Calculus and Laplace Transform

(MAT1001)
Module-1

Dr. Ajay K Bhurjee

SASL – Mathematics
VIT , Bhopal University.
 Module : 1 Partial Differentiation
Content:
Functions of two variables
Limits and continuity
 partial derivatives
Chain rule –
Extreme values and saddle points –
Lagrange Multipliers with one constraint –
 Taylor’s formula for two variables
Exercise (1.1) Limit of two variables
Exercise (1.2) Continuity
Partial Derivatives
PARTIAL DERIVATIVES OF HIGHER ORDERS
Exercise (1.3) Partial Derivatives
EULER’S THEOREM ON HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTION
Exercise (1.4) Euler’s theorem for homogeneous function
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Note:
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TOTAL DIFFERENTIAL

 In partial differentiation of a function of two or more variables, only one variable

varies. But in total differentiation, increments are given in all the variables.
 Let 𝒛 = 𝒇 𝒙, 𝒚
 Then total differential of z is:
𝝏𝒇 𝝏𝒇
 𝒅𝒛 = 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒅𝒚
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚

 Then 𝒅𝒛 is called total differential

 CHANGE OF TWO INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 𝑥 AND 𝑦 BY ANY OTHER VARIABLE 𝑡.
Exercise (1.5) Total Differential
Total Differential of Implicit function
Exercise (1.6) Total Differential of Implicit
function
Directional Derivatives in the Plane
The equation is the tangent line given by
TAYLOR’S SERIES OF TWO VARIABLES
Exercise (1.7) Exercise on Taylor’s Theorem
Maximum & Minimum Value, Extreme point, Saddle point
Working Rule to find the value of Extreme point
LAGRANGE METHOD OF UNDETERMINED MULTIPLIERS
Exercise (1.8) Exercise on Lagrange's Multiplier
Error & Approximation