadh Com mot eTStogehen as he
Nanco
NanCOz onc Nco etstoathtn 8 t e )

Nco1o Ho Sodiumn Casnbonatk /waßhm Soda)

Sol va Po cess ( Soda- ammm m a Phocew
L Nad L N
Socda ash)
Raw MaBu+al
Nad CaO3 ,NH
Bime st") limme stol
wask pnoduch
Cach
Re cy phod N am CoP>
Reacthons oSovay Proceas

NHyC Nahc2
4Nac
Subu
Cady, A
Cac, +NH +,0
wadhn
WaAte
Recye Soda
Prioc
9mme stene Cacoz A Ca0 +C
Recucle
Cafn
me tt
ks cO2 cm o t pe
mo (payec
SoAvan pro ces ad kHcoz
fmned achom Setua in wate
P1operhe whte Ctrallime Sofrd show EfSlejescenARcs
wato mle cuula wlen
fped to dy ain
NO C02Ho +HoT
Soub im watey, makalm e
Stuton wAsg)
(
Ube wgtt Softt
auncems deann
TT
manu factw
oss, 8o1ax, Ccuati Socla
Cempoumc Cal cium
Ca0Calcium oxide &uick Lime) upoud by heatv
heatm
o ime stme ab (dUnC ( Cato (a0 CO,
BA acfde
Prophes.
(A) React wit acrde OToda
at hiah ttmpeTotru
Cao SiO > Ca Sto CaO P O o CaPou
clssolwe m oten Ribenae e«cem Heo
(B) when
CaO Caloh), +an Hea exo
6uTte me Sake HSSrng Soumd
ime2

fillehed SApensren cao'))

S" Caloh,
mik o Ame ime wqten
*ilk lime e
Paste {ime
C) with d CaO y ) CaO (eleachmy Pouder)
mOutuu
Can), +ry belud Ca+Cafbc +H0
SupeATm 3s°
Cekachina) Cao
(D) me w ate Test o +i 0 N)
ime woa tt CaH),)+ Co paed
m i l y (due to Caco
again k y CeowrRess C Pu
CacO
Heat Ccue to Colice)
NEET
- COmpoumd Am heatmg ats colouwrles gas amd a sesrdue that
dissowed im wate to obtaim 8. Exces Co
Hhnouh oqueouA Solutton BC u bubled
Cis
bubbled
Solrd fomed Csetrc fom)
on gentle heafrmg gwe back A The cm pound
(a N 3 (b) co3 CC) CaSoy' 0
c Ca COz

1
-2 A whit sotrd X en heatrns gue a whit Sofrel Y amc
a cicdrc g a s z g z can alao fonmed when X uact
wit am ac+t{ yalso fon med ushern Caustic Soda e
open im qmesphUu he x,Y,z au >

ue Coaon),
Colon) Removt tmporary Handmes (Jan meHocl)
u s e n whitt wash (dis mfactamt natwe)
pponatnon montar ( 8uilclrmg mateiial)

SOyH0 Ca Soq)o PRasten o Pois POP)

Ca =

*Ccll e Hem Hydrate o Calcium sulphate

Ca SU h 0 > CaS0ho Ca soy mhy rus
upto 33K aboR
PoP 393k de ccd bnt
Plasten
% Ca PoP > GyPsum
* + has Memankqbl Settrmg prop, wth additen o wat
get h and slowk in s-I mn Itetockm Hbond)
19
 Pot Aamd cemen Rrght z) fine poude
CaO
SiO 2S 7 SO A0 atiofon Btn
puoli ty
eme othe gi de Cenent
3, °, S02 etc

Raw Matta O Ame sfena c l a Sum

CGpsum addedto slaw dew t e paoces Setfm9

Cement, to (m Crease hancd ne
mcd Na
Pased thnough a soluhom ad Ma
which fotlowvng cempoumc Cstaltse.
y Nacd, Mg Cack cb Both Cac
C 6nly Na
Apelrcatim i ue wirth Al tO
ma Fe aoy fon aincanft
i fon makimg Electro chemt ca cell (Mobi baHty)
wDe

(3 Ai- Nq use aA Coimt m nudean >eactoy.

Be
Be wse fe ma kmg X nu tube, u-Be
alo m high Strenyh SPAIng
Ca0 use fn Priftcatum ouga7 (20